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05-08-88/T\SWR_OLD
This website contains an archive of files for the Acorn Electron, BBC Micro, Acorn Archimedes, Commodore 16 and Commodore 64 computers, which Dominic Ford has rescued from his private collection of floppy disks and cassettes.
Some of these files were originally commercial releases in the 1980s and 1990s, but they are now widely available online. I assume that copyright over them is no longer being asserted. If you own the copyright and would like files to be removed, please contact me.
Tape/disk: | Home » CEEFAX disks » telesoftware8.adl |
Filename: | 05-08-88/T\SWR_OLD |
Read OK: | ✔ |
File size: | 2784 bytes |
Load address: | 0000 |
Exec address: | FFFFFFFF |
File contents
Mastering Sideways ROM & RAM - Module 05 - Reading arguments ------------------------------------------------------------ In this module I will extend the interpreter introduced in Module 3 to include reading arguments which follow the * command. There are two MOS subroutines used to read arguments. They are Gsinit at &FFC2 and Gsread at &FFC5. Gsinit should be used to initialise an argument which is to be read using Gsread. Gsinit uses the text pointers at &F2 and &F3 with an offset in the Y register to identify the argument address. The argument can be enclosed by quotation marks but it does not have to be. Gsinit is used to strip off any leading spaces and to set up an information byte in zero page which indicates the termination character of the argument. Before calling Gsinit you should clear the carry flag if you want the second quotation mark, the first space within the argument, or a carriage return as the terminating character. You should set the carry flag before calling Gsinit if you do not want a space to be recognised as a terminating character. If in doubt, set the carry flag before calling Gsinit. After calling Gsinit the Y register contains an offset to the first character of the argument and the accumulator contains the first character of the argument. The zero flag is set if the argument is a null string. For example, imagine you have typed *CURSOR ON and the interpreter has recognised the command CURSOR. Before calling Gsinit, the text pointers at &F2 and &F3 will point to the command with the offset in Y pointing to the second R of CURSOR. After calling Gsinit the offset in Y will point to the O of ON, the zero flag will be clear, and the terminating character will be the carriage return after the N of ON. If ON is enclosed by quotation marks the offset in Y will still point to the O of ON and the zero flag will be clear, but the terminating character will be the second quotation mark. If an argument is not typed or if *CURSOR "" is typed the zero flag will be set on return from Gsinit. Figure 5.1 shows the offset in the Y register pointing to the end of the command before calling Gsinit and pointing to the beginning of the argument after calling Gsinit. +- Y before Gsinit -+ ! ! v v >*CURSOR ON >*CURSOR "ON" ^ ^ ! ! +-- Y after Gsinit --+ Figure 5.1 The offset in Y before and after calling Gsinit. ----------------------------------------------------------- Gsread is used to read each byte of the argument. This routine should only be used following a Gsinit call or a previous Gsread. Following Gsinit the text pointers and Y register will point to the first byte of the argument. After calling Gsread the accumulator contains the character read from the argument, Y is incremented to point to the next character, X is preserved and the carry flag is set if the terminating character has been read. The effect of calling Gsread is similar to, but not the same as: LDA (&F2),Y INY The difference exists because Gsread tests the content of A to see if the terminating character, and hence the end of the argument, has been read. The terminating character can be either a second quotation mark, a space or a carriage return as defined by Gsinit. Using Gsinit to initialise an argument and Gsread to read it is more versatile than simply reading the argument using post-indexed indirect addressing with the text pointers. The difference may seem insignificant with the simple example used above but it is useful if the argument is a number when the place value of a particular character depends on its displacement from the terminating character. Reading numerical arguments will be covered in module 11. Because the effect of using Gsread is very similar to reading a string using post-indexed indirect addressing with the text pointers you may be tempted to use Gsread in the interpreter to read the unrecognised command. If you do you will find that most of the time it will work but, sooner or later, you will start getting mysterious "bad string" error messages. Don't be tempted into wasting your time using Gsread in the interpreter. Stick with the method demonstrated in Module 3. Figure 5.2 shows how the interpreter used in the last two modules can be modified to read an argument. .found SEC \ terminate with Return or " JSR &FFC2 \ initialise argument with Gsinit BEQ exit \ branch if null argument JSR &FFC5 \ read first character with Gsread BCS exit \ branch if end of argument AND #&DF \ force upper case . . . .exit PLA \ discard Y PLA \ discard X PLA \ discard A LDA #0 \ service call recognised RTS \ return to MOS Figure 5.2 Using Gsinit and Gsread to read an argument. ------------------------------------------------------- The carry flag is set before calling Gsinit. The terminating character of the argument will be a carriage return or a second quotation mark. After setting the carry flag Gsinit is called to initialise the argument. If the argument is null Gsinit returns with the zero flag set. This can be tested and branch to exit if there is nothing to read. If the zero flag is clear there is an argument to be read by calling Gsread for each character. Gsread will return with the carry flag set when the terminating character is read and an appropriate branch can be made after testing the carry flag. This method of reading an argument has been used in the progran CURSOR. When the interpreter (lines 280-540) recognises the command *CURSOR it passes control to the label ".found" (line 550). The argument is initialised (lines 560-570) and the argument is tested (line 580). If a null argument is detected the program returns control to the MOS with A=0 (lines 860-910). If an argument is found the program expects to read either ON or OFF. To test for ON or OFF the first character can be skipped since it should be an "O" (line 590). The next character is read using Gsread (line 600) and tested for a terminating character (line 610) and either "F" (line 630) or "N" (line 650). There is no need to read and test for the second F of OFF. If the second character of the argument is "F" the cursor is switched off (lines 690-850), if it is "N" the cursor is switched on (lines 670-850). When you load the object code generated by CURSOR into SWR to see how it works it is possible to deceive yourself into believing that there is something wrong with it. If you type *CURSOR OFF and press Return the cursor will go off as expected. Type *CURSOR ON and it will come back on. Everything seems OK. Type *CURSOR OFF and Return and then type *CURSOR and Return. The cursor stays off because you have not typed an argument. Everything is still OK. Now use the cursor keys to copy the *CURSOR command without an argument and press Return. The cursor comes back on when it should have stayed off. This will happen because you will re-enable the cursor with the cursor keys. There is nothing wrong with the argument reading technique demonstrated in the program. 10 REM: CURSOR 20 MODE7 30 HIMEM=&3C00 40 DIM save 50 50 diff=&8000-HIMEM 60 comvec=&F2 70 gsinit=&FFC2 80 gsread=&FFC5 90 osasci=&FFE3 100 oscli=&FFF7 110 FOR pass = 0 TO 2 STEP 2 1 AX 530 PLA 540 RTS 550 .found 560 SEC \ Terminate with Return or " 570 JSR gsinit 580 BEQ exit \ Branch if null argument 590 INY \ First character must be "O" 600 JSR gsread \ Second character "F" or "N" 610 BCS exit \ Branch if end of argument 620 AND #&DF \ Upper case 630 CMP #ASC("F") 640 BEQ cursoroff 650 CMP #ASC("N") 660 BNE exit 670 SEC 680 BCS cursor 690 .cursoroff 700 CLC 710 .cursor 720 PHP 730 LDA #23 740 JSR osasci 750 LDA #1 760 JSR osasci 770 PLA 780 AND #1 790 JSR osasci 800 LDA #0 810 LDX #7 820 .cursorloop 830 JSR osasci 840 DEX 850 BNE cursorloop 860 .exit 870 PLA 880 PLA 890 PLA 900 LDA #0 910 RTS 920 .lastbyte 930 ] 940 NEXT 950 INPUT'"Save filename = "filename$ 960 IF filename$="" END 970 $save="SAVE "+filename$+" "+STR$~(HIMEM)+" "+STR$~(las tbyte)+" FFFF8000 FFFF8000" 980 X%=save MOD 256 990 Y%=save DIV 256 1000 *OPT1,2 1010 CALL oscli 1020 *OPT1,0 1030 END 1040 DEFFNequb(byte) 1050 ?P%=byte 1060 P%=P%+1 1070 =pass 1080 DEFFNequw(word) 1090 ?P%=word MOD 256 1100 P%?1=word DIV 256 1110 P%=P%+2 1120 =pass 1130 DEFFNequd(double) 1140 !P%=double 1150 P%=P%+4 1160 =pass 1170 DEFFNequs(string$) 1180 $P%=string$ 1190 P%=P%+LEN(string$) 1200 =pass
00000000 4d 61 73 74 65 72 69 6e 67 20 53 69 64 65 77 61 |Mastering Sidewa| 00000010 79 73 20 52 4f 4d 20 26 20 52 41 4d 20 2d 20 4d |ys ROM & RAM - M| 00000020 6f 64 75 6c 65 20 30 35 20 2d 20 52 65 61 64 69 |odule 05 - Readi| 00000030 6e 67 20 61 72 67 75 6d 65 6e 74 73 0d 2d 2d 2d |ng arguments.---| 00000040 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |----------------| * 00000070 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0d 20 20 49 6e 20 |---------.. In | 00000080 74 68 69 73 20 6d 6f 64 75 6c 65 20 49 20 77 69 |this module I wi| 00000090 6c 6c 20 65 78 74 65 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 69 6e |ll extend the in| 000000a0 74 65 72 70 72 65 74 65 72 20 69 6e 74 72 6f 64 |terpreter introd| 000000b0 75 63 65 64 20 69 6e 20 4d 6f 64 75 6c 65 20 33 |uced in Module 3| 000000c0 0d 74 6f 20 69 6e 63 6c 75 64 65 20 72 65 61 64 |.to include read| 000000d0 69 6e 67 20 61 72 67 75 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 77 68 |ing arguments wh| 000000e0 69 63 68 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 20 74 68 65 20 2a |ich follow the *| 000000f0 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 2e 0d 0d 20 20 54 68 65 | command... The| 00000100 72 65 20 61 72 65 20 74 77 6f 20 4d 4f 53 20 73 |re are two MOS s| 00000110 75 62 72 6f 75 74 69 6e 65 73 20 75 73 65 64 20 |ubroutines used | 00000120 74 6f 20 72 65 61 64 20 61 72 67 75 6d 65 6e 74 |to read argument| 00000130 73 2e 20 54 68 65 79 20 61 72 65 0d 47 73 69 6e |s. They are.Gsin| 00000140 69 74 20 61 74 20 26 46 46 43 32 20 61 6e 64 20 |it at &FFC2 and | 00000150 47 73 72 65 61 64 20 61 74 20 26 46 46 43 35 2e |Gsread at &FFC5.| 00000160 0d 0d 20 20 47 73 69 6e 69 74 20 73 68 6f 75 6c |.. Gsinit shoul| 00000170 64 20 62 65 20 75 73 65 64 20 74 6f 20 69 6e 69 |d be used to ini| 00000180 74 69 61 6c 69 73 65 20 61 6e 20 61 72 67 75 6d |tialise an argum| 00000190 65 6e 74 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 69 73 20 74 6f 20 |ent which is to | 000001a0 62 65 20 72 65 61 64 0d 75 73 69 6e 67 20 47 73 |be read.using Gs| 000001b0 72 65 61 64 2e 20 47 73 69 6e 69 74 20 75 73 65 |read. Gsinit use| 000001c0 73 20 74 68 65 20 74 65 78 74 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 |s the text point| 000001d0 65 72 73 20 61 74 20 26 46 32 20 61 6e 64 20 26 |ers at &F2 and &| 000001e0 46 33 20 77 69 74 68 20 61 6e 0d 6f 66 66 73 65 |F3 with an.offse| 000001f0 74 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 59 20 72 65 67 69 73 |t in the Y regis| 00000200 74 65 72 20 74 6f 20 69 64 65 6e 74 69 66 79 20 |ter to identify | 00000210 74 68 65 20 61 72 67 75 6d 65 6e 74 20 61 64 64 |the argument add| 00000220 72 65 73 73 2e 20 54 68 65 0d 61 72 67 75 6d 65 |ress. The.argume| 00000230 6e 74 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 65 6e 63 6c 6f 73 |nt can be enclos| 00000240 65 64 20 62 79 20 71 75 6f 74 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 |ed by quotation | 00000250 6d 61 72 6b 73 20 62 75 74 20 69 74 20 64 6f 65 |marks but it doe| 00000260 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 68 61 76 65 20 74 6f 0d 62 65 |s not have to.be| 00000270 2e 20 47 73 69 6e 69 74 20 69 73 20 75 73 65 64 |. Gsinit is used| 00000280 20 74 6f 20 73 74 72 69 70 20 6f 66 66 20 61 6e | to strip off an| 00000290 79 20 6c 65 61 64 69 6e 67 20 73 70 61 63 65 73 |y leading spaces| 000002a0 20 61 6e 64 20 74 6f 20 73 65 74 20 75 70 20 61 | and to set up a| 000002b0 6e 0d 69 6e 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 62 79 |n.information by| 000002c0 74 65 20 69 6e 20 7a 65 72 6f 20 70 61 67 65 20 |te in zero page | 000002d0 77 68 69 63 68 20 69 6e 64 69 63 61 74 65 73 20 |which indicates | 000002e0 74 68 65 20 74 65 72 6d 69 6e 61 74 69 6f 6e 0d |the termination.| 000002f0 63 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 72 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 |character of the| 00000300 20 61 72 67 75 6d 65 6e 74 2e 0d 0d 20 20 42 65 | argument... Be| 00000310 66 6f 72 65 20 63 61 6c 6c 69 6e 67 20 47 73 69 |fore calling Gsi| 00000320 6e 69 74 20 79 6f 75 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 63 |nit you should c| 00000330 6c 65 61 72 20 74 68 65 20 63 61 72 72 79 20 66 |lear the carry f| 00000340 6c 61 67 20 69 66 20 79 6f 75 20 77 61 6e 74 0d |lag if you want.| 00000350 74 68 65 20 73 65 63 6f 6e 64 20 71 75 6f 74 61 |the second quota| 00000360 74 69 6f 6e 20 6d 61 72 6b 2c 20 74 68 65 20 66 |tion mark, the f| 00000370 69 72 73 74 20 73 70 61 63 65 20 77 69 74 68 69 |irst space withi| 00000380 6e 20 74 68 65 20 61 72 67 75 6d 65 6e 74 2c 20 |n the argument, | 00000390 6f 72 20 61 0d 63 61 72 72 69 61 67 65 20 72 65 |or a.carriage re| 000003a0 74 75 72 6e 20 61 73 20 74 68 65 20 74 65 72 6d |turn as the term| 000003b0 69 6e 61 74 69 6e 67 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 |inating characte| 000003c0 72 2e 20 59 6f 75 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 73 65 |r. You should se| 000003d0 74 20 74 68 65 20 63 61 72 72 79 0d 66 6c 61 67 |t the carry.flag| 000003e0 20 62 65 66 6f 72 65 20 63 61 6c 6c 69 6e 67 20 | before calling | 000003f0 47 73 69 6e 69 74 20 69 66 20 79 6f 75 20 64 6f |Gsinit if you do| 00000400 20 6e 6f 74 20 77 61 6e 74 20 61 20 73 70 61 63 | not want a spac| 00000410 65 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 72 65 63 6f 67 6e 69 73 |e to be recognis| 00000420 65 64 0d 61 73 20 61 20 74 65 72 6d 69 6e 61 74 |ed.as a terminat| 00000430 69 6e 67 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 72 2e 20 49 |ing character. I| 00000440 66 20 69 6e 20 64 6f 75 62 74 2c 20 73 65 74 20 |f in doubt, set | 00000450 74 68 65 20 63 61 72 72 79 20 66 6c 61 67 20 62 |the carry flag b| 00000460 65 66 6f 72 65 0d 63 61 6c 6c 69 6e 67 20 47 73 |efore.calling Gs| 00000470 69 6e 69 74 2e 0d 0d 20 20 41 66 74 65 72 20 63 |init... After c| 00000480 61 6c 6c 69 6e 67 20 47 73 69 6e 69 74 20 74 68 |alling Gsinit th| 00000490 65 20 59 20 72 65 67 69 73 74 65 72 20 63 6f 6e |e Y register con| 000004a0 74 61 69 6e 73 20 61 6e 20 6f 66 66 73 65 74 20 |tains an offset | 000004b0 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 72 73 74 0d 63 68 61 |to the first.cha| 000004c0 72 61 63 74 65 72 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 61 72 |racter of the ar| 000004d0 67 75 6d 65 6e 74 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 61 |gument and the a| 000004e0 63 63 75 6d 75 6c 61 74 6f 72 20 63 6f 6e 74 61 |ccumulator conta| 000004f0 69 6e 73 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 72 73 74 0d 63 68 |ins the first.ch| 00000500 61 72 61 63 74 65 72 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 61 |aracter of the a| 00000510 72 67 75 6d 65 6e 74 2e 20 54 68 65 20 7a 65 72 |rgument. The zer| 00000520 6f 20 66 6c 61 67 20 69 73 20 73 65 74 20 69 66 |o flag is set if| 00000530 20 74 68 65 20 61 72 67 75 6d 65 6e 74 20 69 73 | the argument is| 00000540 20 61 0d 6e 75 6c 6c 20 73 74 72 69 6e 67 2e 0d | a.null string..| 00000550 0d 20 20 46 6f 72 20 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 2c 20 |. For example, | 00000560 69 6d 61 67 69 6e 65 20 79 6f 75 20 68 61 76 65 |imagine you have| 00000570 20 74 79 70 65 64 20 2a 43 55 52 53 4f 52 20 4f | typed *CURSOR O| 00000580 4e 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 69 6e 74 65 72 70 |N and the interp| 00000590 72 65 74 65 72 0d 68 61 73 20 72 65 63 6f 67 6e |reter.has recogn| 000005a0 69 73 65 64 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 |ised the command| 000005b0 20 43 55 52 53 4f 52 2e 20 42 65 66 6f 72 65 20 | CURSOR. Before | 000005c0 63 61 6c 6c 69 6e 67 20 47 73 69 6e 69 74 2c 20 |calling Gsinit, | 000005d0 74 68 65 20 74 65 78 74 0d 70 6f 69 6e 74 65 72 |the text.pointer| 000005e0 73 20 61 74 20 26 46 32 20 61 6e 64 20 26 46 33 |s at &F2 and &F3| 000005f0 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 20 74 6f 20 74 | will point to t| 00000600 68 65 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 |he command with | 00000610 74 68 65 20 6f 66 66 73 65 74 20 69 6e 20 59 0d |the offset in Y.| 00000620 70 6f 69 6e 74 69 6e 67 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 |pointing to the | 00000630 73 65 63 6f 6e 64 20 52 20 6f 66 20 43 55 52 53 |second R of CURS| 00000640 4f 52 2e 20 41 66 74 65 72 20 63 61 6c 6c 69 6e |OR. After callin| 00000650 67 20 47 73 69 6e 69 74 20 74 68 65 20 6f 66 66 |g Gsinit the off| 00000660 73 65 74 20 69 6e 0d 59 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 70 6f |set in.Y will po| 00000670 69 6e 74 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 4f 20 6f 66 20 |int to the O of | 00000680 4f 4e 2c 20 74 68 65 20 7a 65 72 6f 20 66 6c 61 |ON, the zero fla| 00000690 67 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 20 63 6c 65 61 72 2c |g will be clear,| 000006a0 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 0d 74 65 72 6d 69 6e 61 | and the.termina| 000006b0 74 69 6e 67 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 72 20 77 |ting character w| 000006c0 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 20 74 68 65 20 63 61 72 72 69 |ill be the carri| 000006d0 61 67 65 20 72 65 74 75 72 6e 20 61 66 74 65 72 |age return after| 000006e0 20 74 68 65 20 4e 20 6f 66 20 4f 4e 2e 0d 49 66 | the N of ON..If| 000006f0 20 4f 4e 20 69 73 20 65 6e 63 6c 6f 73 65 64 20 | ON is enclosed | 00000700 62 79 20 71 75 6f 74 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 6d 61 72 |by quotation mar| 00000710 6b 73 20 74 68 65 20 6f 66 66 73 65 74 20 69 6e |ks the offset in| 00000720 20 59 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 73 74 69 6c 6c 20 70 6f | Y will still po| 00000730 69 6e 74 0d 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 4f 20 6f 66 20 |int.to the O of | 00000740 4f 4e 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 7a 65 72 6f 20 |ON and the zero | 00000750 66 6c 61 67 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 20 63 6c 65 |flag will be cle| 00000760 61 72 2c 20 62 75 74 20 74 68 65 20 74 65 72 6d |ar, but the term| 00000770 69 6e 61 74 69 6e 67 0d 63 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 |inating.characte| 00000780 72 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 20 74 68 65 20 73 65 |r will be the se| 00000790 63 6f 6e 64 20 71 75 6f 74 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 6d |cond quotation m| 000007a0 61 72 6b 2e 20 49 66 20 61 6e 20 61 72 67 75 6d |ark. If an argum| 000007b0 65 6e 74 20 69 73 20 6e 6f 74 0d 74 79 70 65 64 |ent is not.typed| 000007c0 20 6f 72 20 69 66 20 2a 43 55 52 53 4f 52 20 22 | or if *CURSOR "| 000007d0 22 20 69 73 20 74 79 70 65 64 20 74 68 65 20 7a |" is typed the z| 000007e0 65 72 6f 20 66 6c 61 67 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 |ero flag will be| 000007f0 20 73 65 74 20 6f 6e 20 72 65 74 75 72 6e 0d 66 | set on return.f| 00000800 72 6f 6d 20 47 73 69 6e 69 74 2e 20 46 69 67 75 |rom Gsinit. Figu| 00000810 72 65 20 35 2e 31 20 73 68 6f 77 73 20 74 68 65 |re 5.1 shows the| 00000820 20 6f 66 66 73 65 74 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 59 | offset in the Y| 00000830 20 72 65 67 69 73 74 65 72 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 69 | register pointi| 00000840 6e 67 20 74 6f 0d 74 68 65 20 65 6e 64 20 6f 66 |ng to.the end of| 00000850 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 20 62 65 66 | the command bef| 00000860 6f 72 65 20 63 61 6c 6c 69 6e 67 20 47 73 69 6e |ore calling Gsin| 00000870 69 74 20 61 6e 64 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 69 6e 67 20 |it and pointing | 00000880 74 6f 20 74 68 65 0d 62 65 67 69 6e 6e 69 6e 67 |to the.beginning| 00000890 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 61 72 67 75 6d 65 6e 74 | of the argument| 000008a0 20 61 66 74 65 72 20 63 61 6c 6c 69 6e 67 20 47 | after calling G| 000008b0 73 69 6e 69 74 2e 0d 0d 0d 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 |sinit...... | 000008c0 20 20 2b 2d 20 59 20 62 65 66 6f 72 65 20 47 73 | +- Y before Gs| 000008d0 69 6e 69 74 20 2d 2b 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 21 |init -+. !| 000008e0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 000008f0 20 20 20 21 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 76 20 20 20 | !. v | 00000900 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 00000910 76 0d 3e 2a 43 55 52 53 4f 52 20 4f 4e 20 20 20 |v.>*CURSOR ON | 00000920 20 20 20 20 20 20 3e 2a 43 55 52 53 4f 52 20 22 | >*CURSOR "| 00000930 4f 4e 22 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 5e 20 20 |ON". ^ | 00000940 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 00000950 20 20 5e 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 21 20 20 | ^. ! | 00000960 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 00000970 20 20 21 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2b 2d 2d | !. +--| 00000980 20 59 20 61 66 74 65 72 20 47 73 69 6e 69 74 20 | Y after Gsinit | 00000990 2d 2d 2b 0d 0d 46 69 67 75 72 65 20 35 2e 31 20 |--+..Figure 5.1 | 000009a0 54 68 65 20 6f 66 66 73 65 74 20 69 6e 20 59 20 |The offset in Y | 000009b0 62 65 66 6f 72 65 20 61 6e 64 20 61 66 74 65 72 |before and after| 000009c0 20 63 61 6c 6c 69 6e 67 20 47 73 69 6e 69 74 2e | calling Gsinit.| 000009d0 0d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |.---------------| 000009e0 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |----------------| * 00000a00 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0d 0d 0d |------------....| 00000a10 0d 20 20 47 73 72 65 61 64 20 69 73 20 75 73 65 |. Gsread is use| 00000a20 64 20 74 6f 20 72 65 61 64 20 65 61 63 68 20 62 |d to read each b| 00000a30 79 74 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 61 72 67 75 6d |yte of the argum| 00000a40 65 6e 74 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20 72 6f 75 74 69 6e |ent. This routin| 00000a50 65 0d 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 62 65 |e.should only be| 00000a60 20 75 73 65 64 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 69 6e 67 20 | used following | 00000a70 61 20 47 73 69 6e 69 74 20 63 61 6c 6c 20 6f 72 |a Gsinit call or| 00000a80 20 61 20 70 72 65 76 69 6f 75 73 20 47 73 72 65 | a previous Gsre| 00000a90 61 64 2e 0d 46 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 69 6e 67 20 47 73 |ad..Following Gs| 00000aa0 69 6e 69 74 20 74 68 65 20 74 65 78 74 20 70 6f |init the text po| 00000ab0 69 6e 74 65 72 73 20 61 6e 64 20 59 20 72 65 67 |inters and Y reg| 00000ac0 69 73 74 65 72 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 |ister will point| 00000ad0 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 0d 66 69 72 73 74 20 62 79 | to the.first by| 00000ae0 74 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 61 72 67 75 6d 65 |te of the argume| 00000af0 6e 74 2e 20 41 66 74 65 72 20 63 61 6c 6c 69 6e |nt. After callin| 00000b00 67 20 47 73 72 65 61 64 20 74 68 65 20 61 63 63 |g Gsread the acc| 00000b10 75 6d 75 6c 61 74 6f 72 0d 63 6f 6e 74 61 69 6e |umulator.contain| 00000b20 73 20 74 68 65 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 72 20 |s the character | 00000b30 72 65 61 64 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 20 61 72 |read from the ar| 00000b40 67 75 6d 65 6e 74 2c 20 59 20 69 73 20 69 6e 63 |gument, Y is inc| 00000b50 72 65 6d 65 6e 74 65 64 20 74 6f 0d 70 6f 69 6e |remented to.poin| 00000b60 74 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 6e 65 78 74 20 63 68 |t to the next ch| 00000b70 61 72 61 63 74 65 72 2c 20 58 20 69 73 20 70 72 |aracter, X is pr| 00000b80 65 73 65 72 76 65 64 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 |eserved and the | 00000b90 63 61 72 72 79 20 66 6c 61 67 20 69 73 20 73 65 |carry flag is se| 00000ba0 74 0d 69 66 20 74 68 65 20 74 65 72 6d 69 6e 61 |t.if the termina| 00000bb0 74 69 6e 67 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 72 20 68 |ting character h| 00000bc0 61 73 20 62 65 65 6e 20 72 65 61 64 2e 0d 0d 20 |as been read... | 00000bd0 20 54 68 65 20 65 66 66 65 63 74 20 6f 66 20 63 | The effect of c| 00000be0 61 6c 6c 69 6e 67 20 47 73 72 65 61 64 20 69 73 |alling Gsread is| 00000bf0 20 73 69 6d 69 6c 61 72 20 74 6f 2c 20 62 75 74 | similar to, but| 00000c00 20 6e 6f 74 20 74 68 65 20 73 61 6d 65 20 61 73 | not the same as| 00000c10 3a 0d 0d 20 20 4c 44 41 20 28 26 46 32 29 2c 59 |:.. LDA (&F2),Y| 00000c20 0d 20 20 49 4e 59 0d 0d 20 20 54 68 65 20 64 69 |. INY.. The di| 00000c30 66 66 65 72 65 6e 63 65 20 65 78 69 73 74 73 20 |fference exists | 00000c40 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 47 73 72 65 61 64 20 74 |because Gsread t| 00000c50 65 73 74 73 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f 6e 74 65 6e 74 |ests the content| 00000c60 20 6f 66 20 41 20 74 6f 20 73 65 65 0d 69 66 20 | of A to see.if | 00000c70 74 68 65 20 74 65 72 6d 69 6e 61 74 69 6e 67 20 |the terminating | 00000c80 63 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 72 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 68 |character, and h| 00000c90 65 6e 63 65 20 74 68 65 20 65 6e 64 20 6f 66 20 |ence the end of | 00000ca0 74 68 65 20 61 72 67 75 6d 65 6e 74 2c 20 68 61 |the argument, ha| 00000cb0 73 0d 62 65 65 6e 20 72 65 61 64 2e 20 54 68 65 |s.been read. The| 00000cc0 20 74 65 72 6d 69 6e 61 74 69 6e 67 20 63 68 61 | terminating cha| 00000cd0 72 61 63 74 65 72 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 65 69 |racter can be ei| 00000ce0 74 68 65 72 20 61 20 73 65 63 6f 6e 64 20 71 75 |ther a second qu| 00000cf0 6f 74 61 74 69 6f 6e 0d 6d 61 72 6b 2c 20 61 20 |otation.mark, a | 00000d00 73 70 61 63 65 20 6f 72 20 61 20 63 61 72 72 69 |space or a carri| 00000d10 61 67 65 20 72 65 74 75 72 6e 20 61 73 20 64 65 |age return as de| 00000d20 66 69 6e 65 64 20 62 79 20 47 73 69 6e 69 74 2e |fined by Gsinit.| 00000d30 20 55 73 69 6e 67 20 47 73 69 6e 69 74 0d 74 6f | Using Gsinit.to| 00000d40 20 69 6e 69 74 69 61 6c 69 73 65 20 61 6e 20 61 | initialise an a| 00000d50 72 67 75 6d 65 6e 74 20 61 6e 64 20 47 73 72 65 |rgument and Gsre| 00000d60 61 64 20 74 6f 20 72 65 61 64 20 69 74 20 69 73 |ad to read it is| 00000d70 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 76 65 72 73 61 74 69 6c 65 20 | more versatile | 00000d80 74 68 61 6e 0d 73 69 6d 70 6c 79 20 72 65 61 64 |than.simply read| 00000d90 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 61 72 67 75 6d 65 6e 74 |ing the argument| 00000da0 20 75 73 69 6e 67 20 70 6f 73 74 2d 69 6e 64 65 | using post-inde| 00000db0 78 65 64 20 69 6e 64 69 72 65 63 74 20 61 64 64 |xed indirect add| 00000dc0 72 65 73 73 69 6e 67 0d 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 |ressing.with the| 00000dd0 20 74 65 78 74 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 65 72 73 2e 20 | text pointers. | 00000de0 54 68 65 20 64 69 66 66 65 72 65 6e 63 65 20 6d |The difference m| 00000df0 61 79 20 73 65 65 6d 20 69 6e 73 69 67 6e 69 66 |ay seem insignif| 00000e00 69 63 61 6e 74 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 0d 73 |icant with the.s| 00000e10 69 6d 70 6c 65 20 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 20 75 73 |imple example us| 00000e20 65 64 20 61 62 6f 76 65 20 62 75 74 20 69 74 20 |ed above but it | 00000e30 69 73 20 75 73 65 66 75 6c 20 69 66 20 74 68 65 |is useful if the| 00000e40 20 61 72 67 75 6d 65 6e 74 20 69 73 20 61 20 6e | argument is a n| 00000e50 75 6d 62 65 72 0d 77 68 65 6e 20 74 68 65 20 70 |umber.when the p| 00000e60 6c 61 63 65 20 76 61 6c 75 65 20 6f 66 20 61 20 |lace value of a | 00000e70 70 61 72 74 69 63 75 6c 61 72 20 63 68 61 72 61 |particular chara| 00000e80 63 74 65 72 20 64 65 70 65 6e 64 73 20 6f 6e 20 |cter depends on | 00000e90 69 74 73 0d 64 69 73 70 6c 61 63 65 6d 65 6e 74 |its.displacement| 00000ea0 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 20 74 65 72 6d 69 6e | from the termin| 00000eb0 61 74 69 6e 67 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 72 2e |ating character.| 00000ec0 20 52 65 61 64 69 6e 67 20 6e 75 6d 65 72 69 63 | Reading numeric| 00000ed0 61 6c 0d 61 72 67 75 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 77 69 6c |al.arguments wil| 00000ee0 6c 20 62 65 20 63 6f 76 65 72 65 64 20 69 6e 20 |l be covered in | 00000ef0 6d 6f 64 75 6c 65 20 31 31 2e 0d 0d 20 20 42 65 |module 11... Be| 00000f00 63 61 75 73 65 20 74 68 65 20 65 66 66 65 63 74 |cause the effect| 00000f10 20 6f 66 20 75 73 69 6e 67 20 47 73 72 65 61 64 | of using Gsread| 00000f20 20 69 73 20 76 65 72 79 20 73 69 6d 69 6c 61 72 | is very similar| 00000f30 20 74 6f 20 72 65 61 64 69 6e 67 20 61 0d 73 74 | to reading a.st| 00000f40 72 69 6e 67 20 75 73 69 6e 67 20 70 6f 73 74 2d |ring using post-| 00000f50 69 6e 64 65 78 65 64 20 69 6e 64 69 72 65 63 74 |indexed indirect| 00000f60 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 69 6e 67 20 77 69 74 68 | addressing with| 00000f70 20 74 68 65 20 74 65 78 74 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 65 | the text pointe| 00000f80 72 73 0d 79 6f 75 20 6d 61 79 20 62 65 20 74 65 |rs.you may be te| 00000f90 6d 70 74 65 64 20 74 6f 20 75 73 65 20 47 73 72 |mpted to use Gsr| 00000fa0 65 61 64 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 69 6e 74 65 72 |ead in the inter| 00000fb0 70 72 65 74 65 72 20 74 6f 20 72 65 61 64 20 74 |preter to read t| 00000fc0 68 65 0d 75 6e 72 65 63 6f 67 6e 69 73 65 64 20 |he.unrecognised | 00000fd0 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 2e 20 49 66 20 79 6f 75 20 |command. If you | 00000fe0 64 6f 20 79 6f 75 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 66 69 6e 64 |do you will find| 00000ff0 20 74 68 61 74 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | that most of th| 00001000 65 20 74 69 6d 65 20 69 74 0d 77 69 6c 6c 20 77 |e time it.will w| 00001010 6f 72 6b 20 62 75 74 2c 20 73 6f 6f 6e 65 72 20 |ork but, sooner | 00001020 6f 72 20 6c 61 74 65 72 2c 20 79 6f 75 20 77 69 |or later, you wi| 00001030 6c 6c 20 73 74 61 72 74 20 67 65 74 74 69 6e 67 |ll start getting| 00001040 20 6d 79 73 74 65 72 69 6f 75 73 20 22 62 61 64 | mysterious "bad| 00001050 0d 73 74 72 69 6e 67 22 20 65 72 72 6f 72 20 6d |.string" error m| 00001060 65 73 73 61 67 65 73 2e 20 44 6f 6e 27 74 20 62 |essages. Don't b| 00001070 65 20 74 65 6d 70 74 65 64 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 77 |e tempted into w| 00001080 61 73 74 69 6e 67 20 79 6f 75 72 20 74 69 6d 65 |asting your time| 00001090 20 75 73 69 6e 67 0d 47 73 72 65 61 64 20 69 6e | using.Gsread in| 000010a0 20 74 68 65 20 69 6e 74 65 72 70 72 65 74 65 72 | the interpreter| 000010b0 2e 20 53 74 69 63 6b 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 |. Stick with the| 000010c0 20 6d 65 74 68 6f 64 20 64 65 6d 6f 6e 73 74 72 | method demonstr| 000010d0 61 74 65 64 20 69 6e 0d 4d 6f 64 75 6c 65 20 33 |ated in.Module 3| 000010e0 2e 0d 0d 20 20 46 69 67 75 72 65 20 35 2e 32 20 |... Figure 5.2 | 000010f0 73 68 6f 77 73 20 68 6f 77 20 74 68 65 20 69 6e |shows how the in| 00001100 74 65 72 70 72 65 74 65 72 20 75 73 65 64 20 69 |terpreter used i| 00001110 6e 20 74 68 65 20 6c 61 73 74 20 74 77 6f 20 6d |n the last two m| 00001120 6f 64 75 6c 65 73 0d 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 6d 6f |odules.can be mo| 00001130 64 69 66 69 65 64 20 74 6f 20 72 65 61 64 20 61 |dified to read a| 00001140 6e 20 61 72 67 75 6d 65 6e 74 2e 0d 0d 0d 0d 0d |n argument......| 00001150 0d 2e 66 6f 75 6e 64 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |..found. | 00001160 20 53 45 43 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 5c | SEC \| 00001170 20 74 65 72 6d 69 6e 61 74 65 20 77 69 74 68 20 | terminate with | 00001180 52 65 74 75 72 6e 20 6f 72 20 22 0d 20 20 20 20 |Return or ". | 00001190 20 20 20 20 20 4a 53 52 20 26 46 46 43 32 20 20 | JSR &FFC2 | 000011a0 20 20 20 5c 20 69 6e 69 74 69 61 6c 69 73 65 20 | \ initialise | 000011b0 61 72 67 75 6d 65 6e 74 20 77 69 74 68 20 47 73 |argument with Gs| 000011c0 69 6e 69 74 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 42 45 |init. BE| 000011d0 51 20 65 78 69 74 20 20 20 20 20 20 5c 20 62 72 |Q exit \ br| 000011e0 61 6e 63 68 20 69 66 20 6e 75 6c 6c 20 61 72 67 |anch if null arg| 000011f0 75 6d 65 6e 74 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4a |ument. J| 00001200 53 52 20 26 46 46 43 35 20 20 20 20 20 5c 20 72 |SR &FFC5 \ r| 00001210 65 61 64 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 |ead first charac| 00001220 74 65 72 20 77 69 74 68 20 47 73 72 65 61 64 0d |ter with Gsread.| 00001230 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 42 43 53 20 65 78 69 | BCS exi| 00001240 74 20 20 20 20 20 20 5c 20 62 72 61 6e 63 68 20 |t \ branch | 00001250 69 66 20 65 6e 64 20 6f 66 20 61 72 67 75 6d 65 |if end of argume| 00001260 6e 74 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 41 4e 44 20 |nt. AND | 00001270 23 26 44 46 20 20 20 20 20 20 5c 20 66 6f 72 63 |#&DF \ forc| 00001280 65 20 75 70 70 65 72 20 63 61 73 65 0d 20 20 20 |e upper case. | 00001290 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2e 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | .. | 000012a0 20 20 20 2e 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2e | .. .| 000012b0 0d 2e 65 78 69 74 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |..exit. | 000012c0 50 4c 41 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 5c 20 |PLA \ | 000012d0 64 69 73 63 61 72 64 20 59 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 |discard Y. | 000012e0 20 20 20 50 4c 41 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | PLA | 000012f0 20 5c 20 64 69 73 63 61 72 64 20 58 0d 20 20 20 | \ discard X. | 00001300 20 20 20 20 20 20 50 4c 41 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | PLA | 00001310 20 20 20 20 5c 20 64 69 73 63 61 72 64 20 41 0d | \ discard A.| 00001320 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4c 44 41 20 23 30 20 | LDA #0 | 00001330 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 5c 20 73 65 72 76 69 63 65 | \ service| 00001340 20 63 61 6c 6c 20 72 65 63 6f 67 6e 69 73 65 64 | call recognised| 00001350 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 52 54 53 20 20 20 |. RTS | 00001360 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 5c 20 72 65 74 75 72 6e | \ return| 00001370 20 74 6f 20 4d 4f 53 0d 0d 46 69 67 75 72 65 20 | to MOS..Figure | 00001380 35 2e 32 20 55 73 69 6e 67 20 47 73 69 6e 69 74 |5.2 Using Gsinit| 00001390 20 61 6e 64 20 47 73 72 65 61 64 20 74 6f 20 72 | and Gsread to r| 000013a0 65 61 64 20 61 6e 20 61 72 67 75 6d 65 6e 74 2e |ead an argument.| 000013b0 0d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |.---------------| 000013c0 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |----------------| * 000013e0 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0d 0d 0d 0d 20 20 54 |--------..... T| 000013f0 68 65 20 63 61 72 72 79 20 66 6c 61 67 20 69 73 |he carry flag is| 00001400 20 73 65 74 20 62 65 66 6f 72 65 20 63 61 6c 6c | set before call| 00001410 69 6e 67 20 47 73 69 6e 69 74 2e 20 54 68 65 20 |ing Gsinit. The | 00001420 74 65 72 6d 69 6e 61 74 69 6e 67 0d 63 68 61 72 |terminating.char| 00001430 61 63 74 65 72 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 61 72 67 |acter of the arg| 00001440 75 6d 65 6e 74 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 20 61 20 |ument will be a | 00001450 63 61 72 72 69 61 67 65 20 72 65 74 75 72 6e 20 |carriage return | 00001460 6f 72 20 61 20 73 65 63 6f 6e 64 0d 71 75 6f 74 |or a second.quot| 00001470 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 6d 61 72 6b 2e 20 41 66 74 65 |ation mark. Afte| 00001480 72 20 73 65 74 74 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 63 61 |r setting the ca| 00001490 72 72 79 20 66 6c 61 67 20 47 73 69 6e 69 74 20 |rry flag Gsinit | 000014a0 69 73 20 63 61 6c 6c 65 64 20 74 6f 0d 69 6e 69 |is called to.ini| 000014b0 74 69 61 6c 69 73 65 20 74 68 65 20 61 72 67 75 |tialise the argu| 000014c0 6d 65 6e 74 2e 20 49 66 20 74 68 65 20 61 72 67 |ment. If the arg| 000014d0 75 6d 65 6e 74 20 69 73 20 6e 75 6c 6c 20 47 73 |ument is null Gs| 000014e0 69 6e 69 74 20 72 65 74 75 72 6e 73 20 77 69 74 |init returns wit| 000014f0 68 0d 74 68 65 20 7a 65 72 6f 20 66 6c 61 67 20 |h.the zero flag | 00001500 73 65 74 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 |set. This can be| 00001510 20 74 65 73 74 65 64 20 61 6e 64 20 62 72 61 6e | tested and bran| 00001520 63 68 20 74 6f 20 65 78 69 74 20 69 66 20 74 68 |ch to exit if th| 00001530 65 72 65 20 69 73 0d 6e 6f 74 68 69 6e 67 20 74 |ere is.nothing t| 00001540 6f 20 72 65 61 64 2e 20 49 66 20 74 68 65 20 7a |o read. If the z| 00001550 65 72 6f 20 66 6c 61 67 20 69 73 20 63 6c 65 61 |ero flag is clea| 00001560 72 20 74 68 65 72 65 20 69 73 20 61 6e 20 61 72 |r there is an ar| 00001570 67 75 6d 65 6e 74 20 74 6f 20 62 65 0d 72 65 61 |gument to be.rea| 00001580 64 20 62 79 20 63 61 6c 6c 69 6e 67 20 47 73 72 |d by calling Gsr| 00001590 65 61 64 20 66 6f 72 20 65 61 63 68 20 63 68 61 |ead for each cha| 000015a0 72 61 63 74 65 72 2e 20 47 73 72 65 61 64 20 77 |racter. Gsread w| 000015b0 69 6c 6c 20 72 65 74 75 72 6e 20 77 69 74 68 20 |ill return with | 000015c0 74 68 65 0d 63 61 72 72 79 20 66 6c 61 67 20 73 |the.carry flag s| 000015d0 65 74 20 77 68 65 6e 20 74 68 65 20 74 65 72 6d |et when the term| 000015e0 69 6e 61 74 69 6e 67 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 |inating characte| 000015f0 72 20 69 73 20 72 65 61 64 20 61 6e 64 20 61 6e |r is read and an| 00001600 0d 61 70 70 72 6f 70 72 69 61 74 65 20 62 72 61 |.appropriate bra| 00001610 6e 63 68 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 6d 61 64 65 20 |nch can be made | 00001620 61 66 74 65 72 20 74 65 73 74 69 6e 67 20 74 68 |after testing th| 00001630 65 20 63 61 72 72 79 20 66 6c 61 67 2e 0d 0d 20 |e carry flag... | 00001640 20 54 68 69 73 20 6d 65 74 68 6f 64 20 6f 66 20 | This method of | 00001650 72 65 61 64 69 6e 67 20 61 6e 20 61 72 67 75 6d |reading an argum| 00001660 65 6e 74 20 68 61 73 20 62 65 65 6e 20 75 73 65 |ent has been use| 00001670 64 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6e |d in the progran| 00001680 0d 43 55 52 53 4f 52 2e 20 57 68 65 6e 20 74 68 |.CURSOR. When th| 00001690 65 20 69 6e 74 65 72 70 72 65 74 65 72 20 28 6c |e interpreter (l| 000016a0 69 6e 65 73 20 32 38 30 2d 35 34 30 29 20 72 65 |ines 280-540) re| 000016b0 63 6f 67 6e 69 73 65 73 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f 6d |cognises the com| 000016c0 6d 61 6e 64 0d 2a 43 55 52 53 4f 52 20 69 74 20 |mand.*CURSOR it | 000016d0 70 61 73 73 65 73 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c 20 74 |passes control t| 000016e0 6f 20 74 68 65 20 6c 61 62 65 6c 20 22 2e 66 6f |o the label ".fo| 000016f0 75 6e 64 22 20 28 6c 69 6e 65 20 35 35 30 29 2e |und" (line 550).| 00001700 20 54 68 65 0d 61 72 67 75 6d 65 6e 74 20 69 73 | The.argument is| 00001710 20 69 6e 69 74 69 61 6c 69 73 65 64 20 28 6c 69 | initialised (li| 00001720 6e 65 73 20 35 36 30 2d 35 37 30 29 20 61 6e 64 |nes 560-570) and| 00001730 20 74 68 65 20 61 72 67 75 6d 65 6e 74 20 69 73 | the argument is| 00001740 20 74 65 73 74 65 64 0d 28 6c 69 6e 65 20 35 38 | tested.(line 58| 00001750 30 29 2e 20 49 66 20 61 20 6e 75 6c 6c 20 61 72 |0). 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If you type | 00001a70 2a 43 55 52 53 4f 52 20 4f 46 46 20 61 6e 64 20 |*CURSOR OFF and | 00001a80 70 72 65 73 73 0d 52 65 74 75 72 6e 20 74 68 65 |press.Return the| 00001a90 20 63 75 72 73 6f 72 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 67 6f 20 | cursor will go | 00001aa0 6f 66 66 20 61 73 20 65 78 70 65 63 74 65 64 2e |off as expected.| 00001ab0 20 54 79 70 65 20 2a 43 55 52 53 4f 52 20 4f 4e | Type *CURSOR ON| 00001ac0 20 61 6e 64 20 69 74 20 77 69 6c 6c 0d 63 6f 6d | and it will.com| 00001ad0 65 20 62 61 63 6b 20 6f 6e 2e 20 45 76 65 72 79 |e back on. Every| 00001ae0 74 68 69 6e 67 20 73 65 65 6d 73 20 4f 4b 2e 20 |thing seems OK. | 00001af0 54 79 70 65 20 2a 43 55 52 53 4f 52 20 4f 46 46 |Type *CURSOR OFF| 00001b00 20 61 6e 64 20 52 65 74 75 72 6e 20 61 6e 64 0d | and Return and.| 00001b10 74 68 65 6e 20 74 79 70 65 20 2a 43 55 52 53 4f |then type *CURSO| 00001b20 52 20 61 6e 64 20 52 65 74 75 72 6e 2e 20 54 68 |R and Return. Th| 00001b30 65 20 63 75 72 73 6f 72 20 73 74 61 79 73 20 6f |e cursor stays o| 00001b40 66 66 20 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 79 6f 75 20 68 |ff because you h| 00001b50 61 76 65 0d 6e 6f 74 20 74 79 70 65 64 20 61 6e |ave.not typed an| 00001b60 20 61 72 67 75 6d 65 6e 74 2e 20 45 76 65 72 79 | argument. Every| 00001b70 74 68 69 6e 67 20 69 73 20 73 74 69 6c 6c 20 4f |thing is still O| 00001b80 4b 2e 20 4e 6f 77 20 75 73 65 20 74 68 65 20 63 |K. Now use the c| 00001b90 75 72 73 6f 72 20 6b 65 79 73 0d 74 6f 20 63 6f |ursor keys.to co| 00001ba0 70 79 20 74 68 65 20 2a 43 55 52 53 4f 52 20 63 |py the *CURSOR c| 00001bb0 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 20 77 69 74 68 6f 75 74 20 61 |ommand without a| 00001bc0 6e 20 61 72 67 75 6d 65 6e 74 20 61 6e 64 20 70 |n argument and p| 00001bd0 72 65 73 73 20 52 65 74 75 72 6e 2e 20 54 68 65 |ress Return. The| 00001be0 0d 63 75 72 73 6f 72 20 63 6f 6d 65 73 20 62 61 |.cursor comes ba| 00001bf0 63 6b 20 6f 6e 20 77 68 65 6e 20 69 74 20 73 68 |ck on when it sh| 00001c00 6f 75 6c 64 20 68 61 76 65 20 73 74 61 79 65 64 |ould have stayed| 00001c10 20 6f 66 66 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 | off. This will | 00001c20 68 61 70 70 65 6e 0d 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 79 |happen.because y| 00001c30 6f 75 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 72 65 2d 65 6e 61 62 6c |ou will re-enabl| 00001c40 65 20 74 68 65 20 63 75 72 73 6f 72 20 77 69 74 |e the cursor wit| 00001c50 68 20 74 68 65 20 63 75 72 73 6f 72 20 6b 65 79 |h the cursor key| 00001c60 73 2e 20 54 68 65 72 65 20 69 73 0d 6e 6f 74 68 |s. There is.noth| 00001c70 69 6e 67 20 77 72 6f 6e 67 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 |ing wrong with t| 00001c80 68 65 20 61 72 67 75 6d 65 6e 74 20 72 65 61 64 |he argument read| 00001c90 69 6e 67 20 74 65 63 68 6e 69 71 75 65 20 64 65 |ing technique de| 00001ca0 6d 6f 6e 73 74 72 61 74 65 64 20 69 6e 20 74 68 |monstrated in th| 00001cb0 65 0d 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 2e 0d 0d 0d 0d 0d 0d |e.program.......| 00001cc0 20 20 20 31 30 20 52 45 4d 3a 20 43 55 52 53 4f | 10 REM: CURSO| 00001cd0 52 0d 20 20 20 32 30 20 4d 4f 44 45 37 0d 20 20 |R. 20 MODE7. | 00001ce0 20 33 30 20 48 49 4d 45 4d 3d 26 33 43 30 30 0d | 30 HIMEM=&3C00.| 00001cf0 20 20 20 34 30 20 44 49 4d 20 73 61 76 65 20 35 | 40 DIM save 5| 00001d00 30 0d 20 20 20 35 30 20 64 69 66 66 3d 26 38 30 |0. 50 diff=&80| 00001d10 30 30 2d 48 49 4d 45 4d 0d 20 20 20 36 30 20 63 |00-HIMEM. 60 c| 00001d20 6f 6d 76 65 63 3d 26 46 32 0d 20 20 20 37 30 20 |omvec=&F2. 70 | 00001d30 67 73 69 6e 69 74 3d 26 46 46 43 32 0d 20 20 20 |gsinit=&FFC2. | 00001d40 38 30 20 67 73 72 65 61 64 3d 26 46 46 43 35 0d |80 gsread=&FFC5.| 00001d50 20 20 20 39 30 20 6f 73 61 73 63 69 3d 26 46 46 | 90 osasci=&FF| 00001d60 45 33 0d 20 20 31 30 30 20 6f 73 63 6c 69 3d 26 |E3. 100 oscli=&| 00001d70 46 46 46 37 0d 20 20 31 31 30 20 46 4f 52 20 70 |FFF7. 110 FOR p| 00001d80 61 73 73 20 3d 20 30 20 54 4f 20 32 20 53 54 45 |ass = 0 TO 2 STE| 00001d90 50 20 32 0d 20 20 31 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |P 2. 1.........| 00001da0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 00002130 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 41 58 0d 20 20 35 33 30 |........AX. 530| 00002140 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 50 4c 41 0d 20 20 35 | PLA. 5| 00002150 34 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 52 54 53 0d 20 |40 RTS. | 00002160 20 35 35 30 20 2e 66 6f 75 6e 64 0d 20 20 35 36 | 550 .found. 56| 00002170 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 53 45 43 20 20 20 |0 SEC | 00002180 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 5c 20 54 65 72 6d 69 6e | \ Termin| 00002190 61 74 65 20 77 69 74 68 20 52 65 74 75 72 6e 20 |ate with Return | 000021a0 6f 72 20 22 0d 20 20 35 37 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 |or ". 570 | 000021b0 20 20 20 4a 53 52 20 67 73 69 6e 69 74 0d 20 20 | JSR gsinit. | 000021c0 35 38 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 42 45 51 20 |580 BEQ | 000021d0 65 78 69 74 20 20 20 20 20 20 5c 20 42 72 61 6e |exit \ Bran| 000021e0 63 68 20 69 66 20 6e 75 6c 6c 20 61 72 67 75 6d |ch if null argum| 000021f0 65 6e 74 0d 20 20 35 39 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ent. 590 | 00002200 20 20 49 4e 59 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | INY | 00002210 5c 20 46 69 72 73 74 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 |\ First characte| 00002220 72 20 6d 75 73 74 20 62 65 20 22 4f 22 0d 20 20 |r must be "O". | 00002230 36 30 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4a 53 52 20 |600 JSR | 00002240 67 73 72 65 61 64 20 20 20 20 5c 20 53 65 63 6f |gsread \ Seco| 00002250 6e 64 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 72 20 22 46 22 |nd character "F"| 00002260 20 6f 72 20 22 4e 22 0d 20 20 36 31 30 20 20 20 | or "N". 610 | 00002270 20 20 20 20 20 20 42 43 53 20 65 78 69 74 20 20 | BCS exit | 00002280 20 20 20 20 5c 20 42 72 61 6e 63 68 20 69 66 20 | \ Branch if | 00002290 65 6e 64 20 6f 66 20 61 72 67 75 6d 65 6e 74 0d |end of argument.| 000022a0 20 20 36 32 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 41 4e | 620 AN| 000022b0 44 20 23 26 44 46 20 20 20 20 20 20 5c 20 55 70 |D #&DF \ Up| 000022c0 70 65 72 20 63 61 73 65 0d 20 20 36 33 30 20 20 |per case. 630 | 000022d0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 43 4d 50 20 23 41 53 43 28 | CMP #ASC(| 000022e0 22 46 22 29 0d 20 20 36 34 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 |"F"). 640 | 000022f0 20 20 20 42 45 51 20 63 75 72 73 6f 72 6f 66 66 | BEQ cursoroff| 00002300 0d 20 20 36 35 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 43 |. 650 C| 00002310 4d 50 20 23 41 53 43 28 22 4e 22 29 0d 20 20 36 |MP #ASC("N"). 6| 00002320 36 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 42 4e 45 20 65 |60 BNE e| 00002330 78 69 74 0d 20 20 36 37 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |xit. 670 | 00002340 20 20 53 45 43 0d 20 20 36 38 30 20 20 20 20 20 | SEC. 680 | 00002350 20 20 20 20 42 43 53 20 63 75 72 73 6f 72 0d 20 | BCS cursor. | 00002360 20 36 39 30 20 2e 63 75 72 73 6f 72 6f 66 66 0d | 690 .cursoroff.| 00002370 20 20 37 30 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 43 4c | 700 CL| 00002380 43 0d 20 20 37 31 30 20 2e 63 75 72 73 6f 72 0d |C. 710 .cursor.| 00002390 20 20 37 32 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 50 48 | 720 PH| 000023a0 50 0d 20 20 37 33 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |P. 730 | 000023b0 4c 44 41 20 23 32 33 0d 20 20 37 34 30 20 20 20 |LDA #23. 740 | 000023c0 20 20 20 20 20 20 4a 53 52 20 6f 73 61 73 63 69 | JSR osasci| 000023d0 0d 20 20 37 35 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4c |. 750 L| 000023e0 44 41 20 23 31 0d 20 20 37 36 30 20 20 20 20 20 |DA #1. 760 | 000023f0 20 20 20 20 4a 53 52 20 6f 73 61 73 63 69 0d 20 | JSR osasci. | 00002400 20 37 37 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 50 4c 41 | 770 PLA| 00002410 0d 20 20 37 38 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 41 |. 780 A| 00002420 4e 44 20 23 31 0d 20 20 37 39 30 20 20 20 20 20 |ND #1. 790 | 00002430 20 20 20 20 4a 53 52 20 6f 73 61 73 63 69 0d 20 | JSR osasci. | 00002440 20 38 30 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4c 44 41 | 800 LDA| 00002450 20 23 30 0d 20 20 38 31 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | #0. 810 | 00002460 20 20 4c 44 58 20 23 37 0d 20 20 38 32 30 20 2e | LDX #7. 820 .| 00002470 63 75 72 73 6f 72 6c 6f 6f 70 0d 20 20 38 33 30 |cursorloop. 830| 00002480 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4a 53 52 20 6f 73 61 | JSR osa| 00002490 73 63 69 0d 20 20 38 34 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |sci. 840 | 000024a0 20 20 44 45 58 0d 20 20 38 35 30 20 20 20 20 20 | DEX. 850 | 000024b0 20 20 20 20 42 4e 45 20 63 75 72 73 6f 72 6c 6f | BNE cursorlo| 000024c0 6f 70 0d 20 20 38 36 30 20 2e 65 78 69 74 0d 20 |op. 860 .exit. | 000024d0 20 38 37 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 50 4c 41 | 870 PLA| 000024e0 0d 20 20 38 38 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 50 |. 880 P| 000024f0 4c 41 0d 20 20 38 39 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |LA. 890 | 00002500 20 50 4c 41 0d 20 20 39 30 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 | PLA. 900 | 00002510 20 20 20 4c 44 41 20 23 30 0d 20 20 39 31 30 20 | LDA #0. 910 | 00002520 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 52 54 53 0d 20 20 39 32 | RTS. 92| 00002530 30 20 2e 6c 61 73 74 62 79 74 65 0d 20 20 39 33 |0 .lastbyte. 93| 00002540 30 20 5d 0d 20 20 39 34 30 20 4e 45 58 54 0d 20 |0 ]. 940 NEXT. | 00002550 20 39 35 30 20 49 4e 50 55 54 27 22 53 61 76 65 | 950 INPUT'"Save| 00002560 20 66 69 6c 65 6e 61 6d 65 20 3d 20 22 66 69 6c | filename = "fil| 00002570 65 6e 61 6d 65 24 0d 20 20 39 36 30 20 49 46 20 |ename$. 960 IF | 00002580 66 69 6c 65 6e 61 6d 65 24 3d 22 22 20 45 4e 44 |filename$="" END| 00002590 0d 20 20 39 37 30 20 24 73 61 76 65 3d 22 53 41 |. 970 $save="SA| 000025a0 56 45 20 22 2b 66 69 6c 65 6e 61 6d 65 24 2b 22 |VE "+filename$+"| 000025b0 20 22 2b 53 54 52 24 7e 28 48 49 4d 45 4d 29 2b | "+STR$~(HIMEM)+| 000025c0 22 20 22 2b 53 54 52 24 7e 28 6c 61 73 0d 20 20 |" "+STR$~(las. | 000025d0 20 20 20 20 74 62 79 74 65 29 2b 22 20 46 46 46 | tbyte)+" FFF| 000025e0 46 38 30 30 30 20 46 46 46 46 38 30 30 30 22 0d |F8000 FFFF8000".| 000025f0 20 20 39 38 30 20 58 25 3d 73 61 76 65 20 4d 4f | 980 X%=save MO| 00002600 44 20 32 35 36 0d 20 20 39 39 30 20 59 25 3d 73 |D 256. 990 Y%=s| 00002610 61 76 65 20 44 49 56 20 32 35 36 0d 20 31 30 30 |ave DIV 256. 100| 00002620 30 20 2a 4f 50 54 31 2c 32 0d 20 31 30 31 30 20 |0 *OPT1,2. 1010 | 00002630 43 41 4c 4c 20 6f 73 63 6c 69 0d 20 31 30 32 30 |CALL oscli. 1020| 00002640 20 2a 4f 50 54 31 2c 30 0d 20 31 30 33 30 20 45 | *OPT1,0. 1030 E| 00002650 4e 44 0d 20 31 30 34 30 20 44 45 46 46 4e 65 71 |ND. 1040 DEFFNeq| 00002660 75 62 28 62 79 74 65 29 0d 20 31 30 35 30 20 3f |ub(byte). 1050 ?| 00002670 50 25 3d 62 79 74 65 0d 20 31 30 36 30 20 50 25 |P%=byte. 1060 P%| 00002680 3d 50 25 2b 31 0d 20 31 30 37 30 20 3d 70 61 73 |=P%+1. 1070 =pas| 00002690 73 0d 20 31 30 38 30 20 44 45 46 46 4e 65 71 75 |s. 1080 DEFFNequ| 000026a0 77 28 77 6f 72 64 29 0d 20 31 30 39 30 20 3f 50 |w(word). 1090 ?P| 000026b0 25 3d 77 6f 72 64 20 4d 4f 44 20 32 35 36 0d 20 |%=word MOD 256. | 000026c0 31 31 30 30 20 50 25 3f 31 3d 77 6f 72 64 20 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