Home » Archimedes archive » Micro User » MU 1992-05.adf » PD » Fractal/!Fractal/Help/!FP_Doc/ReadMe
Fractal/!Fractal/Help/!FP_Doc/ReadMe
This website contains an archive of files for the Acorn Electron, BBC Micro, Acorn Archimedes, Commodore 16 and Commodore 64 computers, which Dominic Ford has rescued from his private collection of floppy disks and cassettes.
Some of these files were originally commercial releases in the 1980s and 1990s, but they are now widely available online. I assume that copyright over them is no longer being asserted. If you own the copyright and would like files to be removed, please contact me.
| Tape/disk: | Home » Archimedes archive » Micro User » MU 1992-05.adf » PD |
| Filename: | Fractal/!Fractal/Help/!FP_Doc/ReadMe |
| Read OK: | ✔ |
| File size: | 1997 bytes |
| Load address: | 0000 |
| Exec address: | 0000 |
File contents
FPLib v1.20 - Floating Point Assembler From Basic
~~~~~~~~~~~
This file explains how to use the floating point assembler provided. For
full information on the floating point instruction set see the Acorn PRM.
FPLib allows floating point instructions and constants to be assembled using
the BASIC V assembler. Most of the options and syntax is supported, as shown
below. Programs assembled with floating point instructions must ensure that
the floating point emulator is loaded before use.
Requirements
------------
The following annotated example shows the requirements.
LIBRARY"FPLib" Access FPLib
DIM code% 1024 Use any name
PROCfpinit MUST be called prior to assembly
FOR asm=4 TO 7 STEP 3 asm MUST be control variable
P%=0:O%=code% Offset assembly is supported if required
[OPT asm
FNfp("LDFD F0,double") Define a float instruction
FNfp("ADFEQD F0,F1,F2") F0=F1+F2 if previous compare =
.var FNfp("DFS 4.723e23") Define a float contstant
]:NEXT
Operands of instructions may refer to BASIC variables or program locations
as well as hard coded numbers.
Float constant operands can only refer to a number, not a BASIC variable or
expression. To use a variable use this form:
FNfp("DFE "+STR$(number)) where number is a previously defined variable
A reasonable level of syntax checking is performed, but FPLib is not very
tolerant of mistakes.
Syntax And Instruction Set
--------------------------
Floating point numbers are supported in 4 formats:
single S (4 bytes) with 9 digits of precision, exponent +/- 54
double D (8 bytes) with 17 digits of precision, exponent +/- 340
extended E (12 bytes) with full internal precision, exponent +/- 999
packed P (12 bytes) with 17 digits of precision
In most instructions the precision must be specified. P is only used for
storing and loading.
There are 8 floating point registers which are called F0 to F7 by FPLib.
In the following <cond> is an optional condition (the standard ARM
instruction conditions), and prec is the precision letter from above.
Load/Store:
LDF<cond>prec Fd,addr Load a float from address
STF<cond>prec Fd,addr Store a float to address
addr is [Rn]<,#offset> or [Rn,#offset]<!> ie. as per LDR/STR
addr may also be a program location in which case FPLib will calculate the
address as +/- from R15. Offsets must be within +/- 1020 bytes.
eg. LDFD F0,double Load a double
STFE F2,[R1,#0] Store at R1 location
LDFS F4,[R2],#8 load double from R2, then bump R2 past double
Binary Ops:
binop<cond>prec Fd,Fn,Fm|#value
where binop can be:
ADF Add Fd=Fn+Fm
MUF Multiply Fd=Fn*Fm
SUF Subtract Fd=Fn-Fm
RSF Reverse Subtract Fd=Fm-Fn
DVF Divide Fd=Fn/Fm
RDF Reverse Divide Fd=Fm/Fn
POW Power Fd=Fn to the power of Fm
RPW Reverse Power Fd=Fm to the power of Fn
RMF Remainder Fd=remainder of Fn/Fm
FML Fast multiply Fd=Fn*Fm
FDV Fast divide Fd=Fn/Fm
FRD Fast reverse divide Fd=Fm/Fn
POL Polar Angle Fd=polar angle of(Fn,Fm)
The fast instructions compute to single precision only.
value can be 0.5, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 10.
eg. ADF F7,F4,F5
ADF F3,F2,#2
Unary Ops:
unyop<cond>prec Fd,Fm|#value
where unyop can be:
MVF Move Fd=Fm
MNF Move negated Fd=-Fm
ABS Absolute Fd=ABS(Fm)
RND Round to integral Fd=integer value of Fm
SQT Square root Fd=square root of Fm
LOG Logarithm base 10 Fd=log10 of Fm
LGN Logarithm base e Fd=loge of Fm
EXP Exponent Fd=e to the power of Fm
SIN Sine Fd=sine of Fm
COS Cosine Fd=cosine of Fm
TAN Tangent Fd=tangent of Fm
ASN Arc sine Fd=arcsine of Fm
ACS Arc cosine Fd=arccosine of Fm
ATN Arc tangent Fd=arctangent of Fm
eg. MVF F0,#0 Zeroise float register
Register Transfer:
FLT<cond>prec Fn,Rd Integer to floating point
FIX<cond>prec Rd,Fm Floating point to integer
WFS<cond> Rd write floating point status
RFS<cond> Rd read floating point status
WFC<cond> Rd write floating point control
RFC<cond> Rd read floating point control
Refer to the PRM for the floating point status bit settings.
Nb. *MEMORYI incorrectly dis-assembles the FLT Fn operand.
Status Transfer:
CMF<cond>prec Fn,Fm|#value compare Fn with Fm
CNF<cond>prec Fn,Fm|#value compare Fn with -Fm
CME<cond>prec Fn,Fm|#value compare with exception
CNE<cond>prec Fn,Fm|#value compare negated with exception
Use the standard branches after compares. Acorn recommends the use of
CMF/CNF with BEQ/BNE, and CME/CNE for others (BGE/BGT/BLT/BLE).
Nb. The PRM incorrectly displays the operands as Fm,Fn.
Constants
---------
DFS number Define a single precision constant - 4 bytes
DFD number Define a double precision constant - 8 bytes
DFE number Define an extended precision constant - 12 bytes
DFP number Define a constant in packed format - 12 bytes
Conversion Routines
-------------------
Two conversion routines are provided which can be assembled into your
program.
PROCstrtofp(addr%) Assembles a string to float routine at location addr%
PROCfptostr(addr%) Assembles a float to string routine at location addr%
300 bytes are required to assemble each routine at the address provided.
string_to_float: call this routine to convert an ASCII number to a float.
The number can have leading spaces, and may be in standard (1234.5678) or
scientific format (1.23e24). No check is made for invalid numbers (ie. too
big). On entry to the routine registers must be:
R0: address of control-terminated numeric string
R1: address of target converted number (4,8 or 12 bytes)
R2: float type: 0=Single, 1=Double, 2=Extended, 3=Packed
Conversion is terminated as soon as an invalid character is detected, and
the result so far is returned.
float_to_string: call this routine to convert a float into ASCII format. The
number is converted into scientific format with 16 decimal places (ie 17
digits precision), with +/- signs as required. Registers on entry should be:
R0: address of float number
R1: address of converted string - 26 bytes are required
R2: float type: 0=Single, 1=Double, 2=Extended, 3=Packed
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mike Curnow,
22/07/91 00000000 46 50 4c 69 62 20 76 31 2e 32 30 20 2d 20 46 6c |FPLib v1.20 - Fl|
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00000040 68 69 73 20 66 69 6c 65 20 65 78 70 6c 61 69 6e |his file explain|
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00000150 79 6e 74 61 78 20 69 73 20 73 75 70 70 6f 72 74 |yntax is support|
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00000210 69 6e 67 20 61 6e 6e 6f 74 61 74 65 64 20 65 78 |ing annotated ex|
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00000250 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00000260 20 20 20 41 63 63 65 73 73 20 46 50 4c 69 62 0a | Access FPLib.|
00000270 44 49 4d 20 63 6f 64 65 25 20 31 30 32 34 20 20 |DIM code% 1024 |
00000280 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00000290 20 20 20 20 55 73 65 20 61 6e 79 20 6e 61 6d 65 | Use any name|
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000002f0 54 4f 20 37 20 53 54 45 50 20 33 20 20 20 20 20 |TO 7 STEP 3 |
00000300 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 61 73 6d 20 4d 55 | asm MU|
00000310 53 54 20 62 65 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c 20 76 61 |ST be control va|
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00000330 6f 64 65 25 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ode% |
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00000370 72 65 64 0a 5b 4f 50 54 20 61 73 6d 0a 46 4e 66 |red.[OPT asm.FNf|
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00000390 65 22 29 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |e") |
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000003c0 28 22 41 44 46 45 51 44 20 46 30 2c 46 31 2c 46 |("ADFEQD F0,F1,F|
000003d0 32 22 29 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |2") |
000003e0 46 30 3d 46 31 2b 46 32 20 69 66 20 70 72 65 76 |F0=F1+F2 if prev|
000003f0 69 6f 75 73 20 63 6f 6d 70 61 72 65 20 3d 0a 2e |ious compare =..|
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00000410 37 32 33 65 32 33 22 29 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |723e23") |
00000420 20 20 20 44 65 66 69 6e 65 20 61 20 66 6c 6f 61 | Define a floa|
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00000930 6d 61 79 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 62 65 20 61 20 70 72 |may also be a pr|
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00000950 6e 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 63 61 73 65 20 46 50 4c |n which case FPL|
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00000970 65 20 74 68 65 0a 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 61 73 |e the.address as|
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000009d0 6f 61 64 20 61 20 64 6f 75 62 6c 65 0a 20 20 20 |oad a double. |
000009e0 20 53 54 46 45 20 46 32 2c 5b 52 31 2c 23 30 5d | STFE F2,[R1,#0]|
000009f0 20 20 20 20 20 20 53 74 6f 72 65 20 61 74 20 52 | Store at R|
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00000a10 44 46 53 20 46 34 2c 5b 52 32 5d 2c 23 38 20 20 |DFS F4,[R2],#8 |
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00000a30 66 72 6f 6d 20 52 32 2c 20 74 68 65 6e 20 62 75 |from R2, then bu|
00000a40 6d 70 20 52 32 20 70 61 73 74 20 64 6f 75 62 6c |mp R2 past doubl|
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00000a80 77 68 65 72 65 20 62 69 6e 6f 70 20 63 61 6e 20 |where binop can |
00000a90 62 65 3a 0a 41 44 46 20 20 41 64 64 20 20 20 20 |be:.ADF Add |
00000aa0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 46 64 | Fd|
00000ab0 3d 46 6e 2b 46 6d 0a 4d 55 46 20 20 4d 75 6c 74 |=Fn+Fm.MUF Mult|
00000ac0 69 70 6c 79 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |iply |
00000ad0 20 46 64 3d 46 6e 2a 46 6d 0a 53 55 46 20 20 53 | Fd=Fn*Fm.SUF S|
00000ae0 75 62 74 72 61 63 74 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ubtract |
00000af0 20 20 20 20 46 64 3d 46 6e 2d 46 6d 0a 52 53 46 | Fd=Fn-Fm.RSF|
00000b00 20 20 52 65 76 65 72 73 65 20 53 75 62 74 72 61 | Reverse Subtra|
00000b10 63 74 20 20 20 20 20 46 64 3d 46 6d 2d 46 6e 0a |ct Fd=Fm-Fn.|
00000b20 44 56 46 20 20 44 69 76 69 64 65 20 20 20 20 20 |DVF Divide |
00000b30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 46 64 3d 46 6e 2f | Fd=Fn/|
00000b40 46 6d 0a 52 44 46 20 20 52 65 76 65 72 73 65 20 |Fm.RDF Reverse |
00000b50 44 69 76 69 64 65 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 46 64 3d |Divide Fd=|
00000b60 46 6d 2f 46 6e 0a 50 4f 57 20 20 50 6f 77 65 72 |Fm/Fn.POW Power|
00000b70 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00000b80 46 64 3d 46 6e 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 70 6f 77 |Fd=Fn to the pow|
00000b90 65 72 20 6f 66 20 46 6d 0a 52 50 57 20 20 52 65 |er of Fm.RPW Re|
00000ba0 76 65 72 73 65 20 50 6f 77 65 72 20 20 20 20 20 |verse Power |
00000bb0 20 20 20 46 64 3d 46 6d 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 | Fd=Fm to the |
00000bc0 70 6f 77 65 72 20 6f 66 20 46 6e 0a 52 4d 46 20 |power of Fn.RMF |
00000bd0 20 52 65 6d 61 69 6e 64 65 72 20 20 20 20 20 20 | Remainder |
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