Home » Archimedes archive » Acorn User » AU 1995-10.adf » !CHelp » CHelp/!StrongHlp/HelpData/VDU
CHelp/!StrongHlp/HelpData/VDU
This website contains an archive of files for the Acorn Electron, BBC Micro, Acorn Archimedes, Commodore 16 and Commodore 64 computers, which Dominic Ford has rescued from his private collection of floppy disks and cassettes.
Some of these files were originally commercial releases in the 1980s and 1990s, but they are now widely available online. I assume that copyright over them is no longer being asserted. If you own the copyright and would like files to be removed, please contact me.
| Tape/disk: | Home » Archimedes archive » Acorn User » AU 1995-10.adf » !CHelp |
| Filename: | CHelp/!StrongHlp/HelpData/VDU |
| Read OK: | ✔ |
| File size: | 24C4 bytes |
| Load address: | 0000 |
| Exec address: | 0000 |
File contents
HELP( � ����, ��� � $ DIR$� � E��� ��� !Root 4 E������4 17 h F���ݽ� 17a E��� ��ߨ 18 � E���&��� 18a � E���/��߆ 19 L
E���0��ߑ 19a � E���9���
22 � F���� 22a E���A��� 23 E���H��� 23,0 E���N���� 23,1 � E���T���� 23,17 � E���Z���W 23,17,0 E���\���� 23,17,4 � E���f��ߴ 23,17,6 � E���g���� 23,17,7 | E���k���L 23,2 � E���s��ߦ 23,6 p E���u���� 23a `! E���|���e 24 �! E�����ߟ 25 h" E�������[ 28 �" E������߫ 29 p# F�����Q 31 DATA VDU List:
#Table 17 33
0 Null Operation
1 Send next char to printer
2 Enable printer
3 Disable printer
4 Split text,graphics cursors
5 Join text,graphics cursors
6 Enable screen output
7 Bell
8 Back space (move left )
9 Horizontal tab (move right)
10 Line feed (move down )
11 Vertical tab (move up )
12 Form feed/clear screen
13 Carriage return
14 Page mode on
15 Page mode off
16 Clear graphics window
<17> Set text colour
<18> Set graphics colour and action
<19> Set palette
20 Restore default colours
21 Disable screen output
<22> Change Screen Mode
<23> Misc
<24> Define graphics window
<25> Plot
26 Restore default windows
27 NoOp
<28> Define text window
<29> Set graphics origin
30 Home
<31> Position text cursor
127 Delete
#EndTable DATA4 VDU 17
Set text colour:
VDU 17,<colour=>17a>DATA� colour
0 - 127 : Foreground colour set.
128 - 255 : Background colour set to colour-128.
colour used = colour AND maxcol.
maxcol is 1,3,15 or 63 for 256-colour modes.DATA� VDU 18
VDU 18,<action=>18a>,<colour=>17a>
This VDU is used to define graphics fore or
background colour, and the way in which it
is to be plotted on the screen.DATA Action:
s is pixel on screen.
c is new colour.
Value Action
----- -----------------------------------------
0 s = c
1 s = s OR c
2 s = s AND c
3 s = s XOR c
4 s = NOT s
5
6 s = s AND NOT c
7 s = s OR NOT c
8-15 As 0-7 but background col is transparent.
16-31 Colour pattern 1, using action 0-15
32-47 Colour pattern 2, using action 0-15
48-63 Colour pattern 3, using action 0-15
64-79 Colour pattern 4, using action 0-15
80-95 Giant pattern, using action 0-15DATA� VDU 19
VDU 19,colour,<mode=>19a>,r,g,b
This VDU defines the RGB value for
the border, or one of the screen
or pointer colours. DATA� Mode:
Mode Action
---- ------------------------
0-15 logical col = actual col
16 logical colour = RGB
17 first flash = RGB
18 second flash = RGB
24 Border colour = RGB
25 Pointer col = RGB
Add 128 to set supremacy bit.
Only top four bits of R,G and B, is used
today, but if you want the colours to
look the same on a future 24-bit VIDC,
you should set bottom bits=top bits. DATA
VDU 22
VDU 22,<mode=>22a>
This VDU is used to select screen mode.
To read which mode is currently set, use
<OS_Byte=>SWI.OS_Byte> 135, and to read other info, use
<OS_ReadModeVariable=>SWI.OS_ReadModeVariable> or <OS_ReadVduVariables=>SWI.OS_ReadVduVariables>. DATA Standard Modes:
Mode col*row pixx*pixy colours Memory Type
#Line
0 80*32 640*256 2 20K ****-
1 40*32 320*256 4 20K ****-
2 20*32 160*256 16 40K ****-
3 80*25 Text only 2 40K ****-
4 40*32 320*256 2 20K ****-
5 20*32 160*256 4 20K ****-
6 40*25 Text only 2 20K ****-
7 40*25 Teletext 16 80K ****-
8 80*32 640*256 4 40K ****-
9 40*32 320*256 16 40K ****-
10 20*32 160*256 256 80K ****-
11 80*25 640*250 4 40K ****-
12 80*32 640*256 16 80K ****-
13 40*32 320*256 256 80K ****-
14 80*25 640*250 16 80K ****-
15 80*32 640*256 256 160K ****-
16 132*32 1056*256 16 132K **---
17 132*25 1056*250 16 132K **---
18 80*64 640*512 2 40K -*---
19 80*64 640*512 4 80K -*---
20 80*64 640*512 16 160K -*---
21 80*64 640*512 256 320K -*---
22 66*36 768*288 16 108K **---
23 144*56 1152*896 2 126K ----*
24 132*25 1056*256 256 264K **---
25 80*50 640*480 2 37.5K -***-
26 80*50 640*480 4 75K -***-
27 80*50 640*480 16 150K -***-
28 80*50 640*480 256 300K -***-
29 100*75 800*600 2 58.6K -*-*-
30 100*75 800*600 4 117.2K -*-*-
31 100*75 800*600 16 234.4K -*-*-
32
33 96*36 768*288 2 27K **---
34 96*36 768*288 4 54K **---
35 96*36 768*288 16 108K **---
36 96*36 768*288 256 216K **---
37 112*44 896*352 2 38.5K -*---
38 112*44 896*352 4 77K -*---
39 112*44 896*352 16 154K -*---
40 112*44 896*352 256 308K -*---
41 80*44 640*352 2 27.5K -***-
42 80*44 640*352 4 55K -***-
43 80*44 640*352 16 110K -***-
44 80*25 640*200 2 15.7K -***-
45 80*25 640*200 4 31.3K -***-
46 80*25 640*200 16 62.5K -***-
#Tab
�����
'TV'-type monitor �����
Multisync monitor ����
60 Hz VGA-type monitor ���
Super-VGA monitor ��
61.2 kHz high-res monochrome monitor � DATA� VDU 23
VDU 23,<command=>23a>,nine parameters
Miscellaneous commands.
Though few of the commands use all
of the nine parameters, they must
always be present. In BASIC, you
can use | to add eight 0'es:
VDU 23,0,10|
=VDU 23,0,10,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 DATA� VDU 23,0
Set the interlace and control cursor appearance.
VDU 23,0,action,mode,0,0,0,0,0,0
Action = 8 Set interlace:
Mode : 0 Set it to opposite of current *TV
1 Set it to current *TV
&80 Turn interlace off
&81 Turn interlace on
Action = 10 Set start line for cursor:
Mode bits 0-4 Start line (0 is top)
bits 5-6 00 Steady
01 Off
02 Fast flash
03 Slow flash
Action = 11 End line for cursor = Mode DATA� VDU 23,1
VDU 23,1,mode,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
This VDU controls the appearance
of the cursor:
0 Hide cursor
1 Show cursor
2 Steady cursor
3 Flashing corsor
The effect of this VDU is
cancelled when cursor editing occurs. DATA� VDU 23,17,x
<0-3=>23,17,0> Set tint
< 4=>23,17,4> Choose colour-pattern type
5 Swap text fore and background colour
< 6=>23,17,6> Set ECF origin
< 7=>23,17,7> Set char size and spacing DATAW VDU 23,17,0-3
This VDU is used to set the tint for a colour in
a 256-colour mode:
VDU 23,17,0,tint,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 Text foreground
VDU 23,17,1,tint,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 Text background
VDU 23,17,2,tint,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 Graphics foreground
VDU 23,17,3,tint,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 Graphics background
Tint is &00,&40,&80 or &C0 (uses only 2 top bits). DATA� VDU 23,17,4
VDU 23,17,4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 : Use ancient pattern
VDU 23,17,4,1,0,0,0,0,0,0 : Use new & improved
This VDU chooses which set of colour patterns
are used to interpret subsequent <VDU 23,2-5=>23,2>
calls. DATA� VDU 23,17,6
23,17,6,x;y;0,0,0
This VDU sets the point with which to align
the bottom left of the ECF pattern with.
You can also use <OS_SetECFOrigin=>SWI.OS_SetECFOrigin>DATA� VDU 23,17,7
VDU 23,17,7,flags,x;y;
Flagbits:
------------------------------------
0 Set size of VDU 5 characters.
(sizes 8*8 and 8*16 are fast, others slow)
1 Set spacing between VDU 5 characters.DATAL VDU 23,2-5
VDU 23,nr,eight colour bytes.
This VDU defines one of the ECF patterns
Nr is 2-5 for pattern 1-4.
Each of the eight colour bytes define one row
of the ECF pattern, and there are two modes:
a BBC-mode, and an Archimedes mode.
To choose mode, use <VDU 23,17,4=>23,17,4>.
Bit 0-7 in each colour byte,is used as follows:
Bits pr
pixel BBC pixels Archimedes pixels
------- --------------- -----------------
1 7,6,5,4,3,2,1,0 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
2 73,62,51,40 10,32,54,76
4 7531,6420 3210,7654
8 76543210 76543210DATA� VDU 23,6
VDU 23,6, 8 pattern bytes
This VDU sets the dot-dash line style
used by dotted <plot=>SWI.OS_Plot> commands.
The most significant bit is used first. DATA� VDU 23 commands:
< 0=>23,0> Set interlace & cursor appearance
< 1=>23,1> Control cursor appearance
<2-5=>23,2> Define ECF pattern & colours
< 6=>23,6> Set dot-dash line style
7 Scroll text window or screen
8 Clear block of text window
9 Set time for 1st flash colour
10 Set time for 2nd flash colour
11 Set default pattern
12-15 Define simple ECF & colours
16 Control cursor movement after print
<17=>23,17> Misc
32-255 Redefine a character.DATAe VDU 24
(rx,ty)
Define graphics window:
VDU 24,lx;by;rx;ty;
(lx,by) DATA� VDU 25
VDU 25,<command=>swi.os_plot0>,x;y;
This VDU executes a plot command.
It is faster (and simpler) to use
the SWI <OS_Plot=>SWI.OS_Plot> directly. DATA[ VDU 28
(rx,ty)
Define text window:
VDU 28,lx,by,rx,ty
(lx,by) DATA� VDU 29
VDU 29,x;y;
This VDU defines where on screen 0,0 is.
All graphics operations are relative to
this point. Graphics window remains at
same position on screen. DATAQ VDU 31
VDU 31,x,y
This VDU moves the text cursor to (x,y).
(0,0) is top left of current text window.
If (x,y) is outside text window, nothing
happens, unless scroll protect is enabled
and x = maxx+1 => cursor is moved to
(x-1,y), and a pending newline is generated.
Current position can be read with <OS_Byte=>SWI:OS_Byte> 134 00000000 48 45 4c 50 28 00 00 00 c9 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff |HELP(...........| 00000010 2c 00 00 00 00 fd ff ff 00 00 00 00 e8 02 00 00 |,...............| 00000020 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 24 00 00 00 44 49 52 24 |........$...DIR$| 00000030 f0 02 00 00 f0 02 00 00 1c 03 00 00 45 fd ff ff |............E...| 00000040 00 96 e8 df 15 03 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 00000050 21 52 6f 6f 74 00 00 00 34 06 00 00 45 fd ff ff |!Root...4...E...| 00000060 14 96 e8 df 34 00 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |....4...........| 00000070 31 37 00 00 68 06 00 00 46 fd ff ff 11 dd bd 0e |17..h...F.......| 00000080 b0 00 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 31 37 61 00 |............17a.| 00000090 18 07 00 00 45 fd ff ff 1e 96 e8 df a8 00 00 00 |....E...........| 000000a0 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 31 38 00 00 c0 07 00 00 |........18......| 000000b0 45 fd ff ff 26 96 e8 df 04 02 00 00 13 00 00 00 |E...&...........| 000000c0 00 00 00 00 31 38 61 00 c4 09 00 00 45 fd ff ff |....18a.....E...| 000000d0 2f 96 e8 df 86 00 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |/...............| 000000e0 31 39 00 00 4c 0a 00 00 45 fd ff ff 30 96 e8 df |19..L...E...0...| 000000f0 91 01 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 31 39 61 00 |............19a.| 00000100 e0 0b 00 00 45 fd ff ff 39 96 e8 df 0d 01 00 00 |....E...9.......| 00000110 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 32 32 00 00 f0 0c 00 00 |........22......| 00000120 46 fd ff ff e4 a4 1b 07 19 07 00 00 13 00 00 00 |F...............| 00000130 00 00 00 00 32 32 61 00 0c 14 00 00 45 fd ff ff |....22a.....E...| 00000140 41 96 e8 df fd 00 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |A...............| 00000150 32 33 00 00 0c 15 00 00 45 fd ff ff 48 96 e8 df |23......E...H...| 00000160 f9 01 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 32 33 2c 30 |............23,0| 00000170 00 00 00 00 08 17 00 00 45 fd ff ff 4e 96 e8 df |........E...N...| 00000180 e5 00 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 32 33 2c 31 |............23,1| 00000190 00 00 00 00 f0 17 00 00 45 fd ff ff 54 96 e8 df |........E...T...| 000001a0 c5 00 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 32 33 2c 31 |............23,1| 000001b0 37 00 00 00 b8 18 00 00 45 fd ff ff 5a 96 e8 df |7.......E...Z...| 000001c0 57 01 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 32 33 2c 31 |W...........23,1| 000001d0 37 2c 30 00 10 1a 00 00 45 fd ff ff 5c 96 e8 df |7,0.....E...\...| 000001e0 dd 00 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 32 33 2c 31 |............23,1| 000001f0 37 2c 34 00 f0 1a 00 00 45 fd ff ff 66 96 e8 df |7,4.....E...f...| 00000200 b4 00 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 32 33 2c 31 |............23,1| 00000210 37 2c 36 00 a4 1b 00 00 45 fd ff ff 67 96 e8 df |7,6.....E...g...| 00000220 d8 00 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 32 33 2c 31 |............23,1| 00000230 37 2c 37 00 7c 1c 00 00 45 fd ff ff 6b 96 e8 df |7,7.|...E...k...| 00000240 4c 02 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 32 33 2c 32 |L...........23,2| 00000250 00 00 00 00 c8 1e 00 00 45 fd ff ff 73 96 e8 df |........E...s...| 00000260 a6 00 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 32 33 2c 36 |............23,6| 00000270 00 00 00 00 70 1f 00 00 45 fd ff ff 75 96 e8 df |....p...E...u...| 00000280 f0 01 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 32 33 61 00 |............23a.| 00000290 60 21 00 00 45 fd ff ff 7c 96 e8 df 65 00 00 00 |`!..E...|...e...| 000002a0 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 32 34 00 00 c8 21 00 00 |........24...!..| 000002b0 45 fd ff ff 7f 96 e8 df 9f 00 00 00 13 00 00 00 |E...............| 000002c0 00 00 00 00 32 35 00 00 68 22 00 00 45 fd ff ff |....25..h"..E...| 000002d0 80 96 e8 df 5b 00 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |....[...........| 000002e0 32 38 00 00 c4 22 00 00 45 fd ff ff 81 96 e8 df |28..."..E.......| 000002f0 ab 00 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 32 39 00 00 |............29..| 00000300 70 23 00 00 46 fd ff ff ce c1 bd 0e 51 01 00 00 |p#..F.......Q...| 00000310 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 33 31 00 00 44 41 54 41 |........31..DATA| 00000320 15 03 00 00 56 44 55 20 4c 69 73 74 3a 0a 23 54 |....VDU List:.#T| 00000330 61 62 6c 65 20 31 37 20 33 33 0a 20 20 30 20 4e |able 17 33. 0 N| 00000340 75 6c 6c 20 4f 70 65 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 0a 20 20 |ull Operation. | 00000350 31 20 53 65 6e 64 20 6e 65 78 74 20 63 68 61 72 |1 Send next char| 00000360 20 74 6f 20 70 72 69 6e 74 65 72 0a 20 20 32 20 | to printer. 2 | 00000370 45 6e 61 62 6c 65 20 70 72 69 6e 74 65 72 0a 20 |Enable printer. | 00000380 20 33 20 44 69 73 61 62 6c 65 20 70 72 69 6e 74 | 3 Disable print| 00000390 65 72 0a 20 20 34 20 53 70 6c 69 74 20 74 65 78 |er. 4 Split tex| 000003a0 74 2c 67 72 61 70 68 69 63 73 20 63 75 72 73 6f |t,graphics curso| 000003b0 72 73 0a 20 20 35 20 4a 6f 69 6e 20 20 74 65 78 |rs. 5 Join tex| 000003c0 74 2c 67 72 61 70 68 69 63 73 20 63 75 72 73 6f |t,graphics curso| 000003d0 72 73 0a 20 20 36 20 45 6e 61 62 6c 65 20 73 63 |rs. 6 Enable sc| 000003e0 72 65 65 6e 20 6f 75 74 70 75 74 0a 20 20 37 20 |reen output. 7 | 000003f0 42 65 6c 6c 0a 20 20 38 20 42 61 63 6b 20 73 70 |Bell. 8 Back sp| 00000400 61 63 65 20 20 20 20 20 28 6d 6f 76 65 20 6c 65 |ace (move le| 00000410 66 74 20 29 0a 20 20 39 20 48 6f 72 69 7a 6f 6e |ft ). 9 Horizon| 00000420 74 61 6c 20 74 61 62 20 28 6d 6f 76 65 20 72 69 |tal tab (move ri| 00000430 67 68 74 29 0a 20 31 30 20 4c 69 6e 65 20 66 65 |ght). 10 Line fe| 00000440 65 64 20 20 20 20 20 20 28 6d 6f 76 65 20 64 6f |ed (move do| 00000450 77 6e 20 29 0a 20 31 31 20 56 65 72 74 69 63 61 |wn ). 11 Vertica| 00000460 6c 20 74 61 62 20 20 20 28 6d 6f 76 65 20 75 70 |l tab (move up| 00000470 20 20 20 29 0a 20 31 32 20 46 6f 72 6d 20 66 65 | ). 12 Form fe| 00000480 65 64 2f 63 6c 65 61 72 20 73 63 72 65 65 6e 0a |ed/clear screen.| 00000490 20 31 33 20 43 61 72 72 69 61 67 65 20 72 65 74 | 13 Carriage ret| 000004a0 75 72 6e 0a 20 31 34 20 50 61 67 65 20 6d 6f 64 |urn. 14 Page mod| 000004b0 65 20 6f 6e 0a 20 31 35 20 50 61 67 65 20 6d 6f |e on. 15 Page mo| 000004c0 64 65 20 6f 66 66 0a 20 31 36 20 43 6c 65 61 72 |de off. 16 Clear| 000004d0 20 67 72 61 70 68 69 63 73 20 77 69 6e 64 6f 77 | graphics window| 000004e0 0a 3c 31 37 3e 20 53 65 74 20 74 65 78 74 20 63 |.<17> Set text c| 000004f0 6f 6c 6f 75 72 0a 3c 31 38 3e 20 53 65 74 20 67 |olour.<18> Set g| 00000500 72 61 70 68 69 63 73 20 63 6f 6c 6f 75 72 20 61 |raphics colour a| 00000510 6e 64 20 61 63 74 69 6f 6e 0a 3c 31 39 3e 20 53 |nd action.<19> S| 00000520 65 74 20 70 61 6c 65 74 74 65 0a 32 30 20 52 65 |et palette.20 Re| 00000530 73 74 6f 72 65 20 64 65 66 61 75 6c 74 20 63 6f |store default co| 00000540 6c 6f 75 72 73 0a 32 31 20 44 69 73 61 62 6c 65 |lours.21 Disable| 00000550 20 73 63 72 65 65 6e 20 6f 75 74 70 75 74 0a 3c | screen output.<| 00000560 32 32 3e 20 43 68 61 6e 67 65 20 53 63 72 65 65 |22> Change Scree| 00000570 6e 20 4d 6f 64 65 0a 3c 32 33 3e 20 4d 69 73 63 |n Mode.<23> Misc| 00000580 0a 3c 32 34 3e 20 44 65 66 69 6e 65 20 67 72 61 |.<24> Define gra| 00000590 70 68 69 63 73 20 77 69 6e 64 6f 77 0a 3c 32 35 |phics window.<25| 000005a0 3e 20 50 6c 6f 74 0a 32 36 20 52 65 73 74 6f 72 |> Plot.26 Restor| 000005b0 65 20 64 65 66 61 75 6c 74 20 77 69 6e 64 6f 77 |e default window| 000005c0 73 0a 32 37 20 4e 6f 4f 70 0a 3c 32 38 3e 20 44 |s.27 NoOp.<28> D| 000005d0 65 66 69 6e 65 20 74 65 78 74 20 77 69 6e 64 6f |efine text windo| 000005e0 77 0a 3c 32 39 3e 20 53 65 74 20 67 72 61 70 68 |w.<29> Set graph| 000005f0 69 63 73 20 6f 72 69 67 69 6e 0a 33 30 20 48 6f |ics origin.30 Ho| 00000600 6d 65 0a 3c 33 31 3e 20 50 6f 73 69 74 69 6f 6e |me.<31> Position| 00000610 20 74 65 78 74 20 63 75 72 73 6f 72 0a 31 32 37 | text cursor.127| 00000620 20 44 65 6c 65 74 65 0a 23 45 6e 64 54 61 62 6c | Delete.#EndTabl| 00000630 65 00 00 00 44 41 54 41 34 00 00 00 56 44 55 20 |e...DATA4...VDU | 00000640 31 37 0a 53 65 74 20 74 65 78 74 20 63 6f 6c 6f |17.Set text colo| 00000650 75 72 3a 0a 56 44 55 20 31 37 2c 3c 63 6f 6c 6f |ur:.VDU 17,<colo| 00000660 75 72 3d 3e 31 37 61 3e 44 41 54 41 b0 00 00 00 |ur=>17a>DATA....| 00000670 63 6f 6c 6f 75 72 0a 30 09 2d 09 31 32 37 09 3a |colour.0.-.127.:| 00000680 20 46 6f 72 65 67 72 6f 75 6e 64 20 63 6f 6c 6f | Foreground colo| 00000690 75 72 20 73 65 74 2e 0a 31 32 38 09 2d 09 32 35 |ur set..128.-.25| 000006a0 35 09 3a 20 42 61 63 6b 67 72 6f 75 6e 64 20 63 |5.: Background c| 000006b0 6f 6c 6f 75 72 20 73 65 74 20 74 6f 20 63 6f 6c |olour set to col| 000006c0 6f 75 72 2d 31 32 38 2e 0a 0a 63 6f 6c 6f 75 72 |our-128...colour| 000006d0 20 75 73 65 64 20 3d 20 63 6f 6c 6f 75 72 20 41 | used = colour A| 000006e0 4e 44 20 6d 61 78 63 6f 6c 2e 0a 0a 6d 61 78 63 |ND maxcol...maxc| 000006f0 6f 6c 20 69 73 20 31 2c 33 2c 31 35 20 6f 72 20 |ol is 1,3,15 or | 00000700 36 33 20 66 6f 72 20 32 35 36 2d 63 6f 6c 6f 75 |63 for 256-colou| 00000710 72 20 6d 6f 64 65 73 2e 44 41 54 41 a8 00 00 00 |r modes.DATA....| 00000720 56 44 55 20 31 38 0a 56 44 55 20 31 38 2c 3c 61 |VDU 18.VDU 18,<a| 00000730 63 74 69 6f 6e 3d 3e 31 38 61 3e 2c 3c 63 6f 6c |ction=>18a>,<col| 00000740 6f 75 72 3d 3e 31 37 61 3e 0a 54 68 69 73 20 56 |our=>17a>.This V| 00000750 44 55 20 69 73 20 75 73 65 64 20 74 6f 20 64 65 |DU is used to de| 00000760 66 69 6e 65 20 67 72 61 70 68 69 63 73 20 66 6f |fine graphics fo| 00000770 72 65 20 6f 72 0a 62 61 63 6b 67 72 6f 75 6e 64 |re or.background| 00000780 20 63 6f 6c 6f 75 72 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 | colour, and the| 00000790 20 77 61 79 20 69 6e 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 69 74 | way in which it| 000007a0 0a 69 73 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 70 6c 6f 74 74 65 |.is to be plotte| 000007b0 64 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 73 63 72 65 65 6e 2e |d on the screen.| 000007c0 44 41 54 41 04 02 00 00 41 63 74 69 6f 6e 3a 0a |DATA....Action:.| 000007d0 73 20 69 73 20 70 69 78 65 6c 20 6f 6e 20 73 63 |s is pixel on sc| 000007e0 72 65 65 6e 2e 0a 63 20 69 73 20 6e 65 77 20 63 |reen..c is new c| 000007f0 6f 6c 6f 75 72 2e 0a 0a 56 61 6c 75 65 20 20 41 |olour...Value A| 00000800 63 74 69 6f 6e 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 20 20 2d 2d 2d |ction.----- ---| 00000810 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |----------------| * 00000830 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a 20 20 20 20 30 20 20 73 20 |------. 0 s | 00000840 3d 20 63 0a 20 20 20 20 31 20 20 73 20 3d 20 73 |= c. 1 s = s| 00000850 20 4f 52 20 63 0a 20 20 20 20 32 20 20 73 20 3d | OR c. 2 s =| 00000860 20 73 20 41 4e 44 20 63 0a 20 20 20 20 33 20 20 | s AND c. 3 | 00000870 73 20 3d 20 73 20 58 4f 52 20 63 0a 20 20 20 20 |s = s XOR c. | 00000880 34 20 20 73 20 3d 20 4e 4f 54 20 73 0a 20 20 20 |4 s = NOT s. | 00000890 20 35 0a 20 20 20 20 36 20 20 73 20 3d 20 73 20 | 5. 6 s = s | 000008a0 41 4e 44 20 4e 4f 54 20 63 0a 20 20 20 20 37 20 |AND NOT c. 7 | 000008b0 20 73 20 3d 20 73 20 4f 52 20 4e 4f 54 20 63 0a | s = s OR NOT c.| 000008c0 20 38 2d 31 35 20 20 41 73 20 30 2d 37 20 62 75 | 8-15 As 0-7 bu| 000008d0 74 20 62 61 63 6b 67 72 6f 75 6e 64 20 63 6f 6c |t background col| 000008e0 20 69 73 20 74 72 61 6e 73 70 61 72 65 6e 74 2e | is transparent.| 000008f0 0a 31 36 2d 33 31 20 20 43 6f 6c 6f 75 72 20 70 |.16-31 Colour p| 00000900 61 74 74 65 72 6e 20 31 2c 20 75 73 69 6e 67 20 |attern 1, using | 00000910 61 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 30 2d 31 35 0a 33 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| 000012f0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | * 00001310 20 20 20 20 92 92 92 92 92 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 | ...... | 00001320 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 00001330 20 27 54 56 27 2d 74 79 70 65 20 6d 6f 6e 69 74 | 'TV'-type monit| 00001340 6f 72 20 20 94 92 92 92 92 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 |or ...... | 00001350 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 00001360 20 20 4d 75 6c 74 69 73 79 6e 63 20 6d 6f 6e 69 | Multisync moni| 00001370 74 6f 72 20 20 94 92 92 92 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 |tor ..... | 00001380 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 36 | 6| 00001390 30 20 48 7a 20 56 47 41 2d 74 79 70 65 20 6d 6f |0 Hz VGA-type mo| 000013a0 6e 69 74 6f 72 20 94 92 92 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 |nitor .... | 000013b0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 000013c0 20 20 20 20 20 53 75 70 65 72 2d 56 47 41 20 6d | Super-VGA m| 000013d0 6f 6e 69 74 6f 72 20 94 92 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 |onitor ... | 000013e0 20 20 36 31 2e 32 20 6b 48 7a 20 68 69 67 68 2d | 61.2 kHz high-| 000013f0 72 65 73 20 6d 6f 6e 6f 63 68 72 6f 6d 65 20 6d |res monochrome m| 00001400 6f 6e 69 74 6f 72 20 20 94 00 00 00 44 41 54 41 |onitor ....DATA| 00001410 fd 00 00 00 56 44 55 20 32 33 0a 56 44 55 20 32 |....VDU 23.VDU 2| 00001420 33 2c 3c 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 3d 3e 32 33 61 3e |3,<command=>23a>| 00001430 2c 6e 69 6e 65 20 70 61 72 61 6d 65 74 65 72 73 |,nine parameters| 00001440 0a 4d 69 73 63 65 6c 6c 61 6e 65 6f 75 73 20 63 |.Miscellaneous c| 00001450 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 73 2e 0a 54 68 6f 75 67 68 20 |ommands..Though | 00001460 66 65 77 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 |few of the comma| 00001470 6e 64 73 20 75 73 65 20 61 6c 6c 0a 6f 66 20 74 |nds use all.of t| 00001480 68 65 20 6e 69 6e 65 20 70 61 72 61 6d 65 74 65 |he nine paramete| 00001490 72 73 2c 20 74 68 65 79 20 6d 75 73 74 0a 61 6c |rs, they must.al| 000014a0 77 61 79 73 20 62 65 20 70 72 65 73 65 6e 74 2e |ways be present.| 000014b0 20 49 6e 20 42 41 53 49 43 2c 20 79 6f 75 20 0a | In BASIC, you .| 000014c0 63 61 6e 20 75 73 65 20 7c 20 74 6f 20 61 64 64 |can use | to add| 000014d0 20 65 69 67 68 74 20 30 27 65 73 3a 0a 20 20 56 | eight 0'es:. V| 000014e0 44 55 20 32 33 2c 30 2c 31 30 7c 0a 20 3d 56 44 |DU 23,0,10|. =VD| 000014f0 55 20 32 33 2c 30 2c 31 30 2c 30 2c 30 2c 30 2c |U 23,0,10,0,0,0,| 00001500 30 2c 30 2c 30 2c 30 2c 30 00 00 00 44 41 54 41 |0,0,0,0,0...DATA| 00001510 f9 01 00 00 56 44 55 20 32 33 2c 30 0a 53 65 74 |....VDU 23,0.Set| 00001520 20 74 68 65 20 69 6e 74 65 72 6c 61 63 65 20 61 | the interlace a| 00001530 6e 64 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c 20 63 75 72 73 6f |nd control curso| 00001540 72 20 61 70 70 65 61 72 61 6e 63 65 2e 0a 56 44 |r appearance..VD| 00001550 55 20 32 33 2c 30 2c 61 63 74 69 6f 6e 2c 6d 6f |U 23,0,action,mo| 00001560 64 65 2c 30 2c 30 2c 30 2c 30 2c 30 2c 30 0a 0a |de,0,0,0,0,0,0..| 00001570 41 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 3d 20 20 38 20 20 53 65 74 |Action = 8 Set| 00001580 20 69 6e 74 65 72 6c 61 63 65 3a 0a 20 20 4d 6f | interlace:. 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