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22-01-88/TP\INF
This website contains an archive of files for the Acorn Electron, BBC Micro, Acorn Archimedes, Commodore 16 and Commodore 64 computers, which Dominic Ford has rescued from his private collection of floppy disks and cassettes.
Some of these files were originally commercial releases in the 1980s and 1990s, but they are now widely available online. I assume that copyright over them is no longer being asserted. If you own the copyright and would like files to be removed, please contact me.
| Tape/disk: | Home » CEEFAX disks » telesoftware5.adl |
| Filename: | 22-01-88/TP\INF |
| Read OK: | ✔ |
| File size: | 40A2 bytes |
| Load address: | 0000 |
| Exec address: | 0000 |
File contents
TELEPRINTER
Teletext pages can sometimes be frustrating, many information pages are
broadcast twice and reading a magazine made up of rolling pages can
involve more waiting than reading. Saving a series of pages to disc is
excessively tedious, and unless you have ADFS only 31 pages can be saved
on a disc, and even the ADFS is not hassle free.
What is needed is a program that will :-
a) Automatically save a series of pages to disc ready to be reloaded for
viewing at the users normal reading speed.
b) Give an instant hard copy at the press of a key.
c) Save as many Teletext pages on disc as the available storage space
will allow.
d) Incorporate a built in printer buffer to avoid waiting for the next
page to be displayed.
e) Work quite happily with either the Teletext Filing System or the new
ATS.
f) Cope with data corruption because of poor reception without crashing.
The program has taken me a little time to write and test, well to be
honest quite a long time - far too long in fact. The final version (mark
7) now satisfies all my original requirements, and in two respects
performs better than expected. When I started I never seriously thought it
would be possible to cram more than 100 Teletext pages onto one 100K disc,
and I did not envisage incorporating an editing routine. I am also quite
smug about the amount of built in "idiot proofing", you can call it "user
friendly" if you insist, I prefer the first phrase as I frequently need
protection from my own idiocy.
Satisfying the first requirement was my initial target which would not
have been too hard but for the need to maintain compatibility with both
the ATS and the TFS. Because the TFS is a filing system it is nescessary
to select the DFS before saving and reselect the TFS afterwards, the
problem is that changing the filing system appears to reset the ON ERROR
pointer, and my original version relied heavily on disc error handling.
Much cursing, swearing and kicking the waste paper basket round the room
ensued before the penny finally dropped, the solution is to reset the ON
ERROR statement when reselecting the TFS, see PROCtsoft. The second
difficulty is that it is nescessary to detect which sub-page number is
being downloaded. This information is "hamming encoded". Both systems
provide Osword calls to do the decoding for you, but they are incompatible
with each other. Much peaking, poking and experimenting was required
before FNham could be written to replace these Osword calls. The final
version can be left to download a complete series of rolling pages
automatically, leaving you free to watch the telly. I use an amended
version to save all the Telesoft magazine pages to disc every friday,
ready for viewing when I come back from doing the shopping.
The instant printout routine caused no compatibility difficulties, but
the complexity of interpreting Teletext control codes in order to
eliminate graphics and control characters resulted in a basic routine
stuffed full of IF's and GOTO's. These commands are very slow and the need
to test all 960 characters on the screen resulted in the printout being
far from "instant". The solution is, of course, machine code and the
decoding delay is now barely perceptable. This code also converts the
pound, half, hash, quarter, three quarter and divide characters from the
Teletext value into the appropriate printer codes. You may need to
customise these codes to suit your printer, these are clearly marked with
a REM statement in listing one.
The method of disc storage has changed many times in the development of
the TELEPRINTER program, I initially used a simple *SAVE routine and
quickly hit the 31 file barrier. The initial answer to this was to read
and write disc sectors directly, using Osword &7F and with sectors 0 and 1
set up as a customised directory. This increased the maximum number of
pages on a 100K disc to 99 but this method has three serious drawbacks.
Firstly it is a non standard disc format which cannot be *CATalogued, but
more seriously it was totally inflexible, having a fixed storage capacity
regardless of disc format. Also this Osword call can only handle whole 256
byte sectors four of which are needed for each screen, as a teletext
screen can be stored in just 960 bytes this leaves the tail end of every
four sectors unused. The ideal system would use the standard DFS commands
to automatically expand itself to use the maximum storage capacity
regardless of the disc format, and store screens continuously across
sector boundaries.
The final solution was to *SAVE a seperate index file "TPINDEX", which
would be used to keep track of a random access file called "SCREENS". This
file is initialised with OPENOUT and then extended by increasing the file
pointer (PTR#) by 960 byte increments until a disc full error is
generated, at which point the file is closed and the maximum number of
files noted. This method takes greatest advantage of the available disc
space and is compatible not only with 40 or 80 track systems and with
single or double density but also with the ADFS, which treats both sides
of a double sided disc as a continuous surface. An 80 track double sided
disc using Acorn's own ADFS can store a maximum of 678 screens, other
double density systems, using 18 sectors per track instead of 16, can
achieve a massive 764 screens per disc (see fig. 1).
The program has been split into two halves in order to leave the maximum
space for a printer buffer. This is an ideal application for the I/O
printer buffer broadcast last week. This buffer is 10.25K (prints 12
screens before stopping) with the TFS, or 12.75k (15 screens) using the
ATS, the length being automatically adjusted according to the value of
PAGE. This has been incorporated in listing one which also includes the
printout code, note the alterations to the zero-page addresses, this is
because the ATS uses the same area of memory originally allocated to the
printer buffer. Although the ATS leaves these zero-page values as it finds
them, the buffer code can interrupt the ATS and access these locations
before the original values are restored. The amended buffer program will
assemble the code, turn on the buffer and then chain the TELEPRINTER
program. Alternatively you can use a sideways ram printer buffer, which
should print at least 18 screens before finally grinding to a halt.
The program contains no hardware specific commands, uses only well
documented operating system calls and keeps all machine code above PAGE,
as a result it is not only compatible with both teletext roms but also
with the BBC, BBC+ and MASTER. It should also be possible to convert it to
work with non-Acorn Teletext Adapters.
It is most important to keep track of memory usage when devising this
kind of program, not only to leave room for the buffer but also to ensure
that the machine code and index areas are not overwritten. Fig 2 shows how
the Beeb's memory has been allocated, note the area set aside for storing
the program's variables, the temporary screen storage space and the index,
the space between being used for the printer buffer. Those purists who
advocate "structured programming" may well shudder at the number of GOTO's
I have used, I take the view that if a command does the job with the
minimum memory use, at the right speed for the application then use it.
Too many people are wastimg time writing tortured PROCedures that are
longer and more involved than nescessary merely to avoid the terrible
blasphemy of using a GOTO. The logic of these programs are often more
difficult to follow than the "primitive" IF THEN GOTO type, they are
certainly not good programming practice. Of course you should avoid
creating a maze of GOTO's, but it is wrong to be paranoid about the use of
one little command.
I live in an area where reception varies between excellent and hopeless,
so any Teletext program has to be able to survive the worst that my aerial
can throw at it. There are two possible data errors that could crash or
confuse the program. Firstly the page number could be corrupted so that a
series of pages would be saved with one or more sub pages missing,
secondly the sub page number could be corrupted which would confuse the
dehamming function, the latter is trapped by checking to see if FNham has
run out of data when recognising a sub page number and skipping this sub
page. These errors are detected by checking for gaps in the index and if
any are found continuing the search past the end of the series until the
index is complete. This method is also used to ensure that sub pages are
not saved twice. The only way the program could become confused is if the
last sub page number was corrupted, in which case the series would be
saved one short and you would have to delete the whole series and resave.
In my experience these errors are not common and in most cases you will be
able to download the complete series at the first attempt. There is,
however, no check for corruption in the page itself. This is partly
because of incompatibility problems between the ATS and the TFS, but also
because slightly corrupted pages are often perfectly readable.
USING THE TELEPRINTER
Having prattled on long enough about how the program was written, it is
about time I explained how to use it. The program comes in two halves,
simply CHAIN "TPRINT", this will assemble all the code before CHAINing
"TPRINT2". First you will be prompted to insert either an empty disc or an
already initialised Teleprinter disc, on pressing space it will search the
disc for the index. If this cannot be found then it will set up a blank
index and will try to initialise the largest "SCREENS" file that will fit
onto the first available free space on the disc. It is best to use a blank
disc to gain maximum storage space but as the Teleprinter program uses
normal filing system commands it will not corrupt or overwrite any other
file. If the disc is full then you will be prompted to insert another
disc.
Now you are ready to start downloading, simply enter the channel and page
number and the program will do the rest. If the page you want has already
been downloaded then the program will find it on the index and display it
immediately with a printout option otherwise it will start searching for
it "off air". If there are no sub pages then again it will be displayed
with a printout option immediately on being found, entering anything other
than "Y" or "y" will return you to the prompt screen. If there are sub
pages then the whole series will be saved to disc (if not already saved)
before being displayed in sequence. Note that the program does not wait
for the first sub page in the series but instead saves them out of order.
If there is insufficient room for all the screens then the program will
save all the lower numbered screens that it has room for, and will then
display only these lower numbers. On the right hand side of the prompt
screen is shown the number of blank screen spaces left on the disc, if you
try to download when this is nought then you will be asked to either load
a new disc or to edit the existing file.
Pressing <TAB> will enter the editor, this displays the channel and page
number of all the screens saved so far in the order that they were saved,
with an option to delete if required (entering anything other than "Y" or
"y" will display the next channel and page number). If you are trying to
delete a series of pages then you will be asked if you want to delete them
all, answering anything other then "Y" or "y" will cause the sub pages to
be displayed in turn with a delete option. This deletion operation removes
the record from the index only and shuffles all the records down to leave
a continuous space for any new screens, it does not erase or move the
actual screens on the disc as this would take far too long. After several
editing and resaving procedures the entries on the index will be in a
logical order but the physical position on disc in the random access file
"SCREENS" will be disordered. The program relies on the "TPINDEX" file to
keep track of all the pages, if you erase this file then you will not be
able to recover the screens saved so far.
Pressing <ESCAPE> will return you to the prompt page at any time, though
if you press <ESCAPE> part way through downloading a series of pages then
none of those pages will be entered on the index as it is only updated at
the end of the saving routine.
PROCEDURES AND FUNCTIONS
PROCprint : Display one page with printout option.
FNham : De ham sub page number.
PROCdis : Get screen from disc ready for display.
PROCosc : Basic 1 version of OSCLI.
PROCsave : Save one screen to disc.
PROCscr : Setup prompt screen display.
PROCtsoftl : Reselect telesoft system and reset ON ERROR.
PROCinit : Load and read index.
PROCnew : "Load new disc" message.
PROCfull : "Disc full" message.
PROCcat : Save index.
PROCedit : Editor.
PROCno : "No screens" message.
PROCmsge : Display message.
PROCspc : "Press space".
PROCosg(x) : Load or save one screen using OSGPBP.
PROCindx : Save index.
FNget : Double height get routine.
VARIABLES
ch : Channel number.
code : Call address for code.
last : Last sub page number.
d : Data.
d$ : String data.
divide : Printer code for divide character.
found : Record number of screen found in search.
half : Printer code for half character.
hash : Printer code for hash character.
hnl : File handle.
high : Highest sub page number loaded.
len : File length.
L : General loop variable.
L2 : General loop variable.
next : Next free record number.
one : Ones part of sub page number.
p1,p2,p3,p4 : Parameters for FNget.
pa : Page number.
$page : String for storing page and sub p-age number.
p : Assembler pass loop.
pound : Printer code for pound character.
quarter : Printer code for quarter character.
scrns : Maximum number of screens.
search : Combined channel and page number used in search
routine.
st : First sub-page number.
pre : Previous sub-page number.
store$ : String used to check for double height in PROCprint.
tp : Temporary storage.
threequart : Printer code for three quarter character.
ten : tens part of sub page number.
x : General input variable.
FIG 1: Screens per disc
______________________________________________________
| | | | | | |
| Filing System | DFS | DFS | DFS | ADFS | ADFS |
| Density | S-D | D-D | D-D | D-D | D-D |
| Sectors per Track | 10 | 16 | 18 | 16 | 18 |
|___________________|______|______|______|______|______|
| | | | | | |
| 40T S-S | 102 | 166 | 188 | 166 | 188 |
|___________________|______|______|______|______|______|
| | | | | | |
| 80T S-S | 209 | 337 | 380 | 337 | 380 |
|___________________|______|______|______|______|______|
| | | | | | |
| 40T D-S | 102 | 166 | 188 | 337 | 380 |
|___________________|______|______|______|______|______|
| | | | | | |
| 80T D-S | 209 | 337 | 380 | 678 | 764 |
|___________________|______|______|______|______|______|
FIG 2: Memory map
TFS _____________ ATS
| |
| SCREEN |
&7C00|_____________|&7C00
| |
| SCREEN |
| STORAGE |
&7480|_____________|&7480
| |
| INDEX |
&6800|_____________|&6800
| |
| PRINT CODE |
&6700|_____________|&6700
| |
| BUFFER CODE |
&6600|_____________|&6600
| |
| BUFFER |
|_____________|
&3D00| HIMEM |&3300
| |
| VARIABLES |
|_____________|
| TOP |
| |
| BASIC |
&2400|_____________|&1A00
PAGE
00000000 20 54 45 4c 45 50 52 49 4e 54 45 52 0d 0d 20 54 | TELEPRINTER.. T| 00000010 65 6c 65 74 65 78 74 20 70 61 67 65 73 20 63 61 |eletext pages ca| 00000020 6e 20 73 6f 6d 65 74 69 6d 65 73 20 62 65 20 66 |n sometimes be f| 00000030 72 75 73 74 72 61 74 69 6e 67 2c 20 6d 61 6e 79 |rustrating, many| 00000040 20 69 6e 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 70 61 67 | information pag| 00000050 65 73 20 61 72 65 0d 62 72 6f 61 64 63 61 73 74 |es are.broadcast| 00000060 20 74 77 69 63 65 20 61 6e 64 20 72 65 61 64 69 | twice and readi| 00000070 6e 67 20 61 20 6d 61 67 61 7a 69 6e 65 20 6d 61 |ng a magazine ma| 00000080 64 65 20 75 70 20 6f 66 20 72 6f 6c 6c 69 6e 67 |de up of rolling| 00000090 20 70 61 67 65 73 20 63 61 6e 0d 69 6e 76 6f 6c | pages can.invol| 000000a0 76 65 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 77 61 69 74 69 6e 67 20 |ve more waiting | 000000b0 74 68 61 6e 20 72 65 61 64 69 6e 67 2e 20 53 61 |than reading. Sa| 000000c0 76 69 6e 67 20 61 20 73 65 72 69 65 73 20 6f 66 |ving a series of| 000000d0 20 70 61 67 65 73 20 74 6f 20 64 69 73 63 20 69 | pages to disc i| 000000e0 73 0d 65 78 63 65 73 73 69 76 65 6c 79 20 74 65 |s.excessively te| 000000f0 64 69 6f 75 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 75 6e 6c 65 73 |dious, and unles| 00000100 73 20 79 6f 75 20 68 61 76 65 20 41 44 46 53 20 |s you have ADFS | 00000110 6f 6e 6c 79 20 33 31 20 70 61 67 65 73 20 63 61 |only 31 pages ca| 00000120 6e 20 62 65 20 73 61 76 65 64 0d 6f 6e 20 61 20 |n be saved.on a | 00000130 64 69 73 63 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 65 76 65 6e 20 74 |disc, and even t| 00000140 68 65 20 41 44 46 53 20 69 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 68 |he ADFS is not h| 00000150 61 73 73 6c 65 20 66 72 65 65 2e 0d 0d 57 68 61 |assle free...Wha| 00000160 74 20 69 73 20 6e 65 65 64 65 64 20 69 73 20 61 |t is needed is a| 00000170 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 74 68 61 74 20 77 69 | program that wi| 00000180 6c 6c 20 3a 2d 0d 0d 20 61 29 20 41 75 74 6f 6d |ll :-.. a) Autom| 00000190 61 74 69 63 61 6c 6c 79 20 73 61 76 65 20 61 20 |atically save a | 000001a0 73 65 72 69 65 73 20 6f 66 20 70 61 67 65 73 20 |series of pages | 000001b0 74 6f 20 64 69 73 63 20 72 65 61 64 79 20 74 6f |to disc ready to| 000001c0 20 62 65 20 72 65 6c 6f 61 64 65 64 20 66 6f 72 | be reloaded for| 000001d0 0d 76 69 65 77 69 6e 67 20 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 |.viewing at the | 000001e0 75 73 65 72 73 20 6e 6f 72 6d 61 6c 20 72 65 61 |users normal rea| 000001f0 64 69 6e 67 20 73 70 65 65 64 2e 0d 20 0d 20 62 |ding speed.. . b| 00000200 29 20 47 69 76 65 20 61 6e 20 69 6e 73 74 61 6e |) Give an instan| 00000210 74 20 68 61 72 64 20 63 6f 70 79 20 61 74 20 74 |t hard copy at t| 00000220 68 65 20 70 72 65 73 73 20 6f 66 20 61 20 6b 65 |he press of a ke| 00000230 79 2e 0d 20 0d 20 63 29 20 53 61 76 65 20 61 73 |y.. . c) Save as| 00000240 20 6d 61 6e 79 20 54 65 6c 65 74 65 78 74 20 70 | many Teletext p| 00000250 61 67 65 73 20 6f 6e 20 64 69 73 63 20 61 73 20 |ages on disc as | 00000260 74 68 65 20 61 76 61 69 6c 61 62 6c 65 20 73 74 |the available st| 00000270 6f 72 61 67 65 20 73 70 61 63 65 0d 77 69 6c 6c |orage space.will| 00000280 20 61 6c 6c 6f 77 2e 0d 20 0d 20 64 29 20 49 6e | allow.. . d) In| 00000290 63 6f 72 70 6f 72 61 74 65 20 61 20 62 75 69 6c |corporate a buil| 000002a0 74 20 69 6e 20 70 72 69 6e 74 65 72 20 62 75 66 |t in printer buf| 000002b0 66 65 72 20 74 6f 20 61 76 6f 69 64 20 77 61 69 |fer to avoid wai| 000002c0 74 69 6e 67 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 6e 65 78 |ting for the nex| 000002d0 74 0d 70 61 67 65 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 64 69 73 |t.page to be dis| 000002e0 70 6c 61 79 65 64 2e 0d 20 0d 20 65 29 20 57 6f |played.. . e) Wo| 000002f0 72 6b 20 71 75 69 74 65 20 68 61 70 70 69 6c 79 |rk quite happily| 00000300 20 77 69 74 68 20 65 69 74 68 65 72 20 74 68 65 | with either the| 00000310 20 54 65 6c 65 74 65 78 74 20 46 69 6c 69 6e 67 | Teletext Filing| 00000320 20 53 79 73 74 65 6d 20 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 6e | System or the n| 00000330 65 77 0d 41 54 53 2e 0d 20 0d 20 66 29 20 43 6f |ew.ATS.. . f) Co| 00000340 70 65 20 77 69 74 68 20 64 61 74 61 20 63 6f 72 |pe with data cor| 00000350 72 75 70 74 69 6f 6e 20 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 |ruption because | 00000360 6f 66 20 70 6f 6f 72 20 72 65 63 65 70 74 69 6f |of poor receptio| 00000370 6e 20 77 69 74 68 6f 75 74 20 63 72 61 73 68 69 |n without crashi| 00000380 6e 67 2e 0d 20 0d 20 54 68 65 20 70 72 6f 67 72 |ng.. . The progr| 00000390 61 6d 20 68 61 73 20 74 61 6b 65 6e 20 6d 65 20 |am has taken me | 000003a0 61 20 6c 69 74 74 6c 65 20 74 69 6d 65 20 74 6f |a little time to| 000003b0 20 77 72 69 74 65 20 61 6e 64 20 74 65 73 74 2c | write and test,| 000003c0 20 77 65 6c 6c 20 74 6f 20 62 65 0d 68 6f 6e 65 | well to be.hone| 000003d0 73 74 20 71 75 69 74 65 20 61 20 6c 6f 6e 67 20 |st quite a long | 000003e0 74 69 6d 65 20 2d 20 66 61 72 20 74 6f 6f 20 6c |time - far too l| 000003f0 6f 6e 67 20 69 6e 20 66 61 63 74 2e 20 54 68 65 |ong in fact. The| 00000400 20 66 69 6e 61 6c 20 76 65 72 73 69 6f 6e 20 28 | final version (| 00000410 6d 61 72 6b 0d 37 29 20 6e 6f 77 20 73 61 74 69 |mark.7) now sati| 00000420 73 66 69 65 73 20 61 6c 6c 20 6d 79 20 6f 72 69 |sfies all my ori| 00000430 67 69 6e 61 6c 20 72 65 71 75 69 72 65 6d 65 6e |ginal requiremen| 00000440 74 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 69 6e 20 74 77 6f 20 72 |ts, and in two r| 00000450 65 73 70 65 63 74 73 0d 70 65 72 66 6f 72 6d 73 |espects.performs| 00000460 20 62 65 74 74 65 72 20 74 68 61 6e 20 65 78 70 | better than exp| 00000470 65 63 74 65 64 2e 20 57 68 65 6e 20 49 20 73 74 |ected. When I st| 00000480 61 72 74 65 64 20 49 20 6e 65 76 65 72 20 73 65 |arted I never se| 00000490 72 69 6f 75 73 6c 79 20 74 68 6f 75 67 68 74 20 |riously thought | 000004a0 69 74 0d 77 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 65 20 70 6f 73 73 |it.would be poss| 000004b0 69 62 6c 65 20 74 6f 20 63 72 61 6d 20 6d 6f 72 |ible to cram mor| 000004c0 65 20 74 68 61 6e 20 31 30 30 20 54 65 6c 65 74 |e than 100 Telet| 000004d0 65 78 74 20 70 61 67 65 73 20 6f 6e 74 6f 20 6f |ext pages onto o| 000004e0 6e 65 20 31 30 30 4b 20 64 69 73 63 2c 0d 61 6e |ne 100K disc,.an| 000004f0 64 20 49 20 64 69 64 20 6e 6f 74 20 65 6e 76 69 |d I did not envi| 00000500 73 61 67 65 20 69 6e 63 6f 72 70 6f 72 61 74 69 |sage incorporati| 00000510 6e 67 20 61 6e 20 65 64 69 74 69 6e 67 20 72 6f |ng an editing ro| 00000520 75 74 69 6e 65 2e 20 49 20 61 6d 20 61 6c 73 6f |utine. I am also| 00000530 20 71 75 69 74 65 0d 73 6d 75 67 20 61 62 6f 75 | quite.smug abou| 00000540 74 20 74 68 65 20 61 6d 6f 75 6e 74 20 6f 66 20 |t the amount of | 00000550 62 75 69 6c 74 20 69 6e 20 22 69 64 69 6f 74 20 |built in "idiot | 00000560 70 72 6f 6f 66 69 6e 67 22 2c 20 79 6f 75 20 63 |proofing", you c| 00000570 61 6e 20 63 61 6c 6c 20 69 74 20 22 75 73 65 72 |an call it "user| 00000580 0d 66 72 69 65 6e 64 6c 79 22 20 69 66 20 79 6f |.friendly" if yo| 00000590 75 20 69 6e 73 69 73 74 2c 20 49 20 70 72 65 66 |u insist, I pref| 000005a0 65 72 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 70 68 72 |er the first phr| 000005b0 61 73 65 20 61 73 20 49 20 66 72 65 71 75 65 6e |ase as I frequen| 000005c0 74 6c 79 20 6e 65 65 64 0d 70 72 6f 74 65 63 74 |tly need.protect| 000005d0 69 6f 6e 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 6d 79 20 6f 77 6e 20 |ion from my own | 000005e0 69 64 69 6f 63 79 2e 0d 0d 20 53 61 74 69 73 66 |idiocy... Satisf| 000005f0 79 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 72 |ying the first r| 00000600 65 71 75 69 72 65 6d 65 6e 74 20 77 61 73 20 6d |equirement was m| 00000610 79 20 69 6e 69 74 69 61 6c 20 74 61 72 67 65 74 |y initial target| 00000620 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 77 6f 75 6c 64 20 6e 6f 74 | which would not| 00000630 0d 68 61 76 65 20 62 65 65 6e 20 74 6f 6f 20 68 |.have been too h| 00000640 61 72 64 20 62 75 74 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 |ard but for the | 00000650 6e 65 65 64 20 74 6f 20 6d 61 69 6e 74 61 69 6e |need to maintain| 00000660 20 63 6f 6d 70 61 74 69 62 69 6c 69 74 79 20 77 | compatibility w| 00000670 69 74 68 20 62 6f 74 68 0d 74 68 65 20 41 54 53 |ith both.the ATS| 00000680 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 54 46 53 2e 20 42 65 | and the TFS. Be| 00000690 63 61 75 73 65 20 74 68 65 20 54 46 53 20 69 73 |cause the TFS is| 000006a0 20 61 20 66 69 6c 69 6e 67 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d | a filing system| 000006b0 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 6e 65 73 63 65 73 73 61 72 | it is nescessar| 000006c0 79 0d 74 6f 20 73 65 6c 65 63 74 20 74 68 65 20 |y.to select the | 000006d0 44 46 53 20 62 65 66 6f 72 65 20 73 61 76 69 6e |DFS before savin| 000006e0 67 20 61 6e 64 20 72 65 73 65 6c 65 63 74 20 74 |g and reselect t| 000006f0 68 65 20 54 46 53 20 61 66 74 65 72 77 61 72 64 |he TFS afterward| 00000700 73 2c 20 74 68 65 0d 70 72 6f 62 6c 65 6d 20 69 |s, the.problem i| 00000710 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 63 68 61 6e 67 69 6e 67 20 |s that changing | 00000720 74 68 65 20 66 69 6c 69 6e 67 20 73 79 73 74 65 |the filing syste| 00000730 6d 20 61 70 70 65 61 72 73 20 74 6f 20 72 65 73 |m appears to res| 00000740 65 74 20 74 68 65 20 4f 4e 20 45 52 52 4f 52 0d |et the ON ERROR.| 00000750 70 6f 69 6e 74 65 72 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 6d 79 20 |pointer, and my | 00000760 6f 72 69 67 69 6e 61 6c 20 76 65 72 73 69 6f 6e |original version| 00000770 20 72 65 6c 69 65 64 20 68 65 61 76 69 6c 79 20 | relied heavily | 00000780 6f 6e 20 64 69 73 63 20 65 72 72 6f 72 20 68 61 |on disc error ha| 00000790 6e 64 6c 69 6e 67 2e 0d 4d 75 63 68 20 63 75 72 |ndling..Much cur| 000007a0 73 69 6e 67 2c 20 73 77 65 61 72 69 6e 67 20 61 |sing, swearing a| 000007b0 6e 64 20 6b 69 63 6b 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 77 |nd kicking the w| 000007c0 61 73 74 65 20 70 61 70 65 72 20 62 61 73 6b 65 |aste paper baske| 000007d0 74 20 72 6f 75 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 72 6f 6f 6d |t round the room| 000007e0 0d 65 6e 73 75 65 64 20 62 65 66 6f 72 65 20 74 |.ensued before t| 000007f0 68 65 20 70 65 6e 6e 79 20 66 69 6e 61 6c 6c 79 |he penny finally| 00000800 20 64 72 6f 70 70 65 64 2c 20 74 68 65 20 73 6f | dropped, the so| 00000810 6c 75 74 69 6f 6e 20 69 73 20 74 6f 20 72 65 73 |lution is to res| 00000820 65 74 20 74 68 65 20 4f 4e 0d 45 52 52 4f 52 20 |et the ON.ERROR | 00000830 73 74 61 74 65 6d 65 6e 74 20 77 68 65 6e 20 72 |statement when r| 00000840 65 73 65 6c 65 63 74 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 54 |eselecting the T| 00000850 46 53 2c 20 73 65 65 20 50 52 4f 43 74 73 6f 66 |FS, see PROCtsof| 00000860 74 2e 20 54 68 65 20 73 65 63 6f 6e 64 0d 64 69 |t. The second.di| 00000870 66 66 69 63 75 6c 74 79 20 69 73 20 74 68 61 74 |fficulty is that| 00000880 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 6e 65 73 63 65 73 73 61 72 | it is nescessar| 00000890 79 20 74 6f 20 64 65 74 65 63 74 20 77 68 69 63 |y to detect whic| 000008a0 68 20 73 75 62 2d 70 61 67 65 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 |h sub-page numbe| 000008b0 72 20 69 73 0d 62 65 69 6e 67 20 64 6f 77 6e 6c |r is.being downl| 000008c0 6f 61 64 65 64 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20 69 6e 66 6f |oaded. This info| 000008d0 72 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 69 73 20 22 68 61 6d 6d |rmation is "hamm| 000008e0 69 6e 67 20 65 6e 63 6f 64 65 64 22 2e 20 42 6f |ing encoded". Bo| 000008f0 74 68 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d 73 0d 70 72 6f 76 69 |th systems.provi| 00000900 64 65 20 4f 73 77 6f 72 64 20 63 61 6c 6c 73 20 |de Osword calls | 00000910 74 6f 20 64 6f 20 74 68 65 20 64 65 63 6f 64 69 |to do the decodi| 00000920 6e 67 20 66 6f 72 20 79 6f 75 2c 20 62 75 74 20 |ng for you, but | 00000930 74 68 65 79 20 61 72 65 20 69 6e 63 6f 6d 70 61 |they are incompa| 00000940 74 69 62 6c 65 0d 77 69 74 68 20 65 61 63 68 20 |tible.with each | 00000950 6f 74 68 65 72 2e 20 4d 75 63 68 20 70 65 61 6b |other. Much peak| 00000960 69 6e 67 2c 20 70 6f 6b 69 6e 67 20 61 6e 64 20 |ing, poking and | 00000970 65 78 70 65 72 69 6d 65 6e 74 69 6e 67 20 77 61 |experimenting wa| 00000980 73 20 72 65 71 75 69 72 65 64 0d 62 65 66 6f 72 |s required.befor| 00000990 65 20 46 4e 68 61 6d 20 63 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 65 |e FNham could be| 000009a0 20 77 72 69 74 74 65 6e 20 74 6f 20 72 65 70 6c | written to repl| 000009b0 61 63 65 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 4f 73 77 6f 72 64 |ace these Osword| 000009c0 20 63 61 6c 6c 73 2e 20 54 68 65 20 66 69 6e 61 | calls. The fina| 000009d0 6c 0d 76 65 72 73 69 6f 6e 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 |l.version can be| 000009e0 20 6c 65 66 74 20 74 6f 20 64 6f 77 6e 6c 6f 61 | left to downloa| 000009f0 64 20 61 20 63 6f 6d 70 6c 65 74 65 20 73 65 72 |d a complete ser| 00000a00 69 65 73 20 6f 66 20 72 6f 6c 6c 69 6e 67 20 70 |ies of rolling p| 00000a10 61 67 65 73 0d 61 75 74 6f 6d 61 74 69 63 61 6c |ages.automatical| 00000a20 6c 79 2c 20 6c 65 61 76 69 6e 67 20 79 6f 75 20 |ly, leaving you | 00000a30 66 72 65 65 20 74 6f 20 77 61 74 63 68 20 74 68 |free to watch th| 00000a40 65 20 74 65 6c 6c 79 2e 20 49 20 75 73 65 20 61 |e telly. I use a| 00000a50 6e 20 61 6d 65 6e 64 65 64 0d 76 65 72 73 69 6f |n amended.versio| 00000a60 6e 20 74 6f 20 73 61 76 65 20 61 6c 6c 20 74 68 |n to save all th| 00000a70 65 20 54 65 6c 65 73 6f 66 74 20 6d 61 67 61 7a |e Telesoft magaz| 00000a80 69 6e 65 20 70 61 67 65 73 20 74 6f 20 64 69 73 |ine pages to dis| 00000a90 63 20 65 76 65 72 79 20 66 72 69 64 61 79 2c 0d |c every friday,.| 00000aa0 72 65 61 64 79 20 66 6f 72 20 76 69 65 77 69 6e |ready for viewin| 00000ab0 67 20 77 68 65 6e 20 49 20 63 6f 6d 65 20 62 61 |g when I come ba| 00000ac0 63 6b 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 64 6f 69 6e 67 20 74 68 |ck from doing th| 00000ad0 65 20 73 68 6f 70 70 69 6e 67 2e 0d 0d 20 54 68 |e shopping... Th| 00000ae0 65 20 69 6e 73 74 61 6e 74 20 70 72 69 6e 74 6f |e instant printo| 00000af0 75 74 20 72 6f 75 74 69 6e 65 20 63 61 75 73 65 |ut routine cause| 00000b00 64 20 6e 6f 20 63 6f 6d 70 61 74 69 62 69 6c 69 |d no compatibili| 00000b10 74 79 20 64 69 66 66 69 63 75 6c 74 69 65 73 2c |ty difficulties,| 00000b20 20 62 75 74 0d 74 68 65 20 63 6f 6d 70 6c 65 78 | but.the complex| 00000b30 69 74 79 20 6f 66 20 69 6e 74 65 72 70 72 65 74 |ity of interpret| 00000b40 69 6e 67 20 54 65 6c 65 74 65 78 74 20 63 6f 6e |ing Teletext con| 00000b50 74 72 6f 6c 20 63 6f 64 65 73 20 69 6e 20 6f 72 |trol codes in or| 00000b60 64 65 72 20 74 6f 0d 65 6c 69 6d 69 6e 61 74 65 |der to.eliminate| 00000b70 20 67 72 61 70 68 69 63 73 20 61 6e 64 20 63 6f | graphics and co| 00000b80 6e 74 72 6f 6c 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 72 73 |ntrol characters| 00000b90 20 72 65 73 75 6c 74 65 64 20 69 6e 20 61 20 62 | resulted in a b| 00000ba0 61 73 69 63 20 72 6f 75 74 69 6e 65 0d 73 74 75 |asic routine.stu| 00000bb0 66 66 65 64 20 66 75 6c 6c 20 6f 66 20 49 46 27 |ffed full of IF'| 00000bc0 73 20 61 6e 64 20 47 4f 54 4f 27 73 2e 20 54 68 |s and GOTO's. Th| 00000bd0 65 73 65 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 73 20 61 72 65 |ese commands are| 00000be0 20 76 65 72 79 20 73 6c 6f 77 20 61 6e 64 20 74 | very slow and t| 00000bf0 68 65 20 6e 65 65 64 0d 74 6f 20 74 65 73 74 20 |he need.to test | 00000c00 61 6c 6c 20 39 36 30 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 |all 960 characte| 00000c10 72 73 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 73 63 72 65 65 6e |rs on the screen| 00000c20 20 72 65 73 75 6c 74 65 64 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 | resulted in the| 00000c30 20 70 72 69 6e 74 6f 75 74 20 62 65 69 6e 67 0d | printout being.| 00000c40 66 61 72 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 22 69 6e 73 74 61 6e |far from "instan| 00000c50 74 22 2e 20 54 68 65 20 73 6f 6c 75 74 69 6f 6e |t". The solution| 00000c60 20 69 73 2c 20 6f 66 20 63 6f 75 72 73 65 2c 20 | is, of course, | 00000c70 6d 61 63 68 69 6e 65 20 63 6f 64 65 20 61 6e 64 |machine code and| 00000c80 20 74 68 65 0d 64 65 63 6f 64 69 6e 67 20 64 65 | the.decoding de| 00000c90 6c 61 79 20 69 73 20 6e 6f 77 20 62 61 72 65 6c |lay is now barel| 00000ca0 79 20 70 65 72 63 65 70 74 61 62 6c 65 2e 20 54 |y perceptable. T| 00000cb0 68 69 73 20 63 6f 64 65 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 63 6f |his code also co| 00000cc0 6e 76 65 72 74 73 20 74 68 65 0d 70 6f 75 6e 64 |nverts the.pound| 00000cd0 2c 20 68 61 6c 66 2c 20 68 61 73 68 2c 20 71 75 |, half, hash, qu| 00000ce0 61 72 74 65 72 2c 20 74 68 72 65 65 20 71 75 61 |arter, three qua| 00000cf0 72 74 65 72 20 61 6e 64 20 64 69 76 69 64 65 20 |rter and divide | 00000d00 63 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 72 73 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 |characters from | 00000d10 74 68 65 0d 54 65 6c 65 74 65 78 74 20 76 61 6c |the.Teletext val| 00000d20 75 65 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 61 70 70 72 |ue into the appr| 00000d30 6f 70 72 69 61 74 65 20 70 72 69 6e 74 65 72 20 |opriate printer | 00000d40 63 6f 64 65 73 2e 20 59 6f 75 20 6d 61 79 20 6e |codes. You may n| 00000d50 65 65 64 20 74 6f 0d 63 75 73 74 6f 6d 69 73 65 |eed to.customise| 00000d60 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 63 6f 64 65 73 20 74 6f 20 | these codes to | 00000d70 73 75 69 74 20 79 6f 75 72 20 70 72 69 6e 74 65 |suit your printe| 00000d80 72 2c 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 61 72 65 20 63 6c 65 |r, these are cle| 00000d90 61 72 6c 79 20 6d 61 72 6b 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 |arly marked with| 00000da0 0d 61 20 52 45 4d 20 73 74 61 74 65 6d 65 6e 74 |.a REM statement| 00000db0 20 69 6e 20 6c 69 73 74 69 6e 67 20 6f 6e 65 2e | in listing one.| 00000dc0 0d 0d 20 54 68 65 20 6d 65 74 68 6f 64 20 6f 66 |.. The method of| 00000dd0 20 64 69 73 63 20 73 74 6f 72 61 67 65 20 68 61 | disc storage ha| 00000de0 73 20 63 68 61 6e 67 65 64 20 6d 61 6e 79 20 74 |s changed many t| 00000df0 69 6d 65 73 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 64 65 76 65 |imes in the deve| 00000e00 6c 6f 70 6d 65 6e 74 20 6f 66 0d 74 68 65 20 54 |lopment of.the T| 00000e10 45 4c 45 50 52 49 4e 54 45 52 20 70 72 6f 67 72 |ELEPRINTER progr| 00000e20 61 6d 2c 20 49 20 69 6e 69 74 69 61 6c 6c 79 20 |am, I initially | 00000e30 75 73 65 64 20 61 20 73 69 6d 70 6c 65 20 2a 53 |used a simple *S| 00000e40 41 56 45 20 72 6f 75 74 69 6e 65 20 61 6e 64 0d |AVE routine and.| 00000e50 71 75 69 63 6b 6c 79 20 68 69 74 20 74 68 65 20 |quickly hit the | 00000e60 33 31 20 66 69 6c 65 20 62 61 72 72 69 65 72 2e |31 file barrier.| 00000e70 20 54 68 65 20 69 6e 69 74 69 61 6c 20 61 6e 73 | The initial ans| 00000e80 77 65 72 20 74 6f 20 74 68 69 73 20 77 61 73 20 |wer to this was | 00000e90 74 6f 20 72 65 61 64 0d 61 6e 64 20 77 72 69 74 |to read.and writ| 00000ea0 65 20 64 69 73 63 20 73 65 63 74 6f 72 73 20 64 |e disc sectors d| 00000eb0 69 72 65 63 74 6c 79 2c 20 75 73 69 6e 67 20 4f |irectly, using O| 00000ec0 73 77 6f 72 64 20 26 37 46 20 61 6e 64 20 77 69 |sword &7F and wi| 00000ed0 74 68 20 73 65 63 74 6f 72 73 20 30 20 61 6e 64 |th sectors 0 and| 00000ee0 20 31 0d 73 65 74 20 75 70 20 61 73 20 61 20 63 | 1.set up as a c| 00000ef0 75 73 74 6f 6d 69 73 65 64 20 64 69 72 65 63 74 |ustomised direct| 00000f00 6f 72 79 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20 69 6e 63 72 65 61 |ory. This increa| 00000f10 73 65 64 20 74 68 65 20 6d 61 78 69 6d 75 6d 20 |sed the maximum | 00000f20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 6f 66 0d 70 61 67 65 73 20 |number of.pages | 00000f30 6f 6e 20 61 20 31 30 30 4b 20 64 69 73 63 20 74 |on a 100K disc t| 00000f40 6f 20 39 39 20 62 75 74 20 74 68 69 73 20 6d 65 |o 99 but this me| 00000f50 74 68 6f 64 20 68 61 73 20 74 68 72 65 65 20 73 |thod has three s| 00000f60 65 72 69 6f 75 73 20 64 72 61 77 62 61 63 6b 73 |erious drawbacks| 00000f70 2e 0d 46 69 72 73 74 6c 79 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 |..Firstly it is | 00000f80 61 20 6e 6f 6e 20 73 74 61 6e 64 61 72 64 20 64 |a non standard d| 00000f90 69 73 63 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 20 77 68 69 63 68 |isc format which| 00000fa0 20 63 61 6e 6e 6f 74 20 62 65 20 2a 43 41 54 61 | cannot be *CATa| 00000fb0 6c 6f 67 75 65 64 2c 20 62 75 74 0d 6d 6f 72 65 |logued, but.more| 00000fc0 20 73 65 72 69 6f 75 73 6c 79 20 69 74 20 77 61 | seriously it wa| 00000fd0 73 20 74 6f 74 61 6c 6c 79 20 69 6e 66 6c 65 78 |s totally inflex| 00000fe0 69 62 6c 65 2c 20 68 61 76 69 6e 67 20 61 20 66 |ible, having a f| 00000ff0 69 78 65 64 20 73 74 6f 72 61 67 65 20 63 61 70 |ixed storage cap| 00001000 61 63 69 74 79 0d 72 65 67 61 72 64 6c 65 73 73 |acity.regardless| 00001010 20 6f 66 20 64 69 73 63 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 2e | of disc format.| 00001020 20 41 6c 73 6f 20 74 68 69 73 20 4f 73 77 6f 72 | Also this Oswor| 00001030 64 20 63 61 6c 6c 20 63 61 6e 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 |d call can only | 00001040 68 61 6e 64 6c 65 20 77 68 6f 6c 65 20 32 35 36 |handle whole 256| 00001050 0d 62 79 74 65 20 73 65 63 74 6f 72 73 20 66 6f |.byte sectors fo| 00001060 75 72 20 6f 66 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 61 72 65 20 |ur of which are | 00001070 6e 65 65 64 65 64 20 66 6f 72 20 65 61 63 68 20 |needed for each | 00001080 73 63 72 65 65 6e 2c 20 61 73 20 61 20 74 65 6c |screen, as a tel| 00001090 65 74 65 78 74 0d 73 63 72 65 65 6e 20 63 61 6e |etext.screen can| 000010a0 20 62 65 20 73 74 6f 72 65 64 20 69 6e 20 6a 75 | be stored in ju| 000010b0 73 74 20 39 36 30 20 62 79 74 65 73 20 74 68 69 |st 960 bytes thi| 000010c0 73 20 6c 65 61 76 65 73 20 74 68 65 20 74 61 69 |s leaves the tai| 000010d0 6c 20 65 6e 64 20 6f 66 20 65 76 65 72 79 0d 66 |l end of every.f| 000010e0 6f 75 72 20 73 65 63 74 6f 72 73 20 75 6e 75 73 |our sectors unus| 000010f0 65 64 2e 20 54 68 65 20 69 64 65 61 6c 20 73 79 |ed. The ideal sy| 00001100 73 74 65 6d 20 77 6f 75 6c 64 20 75 73 65 20 74 |stem would use t| 00001110 68 65 20 73 74 61 6e 64 61 72 64 20 44 46 53 20 |he standard DFS | 00001120 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 73 0d 74 6f 20 61 75 74 6f |commands.to auto| 00001130 6d 61 74 69 63 61 6c 6c 79 20 65 78 70 61 6e 64 |matically expand| 00001140 20 69 74 73 65 6c 66 20 74 6f 20 75 73 65 20 74 | itself to use t| 00001150 68 65 20 6d 61 78 69 6d 75 6d 20 73 74 6f 72 61 |he maximum stora| 00001160 67 65 20 63 61 70 61 63 69 74 79 0d 72 65 67 61 |ge capacity.rega| 00001170 72 64 6c 65 73 73 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 64 69 |rdless of the di| 00001180 73 63 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 73 |sc format, and s| 00001190 74 6f 72 65 20 73 63 72 65 65 6e 73 20 63 6f 6e |tore screens con| 000011a0 74 69 6e 75 6f 75 73 6c 79 20 61 63 72 6f 73 73 |tinuously across| 000011b0 0d 73 65 63 74 6f 72 20 62 6f 75 6e 64 61 72 69 |.sector boundari| 000011c0 65 73 2e 20 0d 0d 20 54 68 65 20 66 69 6e 61 6c |es. .. The final| 000011d0 20 73 6f 6c 75 74 69 6f 6e 20 77 61 73 20 74 6f | solution was to| 000011e0 20 2a 53 41 56 45 20 61 20 73 65 70 65 72 61 74 | *SAVE a seperat| 000011f0 65 20 69 6e 64 65 78 20 66 69 6c 65 20 22 54 50 |e index file "TP| 00001200 49 4e 44 45 58 22 2c 20 77 68 69 63 68 0d 77 6f |INDEX", which.wo| 00001210 75 6c 64 20 62 65 20 75 73 65 64 20 74 6f 20 6b |uld be used to k| 00001220 65 65 70 20 74 72 61 63 6b 20 6f 66 20 61 20 72 |eep track of a r| 00001230 61 6e 64 6f 6d 20 61 63 63 65 73 73 20 66 69 6c |andom access fil| 00001240 65 20 63 61 6c 6c 65 64 20 22 53 43 52 45 45 4e |e called "SCREEN| 00001250 53 22 2e 20 54 68 69 73 0d 66 69 6c 65 20 69 73 |S". 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Th| 00001510 65 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 68 61 73 20 62 65 |e program has be| 00001520 65 6e 20 73 70 6c 69 74 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 74 77 |en split into tw| 00001530 6f 20 68 61 6c 76 65 73 20 69 6e 20 6f 72 64 65 |o halves in orde| 00001540 72 20 74 6f 20 6c 65 61 76 65 20 74 68 65 20 6d |r to leave the m| 00001550 61 78 69 6d 75 6d 0d 73 70 61 63 65 20 66 6f 72 |aximum.space for| 00001560 20 61 20 70 72 69 6e 74 65 72 20 62 75 66 66 65 | a printer buffe| 00001570 72 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20 69 73 20 61 6e 20 69 64 |r. 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This has b| 00001680 65 65 6e 20 69 6e 63 6f 72 70 6f 72 61 74 65 64 |een incorporated| 00001690 20 69 6e 20 6c 69 73 74 69 6e 67 20 6f 6e 65 20 | in listing one | 000016a0 77 68 69 63 68 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 69 6e 63 6c 75 |which also inclu| 000016b0 64 65 73 20 74 68 65 0d 70 72 69 6e 74 6f 75 74 |des the.printout| 000016c0 20 63 6f 64 65 2c 20 6e 6f 74 65 20 74 68 65 20 | code, note the | 000016d0 61 6c 74 65 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 74 6f 20 74 |alterations to t| 000016e0 68 65 20 7a 65 72 6f 2d 70 61 67 65 20 61 64 64 |he zero-page add| 000016f0 72 65 73 73 65 73 2c 20 74 68 69 73 20 69 73 0d |resses, this is.| 00001700 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 74 68 65 20 41 54 53 20 |because the ATS | 00001710 75 73 65 73 20 74 68 65 20 73 61 6d 65 20 61 72 |uses the same ar| 00001720 65 61 20 6f 66 20 6d 65 6d 6f 72 79 20 6f 72 69 |ea of memory ori| 00001730 67 69 6e 61 6c 6c 79 20 61 6c 6c 6f 63 61 74 65 |ginally allocate| 00001740 64 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 0d 70 72 69 6e 74 65 72 |d to the.printer| 00001750 20 62 75 66 66 65 72 2e 20 41 6c 74 68 6f 75 67 | buffer. 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The amended | 00001810 62 75 66 66 65 72 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 77 |buffer program w| 00001820 69 6c 6c 0d 61 73 73 65 6d 62 6c 65 20 74 68 65 |ill.assemble the| 00001830 20 63 6f 64 65 2c 20 74 75 72 6e 20 6f 6e 20 74 | code, turn on t| 00001840 68 65 20 62 75 66 66 65 72 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 |he buffer and th| 00001850 65 6e 20 63 68 61 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 54 45 4c |en chain the TEL| 00001860 45 50 52 49 4e 54 45 52 0d 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d |EPRINTER.program| 00001870 2e 20 41 6c 74 65 72 6e 61 74 69 76 65 6c 79 20 |. Alternatively | 00001880 79 6f 75 20 63 61 6e 20 75 73 65 20 61 20 73 69 |you can use a si| 00001890 64 65 77 61 79 73 20 72 61 6d 20 70 72 69 6e 74 |deways ram print| 000018a0 65 72 20 62 75 66 66 65 72 2c 20 77 68 69 63 68 |er buffer, which| 000018b0 0d 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 70 72 69 6e 74 20 61 74 |.should print at| 000018c0 20 6c 65 61 73 74 20 31 38 20 73 63 72 65 65 6e | least 18 screen| 000018d0 73 20 62 65 66 6f 72 65 20 66 69 6e 61 6c 6c 79 |s before finally| 000018e0 20 67 72 69 6e 64 69 6e 67 20 74 6f 20 61 20 68 | grinding to a h| 000018f0 61 6c 74 2e 0d 0d 20 54 68 65 20 70 72 6f 67 72 |alt... 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