Home » Archimedes archive » Acorn User » AU 1995-12 B.adf » Regulars » StarInfo/Markwick/!Mangle/!Help
StarInfo/Markwick/!Mangle/!Help
This website contains an archive of files for the Acorn Electron, BBC Micro, Acorn Archimedes, Commodore 16 and Commodore 64 computers, which Dominic Ford has rescued from his private collection of floppy disks and cassettes.
Some of these files were originally commercial releases in the 1980s and 1990s, but they are now widely available online. I assume that copyright over them is no longer being asserted. If you own the copyright and would like files to be removed, please contact me.
| Tape/disk: | Home » Archimedes archive » Acorn User » AU 1995-12 B.adf » Regulars |
| Filename: | StarInfo/Markwick/!Mangle/!Help |
| Read OK: | ✔ |
| File size: | 1E24 bytes |
| Load address: | 0000 |
| Exec address: | 0000 |
File contents
***********************************************
* *
* Program (C) Andrew J Markwick 1994. *
* Musical entertainment by Bryan Adams. *
* *
***********************************************
* You'll find this file easier to read *
* if you put your monitor in Mode 16 *
* and make it a full size !Edit window! *
***********************************************
Overview of application '!Mangle'
--------------------------------
'!Mangle' is a conversion program. Not just an ordinary run-of-the-mill conversion program though, because you can add your own conversions to its (already) large repertoire.
A Little Tutorial
-----------------
To use '!Mangle' in its simplest form;
i. enter a number in the 'Input' box,
ii. and another in the 'Rate' box, then
iii. click on the 'Calculate �' button.
A number will appear in the 'Output' box.
All the program has done is work out (input box) * (rate box). This is very simple, but very useful.
Now;
i. delete whatever you had in the 'Input' box so that it's blank, but the other two are not, and
ii. click on the 'Calculate �' button.
The program will put your original number back in the 'Input' box!
All it has done this time is work out (output box) / (rate box). This is also very simple.
What's the point?
Well, it means that whatever conversion you perform you can do backwards as well. Sort of 'two for the price of one.'
Presets
-------
The program has 98 'built in' or 'preset' conversions, in categories of length, area, volume, capacity, angle, time, mass,
velocity, and energy at present. You cannot delete these, but you can add any number of your own!
All the entries can be cycled through by clicking on the 'title' icon, the one which at the start says 'Default'. Left button is advance one, right button is go back one.
Furthermore, the entries are in some sort of order, and are 'indexed' in a menu system. Click the middle button anywhere in the
'!Mangle' window to get this menu. It is split up into the various things listed above; length, area, etc..
This menu also has 'Default' at the top, which takes you back to the first entry, and 'User' at the bottom (initially greyed
out). Below that is a 'Functions' submenu, which does two things;
i. 'Swap' swaps the input value and the output value, and
ii. 'Count' tells you how many conversions the program can do and how many gaps remain. See below.
A Practical Example
-------------------
You want to know how far 20 miles is in kilometres.
Bring up the menu and select 'Length -> Standard -> Imp � � Met'. The title icon will show 'Centimetres � � Inches'. Click on
this icon a few times until 'Kilometres � � Miles' is displayed. Now, we want miles to kilometres which is in the backwards or
upwards sense, so enter 20 miles by putting the number '20' in the 'Output' box. Now click on the 'Calculate �' button. The
result '32.18688996' will be put in the 'Input' box. So 20 miles = 32.2 kilometres.
Now suppose you get curious and want to know how far this is in yards (!). Well, click a few times on the title icon again,
until it reads 'Kilometres � � Yards'. This time the desired conversion is in the forwards or downwards sense, but you will
notice that your number of kilometres you want to convert is already in the right place! So just click on the 'Calculate �'
button and the result will be put in the 'Output' box.
Now you want the number of yards back in miles - totally pointless since you know it's 20 but it serves a purpose. Click the
right mouse button on the title icon to go back a bit until it reads 'Yards � � Miles'. This time, though, the number of yards isin the wrong box. We need it in the 'Input' box. Bring up the menu and select 'Functions -> Swap' to swap it over into the right place. Then click 'Calculate �' again. Notice the answer is not exactly 20. This is because of necessary approximations in the
conversions.
User Defined
------------
To add in your own conversions, click the 'Toggle' icon in the top left corner of the window. A little bit extra will appear at the bottom of the window, with a 'Title' box and two buttons, 'Add' and 'Delete'. Type your rate into the 'Rate' box, then a
title for it in the 'Title' box (eg. 'Elephants � � Mice') and then click on 'Add'. This has added your conversion in and it willstay there even when you quit the application. Now delete this conversion by clicking on the 'Delete' button (shocking!). Your
conversion is now totally gone and you'll never see it again. Once you have added even just one of your own conversion rates, themenu option 'User' will become available.
Remember, the program always evaluates
(input box) * (rate box) when you click 'Calculate �'
and
(output box) / (rate box) when you click 'Calculate �'.
So make sure your conversion doesn't do anything silly like try to add on a number. It won't work. Having said that, there's a
lot of scope because the program really does 'EVALuate' the strings. That means that you can put any usual BASIC command in as
well, eg. PI, ATN, COS, SIN etc. The sky's the limit.
Technical Information
---------------------
Configuraton
------------
The program is presently configured to allow you to put in 250 new conversions EVERY time you load it. That means that if you
add in 50 conversions at one sitting, you will be able to enter another 250 new ones the next time, not 200! Should you wish to
change this generous figure of 250, you can by locating the variable 'extend' in the program '!RunImage' inside the Application
directory, and changing its initial value, eg. 'extend=1000'. Note that if you do this with a really big number the WimpSlot willnot be big enough and you'll have to change that too, in the '!Run' file, eg. 'WimpSlot -min 128K -max 128K' Try to keep the
min/max numbers in multiples of 16 and always have the min the same as the max, or else you'll get problems!
Data Storage
------------
The data for each conversion is stored within the textfile 'Data', in the following format;
#start of file
size ; this is the number of entries, minimum 98
title ; the title of a conversion, eg. 'Inches � � Feet' --
rate ; the rate of the ABOVE conversion |
title |
rate | in here there are 'size' number of title
| -- and rate lines, the first 98 of which are
| | the undeletable 'presets'
| |
title |
rate --
#end of file
*********************************************************************************************************************************
If anyone needs to contact me the safest bet is my home address;
7 Riversdene,
Stokesley,
Cleveland.
TS9 5DD.
Or, if it's during term time, I can be contacted by s(nail)-mail at;
Hulme Hall,
Oxford Place,
Victoria Park,
Manchester.
M14 5RR.
and by e(asy)-mail at;
AJM@fs1.ma.umist.ac.uk
Andrew J Markwick 20/7/94
00000000 0a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a |.***************| 00000010 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a |****************| * 00000030 0a 2a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.* | 00000040 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 00000050 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2a | *| 00000060 0a 2a 20 20 50 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 28 43 29 20 |.* Program (C) | 00000070 41 6e 64 72 65 77 20 4a 20 4d 61 72 6b 77 69 63 |Andrew J Markwic| 00000080 6b 20 31 39 39 34 2e 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2a |k 1994. *| 00000090 0a 2a 20 20 4d 75 73 69 63 61 6c 20 65 6e 74 65 |.* Musical ente| 000000a0 72 74 61 69 6e 6d 65 6e 74 20 62 79 20 42 72 79 |rtainment by Bry| 000000b0 61 6e 20 41 64 61 6d 73 2e 20 20 20 20 20 20 2a |an Adams. *| 000000c0 0a 2a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.* | 000000d0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 000000e0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2a | *| 000000f0 0a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a |.***************| 00000100 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a |****************| * 00000120 0a 2a 20 20 20 20 59 6f 75 27 6c 6c 20 66 69 6e |.* You'll fin| 00000130 64 20 74 68 69 73 20 66 69 6c 65 20 65 61 73 69 |d this file easi| 00000140 65 72 20 74 6f 20 72 65 61 64 20 20 20 20 20 2a |er to read *| 00000150 0a 2a 20 20 20 20 69 66 20 79 6f 75 20 70 75 74 |.* if you put| 00000160 20 79 6f 75 72 20 6d 6f 6e 69 74 6f 72 20 69 6e | your monitor in| 00000170 20 4d 6f 64 65 20 31 36 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2a | Mode 16 *| 00000180 0a 2a 20 20 20 20 61 6e 64 20 6d 61 6b 65 20 69 |.* and make i| 00000190 74 20 61 20 66 75 6c 6c 20 73 69 7a 65 20 21 45 |t a full size !E| 000001a0 64 69 74 20 77 69 6e 64 6f 77 21 20 20 20 20 2a |dit window! *| 000001b0 0a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a |.***************| 000001c0 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a |****************| * 000001e0 0a 0a 0a 0a 0a 4f 76 65 72 76 69 65 77 20 6f 66 |.....Overview of| 000001f0 20 61 70 70 6c 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 27 21 4d | application '!M| 00000200 61 6e 67 6c 65 27 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |angle'.---------| 00000210 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |----------------| 00000220 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a 0a 20 27 21 4d 61 6e 67 |-------.. '!Mang| 00000230 6c 65 27 20 69 73 20 61 20 63 6f 6e 76 65 72 73 |le' is a convers| 00000240 69 6f 6e 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 2e 20 4e 6f 74 |ion program. Not| 00000250 20 6a 75 73 74 20 61 6e 20 6f 72 64 69 6e 61 72 | just an ordinar| 00000260 79 20 72 75 6e 2d 6f 66 2d 74 68 65 2d 6d 69 6c |y run-of-the-mil| 00000270 6c 20 63 6f 6e 76 65 72 73 69 6f 6e 20 70 72 6f |l conversion pro| 00000280 67 72 61 6d 20 74 68 6f 75 67 68 2c 20 62 65 63 |gram though, bec| 00000290 61 75 73 65 20 79 6f 75 20 63 61 6e 20 61 64 64 |ause you can add| 000002a0 20 79 6f 75 72 20 6f 77 6e 20 63 6f 6e 76 65 72 | your own conver| 000002b0 73 69 6f 6e 73 20 74 6f 20 69 74 73 20 28 61 6c |sions to its (al| 000002c0 72 65 61 64 79 29 20 6c 61 72 67 65 20 72 65 70 |ready) large rep| 000002d0 65 72 74 6f 69 72 65 2e 0a 0a 0a 41 20 4c 69 74 |ertoire....A Lit| 000002e0 74 6c 65 20 54 75 74 6f 72 69 61 6c 0a 2d 2d 2d |tle Tutorial.---| 000002f0 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a 0a |--------------..| 00000300 20 54 6f 20 75 73 65 20 27 21 4d 61 6e 67 6c 65 | To use '!Mangle| 00000310 27 20 69 6e 20 69 74 73 20 73 69 6d 70 6c 65 73 |' in its simples| 00000320 74 20 66 6f 72 6d 3b 0a 20 20 20 20 20 69 2e 20 |t form;. i. | 00000330 65 6e 74 65 72 20 61 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 69 |enter a number i| 00000340 6e 20 74 68 65 20 27 49 6e 70 75 74 27 20 62 6f |n the 'Input' bo| 00000350 78 2c 20 0a 20 20 20 20 69 69 2e 20 61 6e 64 20 |x, . ii. and | 00000360 61 6e 6f 74 68 65 72 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 27 |another in the '| 00000370 52 61 74 65 27 20 62 6f 78 2c 20 74 68 65 6e 0a |Rate' box, then.| 00000380 20 20 20 69 69 69 2e 20 63 6c 69 63 6b 20 6f 6e | iii. click on| 00000390 20 74 68 65 20 27 43 61 6c 63 75 6c 61 74 65 20 | the 'Calculate | 000003a0 8a 27 20 62 75 74 74 6f 6e 2e 20 0a 20 41 20 6e |.' button. . A n| 000003b0 75 6d 62 65 72 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 61 70 70 65 61 |umber will appea| 000003c0 72 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 27 4f 75 74 70 75 74 |r in the 'Output| 000003d0 27 20 62 6f 78 2e 20 0a 20 41 6c 6c 20 74 68 65 |' box. . All the| 000003e0 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 68 61 73 20 64 6f 6e | program has don| 000003f0 65 20 69 73 20 77 6f 72 6b 20 6f 75 74 20 28 69 |e is work out (i| 00000400 6e 70 75 74 20 62 6f 78 29 20 2a 20 28 72 61 74 |nput box) * (rat| 00000410 65 20 62 6f 78 29 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20 69 73 20 |e box). This is | 00000420 76 65 72 79 20 73 69 6d 70 6c 65 2c 20 62 75 74 |very simple, but| 00000430 20 76 65 72 79 20 75 73 65 66 75 6c 2e 20 0a 20 | very useful. . | 00000440 4e 6f 77 3b 0a 20 20 20 20 20 69 2e 20 64 65 6c |Now;. i. del| 00000450 65 74 65 20 77 68 61 74 65 76 65 72 20 79 6f 75 |ete whatever you| 00000460 20 68 61 64 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 27 49 6e 70 | had in the 'Inp| 00000470 75 74 27 20 62 6f 78 20 73 6f 20 74 68 61 74 20 |ut' box so that | 00000480 69 74 27 73 20 62 6c 61 6e 6b 2c 20 62 75 74 20 |it's blank, but | 00000490 74 68 65 20 6f 74 68 65 72 20 74 77 6f 20 61 72 |the other two ar| 000004a0 65 20 6e 6f 74 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 0a 20 20 20 20 |e not, and . | 000004b0 69 69 2e 20 63 6c 69 63 6b 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 |ii. click on the| 000004c0 20 27 43 61 6c 63 75 6c 61 74 65 20 8b 27 20 62 | 'Calculate .' b| 000004d0 75 74 74 6f 6e 2e 20 0a 20 54 68 65 20 70 72 6f |utton. . The pro| 000004e0 67 72 61 6d 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 70 75 74 20 79 6f |gram will put yo| 000004f0 75 72 20 6f 72 69 67 69 6e 61 6c 20 6e 75 6d 62 |ur original numb| 00000500 65 72 20 62 61 63 6b 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 27 |er back in the '| 00000510 49 6e 70 75 74 27 20 62 6f 78 21 20 0a 20 41 6c |Input' box! . Al| 00000520 6c 20 69 74 20 68 61 73 20 64 6f 6e 65 20 74 68 |l it has done th| 00000530 69 73 20 74 69 6d 65 20 69 73 20 77 6f 72 6b 20 |is time is work | 00000540 6f 75 74 20 28 6f 75 74 70 75 74 20 62 6f 78 29 |out (output box)| 00000550 20 2f 20 28 72 61 74 65 20 62 6f 78 29 2e 20 54 | / (rate box). T| 00000560 68 69 73 20 69 73 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 76 65 72 79 |his is also very| 00000570 20 73 69 6d 70 6c 65 2e 20 0a 20 0a 20 57 68 61 | simple. . . Wha| 00000580 74 27 73 20 74 68 65 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 3f 20 0a |t's the point? .| 00000590 20 57 65 6c 6c 2c 20 69 74 20 6d 65 61 6e 73 20 | Well, it means | 000005a0 74 68 61 74 20 77 68 61 74 65 76 65 72 20 63 6f |that whatever co| 000005b0 6e 76 65 72 73 69 6f 6e 20 79 6f 75 20 70 65 72 |nversion you per| 000005c0 66 6f 72 6d 20 79 6f 75 20 63 61 6e 20 64 6f 20 |form you can do | 000005d0 62 61 63 6b 77 61 72 64 73 20 61 73 20 77 65 6c |backwards as wel| 000005e0 6c 2e 20 53 6f 72 74 20 6f 66 20 27 74 77 6f 20 |l. Sort of 'two | 000005f0 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 69 63 65 20 6f 66 |for the price of| 00000600 20 6f 6e 65 2e 27 0a 0a 20 50 72 65 73 65 74 73 | one.'.. Presets| 00000610 0a 20 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a 20 54 68 65 20 70 |. -------. The p| 00000620 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 68 61 73 20 39 38 20 27 62 |rogram has 98 'b| 00000630 75 69 6c 74 20 69 6e 27 20 6f 72 20 27 70 72 65 |uilt in' or 'pre| 00000640 73 65 74 27 20 63 6f 6e 76 65 72 73 69 6f 6e 73 |set' conversions| 00000650 2c 20 69 6e 20 63 61 74 65 67 6f 72 69 65 73 20 |, in categories | 00000660 6f 66 20 6c 65 6e 67 74 68 2c 20 61 72 65 61 2c |of length, area,| 00000670 20 76 6f 6c 75 6d 65 2c 20 63 61 70 61 63 69 74 | volume, capacit| 00000680 79 2c 20 61 6e 67 6c 65 2c 20 74 69 6d 65 2c 20 |y, angle, time, | 00000690 6d 61 73 73 2c 20 0a 76 65 6c 6f 63 69 74 79 2c |mass, .velocity,| 000006a0 20 61 6e 64 20 65 6e 65 72 67 79 20 61 74 20 70 | and energy at p| 000006b0 72 65 73 65 6e 74 2e 20 59 6f 75 20 63 61 6e 6e |resent. You cann| 000006c0 6f 74 20 64 65 6c 65 74 65 20 74 68 65 73 65 2c |ot delete these,| 000006d0 20 62 75 74 20 79 6f 75 20 63 61 6e 20 61 64 64 | but you can add| 000006e0 20 61 6e 79 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 6f 66 20 79 | any number of y| 000006f0 6f 75 72 20 6f 77 6e 21 20 0a 41 6c 6c 20 74 68 |our own! .All th| 00000700 65 20 65 6e 74 72 69 65 73 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 |e entries can be| 00000710 20 63 79 63 6c 65 64 20 74 68 72 6f 75 67 68 20 | cycled through | 00000720 62 79 20 63 6c 69 63 6b 69 6e 67 20 6f 6e 20 74 |by clicking on t| 00000730 68 65 20 27 74 69 74 6c 65 27 20 69 63 6f 6e 2c |he 'title' icon,| 00000740 20 74 68 65 20 6f 6e 65 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 61 | the one which a| 00000750 74 20 74 68 65 20 73 74 61 72 74 20 73 61 79 73 |t the start says| 00000760 20 27 44 65 66 61 75 6c 74 27 2e 20 4c 65 66 74 | 'Default'. Left| 00000770 20 62 75 74 74 6f 6e 20 69 73 20 61 64 76 61 6e | button is advan| 00000780 63 65 20 6f 6e 65 2c 20 72 69 67 68 74 20 62 75 |ce one, right bu| 00000790 74 74 6f 6e 20 69 73 20 67 6f 20 62 61 63 6b 20 |tton is go back | 000007a0 6f 6e 65 2e 20 0a 46 75 72 74 68 65 72 6d 6f 72 |one. .Furthermor| 000007b0 65 2c 20 74 68 65 20 65 6e 74 72 69 65 73 20 61 |e, the entries a| 000007c0 72 65 20 69 6e 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 73 6f 72 74 20 |re in some sort | 000007d0 6f 66 20 6f 72 64 65 72 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 61 72 |of order, and ar| 000007e0 65 20 27 69 6e 64 65 78 65 64 27 20 69 6e 20 61 |e 'indexed' in a| 000007f0 20 6d 65 6e 75 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d 2e 20 43 6c | menu system. Cl| 00000800 69 63 6b 20 74 68 65 20 6d 69 64 64 6c 65 20 62 |ick the middle b| 00000810 75 74 74 6f 6e 20 61 6e 79 77 68 65 72 65 20 69 |utton anywhere i| 00000820 6e 20 74 68 65 20 0a 27 21 4d 61 6e 67 6c 65 27 |n the .'!Mangle'| 00000830 20 77 69 6e 64 6f 77 20 74 6f 20 67 65 74 20 74 | window to get t| 00000840 68 69 73 20 6d 65 6e 75 2e 20 49 74 20 69 73 20 |his menu. It is | 00000850 73 70 6c 69 74 20 75 70 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 74 68 |split up into th| 00000860 65 20 76 61 72 69 6f 75 73 20 74 68 69 6e 67 73 |e various things| 00000870 20 6c 69 73 74 65 64 20 61 62 6f 76 65 3b 20 6c | listed above; l| 00000880 65 6e 67 74 68 2c 20 61 72 65 61 2c 20 65 74 63 |ength, area, etc| 00000890 2e 2e 0a 54 68 69 73 20 6d 65 6e 75 20 61 6c 73 |...This menu als| 000008a0 6f 20 68 61 73 20 27 44 65 66 61 75 6c 74 27 20 |o has 'Default' | 000008b0 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 74 6f 70 2c 20 77 68 69 63 |at the top, whic| 000008c0 68 20 74 61 6b 65 73 20 79 6f 75 20 62 61 63 6b |h takes you back| 000008d0 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 65 6e | to the first en| 000008e0 74 72 79 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 27 55 73 65 72 27 20 |try, and 'User' | 000008f0 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 62 6f 74 74 6f 6d 20 28 69 |at the bottom (i| 00000900 6e 69 74 69 61 6c 6c 79 20 67 72 65 79 65 64 20 |nitially greyed | 00000910 0a 6f 75 74 29 2e 20 42 65 6c 6f 77 20 74 68 61 |.out). Below tha| 00000920 74 20 69 73 20 61 20 27 46 75 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e |t is a 'Function| 00000930 73 27 20 73 75 62 6d 65 6e 75 2c 20 77 68 69 63 |s' submenu, whic| 00000940 68 20 64 6f 65 73 20 74 77 6f 20 74 68 69 6e 67 |h does two thing| 00000950 73 3b 0a 20 20 20 20 20 69 2e 20 27 53 77 61 70 |s;. i. 'Swap| 00000960 27 20 73 77 61 70 73 20 74 68 65 20 69 6e 70 75 |' swaps the inpu| 00000970 74 20 76 61 6c 75 65 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 |t value and the | 00000980 6f 75 74 70 75 74 20 76 61 6c 75 65 2c 20 61 6e |output value, an| 00000990 64 20 0a 20 20 20 20 69 69 2e 20 27 43 6f 75 6e |d . ii. 'Coun| 000009a0 74 27 20 74 65 6c 6c 73 20 79 6f 75 20 68 6f 77 |t' tells you how| 000009b0 20 6d 61 6e 79 20 63 6f 6e 76 65 72 73 69 6f 6e | many conversion| 000009c0 73 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 63 61 |s the program ca| 000009d0 6e 20 64 6f 20 61 6e 64 20 68 6f 77 20 6d 61 6e |n do and how man| 000009e0 79 20 67 61 70 73 20 72 65 6d 61 69 6e 2e 20 53 |y gaps remain. S| 000009f0 65 65 20 62 65 6c 6f 77 2e 0a 0a 20 41 20 50 72 |ee below... A Pr| 00000a00 61 63 74 69 63 61 6c 20 45 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 0a |actical Example.| 00000a10 20 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | ---------------| 00000a20 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a 20 59 6f 75 20 77 61 6e 74 20 74 |----. You want t| 00000a30 6f 20 6b 6e 6f 77 20 68 6f 77 20 66 61 72 20 32 |o know how far 2| 00000a40 30 20 6d 69 6c 65 73 20 69 73 20 69 6e 20 6b 69 |0 miles is in ki| 00000a50 6c 6f 6d 65 74 72 65 73 2e 20 0a 20 42 72 69 6e |lometres. . Brin| 00000a60 67 20 75 70 20 74 68 65 20 6d 65 6e 75 20 61 6e |g up the menu an| 00000a70 64 20 73 65 6c 65 63 74 20 27 4c 65 6e 67 74 68 |d select 'Length| 00000a80 20 2d 3e 20 53 74 61 6e 64 61 72 64 20 2d 3e 20 | -> Standard -> | 00000a90 49 6d 70 20 88 20 89 20 4d 65 74 27 2e 20 54 68 |Imp . . Met'. Th| 00000aa0 65 20 74 69 74 6c 65 20 69 63 6f 6e 20 77 69 6c |e title icon wil| 00000ab0 6c 20 73 68 6f 77 20 27 43 65 6e 74 69 6d 65 74 |l show 'Centimet| 00000ac0 72 65 73 20 88 20 89 20 49 6e 63 68 65 73 27 2e |res . . Inches'.| 00000ad0 20 43 6c 69 63 6b 20 6f 6e 20 0a 74 68 69 73 20 | Click on .this | 00000ae0 69 63 6f 6e 20 61 20 66 65 77 20 74 69 6d 65 73 |icon a few times| 00000af0 20 75 6e 74 69 6c 20 27 4b 69 6c 6f 6d 65 74 72 | until 'Kilometr| 00000b00 65 73 20 88 20 89 20 4d 69 6c 65 73 27 20 69 73 |es . . Miles' is| 00000b10 20 64 69 73 70 6c 61 79 65 64 2e 20 4e 6f 77 2c | displayed. Now,| 00000b20 20 77 65 20 77 61 6e 74 20 6d 69 6c 65 73 20 74 | we want miles t| 00000b30 6f 20 6b 69 6c 6f 6d 65 74 72 65 73 20 77 68 69 |o kilometres whi| 00000b40 63 68 20 69 73 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 62 61 63 |ch is in the bac| 00000b50 6b 77 61 72 64 73 20 6f 72 20 0a 75 70 77 61 72 |kwards or .upwar| 00000b60 64 73 20 73 65 6e 73 65 2c 20 73 6f 20 65 6e 74 |ds sense, so ent| 00000b70 65 72 20 32 30 20 6d 69 6c 65 73 20 62 79 20 70 |er 20 miles by p| 00000b80 75 74 74 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 |utting the numbe| 00000b90 72 20 27 32 30 27 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 27 4f |r '20' in the 'O| 00000ba0 75 74 70 75 74 27 20 62 6f 78 2e 20 4e 6f 77 20 |utput' box. Now | 00000bb0 63 6c 69 63 6b 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 27 43 61 |click on the 'Ca| 00000bc0 6c 63 75 6c 61 74 65 20 8b 27 20 62 75 74 74 6f |lculate .' butto| 00000bd0 6e 2e 20 54 68 65 20 0a 72 65 73 75 6c 74 20 27 |n. The .result '| 00000be0 33 32 2e 31 38 36 38 38 39 39 36 27 20 77 69 6c |32.18688996' wil| 00000bf0 6c 20 62 65 20 70 75 74 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |l be put in the | 00000c00 27 49 6e 70 75 74 27 20 62 6f 78 2e 20 53 6f 20 |'Input' box. So | 00000c10 32 30 20 6d 69 6c 65 73 20 3d 20 33 32 2e 32 20 |20 miles = 32.2 | 00000c20 6b 69 6c 6f 6d 65 74 72 65 73 2e 20 0a 20 0a 20 |kilometres. . . | 00000c30 4e 6f 77 20 73 75 70 70 6f 73 65 20 79 6f 75 20 |Now suppose you | 00000c40 67 65 74 20 63 75 72 69 6f 75 73 20 61 6e 64 20 |get curious and | 00000c50 77 61 6e 74 20 74 6f 20 6b 6e 6f 77 20 68 6f 77 |want to know how| 00000c60 20 66 61 72 20 74 68 69 73 20 69 73 20 69 6e 20 | far this is in | 00000c70 79 61 72 64 73 20 28 21 29 2e 20 57 65 6c 6c 2c |yards (!). Well,| 00000c80 20 63 6c 69 63 6b 20 61 20 66 65 77 20 74 69 6d | click a few tim| 00000c90 65 73 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 74 69 74 6c 65 20 |es on the title | 00000ca0 69 63 6f 6e 20 61 67 61 69 6e 2c 20 0a 75 6e 74 |icon again, .unt| 00000cb0 69 6c 20 69 74 20 72 65 61 64 73 20 27 4b 69 6c |il it reads 'Kil| 00000cc0 6f 6d 65 74 72 65 73 20 88 20 89 20 59 61 72 64 |ometres . . Yard| 00000cd0 73 27 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20 74 69 6d 65 20 74 68 |s'. This time th| 00000ce0 65 20 64 65 73 69 72 65 64 20 63 6f 6e 76 65 72 |e desired conver| 00000cf0 73 69 6f 6e 20 69 73 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 66 |sion is in the f| 00000d00 6f 72 77 61 72 64 73 20 6f 72 20 64 6f 77 6e 77 |orwards or downw| 00000d10 61 72 64 73 20 73 65 6e 73 65 2c 20 62 75 74 20 |ards sense, but | 00000d20 79 6f 75 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 0a 6e 6f 74 69 63 65 |you will .notice| 00000d30 20 74 68 61 74 20 79 6f 75 72 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 | that your numbe| 00000d40 72 20 6f 66 20 6b 69 6c 6f 6d 65 74 72 65 73 20 |r of kilometres | 00000d50 79 6f 75 20 77 61 6e 74 20 74 6f 20 63 6f 6e 76 |you want to conv| 00000d60 65 72 74 20 69 73 20 61 6c 72 65 61 64 79 20 69 |ert is already i| 00000d70 6e 20 74 68 65 20 72 69 67 68 74 20 70 6c 61 63 |n the right plac| 00000d80 65 21 20 53 6f 20 6a 75 73 74 20 63 6c 69 63 6b |e! So just click| 00000d90 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 27 43 61 6c 63 75 6c 61 | on the 'Calcula| 00000da0 74 65 20 8a 27 20 0a 62 75 74 74 6f 6e 20 61 6e |te .' .button an| 00000db0 64 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 73 75 6c 74 20 77 69 6c |d the result wil| 00000dc0 6c 20 62 65 20 70 75 74 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |l be put in the | 00000dd0 27 4f 75 74 70 75 74 27 20 62 6f 78 2e 20 0a 0a |'Output' box. ..| 00000de0 20 4e 6f 77 20 79 6f 75 20 77 61 6e 74 20 74 68 | Now you want th| 00000df0 65 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 6f 66 20 79 61 72 64 |e number of yard| 00000e00 73 20 62 61 63 6b 20 69 6e 20 6d 69 6c 65 73 20 |s back in miles | 00000e10 2d 20 74 6f 74 61 6c 6c 79 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 6c |- totally pointl| 00000e20 65 73 73 20 73 69 6e 63 65 20 79 6f 75 20 6b 6e |ess since you kn| 00000e30 6f 77 20 69 74 27 73 20 32 30 20 62 75 74 20 69 |ow it's 20 but i| 00000e40 74 20 73 65 72 76 65 73 20 61 20 70 75 72 70 6f |t serves a purpo| 00000e50 73 65 2e 20 43 6c 69 63 6b 20 74 68 65 20 0a 72 |se. Click the .r| 00000e60 69 67 68 74 20 6d 6f 75 73 65 20 62 75 74 74 6f |ight mouse butto| 00000e70 6e 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 74 69 74 6c 65 20 69 |n on the title i| 00000e80 63 6f 6e 20 74 6f 20 67 6f 20 62 61 63 6b 20 61 |con to go back a| 00000e90 20 62 69 74 20 75 6e 74 69 6c 20 69 74 20 72 65 | bit until it re| 00000ea0 61 64 73 20 27 59 61 72 64 73 20 88 20 89 20 4d |ads 'Yards . . M| 00000eb0 69 6c 65 73 27 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20 74 69 6d 65 |iles'. This time| 00000ec0 2c 20 74 68 6f 75 67 68 2c 20 74 68 65 20 6e 75 |, though, the nu| 00000ed0 6d 62 65 72 20 6f 66 20 79 61 72 64 73 20 69 73 |mber of yards is| 00000ee0 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 77 72 6f 6e 67 20 62 6f 78 |in the wrong box| 00000ef0 2e 20 57 65 20 6e 65 65 64 20 69 74 20 69 6e 20 |. We need it in | 00000f00 74 68 65 20 27 49 6e 70 75 74 27 20 62 6f 78 2e |the 'Input' box.| 00000f10 20 42 72 69 6e 67 20 75 70 20 74 68 65 20 6d 65 | Bring up the me| 00000f20 6e 75 20 61 6e 64 20 73 65 6c 65 63 74 20 27 46 |nu and select 'F| 00000f30 75 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 2d 3e 20 53 77 61 70 |unctions -> Swap| 00000f40 27 20 74 6f 20 73 77 61 70 20 69 74 20 6f 76 65 |' to swap it ove| 00000f50 72 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 72 69 67 68 74 |r into the right| 00000f60 20 70 6c 61 63 65 2e 20 54 68 65 6e 20 63 6c 69 | place. Then cli| 00000f70 63 6b 20 27 43 61 6c 63 75 6c 61 74 65 20 8a 27 |ck 'Calculate .'| 00000f80 20 61 67 61 69 6e 2e 20 4e 6f 74 69 63 65 20 74 | again. Notice t| 00000f90 68 65 20 61 6e 73 77 65 72 20 69 73 20 6e 6f 74 |he answer is not| 00000fa0 20 65 78 61 63 74 6c 79 20 32 30 2e 20 54 68 69 | exactly 20. Thi| 00000fb0 73 20 69 73 20 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 6f 66 20 |s is because of | 00000fc0 6e 65 63 65 73 73 61 72 79 20 61 70 70 72 6f 78 |necessary approx| 00000fd0 69 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |imations in the | 00000fe0 0a 63 6f 6e 76 65 72 73 69 6f 6e 73 2e 0a 0a 20 |.conversions... | 00000ff0 55 73 65 72 20 44 65 66 69 6e 65 64 0a 20 2d 2d |User Defined. --| 00001000 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a 20 54 6f 20 61 |----------. To a| 00001010 64 64 20 69 6e 20 79 6f 75 72 20 6f 77 6e 20 63 |dd in your own c| 00001020 6f 6e 76 65 72 73 69 6f 6e 73 2c 20 63 6c 69 63 |onversions, clic| 00001030 6b 20 74 68 65 20 27 54 6f 67 67 6c 65 27 20 69 |k the 'Toggle' i| 00001040 63 6f 6e 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 74 6f 70 20 6c |con in the top l| 00001050 65 66 74 20 63 6f 72 6e 65 72 20 6f 66 20 74 68 |eft corner of th| 00001060 65 20 77 69 6e 64 6f 77 2e 20 41 20 6c 69 74 74 |e window. 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Your .conve| 00001210 72 73 69 6f 6e 20 69 73 20 6e 6f 77 20 74 6f 74 |rsion is now tot| 00001220 61 6c 6c 79 20 67 6f 6e 65 20 61 6e 64 20 79 6f |ally gone and yo| 00001230 75 27 6c 6c 20 6e 65 76 65 72 20 73 65 65 20 69 |u'll never see i| 00001240 74 20 61 67 61 69 6e 2e 20 4f 6e 63 65 20 79 6f |t again. Once yo| 00001250 75 20 68 61 76 65 20 61 64 64 65 64 20 65 76 65 |u have added eve| 00001260 6e 20 6a 75 73 74 20 6f 6e 65 20 6f 66 20 79 6f |n just one of yo| 00001270 75 72 20 6f 77 6e 20 63 6f 6e 76 65 72 73 69 6f |ur own conversio| 00001280 6e 20 72 61 74 65 73 2c 20 74 68 65 6d 65 6e 75 |n rates, themenu| 00001290 20 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e 20 27 55 73 65 72 27 20 77 | option 'User' w| 000012a0 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 63 6f 6d 65 20 61 76 61 69 6c |ill become avail| 000012b0 61 62 6c 65 2e 0a 0a 20 52 65 6d 65 6d 62 65 72 |able... Remember| 000012c0 2c 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 61 6c |, the program al| 000012d0 77 61 79 73 20 65 76 61 6c 75 61 74 65 73 20 0a |ways evaluates .| 000012e0 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 28 69 6e 70 75 74 20 |. (input | 000012f0 62 6f 78 29 20 2a 20 28 72 61 74 65 20 62 6f 78 |box) * (rate box| 00001300 29 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 77 68 65 6e 20 79 6f 75 |) when you| 00001310 20 63 6c 69 63 6b 20 27 43 61 6c 63 75 6c 61 74 | click 'Calculat| 00001320 65 20 8a 27 20 0a 20 61 6e 64 20 0a 20 20 20 20 |e .' . and . | 00001330 20 20 20 20 28 6f 75 74 70 75 74 20 62 6f 78 29 | (output box)| 00001340 20 2f 20 28 72 61 74 65 20 62 6f 78 29 20 20 20 | / (rate box) | 00001350 20 20 20 77 68 65 6e 20 79 6f 75 20 63 6c 69 63 | when you clic| 00001360 6b 20 27 43 61 6c 63 75 6c 61 74 65 20 8b 27 2e |k 'Calculate .'.| 00001370 0a 0a 20 53 6f 20 6d 61 6b 65 20 73 75 72 65 20 |.. So make sure | 00001380 79 6f 75 72 20 63 6f 6e 76 65 72 73 69 6f 6e 20 |your conversion | 00001390 64 6f 65 73 6e 27 74 20 64 6f 20 61 6e 79 74 68 |doesn't do anyth| 000013a0 69 6e 67 20 73 69 6c 6c 79 20 6c 69 6b 65 20 74 |ing silly like t| 000013b0 72 79 20 74 6f 20 61 64 64 20 6f 6e 20 61 20 6e |ry to add on a n| 000013c0 75 6d 62 65 72 2e 20 49 74 20 77 6f 6e 27 74 20 |umber. It won't | 000013d0 77 6f 72 6b 2e 20 48 61 76 69 6e 67 20 73 61 69 |work. Having sai| 000013e0 64 20 74 68 61 74 2c 20 74 68 65 72 65 27 73 20 |d that, there's | 000013f0 61 20 0a 6c 6f 74 20 6f 66 20 73 63 6f 70 65 20 |a .lot of scope | 00001400 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 6f 67 |because the prog| 00001410 72 61 6d 20 72 65 61 6c 6c 79 20 64 6f 65 73 20 |ram really does | 00001420 27 45 56 41 4c 75 61 74 65 27 20 74 68 65 20 73 |'EVALuate' the s| 00001430 74 72 69 6e 67 73 2e 20 54 68 61 74 20 6d 65 61 |trings. That mea| 00001440 6e 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 79 6f 75 20 63 61 6e 20 |ns that you can | 00001450 70 75 74 20 61 6e 79 20 75 73 75 61 6c 20 42 41 |put any usual BA| 00001460 53 49 43 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 20 69 6e 20 61 |SIC command in a| 00001470 73 20 0a 77 65 6c 6c 2c 20 65 67 2e 20 50 49 2c |s .well, eg. PI,| 00001480 20 41 54 4e 2c 20 43 4f 53 2c 20 53 49 4e 20 65 | ATN, COS, SIN e| 00001490 74 63 2e 20 54 68 65 20 73 6b 79 27 73 20 74 68 |tc. The sky's th| 000014a0 65 20 6c 69 6d 69 74 2e 0a 0a 0a 54 65 63 68 6e |e limit....Techn| 000014b0 69 63 61 6c 20 49 6e 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e |ical Information| 000014c0 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |.---------------| 000014d0 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a 0a 20 43 6f 6e 66 69 67 75 |------.. Configu| 000014e0 72 61 74 6f 6e 0a 20 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |raton. ---------| 000014f0 2d 2d 2d 0a 20 54 68 65 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d |---. The program| 00001500 20 69 73 20 70 72 65 73 65 6e 74 6c 79 20 63 6f | is presently co| 00001510 6e 66 69 67 75 72 65 64 20 74 6f 20 61 6c 6c 6f |nfigured to allo| 00001520 77 20 79 6f 75 20 74 6f 20 70 75 74 20 69 6e 20 |w you to put in | 00001530 32 35 30 20 6e 65 77 20 63 6f 6e 76 65 72 73 69 |250 new conversi| 00001540 6f 6e 73 20 45 56 45 52 59 20 74 69 6d 65 20 79 |ons EVERY time y| 00001550 6f 75 20 6c 6f 61 64 20 69 74 2e 20 54 68 61 74 |ou load it. 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If anyone n| 00001c60 65 65 64 73 20 74 6f 20 63 6f 6e 74 61 63 74 20 |eeds to contact | 00001c70 6d 65 20 74 68 65 20 73 61 66 65 73 74 20 62 65 |me the safest be| 00001c80 74 20 69 73 20 6d 79 20 68 6f 6d 65 20 61 64 64 |t is my home add| 00001c90 72 65 73 73 3b 0a 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 37 20 |ress;.. 7 | 00001ca0 52 69 76 65 72 73 64 65 6e 65 2c 0a 20 20 20 20 |Riversdene,. | 00001cb0 20 20 20 20 53 74 6f 6b 65 73 6c 65 79 2c 0a 20 | Stokesley,. | 00001cc0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 43 6c 65 76 65 6c 61 6e 64 | Cleveland| 00001cd0 2e 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 54 53 39 20 35 44 |.. TS9 5D| 00001ce0 44 2e 0a 0a 20 4f 72 2c 20 69 66 20 69 74 27 73 |D... Or, if it's| 00001cf0 20 64 75 72 69 6e 67 20 74 65 72 6d 20 74 69 6d | during term tim| 00001d00 65 2c 20 49 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 63 6f 6e 74 |e, I can be cont| 00001d10 61 63 74 65 64 20 62 79 20 73 28 6e 61 69 6c 29 |acted by s(nail)| 00001d20 2d 6d 61 69 6c 20 61 74 3b 0a 0a 20 20 20 20 20 |-mail at;.. | 00001d30 20 20 48 75 6c 6d 65 20 48 61 6c 6c 2c 0a 20 20 | Hulme Hall,. | 00001d40 20 20 20 20 20 20 4f 78 66 6f 72 64 20 50 6c 61 | Oxford Pla| 00001d50 63 65 2c 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 56 69 63 74 |ce,. Vict| 00001d60 6f 72 69 61 20 50 61 72 6b 2c 0a 20 20 20 20 20 |oria Park,. | 00001d70 20 20 20 4d 61 6e 63 68 65 73 74 65 72 2e 0a 20 | Manchester.. | 00001d80 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4d 31 34 20 35 52 52 2e 0a | M14 5RR..| 00001d90 0a 20 20 20 20 20 61 6e 64 20 62 79 20 65 28 61 |. and by e(a| 00001da0 73 79 29 2d 6d 61 69 6c 20 61 74 3b 0a 0a 20 20 |sy)-mail at;.. | 00001db0 20 20 20 20 20 41 4a 4d 40 66 73 31 2e 6d 61 2e | AJM@fs1.ma.| 00001dc0 75 6d 69 73 74 2e 61 63 2e 75 6b 0a 0a 0a 0a 20 |umist.ac.uk.... | 00001dd0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | * 00001e00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 41 6e 64 72 65 77 20 4a | Andrew J| 00001e10 20 4d 61 72 6b 77 69 63 6b 20 20 32 30 2f 37 2f | Markwick 20/7/| 00001e20 39 34 0a 0a |94..| 00001e24
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