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P/+DA1
This website contains an archive of files for the Acorn Electron, BBC Micro, Acorn Archimedes, Commodore 16 and Commodore 64 computers, which Dominic Ford has rescued from his private collection of floppy disks and cassettes.
Some of these files were originally commercial releases in the 1980s and 1990s, but they are now widely available online. I assume that copyright over them is no longer being asserted. If you own the copyright and would like files to be removed, please contact me.
| Tape/disk: | Home » Personal collection » Acorn ADFS disks » Electron_User_Group » EUG_37.ADF |
| Filename: | P/+DA1 |
| Read OK: | ✔ |
| File size: | 1838 bytes |
| Load address: | 2B204556 |
| Exec address: | D314144 |
Duplicates
There is 1 duplicate copy of this file in the archive:
- Personal collection » Acorn ADFS disks » Electron_User_Group » EUG_37.ADF » P/+DA1
- Personal collection » Acorn hard disk » zipped_disks » elk03 » eug37/P/+DA1
File contents
*************************************************************************
* Mark Bellis, 118, The Lawns, Rolleston-on-Dove, Burton-on Trent, *
* Staffs, DE13 9DE. *
* 6502 / 65C12 disassembler for EUG, March 1998 *
*************************************************************************
With experience, 6502 code is simple to disassemble, resorting only
occasionally to the reference manual for the table of opcodes.
However, disassembling a *DUMP listing is time consuming, especially when
you want to decode a whole 16K ROM full.
In answer to this problem, I have written a disassembler in BASIC, with an
attempt to make it compatible with Elks by using Mode 6. (I'm not sure if
it uses any BASIC IV statements which earlier ones don't understand)
The program will disassemble a machine code file on disk, for which you
can specify a pathname of up to 39 characters.
You will require a filename for the output, again up to 39 characters.
The program asks for the input file's load address, for two reasons:
1. Some games relocate themselves once loaded, as they use filing system
RAM (&E00 to &1900 or more in a BBC B). You may specify the
start address as the relocation address, so that the JSRs match up.
2. If you are hacking a ROM, it is likely that you will have copied it
to &3000 before *SAVEing it, as the filing system would get in the
way otherwise, and this facility allows you to enter the original
address.
The program then asks for the address to begin disassembly. To start
&1000 bytes into the file, simply make the start address &1000 bigger than
the load address. For the address inputs, the program weeds out non-hex
characters. I don't know if Elks can use the INSTR instruction which does
this though.
The program lastly asks for a P, E or W, to indicate whether you are
outputting to the Printer, EXEC file or Wordprocessor.Specifying W causes
the program to leave out the line feedswhen it sends lines to the file,
so that you can directly load the resultant file into a Wordprocessor,
in order to add your own comments to the code.
Specifying P leaves the line feeds in. To print the file, type:
CTRL-B
*PRINT <filename>
<RETURN>
CTRL-C
Specifying E activates the following features:
o Top and tail code is added to the EXEC file to enable the resultant
program to be run, provided the assembly address is suitable.
The possible addition of a relocation feature would enable this
address to be changed to be in user RAM, for reassembly.
The lines added are:
10 FOR pass% = 0 TO 3 STEP 3 2-pass assembly is assumed, with listing
on for error checking
20 P%= &<address> <address> is the disassembly start address
30 [OPT pass%
xx ] at the end of the file
yy NEXT pass%
o The treatment of branch instructions changes:
Instead of printing just the offset from the current address, the
destination address is output as P%-254+&xx for backward branches,
and P%+2+&xx for forward branches.
The result of this is that the branch instructions will reassemble.
Therefore relocatable code (with no JMPs or absolute data) will be
able to be recreated exactly.
If the relocation feature were added, it would still not be able to
recalculate indirect addresses for pointers, which are often initialised
by LDA#&xx : STAptr : LDA#&yy : STAptr+1, to point to &yyxx.
You will also have to recreate your own variable names.
The program now begins disassembly.
Four lines at a time of *DUMP listing are displayed, the current byte
being the top left one. The ASCII characters keep up with the hex bytes,
to help you to find strings in the file.
The memory location is in the left column. Location addresses are sent
to the output file for each instruction decoded.
You are prompted to choose what to do with the current byte:
N.B. do not press return after the O,B,W,D,S or E.
O - Opcode The program will disassemble one instruction, according
to its data file (OpcData).
The Rockwell 65C02 BBR and BBS are not yet supported. I
might add them on request.
The program finds out from the data filewhich
addressing mode the instruction uses, and decodes any
extra bytes accordingly.
The display is then updated by the number of bytes of
the instruction, and the decoded instruction is
displayed.
B - Byte The program decodes one byte as data, and prints
EQUB &<byte>.
W - Word Decoded as EQUW &<2 bytes, highest first>. Therefore
an address look-up table will allow addresses to be
read normally in the printout.
D - Double Word Decoded as EQUD &<4 bytes in reverse order>. As above.
S - String The program prompts for the length of the string.
look for the next return character, 00 byte or 0A
byte, and type in the number of characters, including
spaces, in the string, pressing RETURN.
See example below.
The display updates by the length of the string, and
EQUS "<string>" is sent to the file and displayed.
E - End End the program. The program closes the files and
terminates.
Demo Program, DADEMO:
Typing "*DADEMO" from the BASIC prompt will cause "Hello" to be printed.
Name of program to disassemble: DADEMO
Name of output file: DEMODA
Load address: &2000
Start address: &2000
Printer or WP: P
2000 08 48 8A 48 A2 00 BD 16 .H.H....
2008 20 20 EE FF E8 C9 00 D0 ......
2010 F5 68 AA 68 28 60 48 65 .h.h(`He
2018 6C 6C 6F 0A 0D 00 ** ** llo...
Key sequence for the above program:
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOS5<RETURN>WB
(no E on the end, as the program terminates automatically when it sees
the end of the input file)
00000000 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a |****************| * 00000040 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 0d 2a 20 4d 61 72 6b |*********.* Mark| 00000050 20 42 65 6c 6c 69 73 2c 20 20 31 31 38 2c 20 54 | Bellis, 118, T| 00000060 68 65 20 4c 61 77 6e 73 2c 20 20 52 6f 6c 6c 65 |he Lawns, Rolle| 00000070 73 74 6f 6e 2d 6f 6e 2d 44 6f 76 65 2c 20 20 42 |ston-on-Dove, B| 00000080 75 72 74 6f 6e 2d 6f 6e 20 54 72 65 6e 74 2c 20 |urton-on Trent, | 00000090 20 20 2a 0d 2a 20 53 74 61 66 66 73 2c 20 20 44 | *.* Staffs, D| 000000a0 45 31 33 20 39 44 45 2e 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |E13 9DE. | 000000b0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | * 000000d0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2a 0d 2a 20 | *.* | 000000e0 36 35 30 32 20 2f 20 36 35 43 31 32 20 64 69 73 |6502 / 65C12 dis| 000000f0 61 73 73 65 6d 62 6c 65 72 20 66 6f 72 20 45 55 |assembler for EU| 00000100 47 2c 20 4d 61 72 63 68 20 31 39 39 38 20 20 20 |G, March 1998 | 00000110 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 00000120 20 20 20 20 20 20 2a 0d 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a | *.********| 00000130 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a |****************| * 00000170 2a 0d 0d 57 69 74 68 20 65 78 70 65 72 69 65 6e |*..With experien| 00000180 63 65 2c 20 36 35 30 32 20 63 6f 64 65 20 69 73 |ce, 6502 code is| 00000190 20 73 69 6d 70 6c 65 20 74 6f 20 64 69 73 61 73 | simple to disas| 000001a0 73 65 6d 62 6c 65 2c 20 72 65 73 6f 72 74 69 6e |semble, resortin| 000001b0 67 20 6f 6e 6c 79 0d 6f 63 63 61 73 69 6f 6e 61 |g only.occasiona| 000001c0 6c 6c 79 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 66 65 72 |lly to the refer| 000001d0 65 6e 63 65 20 6d 61 6e 75 61 6c 20 66 6f 72 20 |ence manual for | 000001e0 74 68 65 20 74 61 62 6c 65 20 6f 66 20 6f 70 63 |the table of opc| 000001f0 6f 64 65 73 2e 0d 0d 48 6f 77 65 76 65 72 2c 20 |odes...However, | 00000200 64 69 73 61 73 73 65 6d 62 6c 69 6e 67 20 61 20 |disassembling a | 00000210 2a 44 55 4d 50 20 6c 69 73 74 69 6e 67 20 69 73 |*DUMP listing is| 00000220 20 74 69 6d 65 20 63 6f 6e 73 75 6d 69 6e 67 2c | time consuming,| 00000230 20 65 73 70 65 63 69 61 6c 6c 79 20 77 68 65 6e | especially when| 00000240 0d 79 6f 75 20 77 61 6e 74 20 74 6f 20 64 65 63 |.you want to dec| 00000250 6f 64 65 20 61 20 77 68 6f 6c 65 20 31 36 4b 20 |ode a whole 16K | 00000260 52 4f 4d 20 66 75 6c 6c 2e 0d 0d 49 6e 20 61 6e |ROM full...In an| 00000270 73 77 65 72 20 74 6f 20 74 68 69 73 20 70 72 6f |swer to this pro| 00000280 62 6c 65 6d 2c 20 49 20 68 61 76 65 20 77 72 69 |blem, I have wri| 00000290 74 74 65 6e 20 61 20 64 69 73 61 73 73 65 6d 62 |tten a disassemb| 000002a0 6c 65 72 20 69 6e 20 42 41 53 49 43 2c 20 77 69 |ler in BASIC, wi| 000002b0 74 68 20 61 6e 0d 61 74 74 65 6d 70 74 20 74 6f |th an.attempt to| 000002c0 20 6d 61 6b 65 20 69 74 20 63 6f 6d 70 61 74 69 | make it compati| 000002d0 62 6c 65 20 77 69 74 68 20 45 6c 6b 73 20 62 79 |ble with Elks by| 000002e0 20 75 73 69 6e 67 20 4d 6f 64 65 20 36 2e 20 20 | using Mode 6. | 000002f0 28 49 27 6d 20 6e 6f 74 20 73 75 72 65 20 69 66 |(I'm not sure if| 00000300 0d 69 74 20 75 73 65 73 20 61 6e 79 20 42 41 53 |.it uses any BAS| 00000310 49 43 20 49 56 20 73 74 61 74 65 6d 65 6e 74 73 |IC IV statements| 00000320 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 65 61 72 6c 69 65 72 20 6f | which earlier o| 00000330 6e 65 73 20 64 6f 6e 27 74 20 75 6e 64 65 72 73 |nes don't unders| 00000340 74 61 6e 64 29 0d 0d 54 68 65 1a 20 70 72 6f 67 |tand)..The. prog| 00000350 72 61 6d 1a 20 77 69 6c 6c 1a 20 64 69 73 61 73 |ram. will. disas| 00000360 73 65 6d 62 6c 65 20 61 20 6d 61 63 68 69 6e 65 |semble a machine| 00000370 20 63 6f 64 65 20 66 69 6c 65 20 6f 6e 20 64 69 | code file on di| 00000380 73 6b 2c 20 66 6f 72 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 79 6f |sk, for which yo| 00000390 75 0d 63 61 6e 20 73 70 65 63 69 66 79 20 61 20 |u.can specify a | 000003a0 70 61 74 68 6e 61 6d 65 20 6f 66 20 75 70 20 74 |pathname of up t| 000003b0 6f 20 33 39 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 72 73 2e |o 39 characters.| 000003c0 0d 0d 59 6f 75 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 72 65 71 75 69 |..You will requi| 000003d0 72 65 20 61 20 66 69 6c 65 6e 61 6d 65 20 66 6f |re a filename fo| 000003e0 72 20 74 68 65 20 6f 75 74 70 75 74 2c 20 61 67 |r the output, ag| 000003f0 61 69 6e 20 75 70 20 74 6f 20 33 39 20 63 68 61 |ain up to 39 cha| 00000400 72 61 63 74 65 72 73 2e 0d 0d 54 68 65 20 70 72 |racters...The pr| 00000410 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 61 73 6b 73 20 66 6f 72 20 74 |ogram asks for t| 00000420 68 65 20 69 6e 70 75 74 20 66 69 6c 65 27 73 20 |he input file's | 00000430 6c 6f 61 64 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 2c 20 66 6f |load address, fo| 00000440 72 20 74 77 6f 20 72 65 61 73 6f 6e 73 3a 0d 0d |r two reasons:..| 00000450 20 20 31 2e 20 53 6f 6d 65 20 67 61 6d 65 73 20 | 1. Some games | 00000460 72 65 6c 6f 63 61 74 65 20 74 68 65 6d 73 65 6c |relocate themsel| 00000470 76 65 73 20 6f 6e 63 65 20 6c 6f 61 64 65 64 2c |ves once loaded,| 00000480 20 61 73 20 74 68 65 79 20 75 73 65 20 66 69 6c | as they use fil| 00000490 69 6e 67 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 |ing system. | 000004a0 52 41 4d 20 28 26 45 30 30 20 74 6f 20 26 31 39 |RAM (&E00 to &19| 000004b0 30 30 20 6f 72 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 69 6e 20 61 20 |00 or more in a | 000004c0 42 42 43 20 42 29 2e 20 20 59 6f 75 20 6d 61 79 |BBC B). You may| 000004d0 20 73 70 65 63 69 66 79 20 74 68 65 0d 20 20 20 | specify the. | 000004e0 20 20 73 74 61 72 74 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 | start address | 000004f0 61 73 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 6c 6f 63 61 74 69 6f |as the relocatio| 00000500 6e 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 2c 20 73 6f 20 74 68 |n address, so th| 00000510 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 4a 53 52 73 20 6d 61 74 63 |at the JSRs matc| 00000520 68 20 75 70 2e 0d 0d 20 20 32 2e 20 49 66 20 79 |h up... 2. If y| 00000530 6f 75 20 61 72 65 20 68 61 63 6b 69 6e 67 20 61 |ou are hacking a| 00000540 20 52 4f 4d 2c 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 6c 69 6b 65 | ROM, it is like| 00000550 6c 79 20 74 68 61 74 20 79 6f 75 20 77 69 6c 6c |ly that you will| 00000560 20 68 61 76 65 20 63 6f 70 69 65 64 20 69 74 0d | have copied it.| 00000570 20 20 20 20 20 74 6f 20 26 33 30 30 30 20 62 65 | to &3000 be| 00000580 66 6f 72 65 20 2a 53 41 56 45 69 6e 67 20 69 74 |fore *SAVEing it| 00000590 2c 20 61 73 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 6c 69 6e 67 20 |, as the filing | 000005a0 73 79 73 74 65 6d 20 77 6f 75 6c 64 20 67 65 74 |system would get| 000005b0 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 0d 20 20 20 20 20 77 61 79 | in the. way| 000005c0 20 6f 74 68 65 72 77 69 73 65 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 | otherwise, and | 000005d0 74 68 69 73 20 66 61 63 69 6c 69 74 79 20 61 6c |this facility al| 000005e0 6c 6f 77 73 20 79 6f 75 20 74 6f 20 65 6e 74 65 |lows you to ente| 000005f0 72 20 74 68 65 20 6f 72 69 67 69 6e 61 6c 0d 20 |r the original. | 00000600 20 20 20 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 2e 0d 0d 54 68 | address...Th| 00000610 65 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 74 68 65 6e 20 61 |e program then a| 00000620 73 6b 73 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 61 64 64 72 |sks for the addr| 00000630 65 73 73 20 74 6f 20 62 65 67 69 6e 20 64 69 73 |ess to begin dis| 00000640 61 73 73 65 6d 62 6c 79 2e 20 20 54 6f 20 73 74 |assembly. To st| 00000650 61 72 74 0d 26 31 30 30 30 20 62 79 74 65 73 20 |art.&1000 bytes | 00000660 69 6e 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 6c 65 2c 20 73 |into the file, s| 00000670 69 6d 70 6c 79 20 6d 61 6b 65 20 74 68 65 20 73 |imply make the s| 00000680 74 61 72 74 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 26 31 30 |tart address &10| 00000690 30 30 20 62 69 67 67 65 72 20 74 68 61 6e 0d 74 |00 bigger than.t| 000006a0 68 65 20 6c 6f 61 64 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 2e |he load address.| 000006b0 20 20 46 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 | For the addres| 000006c0 73 20 69 6e 70 75 74 73 2c 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 |s inputs, the pr| 000006d0 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 77 65 65 64 73 20 6f 75 74 20 |ogram weeds out | 000006e0 6e 6f 6e 2d 68 65 78 0d 63 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 |non-hex.characte| 000006f0 72 73 2e 20 20 49 20 64 6f 6e 27 74 20 6b 6e 6f |rs. I don't kno| 00000700 77 20 69 66 20 45 6c 6b 73 20 63 61 6e 20 75 73 |w if Elks can us| 00000710 65 20 74 68 65 20 49 4e 53 54 52 20 69 6e 73 74 |e the INSTR inst| 00000720 72 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 64 6f |ruction which do| 00000730 65 73 0d 74 68 69 73 20 74 68 6f 75 67 68 2e 0d |es.this though..| 00000740 0d 54 68 65 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 6c 61 73 |.The program las| 00000750 74 6c 79 1a 20 61 73 6b 73 1a 20 66 6f 72 1a 20 |tly. asks. for. | 00000760 61 1a 20 50 2c 20 45 20 20 6f 72 1a 20 57 2c 20 |a. P, E or. W, | 00000770 74 6f 20 69 6e 64 69 63 61 74 65 20 77 68 65 74 |to indicate whet| 00000780 68 65 72 20 79 6f 75 20 61 72 65 0d 6f 75 74 70 |her you are.outp| 00000790 75 74 74 69 6e 67 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 50 72 |utting to the Pr| 000007a0 69 6e 74 65 72 2c 20 45 58 45 43 20 66 69 6c 65 |inter, EXEC file| 000007b0 20 6f 72 20 57 6f 72 64 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 6f | or Wordprocesso| 000007c0 72 2e 1a 53 70 65 63 69 66 79 69 6e 67 20 57 20 |r..Specifying W | 000007d0 63 61 75 73 65 73 0d 74 68 65 20 70 72 6f 67 72 |causes.the progr| 000007e0 61 6d 20 74 6f 20 6c 65 61 76 65 20 6f 75 74 20 |am to leave out | 000007f0 74 68 65 20 6c 69 6e 65 20 66 65 65 64 73 1a 77 |the line feeds.w| 00000800 68 65 6e 1a 20 69 74 1a 20 73 65 6e 64 73 20 6c |hen. it. sends l| 00000810 69 6e 65 73 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 6c 65 |ines to the file| 00000820 2c 0d 73 6f 20 20 74 68 61 74 1a 20 79 6f 75 1a |,.so that. you.| 00000830 20 63 61 6e 20 64 69 72 65 63 74 6c 79 20 6c 6f | can directly lo| 00000840 61 64 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 73 75 6c 74 61 6e 74 |ad the resultant| 00000850 20 66 69 6c 65 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 61 1a 20 57 6f | file into a. Wo| 00000860 72 64 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 6f 72 2c 0d 69 6e 20 |rdprocessor,.in | 00000870 6f 72 64 65 72 20 74 6f 20 61 64 64 20 79 6f 75 |order to add you| 00000880 72 20 6f 77 6e 20 63 6f 6d 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 74 |r own comments t| 00000890 6f 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f 64 65 2e 0d 0d 53 70 65 |o the code...Spe| 000008a0 63 69 66 79 69 6e 67 20 50 20 6c 65 61 76 65 73 |cifying P leaves| 000008b0 20 74 68 65 20 6c 69 6e 65 20 66 65 65 64 73 20 | the line feeds | 000008c0 69 6e 2e 20 20 54 6f 20 70 72 69 6e 74 20 74 68 |in. To print th| 000008d0 65 20 66 69 6c 65 2c 20 74 79 70 65 3a 0d 43 54 |e file, type:.CT| 000008e0 52 4c 2d 42 0d 2a 50 52 49 4e 54 20 3c 66 69 6c |RL-B.*PRINT <fil| 000008f0 65 6e 61 6d 65 3e 0d 3c 52 45 54 55 52 4e 3e 0d |ename>.<RETURN>.| 00000900 43 54 52 4c 2d 43 0d 0d 53 70 65 63 69 66 79 69 |CTRL-C..Specifyi| 00000910 6e 67 20 45 20 61 63 74 69 76 61 74 65 73 20 74 |ng E activates t| 00000920 68 65 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 69 6e 67 20 66 65 61 |he following fea| 00000930 74 75 72 65 73 3a 0d 0d 6f 20 54 6f 70 20 61 6e |tures:..o Top an| 00000940 64 20 74 61 69 6c 20 63 6f 64 65 20 69 73 20 61 |d tail code is a| 00000950 64 64 65 64 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 45 58 45 43 |dded to the EXEC| 00000960 20 66 69 6c 65 20 74 6f 20 65 6e 61 62 6c 65 20 | file to enable | 00000970 74 68 65 20 72 65 73 75 6c 74 61 6e 74 0d 20 20 |the resultant. | 00000980 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 72 75 |program to be ru| 00000990 6e 2c 20 70 72 6f 76 69 64 65 64 20 74 68 65 20 |n, provided the | 000009a0 61 73 73 65 6d 62 6c 79 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 |assembly address| 000009b0 20 69 73 20 73 75 69 74 61 62 6c 65 2e 0d 20 20 | is suitable.. | 000009c0 54 68 65 20 70 6f 73 73 69 62 6c 65 20 61 64 64 |The possible add| 000009d0 69 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 61 20 72 65 6c 6f 63 |ition of a reloc| 000009e0 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 66 65 61 74 75 72 65 20 77 6f |ation feature wo| 000009f0 75 6c 64 20 65 6e 61 62 6c 65 20 74 68 69 73 0d |uld enable this.| 00000a00 20 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 | address to be | 00000a10 63 68 61 6e 67 65 64 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 69 6e |changed to be in| 00000a20 20 75 73 65 72 20 52 41 4d 2c 20 66 6f 72 20 72 | user RAM, for r| 00000a30 65 61 73 73 65 6d 62 6c 79 2e 0d 0d 20 20 54 68 |eassembly... Th| 00000a40 65 20 6c 69 6e 65 73 20 61 64 64 65 64 20 61 72 |e lines added ar| 00000a50 65 3a 0d 20 20 31 30 20 46 4f 52 20 70 61 73 73 |e:. 10 FOR pass| 00000a60 25 20 3d 20 30 20 54 4f 20 33 20 53 54 45 50 20 |% = 0 TO 3 STEP | 00000a70 33 20 20 32 2d 70 61 73 73 20 61 73 73 65 6d 62 |3 2-pass assemb| 00000a80 6c 79 20 69 73 20 61 73 73 75 6d 65 64 2c 20 77 |ly is assumed, w| 00000a90 69 74 68 20 6c 69 73 74 69 6e 67 0d 20 20 20 20 |ith listing. | 00000aa0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 00000ab0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 6f 6e 20 66 | on f| 00000ac0 6f 72 20 65 72 72 6f 72 20 63 68 65 63 6b 69 6e |or error checkin| 00000ad0 67 0d 20 20 32 30 20 50 25 3d 20 26 3c 61 64 64 |g. 20 P%= &<add| 00000ae0 72 65 73 73 3e 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ress> | 00000af0 20 20 3c 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 3e 20 69 73 20 74 | <address> is t| 00000b00 68 65 20 64 69 73 61 73 73 65 6d 62 6c 79 20 73 |he disassembly s| 00000b10 74 61 72 74 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 0d 20 20 33 |tart address. 3| 00000b20 30 20 5b 4f 50 54 20 70 61 73 73 25 0d 0d 20 20 |0 [OPT pass%.. | 00000b30 78 78 20 5d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |xx ] | 00000b40 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 61 74 | at| 00000b50 20 74 68 65 20 65 6e 64 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 | the end of the | 00000b60 66 69 6c 65 0d 20 20 79 79 20 4e 45 58 54 20 70 |file. yy NEXT p| 00000b70 61 73 73 25 0d 0d 6f 20 54 68 65 20 74 72 65 61 |ass%..o The trea| 00000b80 74 6d 65 6e 74 20 6f 66 20 62 72 61 6e 63 68 20 |tment of branch | 00000b90 69 6e 73 74 72 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 63 68 61 |instructions cha| 00000ba0 6e 67 65 73 3a 0d 0d 20 20 49 6e 73 74 65 61 64 |nges:.. Instead| 00000bb0 20 6f 66 20 70 72 69 6e 74 69 6e 67 20 6a 75 73 | of printing jus| 00000bc0 74 20 74 68 65 20 6f 66 66 73 65 74 20 66 72 6f |t the offset fro| 00000bd0 6d 20 74 68 65 20 63 75 72 72 65 6e 74 20 61 64 |m the current ad| 00000be0 64 72 65 73 73 2c 20 74 68 65 0d 20 20 64 65 73 |dress, the. des| 00000bf0 74 69 6e 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 |tination address| 00000c00 20 69 73 20 6f 75 74 70 75 74 20 61 73 20 50 25 | is output as P%| 00000c10 2d 32 35 34 2b 26 78 78 20 66 6f 72 20 62 61 63 |-254+&xx for bac| 00000c20 6b 77 61 72 64 20 62 72 61 6e 63 68 65 73 2c 0d |kward branches,.| 00000c30 20 20 61 6e 64 20 50 25 2b 32 2b 26 78 78 20 66 | and P%+2+&xx f| 00000c40 6f 72 20 66 6f 72 77 61 72 64 20 62 72 61 6e 63 |or forward branc| 00000c50 68 65 73 2e 0d 0d 20 20 54 68 65 20 72 65 73 75 |hes... The resu| 00000c60 6c 74 20 6f 66 20 74 68 69 73 20 69 73 20 74 68 |lt of this is th| 00000c70 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 62 72 61 6e 63 68 20 69 6e |at the branch in| 00000c80 73 74 72 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 |structions will | 00000c90 72 65 61 73 73 65 6d 62 6c 65 2e 0d 20 20 54 68 |reassemble.. Th| 00000ca0 65 72 65 66 6f 72 65 20 72 65 6c 6f 63 61 74 61 |erefore relocata| 00000cb0 62 6c 65 20 63 6f 64 65 20 28 77 69 74 68 20 6e |ble code (with n| 00000cc0 6f 20 4a 4d 50 73 20 6f 72 20 61 62 73 6f 6c 75 |o JMPs or absolu| 00000cd0 74 65 20 64 61 74 61 29 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 |te data) will be| 00000ce0 0d 20 20 61 62 6c 65 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 72 65 |. able to be re| 00000cf0 63 72 65 61 74 65 64 20 65 78 61 63 74 6c 79 2e |created exactly.| 00000d00 0d 0d 20 20 49 66 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 6c 6f 63 |.. If the reloc| 00000d10 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 66 65 61 74 75 72 65 20 77 65 |ation feature we| 00000d20 72 65 20 61 64 64 65 64 2c 20 69 74 20 77 6f 75 |re added, it wou| 00000d30 6c 64 20 73 74 69 6c 6c 20 6e 6f 74 20 62 65 20 |ld still not be | 00000d40 61 62 6c 65 20 74 6f 0d 20 20 72 65 63 61 6c 63 |able to. recalc| 00000d50 75 6c 61 74 65 20 69 6e 64 69 72 65 63 74 20 61 |ulate indirect a| 00000d60 64 64 72 65 73 73 65 73 20 66 6f 72 20 70 6f 69 |ddresses for poi| 00000d70 6e 74 65 72 73 2c 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 61 72 65 |nters, which are| 00000d80 20 6f 66 74 65 6e 20 69 6e 69 74 69 61 6c 69 73 | often initialis| 00000d90 65 64 0d 20 20 62 79 20 4c 44 41 23 26 78 78 20 |ed. by LDA#&xx | 00000da0 3a 20 53 54 41 70 74 72 20 3a 20 4c 44 41 23 26 |: STAptr : LDA#&| 00000db0 79 79 20 3a 20 53 54 41 70 74 72 2b 31 2c 20 74 |yy : STAptr+1, t| 00000dc0 6f 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 20 74 6f 20 26 79 79 78 78 |o point to &yyxx| 00000dd0 2e 0d 0d 20 20 59 6f 75 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 61 6c |... You will al| 00000de0 73 6f 20 68 61 76 65 20 74 6f 20 72 65 63 72 65 |so have to recre| 00000df0 61 74 65 20 79 6f 75 72 20 6f 77 6e 20 76 61 72 |ate your own var| 00000e00 69 61 62 6c 65 20 6e 61 6d 65 73 2e 0d 0d 54 68 |iable names...Th| 00000e10 65 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 6e 6f 77 20 62 65 |e program now be| 00000e20 67 69 6e 73 20 64 69 73 61 73 73 65 6d 62 6c 79 |gins disassembly| 00000e30 2e 0d 0d 46 6f 75 72 20 6c 69 6e 65 73 20 61 74 |...Four lines at| 00000e40 1a 20 61 1a 20 74 69 6d 65 1a 20 6f 66 1a 20 2a |. a. time. of. *| 00000e50 44 55 4d 50 1a 20 6c 69 73 74 69 6e 67 20 61 72 |DUMP. listing ar| 00000e60 65 20 64 69 73 70 6c 61 79 65 64 2c 20 74 68 65 |e displayed, the| 00000e70 20 63 75 72 72 65 6e 74 20 62 79 74 65 0d 62 65 | current byte.be| 00000e80 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 74 6f 70 20 6c 65 66 74 |ing the top left| 00000e90 20 6f 6e 65 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 41 53 43 49 49 | one. 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Lo| 00000f20 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 65 73 |cation addresses| 00000f30 20 61 72 65 20 73 65 6e 74 0d 74 6f 20 74 68 65 | are sent.to the| 00000f40 20 6f 75 74 70 75 74 20 66 69 6c 65 20 66 6f 72 | output file for| 00000f50 20 65 61 63 68 20 69 6e 73 74 72 75 63 74 69 6f | each instructio| 00000f60 6e 20 64 65 63 6f 64 65 64 2e 0d 0d 59 6f 75 20 |n decoded...You | 00000f70 61 72 65 20 70 72 6f 6d 70 74 65 64 20 74 6f 20 |are prompted to | 00000f80 63 68 6f 6f 73 65 20 77 68 61 74 20 74 6f 20 64 |choose what to d| 00000f90 6f 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 20 63 75 72 72 65 |o with the curre| 00000fa0 6e 74 20 62 79 74 65 3a 0d 4e 2e 42 2e 20 64 6f |nt byte:.N.B. do| 00000fb0 20 6e 6f 74 20 70 72 65 73 73 20 72 65 74 75 72 | not press retur| 00000fc0 6e 20 61 66 74 65 72 20 74 68 65 20 4f 2c 42 2c |n after the O,B,| 00000fd0 57 2c 44 2c 53 20 6f 72 20 45 2e 0d 0d 20 20 4f |W,D,S or E... O| 00000fe0 20 2d 20 4f 70 63 6f 64 65 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | - Opcode | 00000ff0 54 68 65 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 77 69 6c 6c |The program will| 00001000 20 64 69 73 61 73 73 65 6d 62 6c 65 20 6f 6e 65 | disassemble one| 00001010 20 69 6e 73 74 72 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 2c 20 61 63 | instruction, ac| 00001020 63 6f 72 64 69 6e 67 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |cording. | 00001030 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 74 6f 20 69 74 | to it| 00001040 73 20 64 61 74 61 20 66 69 6c 65 20 28 4f 70 63 |s data file (Opc| 00001050 44 61 74 61 29 2e 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |Data).. | 00001060 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 54 68 65 20 52 6f | The Ro| 00001070 63 6b 77 65 6c 6c 20 36 35 43 30 32 20 42 42 52 |ckwell 65C02 BBR| 00001080 20 61 6e 64 20 42 42 53 20 61 72 65 20 6e 6f 74 | and BBS are not| 00001090 20 79 65 74 20 73 75 70 70 6f 72 74 65 64 2e 20 | yet supported. | 000010a0 49 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |I. | 000010b0 20 20 20 20 20 6d 69 67 68 74 20 61 64 64 20 74 | might add t| 000010c0 68 65 6d 20 6f 6e 20 72 65 71 75 65 73 74 2e 0d |hem on request..| 000010d0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 000010e0 20 20 20 54 68 65 1a 1a 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d | The.. program| 000010f0 1a 1a 20 66 69 6e 64 73 1a 20 6f 75 74 1a 20 66 |.. finds. out. f| 00001100 72 6f 6d 1a 20 74 68 65 1a 20 64 61 74 61 1a 20 |rom. the. data. | 00001110 66 69 6c 65 1a 77 68 69 63 68 0d 20 20 20 20 20 |file.which. | 00001120 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 61 64 | ad| 00001130 64 72 65 73 73 69 6e 67 20 6d 6f 64 65 20 74 68 |dressing mode th| 00001140 65 20 69 6e 73 74 72 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 75 73 |e instruction us| 00001150 65 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 64 65 63 6f 64 65 73 20 |es, and decodes | 00001160 61 6e 79 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |any. | 00001170 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 65 78 74 72 61 20 62 79 74 | extra byt| 00001180 65 73 20 61 63 63 6f 72 64 69 6e 67 6c 79 2e 0d |es accordingly..| 00001190 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 000011a0 20 20 20 54 68 65 20 64 69 73 70 6c 61 79 20 69 | The display i| 000011b0 73 20 74 68 65 6e 20 75 70 64 61 74 65 64 20 62 |s then updated b| 000011c0 79 20 74 68 65 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 6f 66 20 |y the number of | 000011d0 62 79 74 65 73 20 6f 66 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |bytes of. | 000011e0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 74 68 65 20 | the | 000011f0 69 6e 73 74 72 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 2c 20 61 6e 64 |instruction, and| 00001200 20 74 68 65 20 64 65 63 6f 64 65 64 20 69 6e 73 | the decoded ins| 00001210 74 72 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 69 73 0d 20 20 20 20 |truction is. | 00001220 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 64 | d| 00001230 69 73 70 6c 61 79 65 64 2e 0d 0d 20 20 42 20 2d |isplayed... B -| 00001240 20 42 79 74 65 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 54 68 | Byte Th| 00001250 65 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 64 65 63 6f 64 65 |e program decode| 00001260 73 20 6f 6e 65 20 62 79 74 65 20 61 73 20 64 61 |s one byte as da| 00001270 74 61 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 70 72 69 6e 74 73 0d 20 |ta, and prints. | 00001280 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 00001290 20 20 45 51 55 42 20 26 3c 62 79 74 65 3e 2e 0d | EQUB &<byte>..| 000012a0 0d 20 20 57 20 2d 20 57 6f 72 64 20 20 20 20 20 |. W - Word | 000012b0 20 20 20 20 44 65 63 6f 64 65 64 20 61 73 20 45 | Decoded as E| 000012c0 51 55 57 20 26 3c 32 20 62 79 74 65 73 2c 20 68 |QUW &<2 bytes, h| 000012d0 69 67 68 65 73 74 20 66 69 72 73 74 3e 2e 20 20 |ighest first>. | 000012e0 54 68 65 72 65 66 6f 72 65 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 |Therefore. | 000012f0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 61 6e 20 | an | 00001300 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 6c 6f 6f 6b 2d 75 70 20 |address look-up | 00001310 74 61 62 6c 65 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 61 6c 6c 6f 77 |table will allow| 00001320 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 65 73 20 74 6f 20 62 65 | addresses to be| 00001330 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |. | 00001340 20 20 20 20 72 65 61 64 20 6e 6f 72 6d 61 6c 6c | read normall| 00001350 79 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 69 6e 74 6f 75 |y in the printou| 00001360 74 2e 0d 0d 20 20 44 20 2d 20 44 6f 75 62 6c 65 |t... D - Double| 00001370 20 57 6f 72 64 20 20 44 65 63 6f 64 65 64 20 61 | Word Decoded a| 00001380 73 20 45 51 55 44 20 26 3c 34 20 62 79 74 65 73 |s EQUD &<4 bytes| 00001390 20 69 6e 20 72 65 76 65 72 73 65 20 6f 72 64 65 | in reverse orde| 000013a0 72 3e 2e 20 41 73 20 61 62 6f 76 65 2e 0d 0d 20 |r>. 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E - End | 00001580 20 20 20 20 20 45 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 6f | End the pro| 00001590 67 72 61 6d 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 70 72 6f 67 72 |gram. The progr| 000015a0 61 6d 20 63 6c 6f 73 65 73 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 |am closes the fi| 000015b0 6c 65 73 20 61 6e 64 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |les and. | 000015c0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 74 65 72 6d 69 | termi| 000015d0 6e 61 74 65 73 2e 0d 0d 44 65 6d 6f 20 50 72 6f |nates...Demo Pro| 000015e0 67 72 61 6d 2c 20 44 41 44 45 4d 4f 3a 0d 0d 54 |gram, DADEMO:..T| 000015f0 79 70 69 6e 67 20 22 2a 44 41 44 45 4d 4f 22 20 |yping "*DADEMO" | 00001600 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 20 42 41 53 49 43 20 70 |from the BASIC p| 00001610 72 6f 6d 70 74 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 63 61 75 73 65 |rompt will cause| 00001620 20 22 48 65 6c 6c 6f 22 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 70 | "Hello" to be p| 00001630 72 69 6e 74 65 64 2e 0d 0d 4e 61 6d 65 20 6f 66 |rinted...Name of| 00001640 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 74 6f 20 64 69 73 61 | program to disa| 00001650 73 73 65 6d 62 6c 65 3a 20 44 41 44 45 4d 4f 0d |ssemble: DADEMO.| 00001660 4e 61 6d 65 20 6f 66 20 6f 75 74 70 75 74 20 66 |Name of output f| 00001670 69 6c 65 3a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ile: | 00001680 44 45 4d 4f 44 41 0d 4c 6f 61 64 20 61 64 64 72 |DEMODA.Load addr| 00001690 65 73 73 3a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ess: | 000016a0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 26 32 30 30 30 0d 53 74 61 | &2000.Sta| 000016b0 72 74 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 3a 20 20 20 20 20 |rt address: | 000016c0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 26 32 30 | &20| 000016d0 30 30 0d 50 72 69 6e 74 65 72 20 6f 72 20 57 50 |00.Printer or WP| 000016e0 3a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |: | 000016f0 20 20 20 50 0d 0d 32 30 30 30 20 20 30 38 20 34 | P..2000 08 4| 00001700 38 20 38 41 20 34 38 20 41 32 20 30 30 20 42 44 |8 8A 48 A2 00 BD| 00001710 20 31 36 20 20 2e 48 2e 48 2e 2e 2e 2e 0d 32 30 | 16 .H.H.....20| 00001720 30 38 20 20 32 30 20 32 30 20 45 45 20 46 46 20 |08 20 20 EE FF | 00001730 45 38 20 43 39 20 30 30 20 44 30 20 20 20 20 2e |E8 C9 00 D0 .| 00001740 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e 0d 32 30 31 30 20 20 46 35 20 36 |......2010 F5 6| 00001750 38 20 41 41 20 36 38 20 32 38 20 36 30 20 34 38 |8 AA 68 28 60 48| 00001760 20 36 35 20 20 2e 68 2e 68 28 60 48 65 0d 32 30 | 65 .h.h(`He.20| 00001770 31 38 20 20 36 43 20 36 43 20 36 46 20 30 41 20 |18 6C 6C 6F 0A | 00001780 30 44 20 30 30 20 2a 2a 20 2a 2a 20 20 6c 6c 6f |0D 00 ** ** llo| 00001790 2e 2e 2e 0d 0d 4b 65 79 20 73 65 71 75 65 6e 63 |.....Key sequenc| 000017a0 65 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 61 62 6f 76 65 20 |e for the above | 000017b0 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 3a 0d 4f 4f 4f 4f 4f 4f 4f |program:.OOOOOOO| 000017c0 4f 4f 4f 4f 4f 4f 4f 4f 53 35 3c 52 45 54 55 52 |OOOOOOOOS5<RETUR| 000017d0 4e 3e 57 42 0d 28 6e 6f 20 45 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 |N>WB.(no E on th| 000017e0 65 20 65 6e 64 2c 20 61 73 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 |e end, as the pr| 000017f0 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 74 65 72 6d 69 6e 61 74 65 73 |ogram terminates| 00001800 20 61 75 74 6f 6d 61 74 69 63 61 6c 6c 79 20 77 | automatically w| 00001810 68 65 6e 20 69 74 20 73 65 65 73 0d 74 68 65 20 |hen it sees.the | 00001820 65 6e 64 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 69 6e 70 75 74 |end of the input| 00001830 20 66 69 6c 65 29 0d 0d | file)..| 00001838
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