Home » Archimedes archive » Acorn User » AU 1996-Xmas.adf » Regulars » StarInfo/Rawle/!Elements/Text/Hydrogen
StarInfo/Rawle/!Elements/Text/Hydrogen
This website contains an archive of files for the Acorn Electron, BBC Micro, Acorn Archimedes, Commodore 16 and Commodore 64 computers, which Dominic Ford has rescued from his private collection of floppy disks and cassettes.
Some of these files were originally commercial releases in the 1980s and 1990s, but they are now widely available online. I assume that copyright over them is no longer being asserted. If you own the copyright and would like files to be removed, please contact me.
| Tape/disk: | Home » Archimedes archive » Acorn User » AU 1996-Xmas.adf » Regulars |
| Filename: | StarInfo/Rawle/!Elements/Text/Hydrogen |
| Read OK: | ✔ |
| File size: | 0423 bytes |
| Load address: | 0000 |
| Exec address: | 0000 |
File contents
Hydrogen is the lightest of all the elements, and is the most abundant in the universe, where it accounts for 93% of the total number or atoms and 76% of the total mass. Hydrogen is contained in most stars, including the sun, where it is continually being converted into helium by the process of nuclear fusion, producing heat and light. Under high pressures, it can become a solid with metallic properties. On Earth, hydrogen occurs mainly with oxygen as water. Hydrogen is used in the production of margarines, in welding, and in rocket fuel. Hydrogen is a reducing agent, burns in air with a light blue flame and, when heated, reacts�with many other substances. Deuterium - An isotope of hydrogen containing a neutron as well as a proton in the nucleus. It accounts for 0.016% of natural hydrogen. Water consisting of deuterium and oxygen is called deuterium oxide or heavy water, and is used in nuclear reactors. Tritium - An isotope of hydrogen with one proton and two neutrons. It rarely occurs naturally and is radioactive, emitting beta particles.
00000000 48 79 64 72 6f 67 65 6e 20 69 73 20 74 68 65 20 |Hydrogen is the | 00000010 6c 69 67 68 74 65 73 74 20 6f 66 20 61 6c 6c 20 |lightest of all | 00000020 74 68 65 20 65 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 73 2c 20 61 6e |the elements, an| 00000030 64 20 69 73 20 74 68 65 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 61 62 |d is the most ab| 00000040 75 6e 64 61 6e 74 20 69 6e 0a 74 68 65 20 75 6e |undant in.the un| 00000050 69 76 65 72 73 65 2c 20 77 68 65 72 65 20 69 74 |iverse, where it| 00000060 20 61 63 63 6f 75 6e 74 73 20 66 6f 72 20 39 33 | accounts for 93| 00000070 25 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 74 6f 74 61 6c 20 6e |% of the total n| 00000080 75 6d 62 65 72 20 6f 72 20 61 74 6f 6d 73 20 61 |umber or atoms a| 00000090 6e 64 20 37 36 25 0a 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 74 6f |nd 76%.of the to| 000000a0 74 61 6c 20 6d 61 73 73 2e 20 48 79 64 72 6f 67 |tal mass. Hydrog| 000000b0 65 6e 20 69 73 20 63 6f 6e 74 61 69 6e 65 64 20 |en is contained | 000000c0 69 6e 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 73 74 61 72 73 2c 20 69 |in most stars, i| 000000d0 6e 63 6c 75 64 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 73 75 6e |ncluding the sun| 000000e0 2c 0a 77 68 65 72 65 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 63 6f |,.where it is co| 000000f0 6e 74 69 6e 75 61 6c 6c 79 20 62 65 69 6e 67 20 |ntinually being | 00000100 63 6f 6e 76 65 72 74 65 64 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 68 |converted into h| 00000110 65 6c 69 75 6d 20 62 79 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 6f |elium by the pro| 00000120 63 65 73 73 20 6f 66 0a 6e 75 63 6c 65 61 72 20 |cess of.nuclear | 00000130 66 75 73 69 6f 6e 2c 20 70 72 6f 64 75 63 69 6e |fusion, producin| 00000140 67 20 68 65 61 74 20 61 6e 64 20 6c 69 67 68 74 |g heat and light| 00000150 2e 20 55 6e 64 65 72 20 68 69 67 68 20 70 72 65 |. Under high pre| 00000160 73 73 75 72 65 73 2c 20 69 74 20 63 61 6e 0a 62 |ssures, it can.b| 00000170 65 63 6f 6d 65 20 61 20 73 6f 6c 69 64 20 77 69 |ecome a solid wi| 00000180 74 68 20 6d 65 74 61 6c 6c 69 63 20 70 72 6f 70 |th metallic prop| 00000190 65 72 74 69 65 73 2e 0a 4f 6e 20 45 61 72 74 68 |erties..On Earth| 000001a0 2c 20 68 79 64 72 6f 67 65 6e 20 6f 63 63 75 72 |, hydrogen occur| 000001b0 73 20 6d 61 69 6e 6c 79 20 77 69 74 68 20 6f 78 |s mainly with ox| 000001c0 79 67 65 6e 20 61 73 20 77 61 74 65 72 2e 20 48 |ygen as water. H| 000001d0 79 64 72 6f 67 65 6e 20 69 73 20 75 73 65 64 20 |ydrogen is used | 000001e0 69 6e 0a 74 68 65 20 70 72 6f 64 75 63 74 69 6f |in.the productio| 000001f0 6e 20 6f 66 20 6d 61 72 67 61 72 69 6e 65 73 2c |n of margarines,| 00000200 20 69 6e 20 77 65 6c 64 69 6e 67 2c 20 61 6e 64 | in welding, and| 00000210 20 69 6e 20 72 6f 63 6b 65 74 20 66 75 65 6c 2e | in rocket fuel.| 00000220 0a 48 79 64 72 6f 67 65 6e 20 69 73 20 61 20 72 |.Hydrogen is a r| 00000230 65 64 75 63 69 6e 67 20 61 67 65 6e 74 2c 20 62 |educing agent, b| 00000240 75 72 6e 73 20 69 6e 20 61 69 72 20 77 69 74 68 |urns in air with| 00000250 20 61 20 6c 69 67 68 74 20 62 6c 75 65 20 66 6c | a light blue fl| 00000260 61 6d 65 20 61 6e 64 2c 20 77 68 65 6e 0a 68 65 |ame and, when.he| 00000270 61 74 65 64 2c 20 72 65 61 63 74 73 a0 77 69 74 |ated, reacts.wit| 00000280 68 20 6d 61 6e 79 20 6f 74 68 65 72 20 73 75 62 |h many other sub| 00000290 73 74 61 6e 63 65 73 2e 0a 0a 0a 44 65 75 74 65 |stances....Deute| 000002a0 72 69 75 6d 20 2d 20 41 6e 20 69 73 6f 74 6f 70 |rium - An isotop| 000002b0 65 20 6f 66 20 68 79 64 72 6f 67 65 6e 20 63 6f |e of hydrogen co| 000002c0 6e 74 61 69 6e 69 6e 67 20 61 20 6e 65 75 74 72 |ntaining a neutr| 000002d0 6f 6e 20 61 73 20 77 65 6c 6c 20 61 73 20 61 20 |on as well as a | 000002e0 70 72 6f 74 6f 6e 0a 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 6e 75 |proton.in the nu| 000002f0 63 6c 65 75 73 2e 20 49 74 20 61 63 63 6f 75 6e |cleus. It accoun| 00000300 74 73 20 66 6f 72 20 30 2e 30 31 36 25 20 6f 66 |ts for 0.016% of| 00000310 20 6e 61 74 75 72 61 6c 20 68 79 64 72 6f 67 65 | natural hydroge| 00000320 6e 2e 20 57 61 74 65 72 0a 63 6f 6e 73 69 73 74 |n. Water.consist| 00000330 69 6e 67 20 6f 66 20 64 65 75 74 65 72 69 75 6d |ing of deuterium| 00000340 20 61 6e 64 20 6f 78 79 67 65 6e 20 69 73 20 63 | and oxygen is c| 00000350 61 6c 6c 65 64 20 64 65 75 74 65 72 69 75 6d 20 |alled deuterium | 00000360 6f 78 69 64 65 20 6f 72 20 68 65 61 76 79 20 77 |oxide or heavy w| 00000370 61 74 65 72 2c 0a 61 6e 64 20 69 73 20 75 73 65 |ater,.and is use| 00000380 64 20 69 6e 20 6e 75 63 6c 65 61 72 20 72 65 61 |d in nuclear rea| 00000390 63 74 6f 72 73 2e 0a 0a 54 72 69 74 69 75 6d 20 |ctors...Tritium | 000003a0 2d 20 41 6e 20 69 73 6f 74 6f 70 65 20 6f 66 20 |- An isotope of | 000003b0 68 79 64 72 6f 67 65 6e 20 77 69 74 68 20 6f 6e |hydrogen with on| 000003c0 65 20 70 72 6f 74 6f 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 74 77 6f |e proton and two| 000003d0 20 6e 65 75 74 72 6f 6e 73 2e 20 49 74 20 72 61 | neutrons. It ra| 000003e0 72 65 6c 79 0a 6f 63 63 75 72 73 20 6e 61 74 75 |rely.occurs natu| 000003f0 72 61 6c 6c 79 20 61 6e 64 20 69 73 20 72 61 64 |rally and is rad| 00000400 69 6f 61 63 74 69 76 65 2c 20 65 6d 69 74 74 69 |ioactive, emitti| 00000410 6e 67 20 62 65 74 61 20 70 61 72 74 69 63 6c 65 |ng beta particle| 00000420 73 2e 0a |s..| 00000423
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