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11-09-88/T\DFS05
This website contains an archive of files for the Acorn Electron, BBC Micro, Acorn Archimedes, Commodore 16 and Commodore 64 computers, which Dominic Ford has rescued from his private collection of floppy disks and cassettes.
Some of these files were originally commercial releases in the 1980s and 1990s, but they are now widely available online. I assume that copyright over them is no longer being asserted. If you own the copyright and would like files to be removed, please contact me.
| Tape/disk: | Home » CEEFAX disks » telesoftware9.adl |
| Filename: | 11-09-88/T\DFS05 |
| Read OK: | ✔ |
| File size: | 423D bytes |
| Load address: | 0000 |
| Exec address: | FFFFFFFF |
File contents
The Acorn DFS Osword commands - by - Gordon Horsington
----------------------------------------------------------
Module 5. Creating discs compatible with both 40 and 80 track drives
--------------------------------------------------------------------
+----------------------------------------------------------+
| All the DFS modules in this series use programs which |
| experiment with the format and contents of discs. These |
| experiments may have disasterous effects if you use any |
| of the programs on discs which store programs or data |
| which you cannot afford to lose. You should first try |
| out the programs using discs that have either been |
| duplicated or, better still, have not been used at all. |
+----------------------------------------------------------+
In this module I will examine the problem of modifying eighty track discs
so that they work properly on both forty and eighty track disc drives. I
will demonstrate how this can be done on an unswitched eighty track disc
drive using an Osword &7F based program and a disc formatting program. I
will then describe how the same dual format disc can be created with only
a disc formatting program if a 40/80 track switchable disc drive is
available.
Forty track discs have a track density exactly one half of that used by
eighty track discs. Track &00 of both forty and eighty track discs share
the same physical position as the outer track on the disc. Track &01 on a
forty track disc is in the same physical position as track &02 on an
eighty track disc, track &02 is in the same position as track &04, and so
on. The relative position of the physical tracks on forty and eighty track
discs is shown in figure 1.
40T> 00 01 ... 09 0A 0B ... 13 14 15 ... 25 26 27
80T> 00 01 02 ... 12 13 14 15 16 ... 26 27 28 29 2A ... 4A 4B 4C 4D 4E 4F
Figure 1. The relative position of tracks on 40 and 80 track discs
------------------------------------------------------------------
All the numbers in figures 1 and 2 are in hexadecimal and I have used the
term track density refers to the physical proximity of the tracks (which
are closer together on 80 track discs). Because the track density of an
eighty track disc is twice that of a forty track disc, an eighty track
disc is sometimes refered to as double density even if it uses a single
density format. I will not refer to 80 track discs as double density
because this can be confused with the double density ADFS, which can use
80 track discs in a double density format.
Figure 2 illustrates one method of formatting a single density disc so
that the same disc can be used with either a forty or an eighty track
disc drive.
00 01 02 ... 12 13 14 15 16 ... 26 27 14 15 16 ... 25 26 27
| \-------------/ \----------------/ \-------------------------------/
| &01-&13 unused &14-&27 &14-&27
| 80 track density 80 track density 40 track density
|
Track &00, common to both track densities
Figure 2. The format for 40/80 track discs
------------------------------------------
The disc can be divided into four regions.
1) Track &00, which is common to both forty and eighty track densities.
2) Tracks &01 to &13 (1 to 19 decimal) in eighty track density are unused.
3) Tracks &14 to &27 (20 to 39 decimal) used in eighty track density.
4) Tracks &14 to &27 (20 to 39 decimal) used in forty track density.
The data stored on this type of dual format disc are stored on track &00
and tracks &14 to &27. The data on tracks &14 to &27 are stored twice,
once in forty track density and once in eighty track density. Sectors &00
and &01 of track &00 are used to store the catalogue for the disc. The
remaining sectors on track &00 give a total of 2k available for data.
Tracks &14 to &27 have 50k available for data. This dual format disc makes
52k available for programs and data.
This type of disc can be created on an eighty track disc drive by using a
forty track disc formatting program to format the first forty tracks on a
disc in an eighty track disc drive. You can use the program OFFSET
introduced in module 3 if you want to optimise the logical sector offset.
Store a 2k (&800 bytes) dummy !BOOT file to fill track &00 and a large
(47.5k), locked dummy file to fill tracks &01 to &13. These files can be
created with the following commands:
*SAVE :0.$.!BOOT 1900+400
*SAVE :0.D.DUMMY 1900+BE00
*ACCESS :0.D.DUMMY L
Up to 50k of data can then be stored on tracks &14 to &27 using the DFS
star commands. Do not use the filenames $.!BOOT or D.DUMMY. When all the
data, except the real !BOOT file, are stored on the disc then the dummy
!BOOT file can be deleted and the real !BOOT file (which must not be
longer than 2k) can be stored. Do not delete the dummy file D.DUMMY
because this file is making sure that tracks &01 to &13 inclusive remain
unused (see figure 2).
When all the programs and data have been copied onto the disc then logical
tracks &14 to &27 should be copied from the eighty track density physical
tracks to the forty track density physical tracks. Physical track &14
(eighty track density) will be copied onto physical track &28 (eighty
track density), physical track &15 will be copied onto physical track &2A
and so on as shown in figure 3.
Read physical track -> Format and write physical track
&14 -> &28
&15 -> &2A
&16 -> &2C
&17 -> &2E
.
.
.
&25 -> &4B
&26 -> &4C
&27 -> &4E
Figure 3. The required copying of physical tracks
-------------------------------------------------
This copying will produce the format shown in figure 2. The following
algorithm can be used to implement this idea using a disc which has had
the first forty tracks formatted in an eighty track disc drive. It is
important to format only the first forty tracks so that the DFS
recognises the disc as a forty track disc even though it is used in an
eighty track disc drive. Use *FORMAT 40 0 (or whatever is appropriate with
your system). Do not use *FORMAT 80 0 and press Escape after forty tracks
have been formatted because, if you do, the DFS will still recognise the
disc as an eighty track disc even though only the first forty tracks have
been formatted.
1) Start with physical track number &14 (decimal 20).
2) Read the sector IDs on the current physical track. These will be used
to create the sector data for formatting the forty track copy.
3) Read all the data on the current track into a buffer.
4) Seek the current physical track * 2. This will be where the forty
track copy will be written.
5) Write the physical track number (&14-&27) into the track register
(number &12). This will allow the eighty track disc drive to write the
data onto a track in the position it would use on a forty track disc
drive.
6) Format the track found in step 4) using the sector data from step 2).
7) Write the contents of the buffer onto the newly formatted track.
8) Write the physical track number * 2 (&28-&4E) into the track register
(number &12). This takes the disc controller back to the eighty track
status.
9) Increment the track number. If it is less than &28 (decimal 40) then go
back to 2) to duplicate the next track.
This algorithm has been implemented in the program DUALDFS. You must use
the program DUALDFS with an eighty track disc drive (drive &00) to convert
a disc formatted as described above into a 40/80 track disc. The program
will not work with copy-protected discs and you should only use it after
you have made a backup copy of all the files on the disc you intend to
convert.
If you use DUALDFS and press the Escape key before it has finished the
conversion you will only be able to use the disc on an eighty track disc
drive. Do not attempt to use the program to make the conversion using a
forty track disc drive. You have been warned to be careful with all the
programs used to illustrate this series. Whatever modifications you make
to this or any other of the programs used to ilustrate the DFS modules of
the series, don't ignore the warning about the potentially disasterous
effects these programs can have on your discs.
After using DUALDFS to create a dual format disc you must not use the
command *COMPACT with the disc. It is a good idea stick a write-protect
tab on all dual format discs.
10 REM: DUALDFS
20 osnewl=&FFE7
30 oswrch=&FFEE
40 osword=&FFF1
50 osbyte=&FFF4
60 DIM table &50
70 DIM mcode &500
80 DIM buffer &1000
90 FOR pass=0 TO 2 STEP 2
100 P%=mcode
110 [ OPT pass
120 JSR osnewl
130 .mainloop
140 JSR escape \ check escape flag
150 JSR sectorids \ read all sector ids
160 JSR read \ read all sectors
170 JSR seektwo \ seek source track * 2
180 LDA track \ source track number
190 JSR register \ write track register
200 JSR format \ format 2 * source track
210 JSR write \ write all sectors
220 LDA track \ load source track
230 ASL A \ *2 = physical track number
240 JSR register \ write track register
250 JSR printbyte \ print track number
260 INC track \ increment source track number
270 LDA track \ load source track number
280 CMP #40 \ all done?
290 BNE mainloop \ if not read next track
300 JSR osnewl
310 RTS \ return to BASIC
320 .escape
330 LDA &FF \ escape flag
340 BMI pressed \ bit 7 set if pressed
350 RTS
360 .pressed
370 LDA #&7E
380 JSR osbyte \ acknowledge Escape
390 BRK
400 BRK
410 EQUS "Escape"
420 BRK
430 .seektwo
440 LDA track \ source track number
450 ASL A \ *2
460 STA seekblock+7 \ physical track number
470 LDA #&7F
480 LDX #seekblock MOD 256
490 LDY #seekblock DIV 256
500 JSR osword
510 LDA seekblock+8 \ result
520 BNE seekerror \ = 0 if OK
530 RTS
540 .seekerror
550 BRK
560 BRK
570 EQUS "Seek error"
580 BRK
590 .format
600 LDA track \ source track number
610 STA formblock+7 \ store physical track
620 JSR register \ write track register
630 LDA #&7F
640 LDX #formblock MOD 256
650 LDY #formblock DIV 256
660 JSR osword
670 LDA formblock+12 \ result
680 BNE formerror \ = 0 if OK
690 RTS
700 .formerror
710 BRK
720 BRK
730 EQUS "Format error"
740 BRK
750 .register
760 STA regblock+8 \ value to put in register
770 LDA #&7F
780 LDX #regblock MOD 256
790 LDY #regblock DIV 256
800 JSR osword
810 LDA regblock+9 \ result
820 BNE regerror \ = 0 if OK
830 RTS
840 .regerror
850 BRK
860 BRK
870 EQUS "Special register error"
880 BRK
890 .sectorids
900 LDA track \ source track number
910 STA idsblock+7 \ store physical track
920 LDA #&7F
930 LDX #idsblock MOD 256
940 LDY #idsblock DIV 256
950 JSR osword
960 LDA idsblock+10 \ result
970 BNE idserror \ = 0 if OK
980 RTS
990 .idserror
1000 BRK
1010 BRK
1020 EQUS "Sector ID Error"
1030 BRK
1040 .read
1050 LDA track \ source track number
1060 STA copyblock+7 \ logical track number
1070 LDA #&53 \ read data multi-sector
1080 STA copyblock+6
1090 LDA #&7F
1100 LDX #copyblock MOD 256
1110 LDY #copyblock DIV 256
1120 JSR osword
1130 LDA copyblock+10
1140 BNE readerror
1150 RTS
1160 .readerror
1170 BRK
1180 BRK
1190 EQUS "Read error"
1200 BRK
1210 .write
1220 LDA #&4B \ write data multi-sector
1230 STA copyblock+6
1240 LDA #&7F
1250 LDX #copyblock MOD 256
1260 LDY #copyblock DIV 256
1270 JSR osword
1280 LDA copyblock+10 \ result
1290 BNE writeerror \ = 0 if OK
1300 RTS
1310 .writeerror
1320 BRK
1330 BRK
1340 EQUS "Write error"
1350 BRK
1360 .printbyte
1370 LDA track \ print source track number
1380 PHA
1390 LSR A
1400 LSR A
1410 LSR A
1420 LSR A
1430 JSR nybble \ print MS nybble
1440 PLA
1450 JSR nybble \ print LS nybble
1460 LDA #ASC(" ")
1470 JSR oswrch \ print space
1480 JMP oswrch \ print space
1490 .nybble
1500 AND #&0F
1510 SED
1520 CLC
1530 ADC #&90
1540 ADC #&40
1550 CLD
1560 JMP oswrch \ print nybble and return
1570 .seekblock
1580 EQUB &00 \ drive 0
1590 EQUD &00 \ does not matter
1600 EQUB &01 \ 1 parameter
1601 EQUB &69 \ seek command
1602 EQUB &00 \ physical track number
1603 EQUB &00 \ result
1610 .regblock
1620 EQUB &00 \ drive 0
1630 EQUD &00 \ does not matter
1640 EQUB &02 \ 2 parameters
1641 EQUB &7A \ write special register
1642 EQUB &12 \ track register, drive 0/2
1643 EQUB &00 \ value to be put in register
1650 EQUB &00 \ result
1660 .idsblock
1670 EQUB &00 \ drive 0
1680 EQUD table \ address of buffer
1690 EQUB &03 \ 3 parameters
1691 EQUB &5B \ read sector IDs command
1692 EQUB &00 \ physical track number
1693 EQUB &00
1700 EQUB &0A \ number of IDs
1701 EQUB &00 \ result
1710 .copyblock
1720 EQUB &00 \ drive 0
1730 EQUD buffer \ address of buffer
1740 EQUB &03 \ 3 parameters
1741 EQUB &57 \ read data multi-sector
1742 EQUB &00 \ logical track number
1743 EQUB &00 \ start logical sector number
1750 EQUB &2A \ 10 sectors of 256 bytes
1751 EQUB &00 \ result
1760 .formblock
1770 EQUB &00 \ drive 0
1780 EQUD table \ address of sector table
1790 EQUB &05 \ 5 parameters
1791 EQUB &63 \ format command
1792 EQUB &00 \ physical track number
1793 EQUB &15 \ gap 3 size
1800 EQUB &2A \ 10 sectors of 256 bytes
1801 EQUB &00 \ gap 5 size
1802 EQUB &10 \ gap 1 size
1803 EQUB &00 \ result
1810 .track
1820 EQUB 20 \ use tracks 20-39
1830 ]
1840 NEXT
1850 PRINT'"Place 40 track formatted 80 track disc"
1860 PRINT"in drive 0, and press Spacebar"
1870 REPEAT
1880 UNTIL GET = 32
1890 CALL mcode
If you have a switched 40/80 track disc drive it is quite easy to produce
dual format discs without using a conversion program such as DUALDFS. To
produce a dual format disc you need to use a forty track formatter and to
be very careful about the order in which files are saved on the dual
format disc. The following algorith will produce dual formatted discs.
1) Switch the disc drive to 40 track mode.
2) Format a disc using a forty track formatter.
3) Switch the disc drive to 80 track mode.
4) Format the same disc again using the same forty track formatter.
5) Fill track &00 with a dummy !BOOT file using
*SAVE !BOOT 1900+800
6) Fill tracks &01 to &13 with a locked dummy file. use the commands:
*SAVE D.DUMMY 1900+BE00
*ACESS D.DUMMY L
7) Copy up to 50k of programs onto the disc. Don't use the filenames
$.!BOOT or D.DUMMY.
8) Switch the disc drive to 40 track mode.
9) Copy the same files copied in step 7) onto the disc in exactly the same
order. It is important that the order should be exactly the same.
10) Delete the dummy !BOOT file and store the real !BOOT file on the disc.
The !BOOT file must not be longer than 2k.
This method will produce exactly the same dual format disc as that
produced by the program DUALDFS but it does require the use of a switched
disc drive and a great deal of care in storing the files in the same order
on both formats.
00000000 54 68 65 20 41 63 6f 72 6e 20 44 46 53 20 4f 73 |The Acorn DFS Os|
00000010 77 6f 72 64 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 73 20 20 2d |word commands -|
00000020 20 20 62 79 20 20 2d 20 20 47 6f 72 64 6f 6e 20 | by - Gordon |
00000030 48 6f 72 73 69 6e 67 74 6f 6e 0d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |Horsington.-----|
00000040 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |----------------|
*
00000070 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0d 4d 6f 64 75 6c 65 20 35 2e |-----..Module 5.|
00000080 20 43 72 65 61 74 69 6e 67 20 64 69 73 63 73 20 | Creating discs |
00000090 63 6f 6d 70 61 74 69 62 6c 65 20 77 69 74 68 20 |compatible with |
000000a0 62 6f 74 68 20 34 30 20 61 6e 64 20 38 30 20 74 |both 40 and 80 t|
000000b0 72 61 63 6b 20 64 72 69 76 65 73 0d 2d 2d 2d 2d |rack drives.----|
000000c0 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |----------------|
*
00000100 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 2b 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |.. +-------|
00000110 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |----------------|
*
00000140 2d 2d 2d 2b 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 20 41 6c 6c |---+. | All|
00000150 20 74 68 65 20 44 46 53 20 6d 6f 64 75 6c 65 73 | the DFS modules|
00000160 20 69 6e 20 20 74 68 69 73 20 20 73 65 72 69 65 | in this serie|
00000170 73 20 20 75 73 65 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 20 |s use programs |
00000180 77 68 69 63 68 20 7c 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 20 |which |. | |
00000190 65 78 70 65 72 69 6d 65 6e 74 20 20 77 69 74 68 |experiment with|
000001a0 20 74 68 65 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 20 61 6e 64 20 | the format and |
000001b0 63 6f 6e 74 65 6e 74 73 20 6f 66 20 64 69 73 63 |contents of disc|
000001c0 73 2e 20 54 68 65 73 65 20 7c 0d 20 20 20 20 20 |s. These |. |
000001d0 20 7c 20 65 78 70 65 72 69 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 6d | | experiments m|
000001e0 61 79 20 20 68 61 76 65 20 64 69 73 61 73 74 65 |ay have disaste|
000001f0 72 6f 75 73 20 65 66 66 65 63 74 73 20 69 66 20 |rous effects if |
00000200 79 6f 75 20 75 73 65 20 61 6e 79 20 7c 0d 20 20 |you use any |. |
00000210 20 20 20 20 7c 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 6f | | of the pro|
00000220 67 72 61 6d 73 20 20 6f 6e 20 20 64 69 73 63 73 |grams on discs|
00000230 20 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 73 74 6f 72 65 20 70 72 | which store pr|
00000240 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 20 6f 72 20 64 61 74 61 20 7c |ograms or data ||
00000250 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 79 |. | which y|
00000260 6f 75 20 63 61 6e 6e 6f 74 20 61 66 66 6f 72 64 |ou cannot afford|
00000270 20 74 6f 20 6c 6f 73 65 2e 20 20 59 6f 75 20 20 | to lose. You |
00000280 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 74 72 |should first tr|
00000290 79 20 7c 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 20 6f 75 74 20 |y |. | out |
000002a0 20 74 68 65 20 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 20 20 | the programs |
000002b0 75 73 69 6e 67 20 20 64 69 73 63 73 20 20 74 68 |using discs th|
000002c0 61 74 20 20 68 61 76 65 20 65 69 74 68 65 72 20 |at have either |
000002d0 62 65 65 6e 20 7c 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 20 64 |been |. | d|
000002e0 75 70 6c 69 63 61 74 65 64 20 6f 72 2c 20 62 65 |uplicated or, be|
000002f0 74 74 65 72 20 73 74 69 6c 6c 2c 20 68 61 76 65 |tter still, have|
00000300 20 6e 6f 74 20 62 65 65 6e 20 75 73 65 64 20 61 | not been used a|
00000310 74 20 61 6c 6c 2e 20 20 7c 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 |t all. |. |
00000320 2b 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |+---------------|
00000330 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |----------------|
*
00000350 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2b 0d 0d 0d 49 |-----------+...I|
00000360 6e 20 74 68 69 73 20 6d 6f 64 75 6c 65 20 49 20 |n this module I |
00000370 77 69 6c 6c 20 65 78 61 6d 69 6e 65 20 74 68 65 |will examine the|
00000380 20 70 72 6f 62 6c 65 6d 20 6f 66 20 6d 6f 64 69 | problem of modi|
00000390 66 79 69 6e 67 20 65 69 67 68 74 79 20 74 72 61 |fying eighty tra|
000003a0 63 6b 20 64 69 73 63 73 0d 73 6f 20 74 68 61 74 |ck discs.so that|
000003b0 20 74 68 65 79 20 77 6f 72 6b 20 70 72 6f 70 65 | they work prope|
000003c0 72 6c 79 20 6f 6e 20 62 6f 74 68 20 66 6f 72 74 |rly on both fort|
000003d0 79 20 61 6e 64 20 65 69 67 68 74 79 20 74 72 61 |y and eighty tra|
000003e0 63 6b 20 64 69 73 63 20 64 72 69 76 65 73 2e 20 |ck disc drives. |
000003f0 49 0d 77 69 6c 6c 20 64 65 6d 6f 6e 73 74 72 61 |I.will demonstra|
00000400 74 65 20 68 6f 77 20 74 68 69 73 20 63 61 6e 20 |te how this can |
00000410 62 65 20 64 6f 6e 65 20 6f 6e 20 61 6e 20 75 6e |be done on an un|
00000420 73 77 69 74 63 68 65 64 20 65 69 67 68 74 79 20 |switched eighty |
00000430 74 72 61 63 6b 20 64 69 73 63 0d 64 72 69 76 65 |track disc.drive|
00000440 20 75 73 69 6e 67 20 61 6e 20 4f 73 77 6f 72 64 | using an Osword|
00000450 20 26 37 46 20 62 61 73 65 64 20 70 72 6f 67 72 | &7F based progr|
00000460 61 6d 20 61 6e 64 20 61 20 64 69 73 63 20 66 6f |am and a disc fo|
00000470 72 6d 61 74 74 69 6e 67 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d |rmatting program|
00000480 2e 20 49 0d 77 69 6c 6c 20 74 68 65 6e 20 64 65 |. I.will then de|
00000490 73 63 72 69 62 65 20 68 6f 77 20 74 68 65 20 73 |scribe how the s|
000004a0 61 6d 65 20 64 75 61 6c 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 20 |ame dual format |
000004b0 64 69 73 63 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 63 72 65 61 |disc can be crea|
000004c0 74 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 6f 6e 6c 79 0d 61 20 |ted with only.a |
000004d0 64 69 73 63 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 74 69 6e 67 20 |disc formatting |
000004e0 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 69 66 20 61 20 34 30 2f |program if a 40/|
000004f0 38 30 20 74 72 61 63 6b 20 73 77 69 74 63 68 61 |80 track switcha|
00000500 62 6c 65 20 64 69 73 63 20 64 72 69 76 65 20 69 |ble disc drive i|
00000510 73 0d 61 76 61 69 6c 61 62 6c 65 2e 0d 0d 46 6f |s.available...Fo|
00000520 72 74 79 20 74 72 61 63 6b 20 64 69 73 63 73 20 |rty track discs |
00000530 68 61 76 65 20 61 20 74 72 61 63 6b 20 64 65 6e |have a track den|
00000540 73 69 74 79 20 65 78 61 63 74 6c 79 20 6f 6e 65 |sity exactly one|
00000550 20 68 61 6c 66 20 6f 66 20 74 68 61 74 20 75 73 | half of that us|
00000560 65 64 20 62 79 0d 65 69 67 68 74 79 20 74 72 61 |ed by.eighty tra|
00000570 63 6b 20 64 69 73 63 73 2e 20 54 72 61 63 6b 20 |ck discs. Track |
00000580 26 30 30 20 6f 66 20 62 6f 74 68 20 66 6f 72 74 |&00 of both fort|
00000590 79 20 61 6e 64 20 65 69 67 68 74 79 20 74 72 61 |y and eighty tra|
000005a0 63 6b 20 64 69 73 63 73 20 73 68 61 72 65 0d 74 |ck discs share.t|
000005b0 68 65 20 73 61 6d 65 20 70 68 79 73 69 63 61 6c |he same physical|
000005c0 20 70 6f 73 69 74 69 6f 6e 20 61 73 20 74 68 65 | position as the|
000005d0 20 6f 75 74 65 72 20 74 72 61 63 6b 20 6f 6e 20 | outer track on |
000005e0 74 68 65 20 64 69 73 63 2e 20 54 72 61 63 6b 20 |the disc. Track |
000005f0 26 30 31 20 6f 6e 20 61 0d 66 6f 72 74 79 20 74 |&01 on a.forty t|
00000600 72 61 63 6b 20 64 69 73 63 20 69 73 20 69 6e 20 |rack disc is in |
00000610 74 68 65 20 73 61 6d 65 20 70 68 79 73 69 63 61 |the same physica|
00000620 6c 20 70 6f 73 69 74 69 6f 6e 20 61 73 20 74 72 |l position as tr|
00000630 61 63 6b 20 26 30 32 20 6f 6e 20 61 6e 0d 65 69 |ack &02 on an.ei|
00000640 67 68 74 79 20 74 72 61 63 6b 20 64 69 73 63 2c |ghty track disc,|
00000650 20 74 72 61 63 6b 20 26 30 32 20 69 73 20 69 6e | track &02 is in|
00000660 20 74 68 65 20 73 61 6d 65 20 70 6f 73 69 74 69 | the same positi|
00000670 6f 6e 20 61 73 20 74 72 61 63 6b 20 26 30 34 2c |on as track &04,|
00000680 20 61 6e 64 20 73 6f 0d 6f 6e 2e 20 54 68 65 20 | and so.on. The |
00000690 72 65 6c 61 74 69 76 65 20 70 6f 73 69 74 69 6f |relative positio|
000006a0 6e 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 70 68 79 73 69 63 61 |n of the physica|
000006b0 6c 20 74 72 61 63 6b 73 20 6f 6e 20 66 6f 72 74 |l tracks on fort|
000006c0 79 20 61 6e 64 20 65 69 67 68 74 79 20 74 72 61 |y and eighty tra|
000006d0 63 6b 0d 64 69 73 63 73 20 69 73 20 73 68 6f 77 |ck.discs is show|
000006e0 6e 20 69 6e 20 66 69 67 75 72 65 20 31 2e 0d 0d |n in figure 1...|
000006f0 0d 34 30 54 3e 20 30 30 20 20 20 20 30 31 20 2e |.40T> 00 01 .|
00000700 2e 2e 20 30 39 20 20 20 20 30 41 20 20 20 20 30 |.. 09 0A 0|
00000710 42 20 2e 2e 2e 20 31 33 20 20 20 20 31 34 20 20 |B ... 13 14 |
00000720 20 20 31 35 20 2e 2e 2e 20 32 35 20 20 20 20 32 | 15 ... 25 2|
00000730 36 20 20 20 20 32 37 0d 38 30 54 3e 20 30 30 20 |6 27.80T> 00 |
00000740 30 31 20 30 32 20 2e 2e 2e 20 31 32 20 31 33 20 |01 02 ... 12 13 |
00000750 31 34 20 31 35 20 31 36 20 2e 2e 2e 20 32 36 20 |14 15 16 ... 26 |
00000760 32 37 20 32 38 20 32 39 20 32 41 20 2e 2e 2e 20 |27 28 29 2A ... |
00000770 34 41 20 34 42 20 34 43 20 34 44 20 34 45 20 34 |4A 4B 4C 4D 4E 4|
00000780 46 0d 0d 20 20 20 46 69 67 75 72 65 20 31 2e 20 |F.. Figure 1. |
00000790 54 68 65 20 72 65 6c 61 74 69 76 65 20 70 6f 73 |The relative pos|
000007a0 69 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 74 72 61 63 6b 73 20 |ition of tracks |
000007b0 6f 6e 20 34 30 20 61 6e 64 20 38 30 20 74 72 61 |on 40 and 80 tra|
000007c0 63 6b 20 64 69 73 63 73 0d 20 20 20 2d 2d 2d 2d |ck discs. ----|
000007d0 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |----------------|
*
00000800 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0d |--------------..|
00000810 0d 41 6c 6c 20 74 68 65 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 73 |.All the numbers|
00000820 20 69 6e 20 66 69 67 75 72 65 73 20 31 20 61 6e | in figures 1 an|
00000830 64 20 32 20 61 72 65 20 69 6e 20 68 65 78 61 64 |d 2 are in hexad|
00000840 65 63 69 6d 61 6c 20 61 6e 64 20 49 20 68 61 76 |ecimal and I hav|
00000850 65 20 75 73 65 64 20 74 68 65 0d 74 65 72 6d 20 |e used the.term |
00000860 74 72 61 63 6b 20 64 65 6e 73 69 74 79 20 72 65 |track density re|
00000870 66 65 72 73 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 70 68 79 73 |fers to the phys|
00000880 69 63 61 6c 20 70 72 6f 78 69 6d 69 74 79 20 6f |ical proximity o|
00000890 66 20 74 68 65 20 74 72 61 63 6b 73 20 28 77 68 |f the tracks (wh|
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000008b0 6f 67 65 74 68 65 72 20 6f 6e 20 38 30 20 74 72 |ogether on 80 tr|
000008c0 61 63 6b 20 64 69 73 63 73 29 2e 20 42 65 63 61 |ack discs). Beca|
000008d0 75 73 65 20 74 68 65 20 74 72 61 63 6b 20 64 65 |use the track de|
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000008f0 74 79 20 74 72 61 63 6b 20 64 69 73 63 20 69 73 |ty track disc is|
00000900 20 74 77 69 63 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 6f 66 20 61 | twice that of a|
00000910 20 66 6f 72 74 79 20 74 72 61 63 6b 20 64 69 73 | forty track dis|
00000920 63 2c 20 61 6e 20 65 69 67 68 74 79 20 74 72 61 |c, an eighty tra|
00000930 63 6b 0d 64 69 73 63 20 69 73 20 73 6f 6d 65 74 |ck.disc is somet|
00000940 69 6d 65 73 20 72 65 66 65 72 65 64 20 74 6f 20 |imes refered to |
00000950 61 73 20 64 6f 75 62 6c 65 20 64 65 6e 73 69 74 |as double densit|
00000960 79 20 65 76 65 6e 20 69 66 20 69 74 20 75 73 65 |y even if it use|
00000970 73 20 61 20 73 69 6e 67 6c 65 0d 64 65 6e 73 69 |s a single.densi|
00000980 74 79 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 2e 20 49 20 77 69 6c |ty format. I wil|
00000990 6c 20 6e 6f 74 20 72 65 66 65 72 20 74 6f 20 38 |l not refer to 8|
000009a0 30 20 74 72 61 63 6b 20 64 69 73 63 73 20 61 73 |0 track discs as|
000009b0 20 64 6f 75 62 6c 65 20 64 65 6e 73 69 74 79 0d | double density.|
000009c0 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 74 68 69 73 20 63 61 6e |because this can|
000009d0 20 62 65 20 63 6f 6e 66 75 73 65 64 20 77 69 74 | be confused wit|
000009e0 68 20 74 68 65 20 64 6f 75 62 6c 65 20 64 65 6e |h the double den|
000009f0 73 69 74 79 20 41 44 46 53 2c 20 77 68 69 63 68 |sity ADFS, which|
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00000a10 6b 20 64 69 73 63 73 20 69 6e 20 61 20 64 6f 75 |k discs in a dou|
00000a20 62 6c 65 20 64 65 6e 73 69 74 79 20 66 6f 72 6d |ble density form|
00000a30 61 74 2e 0d 0d 46 69 67 75 72 65 20 32 20 69 6c |at...Figure 2 il|
00000a40 6c 75 73 74 72 61 74 65 73 20 6f 6e 65 20 6d 65 |lustrates one me|
00000a50 74 68 6f 64 20 6f 66 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 74 69 |thod of formatti|
00000a60 6e 67 20 61 20 73 69 6e 67 6c 65 20 64 65 6e 73 |ng a single dens|
00000a70 69 74 79 20 64 69 73 63 20 73 6f 0d 74 68 61 74 |ity disc so.that|
00000a80 20 74 68 65 20 73 61 6d 65 20 64 69 73 63 20 63 | the same disc c|
00000a90 61 6e 20 62 65 20 75 73 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 |an be used with |
00000aa0 65 69 74 68 65 72 20 61 20 66 6f 72 74 79 20 6f |either a forty o|
00000ab0 72 20 61 6e 20 65 69 67 68 74 79 20 74 72 61 63 |r an eighty trac|
00000ac0 6b 0d 64 69 73 63 20 64 72 69 76 65 2e 0d 0d 0d |k.disc drive....|
00000ad0 30 30 20 30 31 20 30 32 20 2e 2e 2e 20 31 32 20 |00 01 02 ... 12 |
00000ae0 31 33 20 31 34 20 31 35 20 31 36 20 2e 2e 2e 20 |13 14 15 16 ... |
00000af0 32 36 20 32 37 20 31 34 20 20 20 20 31 35 20 20 |26 27 14 15 |
00000b00 20 20 31 36 20 2e 2e 2e 20 32 35 20 20 20 20 32 | 16 ... 25 2|
00000b10 36 20 20 20 20 32 37 0d 7c 20 20 5c 2d 2d 2d 2d |6 27.| \----|
00000b20 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2f 20 5c 2d 2d 2d 2d |---------/ \----|
00000b30 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2f 20 5c 2d |------------/ \-|
00000b40 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |----------------|
00000b50 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2f 0d |--------------/.|
00000b60 7c 20 20 26 30 31 2d 26 31 33 20 75 6e 75 73 65 || &01-&13 unuse|
00000b70 64 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 26 31 34 2d 26 32 37 |d &14-&27|
00000b80 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00000b90 20 20 20 26 31 34 2d 26 32 37 0d 7c 20 38 30 20 | &14-&27.| 80 |
00000ba0 74 72 61 63 6b 20 64 65 6e 73 69 74 79 20 20 38 |track density 8|
00000bb0 30 20 74 72 61 63 6b 20 64 65 6e 73 69 74 79 20 |0 track density |
00000bc0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 34 30 20 74 72 61 63 | 40 trac|
00000bd0 6b 20 64 65 6e 73 69 74 79 0d 7c 0d 54 72 61 63 |k density.|.Trac|
00000be0 6b 20 26 30 30 2c 20 63 6f 6d 6d 6f 6e 20 74 6f |k &00, common to|
00000bf0 20 62 6f 74 68 20 74 72 61 63 6b 20 64 65 6e 73 | both track dens|
00000c00 69 74 69 65 73 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ities.. |
00000c10 20 20 20 46 69 67 75 72 65 20 32 2e 20 54 68 65 | Figure 2. The|
00000c20 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 20 66 6f 72 20 34 30 2f 38 | format for 40/8|
00000c30 30 20 74 72 61 63 6b 20 64 69 73 63 73 0d 20 20 |0 track discs. |
00000c40 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | ------|
00000c50 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |----------------|
*
00000c70 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0d 0d 54 68 65 20 64 69 73 63 20 |----...The disc |
00000c80 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 64 69 76 69 64 65 64 20 69 |can be divided i|
00000c90 6e 74 6f 20 66 6f 75 72 20 72 65 67 69 6f 6e 73 |nto four regions|
00000ca0 2e 0d 0d 31 29 20 54 72 61 63 6b 20 26 30 30 2c |...1) Track &00,|
00000cb0 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 69 73 20 63 6f 6d 6d 6f 6e | which is common|
00000cc0 20 74 6f 20 62 6f 74 68 20 66 6f 72 74 79 20 61 | to both forty a|
00000cd0 6e 64 20 65 69 67 68 74 79 20 74 72 61 63 6b 20 |nd eighty track |
00000ce0 64 65 6e 73 69 74 69 65 73 2e 0d 32 29 20 54 72 |densities..2) Tr|
00000cf0 61 63 6b 73 20 26 30 31 20 74 6f 20 26 31 33 20 |acks &01 to &13 |
00000d00 28 31 20 74 6f 20 31 39 20 64 65 63 69 6d 61 6c |(1 to 19 decimal|
00000d10 29 20 69 6e 20 65 69 67 68 74 79 20 74 72 61 63 |) in eighty trac|
00000d20 6b 20 64 65 6e 73 69 74 79 20 61 72 65 20 75 6e |k density are un|
00000d30 75 73 65 64 2e 0d 33 29 20 54 72 61 63 6b 73 20 |used..3) Tracks |
00000d40 26 31 34 20 74 6f 20 26 32 37 20 28 32 30 20 74 |&14 to &27 (20 t|
00000d50 6f 20 33 39 20 64 65 63 69 6d 61 6c 29 20 75 73 |o 39 decimal) us|
00000d60 65 64 20 69 6e 20 65 69 67 68 74 79 20 74 72 61 |ed in eighty tra|
00000d70 63 6b 20 64 65 6e 73 69 74 79 2e 0d 34 29 20 54 |ck density..4) T|
00000d80 72 61 63 6b 73 20 26 31 34 20 74 6f 20 26 32 37 |racks &14 to &27|
00000d90 20 28 32 30 20 74 6f 20 33 39 20 64 65 63 69 6d | (20 to 39 decim|
00000da0 61 6c 29 20 75 73 65 64 20 69 6e 20 66 6f 72 74 |al) used in fort|
00000db0 79 20 74 72 61 63 6b 20 64 65 6e 73 69 74 79 2e |y track density.|
00000dc0 0d 0d 0d 54 68 65 20 64 61 74 61 20 73 74 6f 72 |...The data stor|
00000dd0 65 64 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 69 73 20 74 79 70 65 20 |ed on this type |
00000de0 6f 66 20 64 75 61 6c 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 20 64 |of dual format d|
00000df0 69 73 63 20 61 72 65 20 73 74 6f 72 65 64 20 6f |isc are stored o|
00000e00 6e 20 74 72 61 63 6b 20 26 30 30 0d 61 6e 64 20 |n track &00.and |
00000e10 74 72 61 63 6b 73 20 26 31 34 20 74 6f 20 26 32 |tracks &14 to &2|
00000e20 37 2e 20 54 68 65 20 64 61 74 61 20 6f 6e 20 74 |7. The data on t|
00000e30 72 61 63 6b 73 20 26 31 34 20 74 6f 20 26 32 37 |racks &14 to &27|
00000e40 20 61 72 65 20 73 74 6f 72 65 64 20 74 77 69 63 | are stored twic|
00000e50 65 2c 0d 6f 6e 63 65 20 69 6e 20 66 6f 72 74 79 |e,.once in forty|
00000e60 20 74 72 61 63 6b 20 64 65 6e 73 69 74 79 20 61 | track density a|
00000e70 6e 64 20 6f 6e 63 65 20 69 6e 20 65 69 67 68 74 |nd once in eight|
00000e80 79 20 74 72 61 63 6b 20 64 65 6e 73 69 74 79 2e |y track density.|
00000e90 20 53 65 63 74 6f 72 73 20 26 30 30 0d 61 6e 64 | Sectors &00.and|
00000ea0 20 26 30 31 20 6f 66 20 74 72 61 63 6b 20 26 30 | &01 of track &0|
00000eb0 30 20 61 72 65 20 75 73 65 64 20 74 6f 20 73 74 |0 are used to st|
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00000ed0 65 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 64 69 73 63 2e 20 |e for the disc. |
00000ee0 54 68 65 0d 72 65 6d 61 69 6e 69 6e 67 20 73 65 |The.remaining se|
00000ef0 63 74 6f 72 73 20 6f 6e 20 74 72 61 63 6b 20 26 |ctors on track &|
00000f00 30 30 20 67 69 76 65 20 61 20 74 6f 74 61 6c 20 |00 give a total |
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00000f30 20 26 31 34 20 74 6f 20 26 32 37 20 68 61 76 65 | &14 to &27 have|
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00000f60 61 6c 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 20 64 69 73 63 20 6d |al format disc m|
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00000f80 6c 65 20 66 6f 72 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 20 |le for programs |
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00000fa0 74 79 70 65 20 6f 66 20 64 69 73 63 20 63 61 6e |type of disc can|
00000fb0 20 62 65 20 63 72 65 61 74 65 64 20 6f 6e 20 61 | be created on a|
00000fc0 6e 20 65 69 67 68 74 79 20 74 72 61 63 6b 20 64 |n eighty track d|
00000fd0 69 73 63 20 64 72 69 76 65 20 62 79 20 75 73 69 |isc drive by usi|
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00000ff0 20 64 69 73 63 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 74 69 6e 67 | disc formatting|
00001000 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 74 6f 20 66 6f 72 6d | program to form|
00001010 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 66 6f 72 |at the first for|
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00001030 69 73 63 20 69 6e 20 61 6e 20 65 69 67 68 74 79 |isc in an eighty|
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00001050 65 2e 20 59 6f 75 20 63 61 6e 20 75 73 65 20 74 |e. You can use t|
00001060 68 65 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 4f 46 46 53 45 |he program OFFSE|
00001070 54 0d 69 6e 74 72 6f 64 75 63 65 64 20 69 6e 20 |T.introduced in |
00001080 6d 6f 64 75 6c 65 20 33 20 69 66 20 79 6f 75 20 |module 3 if you |
00001090 77 61 6e 74 20 74 6f 20 6f 70 74 69 6d 69 73 65 |want to optimise|
000010a0 20 74 68 65 20 6c 6f 67 69 63 61 6c 20 73 65 63 | the logical sec|
000010b0 74 6f 72 20 6f 66 66 73 65 74 2e 0d 53 74 6f 72 |tor offset..Stor|
000010c0 65 20 61 20 32 6b 20 28 26 38 30 30 20 62 79 74 |e a 2k (&800 byt|
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00001120 20 66 69 6c 6c 20 74 72 61 63 6b 73 20 26 30 31 | fill tracks &01|
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00001150 74 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 20 66 6f 6c |ted with the fol|
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00001170 0d 0d 0d 2a 53 41 56 45 20 3a 30 2e 24 2e 21 42 |...*SAVE :0.$.!B|
00001180 4f 4f 54 20 31 39 30 30 2b 34 30 30 0d 2a 53 41 |OOT 1900+400.*SA|
00001190 56 45 20 3a 30 2e 44 2e 44 55 4d 4d 59 20 31 39 |VE :0.D.DUMMY 19|
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00001280 74 68 65 20 64 69 73 63 20 74 68 65 6e 20 74 68 |the disc then th|
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000012a0 6c 65 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 64 65 6c 65 74 65 |le can be delete|
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00001320 0d 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 74 68 69 73 20 66 69 |.because this fi|
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00001340 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 72 61 63 6b 73 20 26 30 |e that tracks &0|
00001350 31 20 74 6f 20 26 31 33 20 69 6e 63 6c 75 73 69 |1 to &13 inclusi|
00001360 76 65 20 72 65 6d 61 69 6e 0d 75 6e 75 73 65 64 |ve remain.unused|
00001370 20 28 73 65 65 20 66 69 67 75 72 65 20 32 29 2e | (see figure 2).|
00001380 0d 0d 57 68 65 6e 20 61 6c 6c 20 74 68 65 20 70 |..When all the p|
00001390 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 20 61 6e 64 20 64 61 74 61 |rograms and data|
000013a0 20 68 61 76 65 20 62 65 65 6e 20 63 6f 70 69 65 | have been copie|
000013b0 64 20 6f 6e 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 64 69 73 63 20 |d onto the disc |
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000013d0 63 6b 73 20 26 31 34 20 74 6f 20 26 32 37 20 73 |cks &14 to &27 s|
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000013f0 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 20 65 69 67 68 74 79 20 |from the eighty |
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00001440 6c 20 74 72 61 63 6b 73 2e 20 50 68 79 73 69 63 |l tracks. Physic|
00001450 61 6c 20 74 72 61 63 6b 20 26 31 34 0d 28 65 69 |al track &14.(ei|
00001460 67 68 74 79 20 74 72 61 63 6b 20 64 65 6e 73 69 |ghty track densi|
00001470 74 79 29 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 20 63 6f 70 69 |ty) will be copi|
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000014f0 20 73 6f 20 6f 6e 20 61 73 20 73 68 6f 77 6e 20 | so on as shown |
00001500 69 6e 20 66 69 67 75 72 65 20 33 2e 0d 0d 0d 20 |in figure 3.... |
00001510 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 52 65 61 64 20 | Read |
00001520 70 68 79 73 69 63 61 6c 20 74 72 61 63 6b 20 2d |physical track -|
00001530 3e 20 46 6f 72 6d 61 74 20 61 6e 64 20 77 72 69 |> Format and wri|
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00001550 6b 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |k.. |
00001560 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 26 | &|
00001570 31 34 20 2d 3e 20 26 32 38 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 |14 -> &28. |
00001580 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00001590 20 20 20 20 20 20 26 31 35 20 2d 3e 20 26 32 41 | &15 -> &2A|
000015a0 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |. |
000015b0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 26 31 36 | &16|
000015c0 20 2d 3e 20 26 32 43 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | -> &2C. |
000015d0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
000015e0 20 20 20 20 26 31 37 20 2d 3e 20 26 32 45 0d 20 | &17 -> &2E. |
000015f0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00001600 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2e | .|
00001610 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |. |
00001620 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00001630 20 2e 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | .. |
00001640 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00001650 20 20 20 2e 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | .. |
00001660 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00001670 20 26 32 35 20 2d 3e 20 26 34 42 0d 20 20 20 20 | &25 -> &4B. |
00001680 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00001690 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 26 32 36 20 2d 3e 20 26 | &26 -> &|
000016a0 34 43 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |4C. |
000016b0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 26 | &|
000016c0 32 37 20 2d 3e 20 26 34 45 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 |27 -> &4E.. |
000016d0 20 20 20 20 20 20 46 69 67 75 72 65 20 33 2e 20 | Figure 3. |
000016e0 54 68 65 20 72 65 71 75 69 72 65 64 20 63 6f 70 |The required cop|
000016f0 79 69 6e 67 20 6f 66 20 70 68 79 73 69 63 61 6c |ying of physical|
00001700 20 74 72 61 63 6b 73 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | tracks. |
00001710 20 20 20 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | -------------|
00001720 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |----------------|
*
00001740 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0d 0d 54 68 69 73 20 63 6f 70 79 |----...This copy|
00001750 69 6e 67 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 70 72 6f 64 75 63 65 |ing will produce|
00001760 20 74 68 65 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 20 73 68 6f 77 | the format show|
00001770 6e 20 69 6e 20 66 69 67 75 72 65 20 32 2e 20 54 |n in figure 2. T|
00001780 68 65 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 69 6e 67 0d 61 6c 67 |he following.alg|
00001790 6f 72 69 74 68 6d 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 75 73 |orithm can be us|
000017a0 65 64 20 74 6f 20 69 6d 70 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 20 |ed to implement |
000017b0 74 68 69 73 20 69 64 65 61 20 75 73 69 6e 67 20 |this idea using |
000017c0 61 20 64 69 73 63 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 68 61 73 |a disc which has|
000017d0 20 68 61 64 0d 74 68 65 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 66 | had.the first f|
000017e0 6f 72 74 79 20 74 72 61 63 6b 73 20 66 6f 72 6d |orty tracks form|
000017f0 61 74 74 65 64 20 69 6e 20 61 6e 20 65 69 67 68 |atted in an eigh|
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000039a0 6f 67 69 63 61 6c 20 73 65 63 74 6f 72 20 6e 75 |ogical sector nu|
000039b0 6d 62 65 72 0d 20 31 37 35 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 |mber. 1750 |
000039c0 20 20 20 45 51 55 42 20 26 32 41 20 20 20 20 20 | EQUB &2A |
000039d0 20 5c 20 31 30 20 73 65 63 74 6f 72 73 20 6f 66 | \ 10 sectors of|
000039e0 20 32 35 36 20 62 79 74 65 73 0d 20 31 37 35 31 | 256 bytes. 1751|
000039f0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 45 51 55 42 20 26 30 | EQUB &0|
00003a00 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 5c 20 72 65 73 75 6c 74 0d |0 \ result.|
00003a10 20 31 37 36 30 20 2e 66 6f 72 6d 62 6c 6f 63 6b | 1760 .formblock|
00003a20 0d 20 31 37 37 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 45 |. 1770 E|
00003a30 51 55 42 20 26 30 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 5c 20 64 |QUB &00 \ d|
00003a40 72 69 76 65 20 30 0d 20 31 37 38 30 20 20 20 20 |rive 0. 1780 |
00003a50 20 20 20 20 20 45 51 55 44 20 74 61 62 6c 65 20 | EQUD table |
00003a60 20 20 20 5c 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 6f 66 20 | \ address of |
00003a70 73 65 63 74 6f 72 20 74 61 62 6c 65 0d 20 31 37 |sector table. 17|
00003a80 39 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 45 51 55 42 20 |90 EQUB |
00003a90 26 30 35 20 20 20 20 20 20 5c 20 35 20 70 61 72 |&05 \ 5 par|
00003aa0 61 6d 65 74 65 72 73 0d 20 31 37 39 31 20 20 20 |ameters. 1791 |
00003ab0 20 20 20 20 20 20 45 51 55 42 20 26 36 33 20 20 | EQUB &63 |
00003ac0 20 20 20 20 5c 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 20 63 6f 6d | \ format com|
00003ad0 6d 61 6e 64 0d 20 31 37 39 32 20 20 20 20 20 20 |mand. 1792 |
00003ae0 20 20 20 45 51 55 42 20 26 30 30 20 20 20 20 20 | EQUB &00 |
00003af0 20 5c 20 70 68 79 73 69 63 61 6c 20 74 72 61 63 | \ physical trac|
00003b00 6b 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 0d 20 31 37 39 33 20 20 |k number. 1793 |
00003b10 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 45 51 55 42 20 26 31 35 20 | EQUB &15 |
00003b20 20 20 20 20 20 5c 20 67 61 70 20 33 20 73 69 7a | \ gap 3 siz|
00003b30 65 0d 20 31 38 30 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |e. 1800 |
00003b40 45 51 55 42 20 26 32 41 20 20 20 20 20 20 5c 20 |EQUB &2A \ |
00003b50 31 30 20 73 65 63 74 6f 72 73 20 6f 66 20 32 35 |10 sectors of 25|
00003b60 36 20 62 79 74 65 73 0d 20 31 38 30 31 20 20 20 |6 bytes. 1801 |
00003b70 20 20 20 20 20 20 45 51 55 42 20 26 30 30 20 20 | EQUB &00 |
00003b80 20 20 20 20 5c 20 67 61 70 20 35 20 73 69 7a 65 | \ gap 5 size|
00003b90 0d 20 31 38 30 32 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 45 |. 1802 E|
00003ba0 51 55 42 20 26 31 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 5c 20 67 |QUB &10 \ g|
00003bb0 61 70 20 31 20 73 69 7a 65 0d 20 31 38 30 33 20 |ap 1 size. 1803 |
00003bc0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 45 51 55 42 20 26 30 30 | EQUB &00|
00003bd0 20 20 20 20 20 20 5c 20 72 65 73 75 6c 74 0d 20 | \ result. |
00003be0 31 38 31 30 20 2e 74 72 61 63 6b 0d 20 31 38 32 |1810 .track. 182|
00003bf0 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 45 51 55 42 20 32 |0 EQUB 2|
00003c00 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 5c 20 75 73 65 20 74 72 |0 \ use tr|
00003c10 61 63 6b 73 20 32 30 2d 33 39 0d 20 31 38 33 30 |acks 20-39. 1830|
00003c20 20 5d 0d 20 31 38 34 30 20 4e 45 58 54 0d 20 31 | ]. 1840 NEXT. 1|
00003c30 38 35 30 20 50 52 49 4e 54 27 22 50 6c 61 63 65 |850 PRINT'"Place|
00003c40 20 34 30 20 74 72 61 63 6b 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 | 40 track format|
00003c50 74 65 64 20 38 30 20 74 72 61 63 6b 20 64 69 73 |ted 80 track dis|
00003c60 63 22 0d 20 31 38 36 30 20 50 52 49 4e 54 22 69 |c". 1860 PRINT"i|
00003c70 6e 20 64 72 69 76 65 20 30 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 70 |n drive 0, and p|
00003c80 72 65 73 73 20 53 70 61 63 65 62 61 72 22 0d 20 |ress Spacebar". |
00003c90 31 38 37 30 20 52 45 50 45 41 54 0d 20 31 38 38 |1870 REPEAT. 188|
00003ca0 30 20 55 4e 54 49 4c 20 47 45 54 20 3d 20 33 32 |0 UNTIL GET = 32|
00003cb0 0d 20 31 38 39 30 20 43 41 4c 4c 20 6d 63 6f 64 |. 1890 CALL mcod|
00003cc0 65 0d 0d 0d 49 66 20 79 6f 75 20 68 61 76 65 20 |e...If you have |
00003cd0 61 20 73 77 69 74 63 68 65 64 20 34 30 2f 38 30 |a switched 40/80|
00003ce0 20 74 72 61 63 6b 20 64 69 73 63 20 64 72 69 76 | track disc driv|
00003cf0 65 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 71 75 69 74 65 20 65 61 |e it is quite ea|
00003d00 73 79 20 74 6f 20 70 72 6f 64 75 63 65 0d 64 75 |sy to produce.du|
00003d10 61 6c 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 20 64 69 73 63 73 20 |al format discs |
00003d20 77 69 74 68 6f 75 74 20 75 73 69 6e 67 20 61 20 |without using a |
00003d30 63 6f 6e 76 65 72 73 69 6f 6e 20 70 72 6f 67 72 |conversion progr|
00003d40 61 6d 20 73 75 63 68 20 61 73 20 44 55 41 4c 44 |am such as DUALD|
00003d50 46 53 2e 20 54 6f 0d 70 72 6f 64 75 63 65 20 61 |FS. To.produce a|
00003d60 20 64 75 61 6c 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 20 64 69 73 | dual format dis|
00003d70 63 20 79 6f 75 20 6e 65 65 64 20 74 6f 20 75 73 |c you need to us|
00003d80 65 20 61 20 66 6f 72 74 79 20 74 72 61 63 6b 20 |e a forty track |
00003d90 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 74 65 72 20 61 6e 64 20 74 6f |formatter and to|
00003da0 0d 62 65 20 76 65 72 79 20 63 61 72 65 66 75 6c |.be very careful|
00003db0 20 61 62 6f 75 74 20 74 68 65 20 6f 72 64 65 72 | about the order|
00003dc0 20 69 6e 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 66 69 6c 65 73 20 | in which files |
00003dd0 61 72 65 20 73 61 76 65 64 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 |are saved on the|
00003de0 20 64 75 61 6c 0d 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 20 64 69 73 | dual.format dis|
00003df0 63 2e 20 54 68 65 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 69 6e 67 |c. The following|
00003e00 20 61 6c 67 6f 72 69 74 68 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 70 | algorith will p|
00003e10 72 6f 64 75 63 65 20 64 75 61 6c 20 66 6f 72 6d |roduce dual form|
00003e20 61 74 74 65 64 20 64 69 73 63 73 2e 0d 0d 0d 31 |atted discs....1|
00003e30 29 20 53 77 69 74 63 68 20 74 68 65 20 64 69 73 |) Switch the dis|
00003e40 63 20 64 72 69 76 65 20 74 6f 20 34 30 20 74 72 |c drive to 40 tr|
00003e50 61 63 6b 20 6d 6f 64 65 2e 0d 0d 32 29 20 46 6f |ack mode...2) Fo|
00003e60 72 6d 61 74 20 61 20 64 69 73 63 20 75 73 69 6e |rmat a disc usin|
00003e70 67 20 61 20 66 6f 72 74 79 20 74 72 61 63 6b 20 |g a forty track |
00003e80 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 74 65 72 2e 0d 0d 33 29 20 53 |formatter...3) S|
00003e90 77 69 74 63 68 20 74 68 65 20 64 69 73 63 20 64 |witch the disc d|
00003ea0 72 69 76 65 20 74 6f 20 38 30 20 74 72 61 63 6b |rive to 80 track|
00003eb0 20 6d 6f 64 65 2e 0d 0d 34 29 20 46 6f 72 6d 61 | mode...4) Forma|
00003ec0 74 20 74 68 65 20 73 61 6d 65 20 64 69 73 63 20 |t the same disc |
00003ed0 61 67 61 69 6e 20 75 73 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 |again using the |
00003ee0 73 61 6d 65 20 66 6f 72 74 79 20 74 72 61 63 6b |same forty track|
00003ef0 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 74 65 72 2e 0d 0d 35 29 20 | formatter...5) |
00003f00 46 69 6c 6c 20 74 72 61 63 6b 20 26 30 30 20 77 |Fill track &00 w|
00003f10 69 74 68 20 61 20 64 75 6d 6d 79 20 21 42 4f 4f |ith a dummy !BOO|
00003f20 54 20 66 69 6c 65 20 75 73 69 6e 67 0d 0d 20 20 |T file using.. |
00003f30 20 2a 53 41 56 45 20 21 42 4f 4f 54 20 31 39 30 | *SAVE !BOOT 190|
00003f40 30 2b 38 30 30 0d 0d 36 29 20 46 69 6c 6c 20 74 |0+800..6) Fill t|
00003f50 72 61 63 6b 73 20 26 30 31 20 74 6f 20 26 31 33 |racks &01 to &13|
00003f60 20 77 69 74 68 20 61 20 6c 6f 63 6b 65 64 20 64 | with a locked d|
00003f70 75 6d 6d 79 20 66 69 6c 65 2e 20 75 73 65 20 74 |ummy file. use t|
00003f80 68 65 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 73 3a 0d 0d 20 20 |he commands:.. |
00003f90 20 2a 53 41 56 45 20 44 2e 44 55 4d 4d 59 20 31 | *SAVE D.DUMMY 1|
00003fa0 39 30 30 2b 42 45 30 30 0d 20 20 20 2a 41 43 45 |900+BE00. *ACE|
00003fb0 53 53 20 44 2e 44 55 4d 4d 59 20 4c 0d 0d 37 29 |SS D.DUMMY L..7)|
00003fc0 20 43 6f 70 79 20 75 70 20 74 6f 20 35 30 6b 20 | Copy up to 50k |
00003fd0 6f 66 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 20 6f 6e 74 6f |of programs onto|
00003fe0 20 74 68 65 20 64 69 73 63 2e 20 44 6f 6e 27 74 | the disc. Don't|
00003ff0 20 75 73 65 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 6c 65 6e 61 6d | use the filenam|
00004000 65 73 0d 20 20 20 24 2e 21 42 4f 4f 54 20 6f 72 |es. $.!BOOT or|
00004010 20 44 2e 44 55 4d 4d 59 2e 0d 0d 38 29 20 53 77 | D.DUMMY...8) Sw|
00004020 69 74 63 68 20 74 68 65 20 64 69 73 63 20 64 72 |itch the disc dr|
00004030 69 76 65 20 74 6f 20 34 30 20 74 72 61 63 6b 20 |ive to 40 track |
00004040 6d 6f 64 65 2e 0d 0d 39 29 20 43 6f 70 79 20 74 |mode...9) Copy t|
00004050 68 65 20 73 61 6d 65 20 66 69 6c 65 73 20 63 6f |he same files co|
00004060 70 69 65 64 20 69 6e 20 73 74 65 70 20 37 29 20 |pied in step 7) |
00004070 6f 6e 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 64 69 73 63 20 69 6e |onto the disc in|
00004080 20 65 78 61 63 74 6c 79 20 74 68 65 20 73 61 6d | exactly the sam|
00004090 65 0d 20 20 20 6f 72 64 65 72 2e 20 49 74 20 69 |e. order. It i|
000040a0 73 20 69 6d 70 6f 72 74 61 6e 74 20 74 68 61 74 |s important that|
000040b0 20 74 68 65 20 6f 72 64 65 72 20 73 68 6f 75 6c | the order shoul|
000040c0 64 20 62 65 20 65 78 61 63 74 6c 79 20 74 68 65 |d be exactly the|
000040d0 20 73 61 6d 65 2e 0d 0d 31 30 29 20 44 65 6c 65 | same...10) Dele|
000040e0 74 65 20 74 68 65 20 64 75 6d 6d 79 20 21 42 4f |te the dummy !BO|
000040f0 4f 54 20 66 69 6c 65 20 61 6e 64 20 73 74 6f 72 |OT file and stor|
00004100 65 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 61 6c 20 21 42 4f 4f 54 |e the real !BOOT|
00004110 20 66 69 6c 65 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 64 69 73 | file on the dis|
00004120 63 2e 0d 20 20 20 20 54 68 65 20 21 42 4f 4f 54 |c.. The !BOOT|
00004130 20 66 69 6c 65 20 6d 75 73 74 20 6e 6f 74 20 62 | file must not b|
00004140 65 20 6c 6f 6e 67 65 72 20 74 68 61 6e 20 32 6b |e longer than 2k|
00004150 2e 0d 0d 0d 54 68 69 73 20 6d 65 74 68 6f 64 20 |....This method |
00004160 77 69 6c 6c 20 70 72 6f 64 75 63 65 20 65 78 61 |will produce exa|
00004170 63 74 6c 79 20 74 68 65 20 73 61 6d 65 20 64 75 |ctly the same du|
00004180 61 6c 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 20 64 69 73 63 20 61 |al format disc a|
00004190 73 20 74 68 61 74 0d 70 72 6f 64 75 63 65 64 20 |s that.produced |
000041a0 62 79 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 44 |by the program D|
000041b0 55 41 4c 44 46 53 20 62 75 74 20 69 74 20 64 6f |UALDFS but it do|
000041c0 65 73 20 72 65 71 75 69 72 65 20 74 68 65 20 75 |es require the u|
000041d0 73 65 20 6f 66 20 61 20 73 77 69 74 63 68 65 64 |se of a switched|
000041e0 0d 64 69 73 63 20 64 72 69 76 65 20 61 6e 64 20 |.disc drive and |
000041f0 61 20 67 72 65 61 74 20 64 65 61 6c 20 6f 66 20 |a great deal of |
00004200 63 61 72 65 20 69 6e 20 73 74 6f 72 69 6e 67 20 |care in storing |
00004210 74 68 65 20 66 69 6c 65 73 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 |the files in the|
00004220 20 73 61 6d 65 20 6f 72 64 65 72 0d 6f 6e 20 62 | same order.on b|
00004230 6f 74 68 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 73 2e 0d |oth formats..|
0000423d 
11-09-88/T\DFS05.m0
11-09-88/T\DFS05.m1
11-09-88/T\DFS05.m2
11-09-88/T\DFS05.m4
11-09-88/T\DFS05.m5
.