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04-01-88/T\SWR10
This website contains an archive of files for the Acorn Electron, BBC Micro, Acorn Archimedes, Commodore 16 and Commodore 64 computers, which Dominic Ford has rescued from his private collection of floppy disks and cassettes.
Some of these files were originally commercial releases in the 1980s and 1990s, but they are now widely available online. I assume that copyright over them is no longer being asserted. If you own the copyright and would like files to be removed, please contact me.
| Tape/disk: | Home » CEEFAX disks » telesoftware4.adl |
| Filename: | 04-01-88/T\SWR10 |
| Read OK: | ✔ |
| File size: | 3E6E bytes |
| Load address: | 0000 |
| Exec address: | 0000 |
File contents
Mastering Sideways ROM & RAM - Module 10 - Extended vectors
-----------------------------------------------------------
The BBC microcomputer makes extensive use of vectors. The MOS
vectors can be found in page two of memory from &200 to &235. There is
also an area of memory in page &0D known as the extended vector space
which has a further three bytes, called an extended vector, available
to each vector. The first two bytes of an extended vector store the
address of a vectored routine if it is in a sideways rom and the third
byte stores the number of that rom.
In this module I will show you how the vectored operating system
routines can be re-vectored to point to an address in your SWR
software. To do this it is necessary to store the address and rom
number of your new routine in the extended vector space and then
change the address contained in a vector to point to an extended
vector entry point in page &FF.
There are two strategies for returning from vectored code, these
are:
1. If the routine completely replaces the standard code it exits with
an RTS instruction.
2. If routine does not completely replace the standard code it returns
with JMP (oldvec) after restoring the registers. oldvec is the
original vector contents.
The example used in this module deals with the first strategy but
the extended vector technique demonstrated can be used to deal with
either strategy or a combination of both strategies.
Each of the twenty seven MOS vectors has a vector number, n, such
that the vector can be found at location &200+(2*n). The extended
vector entry point for each vector can be found at &FF00+(3*n).
The start of the extended vector space should be found using Osbyte
&A8 with X=&00 and Y=&FF. This returns the address of the first byte
of the extended vector space, V, in X and Y. In a BBC B with MOS 1.20
V=&0D9F. The address and rom number of your new routine must be stored
in the extended vector space starting at V+(3*n). The number 3*n can
be thought of as an offset on the first byte of the extended vector
space for vector number n.
This information has been summarised in figure 10.1 in which the
number, name, location, extended vector entry point (EVEP) and offset
on the extended vector space (EVS) has been listed for all the MOS
vectors.
No. Name Location EVEP EVS offset
n &200+2*n &FF00+3*n 3*n
------------------------------------------
0 USERV &200 &FF00 &00
1 BRKV &202 &FF03 &03
2 IRQ1V &204 &FF06 &06
3 IRQ2V &206 &FF09 &09
4 CLIV &208 &FF0C &0C
5 BYTEV &20A &FF0F &0F
6 WORDV &20C &FF12 &12
7 WRCHV &20E &FF15 &15
8 RDCHV &20E &FF18 &18
9 FILEV &212 &FF1B &1B
10 ARGSV &214 &FF1E &1E
11 BGETV &216 &FF21 &21
12 BPUTV &218 &FF24 &24
13 GBPBV &21A &FF27 &27
14 FINDV &21C &FF2A &2A
15 FSCV &21E &FF2D &2D
16 EVENTV &220 &FF30 &30
17 UPTV &222 &FF33 &33
18 NETV &224 &FF36 &36
19 VDUV &226 &FF39 &39
20 KEYV &228 &FF3C &3C
21 INSV &22A &FF3F &3F
22 REMV &22C &FF42 &42
23 CNPV &22E &FF45 &45
24 IND1V &230 &FF48 &48
25 IND2V &232 &FF4B &4B
26 IND3V &234 &FF4E &4E
Figure 10.1 The extended vector entry points and offsets
--------------------------------------------------------
You can use figure 10.1 to find the addresses that need to be
altered to point any vector into SWR software.
If, for example, you want to alter vector number 16, the event
vector, to point to your own SWR routine you first need to use Osbyte
&A8 to find the start of the extended vector space and store the start
address in two consecutive zero page bytes. Then, using post-indexed
indirect addressing with the EVS address stored in these two bytes and
the EVS offset in the Y register, store the address of your new
routine and the rom number of your SWR program in the extended vector
space. Lastly point the event vector into your SWR program by storing
the extended vector entry point for vector 16 (&FF30) in the event
vector (&220 and &221).
The coding in figure 10.2 could be used within your SWR program to
re-vector EVENTV to point to a new routine within the same rom image.
LDA #&A8 \ Osbyte &A8
LDX #&00
LDY #&FF
JSR &FFF4 \ find start of EVS
STX &70 \ store least sig. byte of EVS
STY &71 \ store most sig. byte of EVS
LDY #&30 \ offset on EVS for EVENTV
LDA #new MOD 256 \ least sig. byte of new routine
STA (&70),Y \ least sig. byte in EVS
INY \ increment offset for most sig. byte
LDA #new DIV 256 \ most sig. byte of new routine
STA (&70),Y \ most sig. byte in EVS
INY \ increment offset for rom number
LDA &F4 \ find rom number of new routine
STA (&70),Y \ store in EVS
LDX #&30 \ least sig. byte of EVEP for EVENTV
LDY #&FF \ most sig. byte of EVEP for EVENTV
SEI \ set interupt disable flag
STX &220 \ store EVEP in least sig. byte of EVENTV
STY &221 \ store EVEP in most sig. byte of EVENTV
CLI \ clear interupt disable flag
Figure 10.2 Re-vectoring the event vector.
-------------------------------------------
This rather elaborate system of extended vectors has been used to
convert the program LOCK into sideways ram format in the program
VECTOR.
The program LOCK was written for use with a cassette based BBC B
computer. It is used to create "Locked" cassette files which can be
*RUN but not *LOADed. This is one of the simplest cassette file
protection systems. The program works by using the event vector to
point to a routine which sets the least significant bit of the
cassette block flag byte at &3CA fifty times a second. This overcomes
the cassette filing system routine which clears the bit before saving
each block. The program uses the start of vertical sync event which is
generated fifty times a second coincident with the vertical sync on
the video signal. LOCK has been written to run at &C00 but, if you
want to use the program, you could assemble it to run in any available
part of user memory.
10 REM: LOCK
20 DIM save 40
30 address=&70
40 eventv=&220
50 osargs=&FFDA
60 osbyte=&FFF4
70 oscli=&FFF7
80 FOR pass = 0 TO 2 STEP 2
90 P%=&C00
100 [ OPT pass
110 LDA #0
120 TAX
130 TAY
140 JSR osargs
150 CMP #3
160 BCC tape
170 BRK
180 BRK
190 OPT FNequs("Type *TAPE and try again")
200 BRK
210 .tape
220 LDA #13
230 LDX #4
240 LDY #0
250 JSR osbyte \ Disable vert sync event
260 LDX #lock MOD 256
270 LDY #lock DIV 256
280 SEI
290 STX eventv
300 STY eventv+1
310 CLI
320 LDA #14
330 LDX #4
340 JSR osbyte \ Enable vert sync event
350 RTS
360 .lock
370 PHP
380 CMP #4
390 BNE notfour
400 PHA
410 LDA &3CA
420 ORA #1 \ AND #&FE to unlock
430 STA &3CA
440 PLA
450 .notfour
460 PLP
470 RTS
480 ]
490 NEXT
500 INPUT'"Save filename? = "filename$
510 IF filename$="" END
520 $save="SAVE "+filename$+" FFFF0C00+100"
530 X%=save MOD 256
540 Y%=save DIV 256
550 *OPT1,2
560 CALL oscli
570 *OPT1,0
580 END
590 DEFFNequs(string$)
600 $P%=string$
610 P%=P%+LEN(string$)
620 =pass
The object code generated by LOCK first checks to see if the casstte
filing system is active (lines 110-160). If it is not the error
routine (lines 170-200) halts the program and generates an error
message. The conversion of this type of error trapping into SWR format
has been explained in Module 8.
The program disables the start of vertical sync event (lines
220-250). EVENTV is re-vectored to point to the cassette locking
routine (lines 260-310) and event number 4, the start of vertical sync
event, is enabled (lines 320-340) before returning (line 350). After
pointing EVENTV to the routine starting in line 360 and enabling the
start of vertical sync event, the locking routine (lines 360-470) will
be executed fifty times a second ensuring that the least significant
bit of the cassette block flag byte is always set.
When you *SAVE a file with least significant bit of &3CA set that
file will be locked. After *SAVEing the file be sure to press the
Break key to reset all the vectors or type *FX13,4 to disable the
start of vertical sync event. If you don't you will lock every file
you save and you will be unable to load any further cassette files.
To convert LOCK into sideways ram format you need to add a suitable
header, interpreter, and error routine all of which can be taken from
the earlier modules of this course. You must also replace the
re-vectoring of EVENTV with an extended vector routine similar to the
one illustrated in figure 10.2. These modifications have been made in
the program VECTOR. To use VECTOR load the object code it generates
into SWR and press the Break key. The routine is selected by typing
*LOCK ON and disabled by typing *LOCK OFF.
VECTOR uses the familiar one-command interpreter from Module 3
(lines 320-600), argument reading routine from Module 5 (lines
620-760) and error handler from Module 8 (lines 1610-1740).
If the command *LOCK OFF is recognised by the interpreter contol is
passed to the label ".lockoff" (line 810) and the start of vertical
sync event is disabled by the subroutine eventoff (line 820 and lines
1300-1340) before returning to the MOS (line 830). If the command
*LOCK ON is recognised by the interpreter control passes to the label
".lockit" (line 840).
The program first makes sure that the cassette filing system is
active (lines 850-900). If the CFS is active it disables the start of
vertical sync event (line 950 and lines 1300-1340) and finds the start
of the extended vector space (lines 960-990), the address of which is
stored in two consecutive zero page bytes (lines 1000-1010). The Y
register is loaded with the event vector space offset (line 1020) and
the address of the new routine and the rom number are stored in the
extended vector space (lines 1020-1100). EVENTV is re-vectored to
point to the extended vector entry point (lines 1110-1160). Event
number 4, the start of vertical sync event, is enabled (lines
1170-1190) before restoring the zero page memory locations (lines
1210-1240), balancing the stack (lines 1250-1270) and returning to the
MOS with the accumulator reset to zero (lines 1280-1290).
One of the most important things to notice from this conversion is
that the vectored routine which sets the least significant bit of the
cassette block flag byte in the program LOCK (lines 360-470) has not
been altered at all in the program VECTOR (lines 1350-1460). All the
modifications needed to re-vector the routine to work from SWR are
done to the extended vector space, the extended vector entry point and
the vector.
10 REM: VECTOR
20 MODE7
30 HIMEM=&3C00
40 DIM save 50
50 diff=&8000-HIMEM
60 address=&70
70 comvec=&F2
80 romnumber=&F4
90 errstack=&100
100 eventv=&220
110 gsinit=&FFC2
120 gsread=&FFC5
130 osargs=&FFDA
140 osbyte=&FFF4
150 oscli=&FFF7
160 FOR pass = 0 TO 2 STEP 2
170 P%=HIMEM
180 [ OPT pass
190 BRK
200 BRK
210 BRK
220 JMP service+diff
230 OPT FNequb(&82)
240 OPT FNequb((copyright+diff) MOD 256)
250 BRK
260 .title
270 OPT FNequs("LOCK")
280 .copyright
290 BRK
300 OPT FNequs("(C) Gordon Horsington 1987")
310 BRK
320 .service
330 CMP #4
340 BEQ unrecognised
350 .exit
360 RTS
370 .unrecognised
380 PHA
390 TXA
400 PHA
410 TYA
420 PHA
430 LDX #&FF
440 .comloop
450 INX
460 LDA title+diff,X
470 BEQ found
480 LDA (comvec),Y
490 INY
500 CMP #ASC(".")
510 BEQ found
520 AND #&DF
530 CMP title+diff,X
540 BEQ comloop
550 PLA
560 TAY
570 PLA
580 TAX
590 PLA
600 RTS
610 .found
620 SEC
630 JSR gsinit
640 LDA address
650 PHA
660 LDA address+1
670 PHA
680 JSR gsread
690 BCS mistake
700 JSR gsread
710 BCS mistake
720 AND #&DF
730 CMP #ASC("F")
740 BEQ lockoff
750 CMP #ASC("N")
760 BEQ lockit
770 .mistake
780 LDX #(syntax+diff) MOD 256
790 LDY #(syntax+diff) DIV 256
800 JMP error+diff
810 .lockoff
820 JSR eventoff+diff
830 JMP quit+diff
840 .lockit
850 LDA #0
860 TAX
870 TAY
880 JSR osargs
890 CMP #3
900 BCC tape
910 LDX #(cfs+diff) MOD 256
920 LDY #(cfs+diff) DIV 256
930 JMP error+diff
940 .tape
950 JSR eventoff+diff
960 LDA #&A8
970 LDX #0
980 LDY #&FF
990 JSR osbyte
1000 STX address
1010 STY address+1
1020 LDY #&30
1030 LDA #(lock+diff) MOD 256
1040 STA (address),Y
1050 INY
1060 LDA #(lock+diff) DIV 256
1070 STA (address),Y
1080 INY
1090 LDA romnumber
1100 STA (address),Y
1110 LDX #&30
1120 LDY #&FF
1130 SEI
1140 STX eventv
1150 STY eventv+1
1160 CLI
1170 LDA #14
1180 LDX #4
1190 JSR osbyte
1200 .quit
1210 PLA
1220 STA address+1
1230 PLA
1240 STA address
1250 PLA
1260 PLA
1270 PLA
1280 LDA #0
1290 RTS
1300 .eventoff
1310 LDA #13
1320 LDX #4
1330 LDY #0
1340 JMP osbyte
1350 .lock
1360 PHP
1370 CMP #4
1380 BNE notfour
1390 PHA
1400 LDA &3CA
1410 ORA #1 \ AND #&FE to unlock
1420 STA &3CA
1430 PLA
1440 .notfour
1450 PLP
1460 RTS
1470 .syntax
1480 BRK
1490 BRK
1500 OPT FNequs("Syntax")
1510 OPT FNequb(&3A)
1520 OPT FNequs(" *LOCK ON/OFF")
1530 BRK
1540 OPT FNequb(&FF)
1550 .cfs
1560 BRK
1570 BRK
1580 OPT FNequs("Type *TAPE and try again")
1590 BRK
1600 OPT FNequb(&FF)
1610 .error
1620 STX address
1630 STY address+1
1640 LDY #&FF
1650 .errorloop
1660 INY
1670 LDA (address),Y
1680 STA errstack,Y
1690 BPL errorloop
1700 PLA
1710 STA address+1
1720 PLA
1730 STA address
1740 JMP errstack
1750 .lastbyte
1760 ]
1770 NEXT
1780 INPUT'"Save filename = "filename$
1790 IF filename$="" END
1800 $save="SAVE "+filename$+" "+STR$~(HIMEM)+" "+STR$~(las
tbyte)+" FFFF8000 FFFF8000"
1810 X%=save MOD 256
1820 Y%=save DIV 256
1830 *OPT1,2
1840 CALL oscli
1850 *OPT1,0
1860 END
1870 DEFFNequb(byte)
1880 ?P%=byte
1890 P%=P%+1
1900 =pass
1910 DEFFNequw(word)
1920 ?P%=word MOD 256
1930 P%?1=word DIV 256
1940 P%=P%+2
1950 =pass
1960 DEFFNequd(double)
1970 !P%=double
1980 P%=P%+4
1990 =pass
2000 DEFFNequs(string$)
2010 $P%=string$
2020 P%=P%+LEN(string$)
2030 =pass
00000000 4d 61 73 74 65 72 69 6e 67 20 53 69 64 65 77 61 |Mastering Sidewa|
00000010 79 73 20 52 4f 4d 20 26 20 52 41 4d 20 2d 20 4d |ys ROM & RAM - M|
00000020 6f 64 75 6c 65 20 31 30 20 2d 20 45 78 74 65 6e |odule 10 - Exten|
00000030 64 65 64 20 76 65 63 74 6f 72 73 0d 2d 2d 2d 2d |ded vectors.----|
00000040 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |----------------|
*
00000070 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0d 20 20 54 68 65 20 42 |-------.. The B|
00000080 42 43 20 6d 69 63 72 6f 63 6f 6d 70 75 74 65 72 |BC microcomputer|
00000090 20 6d 61 6b 65 73 20 65 78 74 65 6e 73 69 76 65 | makes extensive|
000000a0 20 75 73 65 20 6f 66 20 76 65 63 74 6f 72 73 2e | use of vectors.|
000000b0 20 54 68 65 20 4d 4f 53 0d 76 65 63 74 6f 72 73 | The MOS.vectors|
000000c0 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 66 6f 75 6e 64 20 69 6e | can be found in|
000000d0 20 70 61 67 65 20 74 77 6f 20 6f 66 20 6d 65 6d | page two of mem|
000000e0 6f 72 79 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 26 32 30 30 20 74 6f |ory from &200 to|
000000f0 20 26 32 33 35 2e 20 54 68 65 72 65 20 69 73 0d | &235. There is.|
00000100 61 6c 73 6f 20 61 6e 20 61 72 65 61 20 6f 66 20 |also an area of |
00000110 6d 65 6d 6f 72 79 20 69 6e 20 70 61 67 65 20 26 |memory in page &|
00000120 30 44 20 6b 6e 6f 77 6e 20 61 73 20 74 68 65 20 |0D known as the |
00000130 65 78 74 65 6e 64 65 64 20 76 65 63 74 6f 72 20 |extended vector |
00000140 73 70 61 63 65 0d 77 68 69 63 68 20 68 61 73 20 |space.which has |
00000150 61 20 66 75 72 74 68 65 72 20 74 68 72 65 65 20 |a further three |
00000160 62 79 74 65 73 2c 20 63 61 6c 6c 65 64 20 61 6e |bytes, called an|
00000170 20 65 78 74 65 6e 64 65 64 20 76 65 63 74 6f 72 | extended vector|
00000180 2c 20 61 76 61 69 6c 61 62 6c 65 0d 74 6f 20 65 |, available.to e|
00000190 61 63 68 20 76 65 63 74 6f 72 2e 20 54 68 65 20 |ach vector. The |
000001a0 66 69 72 73 74 20 74 77 6f 20 62 79 74 65 73 20 |first two bytes |
000001b0 6f 66 20 61 6e 20 65 78 74 65 6e 64 65 64 20 76 |of an extended v|
000001c0 65 63 74 6f 72 20 73 74 6f 72 65 20 74 68 65 0d |ector store the.|
000001d0 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 6f 66 20 61 20 76 65 63 |address of a vec|
000001e0 74 6f 72 65 64 20 72 6f 75 74 69 6e 65 20 69 66 |tored routine if|
000001f0 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 69 6e 20 61 20 73 69 64 65 | it is in a side|
00000200 77 61 79 73 20 72 6f 6d 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 |ways rom and the|
00000210 20 74 68 69 72 64 0d 62 79 74 65 20 73 74 6f 72 | third.byte stor|
00000220 65 73 20 74 68 65 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 6f 66 |es the number of|
00000230 20 74 68 61 74 20 72 6f 6d 2e 0d 0d 20 20 49 6e | that rom... In|
00000240 20 74 68 69 73 20 6d 6f 64 75 6c 65 20 49 20 77 | this module I w|
00000250 69 6c 6c 20 73 68 6f 77 20 79 6f 75 20 68 6f 77 |ill show you how|
00000260 20 74 68 65 20 76 65 63 74 6f 72 65 64 20 6f 70 | the vectored op|
00000270 65 72 61 74 69 6e 67 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d 0d 72 |erating system.r|
00000280 6f 75 74 69 6e 65 73 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 72 |outines can be r|
00000290 65 2d 76 65 63 74 6f 72 65 64 20 74 6f 20 70 6f |e-vectored to po|
000002a0 69 6e 74 20 74 6f 20 61 6e 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 |int to an addres|
000002b0 73 20 69 6e 20 79 6f 75 72 20 53 57 52 0d 73 6f |s in your SWR.so|
000002c0 66 74 77 61 72 65 2e 20 54 6f 20 64 6f 20 74 68 |ftware. To do th|
000002d0 69 73 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 6e 65 63 65 73 73 61 |is it is necessa|
000002e0 72 79 20 74 6f 20 73 74 6f 72 65 20 74 68 65 20 |ry to store the |
000002f0 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 61 6e 64 20 72 6f 6d 0d |address and rom.|
00000300 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 6f 66 20 79 6f 75 72 20 6e |number of your n|
00000310 65 77 20 72 6f 75 74 69 6e 65 20 69 6e 20 74 68 |ew routine in th|
00000320 65 20 65 78 74 65 6e 64 65 64 20 76 65 63 74 6f |e extended vecto|
00000330 72 20 73 70 61 63 65 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 6e |r space and then|
00000340 0d 63 68 61 6e 67 65 20 74 68 65 20 61 64 64 72 |.change the addr|
00000350 65 73 73 20 63 6f 6e 74 61 69 6e 65 64 20 69 6e |ess contained in|
00000360 20 61 20 76 65 63 74 6f 72 20 74 6f 20 70 6f 69 | a vector to poi|
00000370 6e 74 20 74 6f 20 61 6e 20 65 78 74 65 6e 64 65 |nt to an extende|
00000380 64 0d 76 65 63 74 6f 72 20 65 6e 74 72 79 20 70 |d.vector entry p|
00000390 6f 69 6e 74 20 69 6e 20 70 61 67 65 20 26 46 46 |oint in page &FF|
000003a0 2e 0d 0d 20 20 54 68 65 72 65 20 61 72 65 20 74 |... There are t|
000003b0 77 6f 20 73 74 72 61 74 65 67 69 65 73 20 66 6f |wo strategies fo|
000003c0 72 20 72 65 74 75 72 6e 69 6e 67 20 66 72 6f 6d |r returning from|
000003d0 20 76 65 63 74 6f 72 65 64 20 63 6f 64 65 2c 20 | vectored code, |
000003e0 74 68 65 73 65 0d 61 72 65 3a 0d 0d 31 2e 20 49 |these.are:..1. I|
000003f0 66 20 74 68 65 20 72 6f 75 74 69 6e 65 20 63 6f |f the routine co|
00000400 6d 70 6c 65 74 65 6c 79 20 72 65 70 6c 61 63 65 |mpletely replace|
00000410 73 20 74 68 65 20 73 74 61 6e 64 61 72 64 20 63 |s the standard c|
00000420 6f 64 65 20 69 74 20 65 78 69 74 73 20 77 69 74 |ode it exits wit|
00000430 68 0d 61 6e 20 52 54 53 20 69 6e 73 74 72 75 63 |h.an RTS instruc|
00000440 74 69 6f 6e 2e 0d 0d 32 2e 20 49 66 20 72 6f 75 |tion...2. If rou|
00000450 74 69 6e 65 20 64 6f 65 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 63 6f |tine does not co|
00000460 6d 70 6c 65 74 65 6c 79 20 72 65 70 6c 61 63 65 |mpletely replace|
00000470 20 74 68 65 20 73 74 61 6e 64 61 72 64 20 63 6f | the standard co|
00000480 64 65 20 69 74 20 72 65 74 75 72 6e 73 0d 77 69 |de it returns.wi|
00000490 74 68 20 4a 4d 50 20 28 6f 6c 64 76 65 63 29 20 |th JMP (oldvec) |
000004a0 61 66 74 65 72 20 72 65 73 74 6f 72 69 6e 67 20 |after restoring |
000004b0 74 68 65 20 72 65 67 69 73 74 65 72 73 2e 20 6f |the registers. o|
000004c0 6c 64 76 65 63 20 69 73 20 74 68 65 0d 6f 72 69 |ldvec is the.ori|
000004d0 67 69 6e 61 6c 20 76 65 63 74 6f 72 20 63 6f 6e |ginal vector con|
000004e0 74 65 6e 74 73 2e 0d 0d 20 20 54 68 65 20 65 78 |tents... The ex|
000004f0 61 6d 70 6c 65 20 75 73 65 64 20 69 6e 20 74 68 |ample used in th|
00000500 69 73 20 6d 6f 64 75 6c 65 20 64 65 61 6c 73 20 |is module deals |
00000510 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 73 |with the first s|
00000520 74 72 61 74 65 67 79 20 62 75 74 0d 74 68 65 20 |trategy but.the |
00000530 65 78 74 65 6e 64 65 64 20 76 65 63 74 6f 72 20 |extended vector |
00000540 74 65 63 68 6e 69 71 75 65 20 64 65 6d 6f 6e 73 |technique demons|
00000550 74 72 61 74 65 64 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 75 73 |trated can be us|
00000560 65 64 20 74 6f 20 64 65 61 6c 20 77 69 74 68 0d |ed to deal with.|
00000570 65 69 74 68 65 72 20 73 74 72 61 74 65 67 79 20 |either strategy |
00000580 6f 72 20 61 20 63 6f 6d 62 69 6e 61 74 69 6f 6e |or a combination|
00000590 20 6f 66 20 62 6f 74 68 20 73 74 72 61 74 65 67 | of both strateg|
000005a0 69 65 73 2e 0d 0d 20 20 45 61 63 68 20 6f 66 20 |ies... Each of |
000005b0 74 68 65 20 74 77 65 6e 74 79 20 73 65 76 65 6e |the twenty seven|
000005c0 20 4d 4f 53 20 76 65 63 74 6f 72 73 20 68 61 73 | MOS vectors has|
000005d0 20 61 20 76 65 63 74 6f 72 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 | a vector number|
000005e0 2c 20 6e 2c 20 73 75 63 68 0d 74 68 61 74 20 74 |, n, such.that t|
000005f0 68 65 20 76 65 63 74 6f 72 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 |he vector can be|
00000600 20 66 6f 75 6e 64 20 61 74 20 6c 6f 63 61 74 69 | found at locati|
00000610 6f 6e 20 26 32 30 30 2b 28 32 2a 6e 29 2e 20 54 |on &200+(2*n). T|
00000620 68 65 20 65 78 74 65 6e 64 65 64 0d 76 65 63 74 |he extended.vect|
00000630 6f 72 20 65 6e 74 72 79 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 20 66 |or entry point f|
00000640 6f 72 20 65 61 63 68 20 76 65 63 74 6f 72 20 63 |or each vector c|
00000650 61 6e 20 62 65 20 66 6f 75 6e 64 20 61 74 20 26 |an be found at &|
00000660 46 46 30 30 2b 28 33 2a 6e 29 2e 0d 0d 20 20 54 |FF00+(3*n)... T|
00000670 68 65 20 73 74 61 72 74 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 |he start of the |
00000680 65 78 74 65 6e 64 65 64 20 76 65 63 74 6f 72 20 |extended vector |
00000690 73 70 61 63 65 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 65 20 |space should be |
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00003830 23 34 0d 20 31 33 33 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |#4. 1330 |
00003840 20 4c 44 59 20 23 30 0d 20 31 33 34 30 20 20 20 | LDY #0. 1340 |
00003850 20 20 20 20 20 20 4a 4d 50 20 6f 73 62 79 74 65 | JMP osbyte|
00003860 0d 20 31 33 35 30 20 2e 6c 6f 63 6b 20 20 20 0d |. 1350 .lock .|
00003870 20 31 33 36 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 50 48 | 1360 PH|
00003880 50 0d 20 31 33 37 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |P. 1370 |
00003890 43 4d 50 20 23 34 0d 20 31 33 38 30 20 20 20 20 |CMP #4. 1380 |
000038a0 20 20 20 20 20 42 4e 45 20 6e 6f 74 66 6f 75 72 | BNE notfour|
000038b0 0d 20 31 33 39 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 50 |. 1390 P|
000038c0 48 41 20 0d 20 31 34 30 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |HA . 1400 |
000038d0 20 20 4c 44 41 20 26 33 43 41 20 0d 20 31 34 31 | LDA &3CA . 141|
000038e0 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4f 52 41 20 23 31 |0 ORA #1|
000038f0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 5c 20 41 4e 44 20 23 26 | \ AND #&|
00003900 46 45 20 74 6f 20 75 6e 6c 6f 63 6b 0d 20 31 34 |FE to unlock. 14|
00003910 32 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 53 54 41 20 26 |20 STA &|
00003920 33 43 41 20 0d 20 31 34 33 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 |3CA . 1430 |
00003930 20 20 20 50 4c 41 20 0d 20 31 34 34 30 20 2e 6e | PLA . 1440 .n|
00003940 6f 74 66 6f 75 72 0d 20 31 34 35 30 20 20 20 20 |otfour. 1450 |
00003950 20 20 20 20 20 50 4c 50 0d 20 31 34 36 30 20 20 | PLP. 1460 |
00003960 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 52 54 53 20 0d 20 31 34 37 | RTS . 147|
00003970 30 20 2e 73 79 6e 74 61 78 0d 20 31 34 38 30 20 |0 .syntax. 1480 |
00003980 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 42 52 4b 0d 20 31 34 39 | BRK. 149|
00003990 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 42 52 4b 0d 20 31 |0 BRK. 1|
000039a0 35 30 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4f 50 54 20 |500 OPT |
000039b0 46 4e 65 71 75 73 28 22 53 79 6e 74 61 78 22 29 |FNequs("Syntax")|
000039c0 0d 20 31 35 31 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4f |. 1510 O|
000039d0 50 54 20 46 4e 65 71 75 62 28 26 33 41 29 0d 20 |PT FNequb(&3A). |
000039e0 31 35 32 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4f 50 54 |1520 OPT|
000039f0 20 46 4e 65 71 75 73 28 22 20 2a 4c 4f 43 4b 20 | FNequs(" *LOCK |
00003a00 4f 4e 2f 4f 46 46 22 29 0d 20 31 35 33 30 20 20 |ON/OFF"). 1530 |
00003a10 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 42 52 4b 0d 20 31 35 34 30 | BRK. 1540|
00003a20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4f 50 54 20 46 4e 65 | OPT FNe|
00003a30 71 75 62 28 26 46 46 29 0d 20 31 35 35 30 20 2e |qub(&FF). 1550 .|
00003a40 63 66 73 0d 20 31 35 36 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |cfs. 1560 |
00003a50 20 20 42 52 4b 0d 20 31 35 37 30 20 20 20 20 20 | BRK. 1570 |
00003a60 20 20 20 20 42 52 4b 0d 20 31 35 38 30 20 20 20 | BRK. 1580 |
00003a70 20 20 20 20 20 20 4f 50 54 20 46 4e 65 71 75 73 | OPT FNequs|
00003a80 28 22 54 79 70 65 20 2a 54 41 50 45 20 61 6e 64 |("Type *TAPE and|
00003a90 20 74 72 79 20 61 67 61 69 6e 22 29 0d 20 31 35 | try again"). 15|
00003aa0 39 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 42 52 4b 0d 20 |90 BRK. |
00003ab0 31 36 30 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4f 50 54 |1600 OPT|
00003ac0 20 46 4e 65 71 75 62 28 26 46 46 29 0d 20 31 36 | FNequb(&FF). 16|
00003ad0 31 30 20 2e 65 72 72 6f 72 0d 20 31 36 32 30 20 |10 .error. 1620 |
00003ae0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 53 54 58 20 61 64 64 72 | STX addr|
00003af0 65 73 73 0d 20 31 36 33 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ess. 1630 |
00003b00 20 20 53 54 59 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 2b 31 0d | STY address+1.|
00003b10 20 31 36 34 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4c 44 | 1640 LD|
00003b20 59 20 23 26 46 46 0d 20 31 36 35 30 20 2e 65 72 |Y #&FF. 1650 .er|
00003b30 72 6f 72 6c 6f 6f 70 0d 20 31 36 36 30 20 20 20 |rorloop. 1660 |
00003b40 20 20 20 20 20 20 49 4e 59 0d 20 31 36 37 30 20 | INY. 1670 |
00003b50 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4c 44 41 20 28 61 64 64 | LDA (add|
00003b60 72 65 73 73 29 2c 59 0d 20 31 36 38 30 20 20 20 |ress),Y. 1680 |
00003b70 20 20 20 20 20 20 53 54 41 20 65 72 72 73 74 61 | STA errsta|
00003b80 63 6b 2c 59 0d 20 31 36 39 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ck,Y. 1690 |
00003b90 20 20 20 42 50 4c 20 65 72 72 6f 72 6c 6f 6f 70 | BPL errorloop|
00003ba0 0d 20 31 37 30 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 50 |. 1700 P|
00003bb0 4c 41 0d 20 31 37 31 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |LA. 1710 |
00003bc0 20 53 54 41 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 2b 31 0d 20 | STA address+1. |
00003bd0 31 37 32 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 50 4c 41 |1720 PLA|
00003be0 0d 20 31 37 33 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 53 |. 1730 S|
00003bf0 54 41 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 0d 20 31 37 34 30 |TA address. 1740|
00003c00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4a 4d 50 20 65 72 72 | JMP err|
00003c10 73 74 61 63 6b 0d 20 31 37 35 30 20 2e 6c 61 73 |stack. 1750 .las|
00003c20 74 62 79 74 65 0d 20 31 37 36 30 20 5d 0d 20 31 |tbyte. 1760 ]. 1|
00003c30 37 37 30 20 4e 45 58 54 0d 20 31 37 38 30 20 49 |770 NEXT. 1780 I|
00003c40 4e 50 55 54 27 22 53 61 76 65 20 66 69 6c 65 6e |NPUT'"Save filen|
00003c50 61 6d 65 20 3d 20 22 66 69 6c 65 6e 61 6d 65 24 |ame = "filename$|
00003c60 0d 20 31 37 39 30 20 49 46 20 66 69 6c 65 6e 61 |. 1790 IF filena|
00003c70 6d 65 24 3d 22 22 20 45 4e 44 0d 20 31 38 30 30 |me$="" END. 1800|
00003c80 20 24 73 61 76 65 3d 22 53 41 56 45 20 22 2b 66 | $save="SAVE "+f|
00003c90 69 6c 65 6e 61 6d 65 24 2b 22 20 22 2b 53 54 52 |ilename$+" "+STR|
00003ca0 24 7e 28 48 49 4d 45 4d 29 2b 22 20 22 2b 53 54 |$~(HIMEM)+" "+ST|
00003cb0 52 24 7e 28 6c 61 73 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 74 62 |R$~(las. tb|
00003cc0 79 74 65 29 2b 22 20 46 46 46 46 38 30 30 30 20 |yte)+" FFFF8000 |
00003cd0 46 46 46 46 38 30 30 30 22 0d 20 31 38 31 30 20 |FFFF8000". 1810 |
00003ce0 58 25 3d 73 61 76 65 20 4d 4f 44 20 32 35 36 0d |X%=save MOD 256.|
00003cf0 20 31 38 32 30 20 59 25 3d 73 61 76 65 20 44 49 | 1820 Y%=save DI|
00003d00 56 20 32 35 36 0d 20 31 38 33 30 20 2a 4f 50 54 |V 256. 1830 *OPT|
00003d10 31 2c 32 0d 20 31 38 34 30 20 43 41 4c 4c 20 6f |1,2. 1840 CALL o|
00003d20 73 63 6c 69 0d 20 31 38 35 30 20 2a 4f 50 54 31 |scli. 1850 *OPT1|
00003d30 2c 30 0d 20 31 38 36 30 20 45 4e 44 0d 20 31 38 |,0. 1860 END. 18|
00003d40 37 30 20 44 45 46 46 4e 65 71 75 62 28 62 79 74 |70 DEFFNequb(byt|
00003d50 65 29 0d 20 31 38 38 30 20 3f 50 25 3d 62 79 74 |e). 1880 ?P%=byt|
00003d60 65 0d 20 31 38 39 30 20 50 25 3d 50 25 2b 31 0d |e. 1890 P%=P%+1.|
00003d70 20 31 39 30 30 20 3d 70 61 73 73 0d 20 31 39 31 | 1900 =pass. 191|
00003d80 30 20 44 45 46 46 4e 65 71 75 77 28 77 6f 72 64 |0 DEFFNequw(word|
00003d90 29 0d 20 31 39 32 30 20 3f 50 25 3d 77 6f 72 64 |). 1920 ?P%=word|
00003da0 20 4d 4f 44 20 32 35 36 0d 20 31 39 33 30 20 50 | MOD 256. 1930 P|
00003db0 25 3f 31 3d 77 6f 72 64 20 44 49 56 20 32 35 36 |%?1=word DIV 256|
00003dc0 0d 20 31 39 34 30 20 50 25 3d 50 25 2b 32 0d 20 |. 1940 P%=P%+2. |
00003dd0 31 39 35 30 20 3d 70 61 73 73 0d 20 31 39 36 30 |1950 =pass. 1960|
00003de0 20 44 45 46 46 4e 65 71 75 64 28 64 6f 75 62 6c | DEFFNequd(doubl|
00003df0 65 29 0d 20 31 39 37 30 20 21 50 25 3d 64 6f 75 |e). 1970 !P%=dou|
00003e00 62 6c 65 0d 20 31 39 38 30 20 50 25 3d 50 25 2b |ble. 1980 P%=P%+|
00003e10 34 0d 20 31 39 39 30 20 3d 70 61 73 73 0d 20 32 |4. 1990 =pass. 2|
00003e20 30 30 30 20 44 45 46 46 4e 65 71 75 73 28 73 74 |000 DEFFNequs(st|
00003e30 72 69 6e 67 24 29 0d 20 32 30 31 30 20 24 50 25 |ring$). 2010 $P%|
00003e40 3d 73 74 72 69 6e 67 24 0d 20 32 30 32 30 20 50 |=string$. 2020 P|
00003e50 25 3d 50 25 2b 4c 45 4e 28 73 74 72 69 6e 67 24 |%=P%+LEN(string$|
00003e60 29 0d 20 32 30 33 30 20 3d 70 61 73 73 0d |). 2030 =pass.|
00003e6e 
04-01-88/T\SWR10.m0
04-01-88/T\SWR10.m1
04-01-88/T\SWR10.m2
04-01-88/T\SWR10.m4
04-01-88/T\SWR10.m5
.