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!AWApr95/Goodies/FracPaint/!FracPaint/Docs/Introduct

This website contains an archive of files for the Acorn Electron, BBC Micro, Acorn Archimedes, Commodore 16 and Commodore 64 computers, which Dominic Ford has rescued from his private collection of floppy disks and cassettes.

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File contents
FracPaint is a powerful and flexible multi-tasking application to generate
fractal images. With FracPaint, more than thousand fractal formulas can be
used, together with a large number of parameters, to create an unlimited
number of images. Furthermore, colour maps can be used, to change the
appearance of an image.

Below, some basic principles of fractals and FracPaint will be explained.



Fractals
--------
FracPaint plots images of 'objects' (actually, sets of mathematical points)
that have fractal dimension. These objects are generated by relatively
simple calculations repeated over and over, feeding the results of each
step back into the next. FracPaint contains a lot of different formulas,
such as Mandelbrot and Lambda.

The objects with fractal dimension (known as fractals) are infinitely
complex; they reveal more and more detail without limit as you plot smaller
and smaller areas. FracPaint lets you 'zoom in' by dragging a rectangular
area at the image.

All image points which make the fractal object are known as 'inside'. All
other points are the 'outside'. The border between inside and outside gives
the most interesting images. FracPaint contains a number of methods to plot
inside and outside points.

Fractal images can be astonishingly beautiful, especially using screen
modes with lots of colours (256 colours in mode 15 or 28, or even more
colours with the new 15bpp or 24bpp RiscPC modes or a graphics enhancer
card). In addition, the image can be 'animated' by quickly shifting the
colour assignments (colour cycling). All colours within FracPaint are 24
bits.



Start up FracPaint
------------------
Double-click on the !FracPaint icon. FracPaint will install itself on the
icon bar. Click on the iconbar icon of FracPaint to create a new image
window. Sixteen of these image windows can be opened at the same time.

Click Menu on the iconbar icon to pop-up the main menu. Besides the usual
info and quit options, a dialogue box with speed information and a dialog
box with preferences can be opened.



Using FracPaint
---------------
All options of FracPaint can be changed through persistent dialogue boxes
(they will stay on the screen after a change). In this way, the effect of
an option can be determined very easily.

In all dialogue boxes the familiar RiscOS interface is used, like buttons
and writable fields. In addition FracPaint uses tab sheets. This is a new
component to make dialogue boxes more usable. For example, the Fractal and
Options dialogue boxes use these tab sheets. A tab sheet is a part of the
dialogue box with a corresponding label and name. A tab sheet can be
activated by clicking on the tab sheet label.



Zoom in
-------
Create a new image window by clicking on the FracPaint iconbar icon. Now
press the Select button at a corner of the zoom-box and move the mouse to
the opposite corner of the zoom-box. The zoom-box will be inverted on the
image. Release the mouse button, to start the calculation of the area
given by the zoom-box at full image size. Pressing Shift while dragging
the zoom-box will move the current zoom-box.



Mandel/Julia variant
--------------------
Most fractal formulas have two variants, the Mandel and Julia variants. The
Mandel variant uses a point of the image as c value in the formula with z0
as perturbation, and the Julia variant will use these variables the other
way round. So the Mandel and Julia variant use the same formula, but with
other start values. FracPaint will call these two formulas sisters.

To switch between the Mandel and Julia variant in FracPaint, click with
Adjust at an image window. The position will be used as perturbation values
if switched to the Julia variant. With Shift-adjust or with the menu option
Edit==>Sister, a new window will be created with the sister formula.



Fractal formulas
----------------
FracPaint contains a system of combined fractal formulas. This means that
the actual formula used to generate the image is constructed from a number
of different parts.

To change the current formula, open the fractal dialogue box with the menu
option Settings==>Fractal and select the Formula tab sheet. This tab sheet
contains the names of the current formula parts, together with a
description of the formula. Use the pop-up menu buttons beside the part
names to change the fractal formula.

In the description of the formula, the variable z is the calculated
variable. The variable pixel contains the values of the current point of
the image. The variables perturbation, fudge and bailout can be changed
using the Parameters tab sheet.



Load and save files
-------------------
FracPaint has it's own file type FracPars (&045) to load and store fractal
images. A FracPars file contains all parameters necessary to create the
fractal image (including it's colour map).

To save the image as a FracPars file, choose the menu option File=>Save. An
image can also be saved as a sprite file (sub-menu File=>Export). The
sprite file can be a mode 28 sprite with a 256 colour palette, or one of
the new Acorn 15 or 24-bits sprite formats.

To load a FracPars file, drag the file to the FracPaint iconbar icon. The
image will be generated in a new image window.



Undo/Redo
---------
Every zoom, parameter change and option change will be stored in an undo
buffer. Use the menu option Edit==>Undo, to go back one step (a maximum of
30 steps can be stored in the buffer). Use the menu option Edit==>Redo to
go forward one step.



Colour maps
-----------
A colour map is a file which defines 256 colours in a 24 bits format.
FracPaint uses colour maps to display the colours of a fractal image. For
example, a black-and-white colour map can be used for monochrome pictures
or a blue colour map can be used for a special effect.

To change the current colour map of an image, open the colour map dialogue
box with the menu option Settings==>Colour map.

The list of colour maps (in the pop-up menu of the colour map dialogue box)
will be build from the colour maps found in the path ColourMap$Path. Drag a
directory with colour maps to the colour map dialogue box, to add these
colour maps to the path and to the colour map list (with Shift-drag the
directory can be removed from the path). Another method to change the
colour map of an image is to drag a colour map file to an image window.

In the colour map dialogue box the offset of the inside and the outside can
also be changed. The offset is the colour of the colour map that will be
treated as colour 0.

Registered versions of FracPaint have also an Edit button, to see or change
the given colour map. The current colour map will be transported to a
colour map editor, from which it can be edited. Then, the colour map can be
saved to the image window again, to change the used colour map.



Colour cycling
--------------
With colour cycling, the image can be 'animated', by shifting all colours
of the colour map. Both the direction and speed of the colour cycling can
be set.

The colour cycle control window can be opened with the menu option
Utilities==>Colour cycle. This window has buttons to control the direction
and other colour cycle options. The step field controls the colour cycle
step size. Set this value to 2 with striped colour maps. Use the create
option, to create new colours (with the given number of shades) while
colour cycling. This will given very good results in 24bpp modes (and with
a large number of shades, say 16).

A processor with cache (ARM3 or later) and fast memory will give better
results with colour cycling.

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00001b90  65 73 3d 3d 3e 43 6f 6c  6f 75 72 20 63 79 63 6c  |es==>Colour cycl|
00001ba0  65 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20  77 69 6e 64 6f 77 20 68  |e. This window h|
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00001bf0  6e 73 2e 20 54 68 65 20  73 74 65 70 20 66 69 65  |ns. The step fie|
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00001c30  20 76 61 6c 75 65 20 74  6f 20 32 20 77 69 74 68  | value to 2 with|
00001c40  20 73 74 72 69 70 65 64  20 63 6f 6c 6f 75 72 20  | striped colour |
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00001ca0  64 65 73 29 20 77 68 69  6c 65 0a 63 6f 6c 6f 75  |des) while.colou|
00001cb0  72 20 63 79 63 6c 69 6e  67 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20  |r cycling. This |
00001cc0  77 69 6c 6c 20 67 69 76  65 6e 20 76 65 72 79 20  |will given very |
00001cd0  67 6f 6f 64 20 72 65 73  75 6c 74 73 20 69 6e 20  |good results in |
00001ce0  32 34 62 70 70 20 6d 6f  64 65 73 20 28 61 6e 64  |24bpp modes (and|
00001cf0  20 77 69 74 68 0a 61 20  6c 61 72 67 65 20 6e 75  | with.a large nu|
00001d00  6d 62 65 72 20 6f 66 20  73 68 61 64 65 73 2c 20  |mber of shades, |
00001d10  73 61 79 20 31 36 29 2e  0a 0a 41 20 70 72 6f 63  |say 16)...A proc|
00001d20  65 73 73 6f 72 20 77 69  74 68 20 63 61 63 68 65  |essor with cache|
00001d30  20 28 41 52 4d 33 20 6f  72 20 6c 61 74 65 72 29  | (ARM3 or later)|
00001d40  20 61 6e 64 20 66 61 73  74 20 6d 65 6d 6f 72 79  | and fast memory|
00001d50  20 77 69 6c 6c 20 67 69  76 65 20 62 65 74 74 65  | will give bette|
00001d60  72 0a 72 65 73 75 6c 74  73 20 77 69 74 68 20 63  |r.results with c|
00001d70  6f 6c 6f 75 72 20 63 79  63 6c 69 6e 67 2e 0a     |olour cycling..|
00001d7f

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