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!Manual/Data/Chapter4

This website contains an archive of files for the Acorn Electron, BBC Micro, Acorn Archimedes, Commodore 16 and Commodore 64 computers, which Dominic Ford has rescued from his private collection of floppy disks and cassettes.

Some of these files were originally commercial releases in the 1980s and 1990s, but they are now widely available online. I assume that copyright over them is no longer being asserted. If you own the copyright and would like files to be removed, please contact me.

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Chapter 4

Inputting a Page


This chapter describes the various ways of getting a page of text into Optical.


4.1 Scanning a page of text

The best way of getting a page of text into your computer is to use a scanner - digitisers generally do not pick up enough detail to make Optical Character Recognition reliable.

There are two main types - hand-helds and flatbeds. The former are cheaper but have a limited head width, are difficult to produce a straight scan with, and are slow. Even though acceptable results can still be obtained, flatbeds are recommended for this software as they can scan an entire A4 page.

Text should be scanned at 300 or 400 dots per inch (dpi) for optimum performance (read the documentation accompanying your scanner if you do not understand what dpi is.) Usually, it only needs to be in monochrome, except where the text is quite faint and not picked up very well, or where different background colours need masking out. Full details on how to mask colours are given in Chapter 6.6 - The Colour Mapper.

Even though images can be rotated with this software, better results can be obtained with straighter scans. If a hand-held scanner is being used, and unless the scanner has a guiding ruler, it seems that the best way of obtaining a decent scan is to sit directly behind the page and pull the scanner back with both hands. At the same time keep an eye on the scanner's window so that it is easy to see, and manoeuvre if it starts to go off at an angle. If an image is being scanned directly (see next paragraph) into Optical then the Scanner Progress window (explained later in this chapter) should make things easier.

If a Computer Concepts' Scanlight series scanner or a Watford MkII scanner are being used, then it is possible to scan directly into Optical, without the use of the software supplied with the scanner.

Alternatively, if the user has one of David Pilling's TWAIN drivers this can be used to scan pages directly into Optical.

Note The Computer Concepts' COLOUR Scanlight Professional must use a TWAIN driver.


4.2 Loading Sprite files

Scanned sprite files can also be loaded into Optical, providing they contain 16 colours or less.

To load a Sprite file, drop it onto Optical on the icon bar, or its OCRed text window.

You will then be asked for the resolution that the image was originally scanned at. Optical needs this information to translate physical measurements (millimetres etc) into numbers of pixels (small dots which make up the image) for some features.

Click on Enter when the appropriate resolution has been selected.


4.3 Direct scanning

4.3.1 TWAIN

If the user wishes to scan pages into Optical using one of David Pilling's TWAIN drivers, the option Use TWAIN has to be selected from the Preferences window (See Chapter 5.2.5 - Use TWAIN.)

Clicking with Adjust on the Optical icon on the icon bar brings up a menu with Select source... and Acquire... items which should already be familiar with TWAIN users.

4.3.2 Computer Concepts Scanlight and Watford MkII scanners

Optical can also drive Computer Concepts' Scanlight series, and Watford MkII scanners directly.

If a Scanlight scanner is being used then, before trying to scan anything, drop the !Scanner application (supplied with the scanner) onto Optical on the icon bar. This is necessary as Optical needs to know where to find it. Its position is recorded on disc, so if !Scanner is moved in the future, this process has to be repeated.

Clicking with Adjust on the Optical icon on the icon bar brings up the main Scanner window. It will only appear if a scanner is connected which can be interfaced with. If not, an error message will pop up. If Auto scan has been selected from the Preferences window, this window will open every time Optical is loaded, and every time it finishes reading a page.

Here are explanations of the different enclosed areas in this window:

4.3.3 Scanner and mode

This area shows the name of the currently selected scanner and its scanning mode. Clicking on the menu gadgets to the right of these bring up lists of available scanners (top) or scanning modes (bottom).

Some of the items in the Mode menu may be greyed in. This is because some scanning modes operate in more than 16 colours, whereas Optical can only handle images with 16 colours or less. However for OCR purposes 16 colours or shades of grey, is more than sufficient.

If the Mode menu gadget is disabled, this is because the mode can only be selected from the scanner itself.

Note Selecting different scanners or modes may change some of the other settings in the Scanner window to suit the new mode.

For more information about scanner modes, read the relevant documentation accompanying the scanner.

4.3.4 Processing

This section controls the processing which the currently selected scanner is capable of. Not all scanners have all of the available facilities, so some, or all of the processing options may be greyed in and disabled.

Invert swaps the scanned image's palette around, so that black becomes white and vice versa. It gives similar results to the negative of a photograph.

The other options control the scanner's brightness and contrast. Values can range between 1 and 100%. If Auto is enabled, the scanner can automatically set its brightness.

4.3.5 Miscellaneous

If there is a scanned image already in Optical, the Merge image option is available. If selected, the next scanned image is merged together with this image. Operation of the merge facilities are explained in Chapter 6.8 - Merging Scanned Images.

If the scanner has a sheet feeder, Automatic scanning is available. If selected, the entire scanning process becomes automatic after the first page. A new page is fed in automatically without the Scanner window reappearing, after each page is OCRed. The process stops when the sheet feeder becomes empty. It is only useful if Auto scan and Append text are selected in the Preferences window.

4.3.6 Resolution

Different scanning resolutions can be selected from this area. For good results, recommended values are 300-400dpi - the higher the better. However, higher resolutions also take longer to read, and occupy more memory.

Resolutions of 200, 300, and 400dpi can be selected with a single mouse click, while other resolutions can be selected from the menu icon.

4.3.7 Scan area

If the size of the area to be scanned can be altered, then it is possible to enter values for the horizontal and vertical size in the appropriate areas.

The button above these values shows the current units. The units can be swapped between inches and centimetres by clicking on this button. Pressing Return after entering values for the horizontal and vertical size may cause the entered values to change. This is because scanners generally have limitations regarding the size of the scanning area, and so the closest approximations are substituted.

The percentage next to Can scan shows how much of the required area Optical can actually scan. This is related to the amount of free memory available, the number of colours the image is to be scanned in, and the resolution. If this number is less than 100% then Optical attempts to scan as much of the image as possible.

If Use column area is selected, only the minimum area encompassing the column definitions made in a previous scan is scanned (Chapter 6.4.1 - Marking a column of text describes how to select columns.) This facility is useful for computers with insufficient memory to scan an entire page at the required resolution. For example, there might be a small portion of an A4 page that needs to be OCRed, but not enough memory available to scan the whole page at 400dpi. It is possible to get around this by doing the following:

a) Making sure that Preview/ process and Remember columns are selected in the Preferences window.

b) Scanning the full A4 page at 100dpi or less.

c) Marking frames over the parts of the page that need to be read.

d) Clicking on the scanner icon in the Preview/ process window's toolbox.

e) Re-scanning the marked area of the page at 400dpi.

f) After scanning has taken place, selecting Read from the Preview/ Process window's toolbox, to read the page.


4.3.8 Other buttons

Scan image starts the scanning of a page.

With some scanners, a real time display appears on the screen, showing the image being scanned. The top part of the display is a full size section of what is currently being scanned. The lower half shows a scaled preview of the whole page. This is useful for keeping an eye on whether a scan is straight or not, and whether it is too dark etc.

Cancel scan closes the Scanner window.

Save defaults saves the current scanner options to disc so that they are effective whenever Optical is reloaded.

Reset !Scanner path stops Optical looking for the Computer Concepts !Scanner application every time it is loaded.


4.4 Menu Linked Embedding (MLE)

This is a new concept for Acorn computers, making Optical very user friendly indeed. To demonstrate, open the Preferences window from the Icon bar menu. At the bottom left there is a button MLE.... Click on this to open a window.

There should be a list of applications in the window pane on the right, including Edit. Now, load !Edit from the Applications disc supplied with your computer. Open a new Edit text window, and click Menu over it. You should find that there is now an extra menu option at the bottom of it - OCR...!

All the applications listed in the MLE window will also include this menu option. To add others to the list, simply drag the green acorn on the left of the window to another application's main editing window, where a menu can be opened. If all is well, the new application's name will appear with the others.

To remove a name, highlight it by clicking on it, and then click on Remove.

Close closes the window.

The menu option OCR... will be greyed in if the caret is not in the window that the menu was opened in.

The rest of section 4.4 does not apply to the demo version of Optical because the MLE is not functional...

When selected, the Optical Scanner window (or the TWAIN Acquire window if TWAIN is selected) should open, and you should proceed as though you had opened it normally (ie. by pressing Adjust over Optical on the icon bar.) However, the difference comes after a page of text has been read: Instead of the OCRed text window opening, the OCRed text is transferred directly to the caret in the window where the OCR text... menu option was first selected. This removes the need to save data between Optical and external applications.

If the window that OCR... was called from no longer exists after a read, an error is produced.

The option Transfer text later, if selected stops text being transferred to the target application immediately after it is OCRed. Text can be edited beforehand, and then transferred using the File>To caret... option from the OCRed text menu. Alternatively CTRL-SHIFT F3 can be pressed whilst the caret is in the OCRed text window.


4.5 Grey scale/ colour scanning

If an image with more than 2 colours is given to Optical, it automatically goes into Colour mapping mode before anything else. This is described fully in Chapter 6.6 - The Colour Mapper.
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