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25-10-88/T\SPK03
This website contains an archive of files for the Acorn Electron, BBC Micro, Acorn Archimedes, Commodore 16 and Commodore 64 computers, which Dominic Ford has rescued from his private collection of floppy disks and cassettes.
Some of these files were originally commercial releases in the 1980s and 1990s, but they are now widely available online. I assume that copyright over them is no longer being asserted. If you own the copyright and would like files to be removed, please contact me.
| Tape/disk: | Home » CEEFAX disks » telesoftware10.adl |
| Filename: | 25-10-88/T\SPK03 |
| Read OK: | ✔ |
| File size: | 17A3 bytes |
| Load address: | 0000 |
| Exec address: | FFFFFFFF |
File contents
The Acorn Speech System - by - Gordon Horsington
----------------------------------------------------
Module 3. Using the Read and Branch intsruction.
------------------------------------------------
The simple use of the Read and Branch instruction has already been
demonstrated in module 1. This instruction can be very useful when only
one word PHROM is available to the speech processor. If more than one word
PHROM is available then this instruction must not be used because it can
lead to garbled nonsence being spoken and may also crash the speech
processor so that the computer has to be switched off to reset it.
The Acorn speech upgrade kit is supplied with only one word PHROM and
although Texas Instruments produce at least four other 16k word PHROMs
which could be installed in the BBC B, these alternative word PHROMs are
not commonly used. When the alternative word PHROMs are not available the
Read and Branch instruction can be used without any problems.
The Read and Branch instruction is an indirect Load Address instruction
and can only be used if the word PHROM address register has first been
loaded with the address of a pointer in the one available word PHROM. This
pointer must contain the address of the speech data for the word to be
spoken.
The ASCII words and word-parts are the easiest to use with this command
because the address of the associated pointers can be calculated from the
word name. To find the pointer associated with any ASCII word it is only
necessary to multiply the ASCII code by two. For example, the pointer
associated with the word B (ASCII &42) is at &84 (LSB) and &85 (MSB) in
word PHROM A.
In order to speak an ASCII associated word using the Read and Branch
instruction it is necessary to execute the following steps:
1) Read the ASCII word from a table or the keyboard or whatever.
2) Multiply the ASCII code by two to give the pointer address.
3) Transform the pointer address into the five bytes used by the Load
Address command and load the word PHROM address register with the
pointer address.
4) Execute the Read and Branch instruction to load the address register
with the contents of the pointer.
5) Execute the Speak instruction to speak the word.
6) If necessary, go back to 1) and read the next word.
Using this algorithm it is possible to speak a list of ASCII associated
words from word PHROM A. For example, the list 123456 will be spoken as
"one two three four five six" and the list [pjtks as "start pressing the
keys". The demonstration program BRANCH can speak up to 255 words or
word-parts using the simple loop in lines 70 to 150 and the subroutine
'branch' in lines 190 to 510. It uses an end-of-text marker byte (&FF) at
the end of a string of ASCII bytes to exit from the loop.
The subroutine branch first makes sure that the byte in the accumulator
is in the range from &20 to &7F. If it is outside this range it does not
have an ASCII associated word. The accumulator is then multiplied by two
to give the pointer address associated with the word. Because the range of
characters is limited to the range from &20 to &7F, the pointer address is
always less than &100. The most significant byte of the pointer address is
always &00.
The pointer address is transformed into the five bytes required by the
Load Address command. The first two of these bytes have to be calculated,
but, because the most significant byte of the address is always zero and
the word PHROM number is always &0F, the last three bytes used with the
Load Address command are always &40, &4C and &43.
After loading the word PHROM address register with the address of the
ASCII associated word pointer, the Read and Branch command is sent to the
speech processor. This command loads the word PHROM address register with
the contents of the pointer so that the address register then points to
the start of speech data for the ASCII associated word. Sending the Speak
command speaks the word and a return is made from the subroutine.
Load and run the program BRANCH. It will speak the words "six plus eight
minus five is nine". You can alter the word list in line 170 to experiment
with the speech it produces.
10 REM: BRANCH
20 osbyte=&FFF4
30 DIM mcode &200
40 FORpass=0TO2STEP2
50 P%=mcode
60 [ OPT pass
70 LDX #0
80 .loop
90 LDA data,X
100 BMI return
110 JSR branch
120 INX
130 BNE loop
140 .return
150 RTS
160 .data
170 EQUS "6+8-5=9"
180 EQUB &FF \ end of data byte
190 .branch
200 CMP #ASC(" ") \ ASCII 32
210 BCC return \ return if less than 32
220 CMP #ASC("~")+1 \ ASCII 128
230 BCS return \ return if greater than 127
240 ASL A \ multiply accumulator by 2
250 PHA \ temporary store for accumulator
260 AND #&F \ LS nybble for Load Address
270 ORA #&40 \ Load Address command
280 TAY \ command into Y register
290 LDA #&9F \ write to speech processor
300 JSR osbyte
310 PLA \ pull temporary store
320 AND #&F0 \ isolate next nybble
330 LSR A
340 LSR A
350 LSR A
360 LSR A
370 ORA #&40 \ Load Address command
380 TAY \ command into Y register
390 LDA #&9F \ write to speech processor
400 JSR osbyte
410 LDY #&40 \ third byte must be #&40
420 JSR osbyte
430 LDY #&4C \ fourth byte must be #&4C
440 JSR osbyte
450 LDY #&43 \ fifth byte must be #&43
460 JSR osbyte
470 LDA #&9F \ write to speech processor
480 LDY #&30 \ read and branch command
490 JSR osbyte \ send read byte command
500 LDY #&50 \ speak command
510 JMP osbyte \ speak the word and return
520 ]
530 NEXT
540 CALL mcode
00000000 54 68 65 20 41 63 6f 72 6e 20 53 70 65 65 63 68 |The Acorn Speech|
00000010 20 53 79 73 74 65 6d 20 20 2d 20 20 62 79 20 20 | System - by |
00000020 2d 20 20 47 6f 72 64 6f 6e 20 48 6f 72 73 69 6e |- Gordon Horsin|
00000030 67 74 6f 6e 0d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |gton.-----------|
00000040 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |----------------|
*
00000060 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0d 4d 6f 64 75 6c |---------..Modul|
00000070 65 20 33 2e 20 55 73 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 52 |e 3. Using the R|
00000080 65 61 64 20 61 6e 64 20 42 72 61 6e 63 68 20 69 |ead and Branch i|
00000090 6e 74 73 72 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 2e 0d 2d 2d 2d 2d |ntsruction..----|
000000a0 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |----------------|
*
000000c0 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0d 54 68 |------------..Th|
000000d0 65 20 73 69 6d 70 6c 65 20 75 73 65 20 6f 66 20 |e simple use of |
000000e0 74 68 65 20 52 65 61 64 20 61 6e 64 20 42 72 61 |the Read and Bra|
000000f0 6e 63 68 20 69 6e 73 74 72 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 |nch instruction |
00000100 68 61 73 20 61 6c 72 65 61 64 79 20 62 65 65 6e |has already been|
00000110 0d 64 65 6d 6f 6e 73 74 72 61 74 65 64 20 69 6e |.demonstrated in|
00000120 20 6d 6f 64 75 6c 65 20 31 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20 | module 1. This |
00000130 69 6e 73 74 72 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 63 61 6e 20 |instruction can |
00000140 62 65 20 76 65 72 79 20 75 73 65 66 75 6c 20 77 |be very useful w|
00000150 68 65 6e 20 6f 6e 6c 79 0d 6f 6e 65 20 77 6f 72 |hen only.one wor|
00000160 64 20 50 48 52 4f 4d 20 69 73 20 61 76 61 69 6c |d PHROM is avail|
00000170 61 62 6c 65 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 73 70 65 65 |able to the spee|
00000180 63 68 20 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 6f 72 2e 20 49 66 |ch processor. If|
00000190 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 74 68 61 6e 20 6f 6e 65 20 77 | more than one w|
000001a0 6f 72 64 0d 50 48 52 4f 4d 20 69 73 20 61 76 61 |ord.PHROM is ava|
000001b0 69 6c 61 62 6c 65 20 74 68 65 6e 20 74 68 69 73 |ilable then this|
000001c0 20 69 6e 73 74 72 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 6d 75 73 | instruction mus|
000001d0 74 20 6e 6f 74 20 62 65 20 75 73 65 64 20 62 65 |t not be used be|
000001e0 63 61 75 73 65 20 69 74 20 63 61 6e 0d 6c 65 61 |cause it can.lea|
000001f0 64 20 74 6f 20 67 61 72 62 6c 65 64 20 6e 6f 6e |d to garbled non|
00000200 73 65 6e 63 65 20 62 65 69 6e 67 20 73 70 6f 6b |sence being spok|
00000210 65 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 6d 61 79 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 |en and may also |
00000220 63 72 61 73 68 20 74 68 65 20 73 70 65 65 63 68 |crash the speech|
00000230 0d 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 6f 72 20 73 6f 20 74 68 |.processor so th|
00000240 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f 6d 70 75 74 65 72 20 |at the computer |
00000250 68 61 73 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 73 77 69 74 63 68 |has to be switch|
00000260 65 64 20 6f 66 66 20 74 6f 20 72 65 73 65 74 20 |ed off to reset |
00000270 69 74 2e 0d 0d 54 68 65 20 41 63 6f 72 6e 20 73 |it...The Acorn s|
00000280 70 65 65 63 68 20 75 70 67 72 61 64 65 20 6b 69 |peech upgrade ki|
00000290 74 20 69 73 20 73 75 70 70 6c 69 65 64 20 77 69 |t is supplied wi|
000002a0 74 68 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 6f 6e 65 20 77 6f 72 64 |th only one word|
000002b0 20 50 48 52 4f 4d 20 61 6e 64 0d 61 6c 74 68 6f | PHROM and.altho|
000002c0 75 67 68 20 54 65 78 61 73 20 49 6e 73 74 72 75 |ugh Texas Instru|
000002d0 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 70 72 6f 64 75 63 65 20 61 74 |ments produce at|
000002e0 20 6c 65 61 73 74 20 66 6f 75 72 20 6f 74 68 65 | least four othe|
000002f0 72 20 31 36 6b 20 77 6f 72 64 20 50 48 52 4f 4d |r 16k word PHROM|
00000300 73 0d 77 68 69 63 68 20 63 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 65 |s.which could be|
00000310 20 69 6e 73 74 61 6c 6c 65 64 20 69 6e 20 74 68 | installed in th|
00000320 65 20 42 42 43 20 42 2c 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 61 |e BBC B, these a|
00000330 6c 74 65 72 6e 61 74 69 76 65 20 77 6f 72 64 20 |lternative word |
00000340 50 48 52 4f 4d 73 20 61 72 65 0d 6e 6f 74 20 63 |PHROMs are.not c|
00000350 6f 6d 6d 6f 6e 6c 79 20 75 73 65 64 2e 20 57 68 |ommonly used. Wh|
00000360 65 6e 20 74 68 65 20 61 6c 74 65 72 6e 61 74 69 |en the alternati|
00000370 76 65 20 77 6f 72 64 20 50 48 52 4f 4d 73 20 61 |ve word PHROMs a|
00000380 72 65 20 6e 6f 74 20 61 76 61 69 6c 61 62 6c 65 |re not available|
00000390 20 74 68 65 0d 52 65 61 64 20 61 6e 64 20 42 72 | the.Read and Br|
000003a0 61 6e 63 68 20 69 6e 73 74 72 75 63 74 69 6f 6e |anch instruction|
000003b0 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 75 73 65 64 20 77 69 74 | can be used wit|
000003c0 68 6f 75 74 20 61 6e 79 20 70 72 6f 62 6c 65 6d |hout any problem|
000003d0 73 2e 0d 0d 54 68 65 20 52 65 61 64 20 61 6e 64 |s...The Read and|
000003e0 20 42 72 61 6e 63 68 20 69 6e 73 74 72 75 63 74 | Branch instruct|
000003f0 69 6f 6e 20 69 73 20 61 6e 20 69 6e 64 69 72 65 |ion is an indire|
00000400 63 74 20 4c 6f 61 64 20 41 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 |ct Load Address |
00000410 69 6e 73 74 72 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 0d 61 6e 64 20 |instruction.and |
00000420 63 61 6e 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 62 65 20 75 73 65 64 |can only be used|
00000430 20 69 66 20 74 68 65 20 77 6f 72 64 20 50 48 52 | if the word PHR|
00000440 4f 4d 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 72 65 67 69 73 |OM address regis|
00000450 74 65 72 20 68 61 73 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 62 65 |ter has first be|
00000460 65 6e 0d 6c 6f 61 64 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 |en.loaded with t|
00000470 68 65 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 6f 66 20 61 20 |he address of a |
00000480 70 6f 69 6e 74 65 72 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 6f |pointer in the o|
00000490 6e 65 20 61 76 61 69 6c 61 62 6c 65 20 77 6f 72 |ne available wor|
000004a0 64 20 50 48 52 4f 4d 2e 20 54 68 69 73 0d 70 6f |d PHROM. This.po|
000004b0 69 6e 74 65 72 20 6d 75 73 74 20 63 6f 6e 74 61 |inter must conta|
000004c0 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 6f |in the address o|
000004d0 66 20 74 68 65 20 73 70 65 65 63 68 20 64 61 74 |f the speech dat|
000004e0 61 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 77 6f 72 64 20 74 |a for the word t|
000004f0 6f 20 62 65 0d 73 70 6f 6b 65 6e 2e 0d 0d 54 68 |o be.spoken...Th|
00000500 65 20 41 53 43 49 49 20 77 6f 72 64 73 20 61 6e |e ASCII words an|
00000510 64 20 77 6f 72 64 2d 70 61 72 74 73 20 61 72 65 |d word-parts are|
00000520 20 74 68 65 20 65 61 73 69 65 73 74 20 74 6f 20 | the easiest to |
00000530 75 73 65 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 69 73 20 63 6f |use with this co|
00000540 6d 6d 61 6e 64 0d 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 74 68 |mmand.because th|
00000550 65 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 |e address of the|
00000560 20 61 73 73 6f 63 69 61 74 65 64 20 70 6f 69 6e | associated poin|
00000570 74 65 72 73 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 63 61 6c 63 |ters can be calc|
00000580 75 6c 61 74 65 64 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 0d |ulated from the.|
00000590 77 6f 72 64 20 6e 61 6d 65 2e 20 54 6f 20 66 69 |word name. To fi|
000005a0 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 65 72 20 61 |nd the pointer a|
000005b0 73 73 6f 63 69 61 74 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 61 |ssociated with a|
000005c0 6e 79 20 41 53 43 49 49 20 77 6f 72 64 20 69 74 |ny ASCII word it|
000005d0 20 69 73 20 6f 6e 6c 79 0d 6e 65 63 65 73 73 61 | is only.necessa|
000005e0 72 79 20 74 6f 20 6d 75 6c 74 69 70 6c 79 20 74 |ry to multiply t|
000005f0 68 65 20 41 53 43 49 49 20 63 6f 64 65 20 62 79 |he ASCII code by|
00000600 20 74 77 6f 2e 20 46 6f 72 20 65 78 61 6d 70 6c | two. For exampl|
00000610 65 2c 20 74 68 65 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 65 72 0d 61 |e, the pointer.a|
00000620 73 73 6f 63 69 61 74 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 |ssociated with t|
00000630 68 65 20 77 6f 72 64 20 42 20 28 41 53 43 49 49 |he word B (ASCII|
00000640 20 26 34 32 29 20 69 73 20 61 74 20 26 38 34 20 | &42) is at &84 |
00000650 28 4c 53 42 29 20 61 6e 64 20 26 38 35 20 28 4d |(LSB) and &85 (M|
00000660 53 42 29 20 69 6e 0d 77 6f 72 64 20 50 48 52 4f |SB) in.word PHRO|
00000670 4d 20 41 2e 0d 0d 49 6e 20 6f 72 64 65 72 20 74 |M A...In order t|
00000680 6f 20 73 70 65 61 6b 20 61 6e 20 41 53 43 49 49 |o speak an ASCII|
00000690 20 61 73 73 6f 63 69 61 74 65 64 20 77 6f 72 64 | associated word|
000006a0 20 75 73 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 52 65 61 64 20 | using the Read |
000006b0 61 6e 64 20 42 72 61 6e 63 68 0d 69 6e 73 74 72 |and Branch.instr|
000006c0 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 6e 65 63 |uction it is nec|
000006d0 65 73 73 61 72 79 20 74 6f 20 65 78 65 63 75 74 |essary to execut|
000006e0 65 20 74 68 65 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 69 6e 67 20 |e the following |
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00000700 20 74 68 65 20 41 53 43 49 49 20 77 6f 72 64 20 | the ASCII word |
00000710 66 72 6f 6d 20 61 20 74 61 62 6c 65 20 6f 72 20 |from a table or |
00000720 74 68 65 20 6b 65 79 62 6f 61 72 64 20 6f 72 20 |the keyboard or |
00000730 77 68 61 74 65 76 65 72 2e 0d 0d 32 29 20 4d 75 |whatever...2) Mu|
00000740 6c 74 69 70 6c 79 20 74 68 65 20 41 53 43 49 49 |ltiply the ASCII|
00000750 20 63 6f 64 65 20 62 79 20 74 77 6f 20 74 6f 20 | code by two to |
00000760 67 69 76 65 20 74 68 65 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 65 72 |give the pointer|
00000770 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 2e 0d 0d 33 29 20 54 72 | address...3) Tr|
00000780 61 6e 73 66 6f 72 6d 20 74 68 65 20 70 6f 69 6e |ansform the poin|
00000790 74 65 72 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 69 6e 74 6f |ter address into|
000007a0 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 76 65 20 62 79 74 65 73 20 | the five bytes |
000007b0 75 73 65 64 20 62 79 20 74 68 65 20 4c 6f 61 64 |used by the Load|
000007c0 0d 20 20 20 41 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 63 6f 6d 6d |. Address comm|
000007d0 61 6e 64 20 61 6e 64 20 6c 6f 61 64 20 74 68 65 |and and load the|
000007e0 20 77 6f 72 64 20 50 48 52 4f 4d 20 61 64 64 72 | word PHROM addr|
000007f0 65 73 73 20 72 65 67 69 73 74 65 72 20 77 69 74 |ess register wit|
00000800 68 20 74 68 65 0d 20 20 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 65 72 |h the. pointer|
00000810 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 2e 0d 0d 34 29 20 45 78 | address...4) Ex|
00000820 65 63 75 74 65 20 74 68 65 20 52 65 61 64 20 61 |ecute the Read a|
00000830 6e 64 20 42 72 61 6e 63 68 20 69 6e 73 74 72 75 |nd Branch instru|
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00000850 65 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 72 65 67 69 73 74 |e address regist|
00000860 65 72 0d 20 20 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 20 63 |er. with the c|
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00000890 75 74 65 20 74 68 65 20 53 70 65 61 6b 20 69 6e |ute the Speak in|
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000008b0 61 6b 20 74 68 65 20 77 6f 72 64 2e 0d 0d 36 29 |ak the word...6)|
000008c0 20 49 66 20 6e 65 63 65 73 73 61 72 79 2c 20 67 | If necessary, g|
000008d0 6f 20 62 61 63 6b 20 74 6f 20 31 29 20 61 6e 64 |o back to 1) and|
000008e0 20 72 65 61 64 20 74 68 65 20 6e 65 78 74 20 77 | read the next w|
000008f0 6f 72 64 2e 0d 0d 0d 55 73 69 6e 67 20 74 68 69 |ord....Using thi|
00000900 73 20 61 6c 67 6f 72 69 74 68 6d 20 69 74 20 69 |s algorithm it i|
00000910 73 20 70 6f 73 73 69 62 6c 65 20 74 6f 20 73 70 |s possible to sp|
00000920 65 61 6b 20 61 20 6c 69 73 74 20 6f 66 20 41 53 |eak a list of AS|
00000930 43 49 49 20 61 73 73 6f 63 69 61 74 65 64 0d 77 |CII associated.w|
00000940 6f 72 64 73 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 77 6f 72 64 20 50 |ords from word P|
00000950 48 52 4f 4d 20 41 2e 20 46 6f 72 20 65 78 61 6d |HROM A. For exam|
00000960 70 6c 65 2c 20 74 68 65 20 6c 69 73 74 20 31 32 |ple, the list 12|
00000970 33 34 35 36 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 20 73 70 6f |3456 will be spo|
00000980 6b 65 6e 20 61 73 0d 22 6f 6e 65 20 74 77 6f 20 |ken as."one two |
00000990 74 68 72 65 65 20 66 6f 75 72 20 66 69 76 65 20 |three four five |
000009a0 73 69 78 22 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 6c 69 73 |six" and the lis|
000009b0 74 20 5b 70 6a 74 6b 73 20 61 73 20 22 73 74 61 |t [pjtks as "sta|
000009c0 72 74 20 70 72 65 73 73 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 0d |rt pressing the.|
000009d0 6b 65 79 73 22 2e 20 54 68 65 20 64 65 6d 6f 6e |keys". The demon|
000009e0 73 74 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d |stration program|
000009f0 20 42 52 41 4e 43 48 20 63 61 6e 20 73 70 65 61 | BRANCH can spea|
00000a00 6b 20 75 70 20 74 6f 20 32 35 35 20 77 6f 72 64 |k up to 255 word|
00000a10 73 20 6f 72 0d 77 6f 72 64 2d 70 61 72 74 73 20 |s or.word-parts |
00000a20 75 73 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 73 69 6d 70 6c 65 |using the simple|
00000a30 20 6c 6f 6f 70 20 69 6e 20 6c 69 6e 65 73 20 37 | loop in lines 7|
00000a40 30 20 74 6f 20 31 35 30 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 |0 to 150 and the|
00000a50 20 73 75 62 72 6f 75 74 69 6e 65 0d 27 62 72 61 | subroutine.'bra|
00000a60 6e 63 68 27 20 69 6e 20 6c 69 6e 65 73 20 31 39 |nch' in lines 19|
00000a70 30 20 74 6f 20 35 31 30 2e 20 49 74 20 75 73 65 |0 to 510. It use|
00000a80 73 20 61 6e 20 65 6e 64 2d 6f 66 2d 74 65 78 74 |s an end-of-text|
00000a90 20 6d 61 72 6b 65 72 20 62 79 74 65 20 28 26 46 | marker byte (&F|
00000aa0 46 29 20 61 74 0d 74 68 65 20 65 6e 64 20 6f 66 |F) at.the end of|
00000ab0 20 61 20 73 74 72 69 6e 67 20 6f 66 20 41 53 43 | a string of ASC|
00000ac0 49 49 20 62 79 74 65 73 20 74 6f 20 65 78 69 74 |II bytes to exit|
00000ad0 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 20 6c 6f 6f 70 2e 0d | from the loop..|
00000ae0 0d 54 68 65 20 73 75 62 72 6f 75 74 69 6e 65 20 |.The subroutine |
00000af0 62 72 61 6e 63 68 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 6d 61 6b |branch first mak|
00000b00 65 73 20 73 75 72 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 |es sure that the|
00000b10 20 62 79 74 65 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 61 63 63 | byte in the acc|
00000b20 75 6d 75 6c 61 74 6f 72 0d 69 73 20 69 6e 20 74 |umulator.is in t|
00000b30 68 65 20 72 61 6e 67 65 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 26 32 |he range from &2|
00000b40 30 20 74 6f 20 26 37 46 2e 20 49 66 20 69 74 20 |0 to &7F. If it |
00000b50 69 73 20 6f 75 74 73 69 64 65 20 74 68 69 73 20 |is outside this |
00000b60 72 61 6e 67 65 20 69 74 20 64 6f 65 73 20 6e 6f |range it does no|
00000b70 74 0d 68 61 76 65 20 61 6e 20 41 53 43 49 49 20 |t.have an ASCII |
00000b80 61 73 73 6f 63 69 61 74 65 64 20 77 6f 72 64 2e |associated word.|
00000b90 20 54 68 65 20 61 63 63 75 6d 75 6c 61 74 6f 72 | The accumulator|
00000ba0 20 69 73 20 74 68 65 6e 20 6d 75 6c 74 69 70 6c | is then multipl|
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00000bc0 76 65 20 74 68 65 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 65 72 20 61 |ve the pointer a|
00000bd0 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 61 73 73 6f 63 69 61 74 65 |ddress associate|
00000be0 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 20 77 6f 72 64 2e |d with the word.|
00000bf0 20 42 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 74 68 65 20 72 61 6e | Because the ran|
00000c00 67 65 20 6f 66 0d 63 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 72 73 |ge of.characters|
00000c10 20 69 73 20 6c 69 6d 69 74 65 64 20 74 6f 20 74 | is limited to t|
00000c20 68 65 20 72 61 6e 67 65 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 26 32 |he range from &2|
00000c30 30 20 74 6f 20 26 37 46 2c 20 74 68 65 20 70 6f |0 to &7F, the po|
00000c40 69 6e 74 65 72 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 69 73 |inter address is|
00000c50 0d 61 6c 77 61 79 73 20 6c 65 73 73 20 74 68 61 |.always less tha|
00000c60 6e 20 26 31 30 30 2e 20 54 68 65 20 6d 6f 73 74 |n &100. The most|
00000c70 20 73 69 67 6e 69 66 69 63 61 6e 74 20 62 79 74 | significant byt|
00000c80 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 65 72 |e of the pointer|
00000c90 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 69 73 0d 61 6c 77 61 | address is.alwa|
00000ca0 79 73 20 26 30 30 2e 0d 0d 54 68 65 20 70 6f 69 |ys &00...The poi|
00000cb0 6e 74 65 72 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 69 73 20 |nter address is |
00000cc0 74 72 61 6e 73 66 6f 72 6d 65 64 20 69 6e 74 6f |transformed into|
00000cd0 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 76 65 20 62 79 74 65 73 20 | the five bytes |
00000ce0 72 65 71 75 69 72 65 64 20 62 79 20 74 68 65 0d |required by the.|
00000cf0 4c 6f 61 64 20 41 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 63 6f 6d |Load Address com|
00000d00 6d 61 6e 64 2e 20 54 68 65 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 |mand. The first |
00000d10 74 77 6f 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 62 79 74 |two of these byt|
00000d20 65 73 20 68 61 76 65 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 63 61 |es have to be ca|
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