PCA/Docs/PCA7

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PCA/Docs/PCA7_HTM

This website contains an archive of files for the Acorn Electron, BBC Micro, Acorn Archimedes, Commodore 16 and Commodore 64 computers, which Dominic Ford has rescued from his private collection of floppy disks and cassettes.

Some of these files were originally commercial releases in the 1980s and 1990s, but they are now widely available online. I assume that copyright over them is no longer being asserted. If you own the copyright and would like files to be removed, please contact me.

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<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>PCA</TITLE>


</HEAD>
<BODY bgcolor="#bbbbbb" BACKGROUND="graphics/crumple.gif" text="#000000" link="#004499" vlink="#dd0000">
<CENTER><IMG SRC="GRAPHICS/PCA.GIF" ALT="PCA Logo" WIDTH=258 HEIGHT=144></CENTER><P>
<HR>To view the latest version of this protocol visit our web site at
<P>
<A HREF="http://www.stcoll.ac.uk/clares/support/pca.html">http://www.stcoll.ac.uk/clares/support/pca.html</A>
 <BR><HR>
<H1>Plug In Compliant Application</H1>
<P>

<H4>
<A NAME="top">
Contents
</A></H4><P>

<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#intro">Introduction</A>
<LI><A HREF="#summary">Message Summary</A>
<LI><A HREF="#mesdefs">Message definitions</A>
<LI><A HREF="#remote">In-place editing</A>
<LI><A HREF="#interface">User Interface</A>
<LI><A HREF="#swis">SWIs</A>
<LI><A HREF="#licence">Licence Conditions</A>
<LI><A HREF="#contacts">Contacting Clares</A>
<LI><A HREF="#disclaim">Disclaimer</A>
<LI><A HREF="#examples">Example applications</A> (The examples archive contains a copy of this document for reading off line)

</UL>
<BR>
<P>

<HR>


<H2><A NAME="intro">Introduction</A></H2>

The Clares Plug In Compliant Application (PCA) specification provides an
easy to implement way of allowing multiple applications to share common
objects residing in shared memory areas. A program written to the PCA
specification will work with any other which supports the standard and uses
the same type of objects.<BR>
<P>

<B>What does PCA do for me as a user ?</B>
<P>

The PCA standard works at two levels. In each case a document in a common
memory area can be 'shared' between two or more applications. This is
<B>not</B> like the versions of OLE implemented on the Acorn platform. There
is a major difference in that OLE <B>copies</B> the document for the second
application to work on, thus your data takes up twice as much RAM. With PCA
all applications work on the <B>same</B> document thus incurring no RAM
overheads. <P> The controlling application is called the <A
HREF="#local">Local</A> application and the slave application is called the
<A HREF="#remote1">Remote</A> application.

<P>
When a document is edited in a Remote application the object in the Local
application is automatically updated.
<P>
What we have up to now is a more efficient way of doing OLE. However, PCA
does not stop there. Take an application like Composition which provides a
page make up environment for bit image and vector images - all of which can
be moved and edited - a bit like Draw for bit images but with a LOT of
extras. Composition does not provide 'painting' tools but ProArtisan 24
does. If both applications are PCA compliant then a Utilities menu in Compo
will show ProArt 24 as a 'tool'. Clicking on this menu entry opens a PA24
window showing the selected Compo object. PA24 can paint into this object or
indeed perform any of its functions on the object. All changes are reflected
immediately in Compo.
<P>
This means that an application can have other applications as 'tools'. Small
'applets' can be written to provide specific functions to a PCA application
<I>and they will be usable by any other PCA compliant application.</I>
<P>
Imagine a simple application that does nothing else except display a sprite
and conform to the PCA standard. Another application could provide paint
tools, yet another could provide filters, another might provide warping
tools - you get the picture I'm sure. From this range of applets you can
construct the <B>tool</B> that you require to get the job done.
<P>

What's more, more than one remote applet can work on the same object at the
same time and changes made in any one of these will be immediately reflected
in all of them.<P> This is an awful lot better than OLE but there's still
more.

<P>
Instead of each applet opening its own window we can use 'In-place' editing.
This means that only the <B>Local</B> application displays the document.
When you click on a 'tool' entry in the Utilities menu the new tool's
Toolbar opens over the Local application's window. All tools then work on
the image in the Local's window.

<P>
Now you are really able to construct an application from a range of applets.
All you will see is one window displaying the document.
<P>
Take this a little further and imagine a DTP package supporting the PCA
standard. It could have a frame containing a graphic image and you could
link this to PA24, Compo or any other PCA application, which could
manipulate the image. The changes would be reflected immediately in the DTP
window. However, if In-place editing is used, the Toolbars would appear in
the DTP window and allow you to edit the graphic directly in the DTP window.
<P>
<CENTER><IMG SRC="GRAPHICS/PCA1.GIF" ALT="A screenshot showing PCA in a DTP
app" WIDTH=254 HEIGHT=303></CENTER>
<CENTER><I>A PCA Toolbar acting on an image in a DTP frame</I></CENTER>
<P>

What we now have is a system whereby an application can have an infinite
number of additional tools and all applications conforming to PCA can be
used with and by all other PCA applications.
<P>
An example of this could be an image in a DTP frame linked to Compo which
used this image as a 'canvas' for a composite picture. From Compo one of
the images in the composite picture could also be linked to ProArt24 and
any changes would immediately be reflected in Compo and the DTP package.

<P>
If you jump to the bottom of this page you can download some <A HREF="#examples">example
applications</A> and documentation that may make things clearer. The main
document to read is 'ToTest'.
<P>
<H2>A more technical explanation</H2>

There are two 'sides' to PCA support. Applications may support either or
both as it suits them.
<P>

<B><A NAME=A NAME="local">Local</A></B>
<P>


A Local application creates and maintains an area of shared memory (on the
RiscPC this is most likely to be a dynamic area, older hardware must use RMA
or something like the Dynamite memory manager). Objects in this area may be
edited by any PCA 'remote' application which is running, provided that it
knows about the type of object concerned. It is the local application's
responsibility to create and maintain pointers to objects and to take the
correct action when an object moves or changes size. 

 <P>

<B><A NAME=A NAME="remote1">Remote</A></B>
<P>
A Remote application modifies an object in some way when requested to do so
by a Local application. Remote applications can be small 'applets' or
major programs in their own right. The PCA specification sets no limits
on the changes which may be made to an object.
<P>
In practice, the two sides blur considerably. For example, it is possible
for more than one 'Remote' task to work on the same object at the same
time in which case the 'Remote' tasks must respond to some messages in a similar
way to the 'Local' task.
<P>
In addition, an optional extension to the standard provides support for
'In-place' editing of objects directly in another application's window.
<P>


<B>
Limitations, assumptions and philosophy
</B>

<P>



The PCA standard requires the following:
<P>



<UL>

<LI>    Objects are stored in an area of memory available to all tasks. (eg.
Dynamic areas). Beyond that the PCA is designed to be as transparent as
possible to the memory management system used by a program. See below for
some notes on memory management related issues.

<LI>    Objects are either entirely paged into RAM during any PCA exchange, or a
        virtual memory system which is transparent to the program accessing memory
        is used (Eg. Clares Virtualise).<P>

<LI>    Objects are stored in a cross-program standard format for which there is a
        method of rendering readily available to other programmers.
        Examples are RISC OS Sprites, Drawfiles, ArtWorks files, Plain text
etc.
</UL><P>If you are writing or have written a program which produces
data objects that may be desirable for other programs to render, you should
consider providing a rendering module (or some code) which
other applications can use to display your object types. You should also
consider placing the details (if not the rendering code itself) in the
public domain. <P>

No well written RISC OS application is an island. By supporting the PCA
standard programs can take advantage of each other's good features and
minimise their weaknesses while providing the user with a far richer and
more productive working environment.
<P>

<B>
Memory management issues
</B>

<P>

For backwards compatability programs that wish to use PCA on pre RiscPC
hardware can fall back to using the RMA or something like the Dynamite
memory manager. We do <b>not</b> however believe that Dynamite is the best
solution for a PCA task on the RiscPC. This is because Dynamite uses one
dynamic area to store all of its data rather than one dynamic area for each
task. This practice means that, in the event of a PCA remote task going
wrong and writing beyond the end of the object being edited, *all* tasks
using Dynamite could crash rather than just the one local task in question.
Also, Dynamite will not work with <i>Virtualise</i> which provides a PCA
compatible virtual memory system.<P> 

<P>
<A HREF="#top">Return to Contents</A>
<HR>


<H1><A NAME="mesdefs">Plug In Compliant Application Message specification</A></H1>  <P>



<AU>
 </P> Author  : Rob Davison (rdavison@xtra.co.nz)<BR>
Date    : 01/08/96<BR>
Status  : Release 1<BR>
</AU>

<P>
Message Index<BR>


<UL>
<TT>

<LI><A HREF="#whos">Message_WhosAbout0x83484</A>
<LI><A HREF="#im">Message_ImHere0x83485</A>
<LI><A HREF="#do">Message_DoYourStuff0x83486</A>
<LI><A HREF="#desel">Message_Deselect0x83487</A>
<LI><A HREF="#done">Message_DoneMyStuff0x83488</A>
<LI><A HREF="#changed">Message_Changed0x8348A</A>
<LI><A HREF="#resize">Message_ResizeRequest0x8348B</A>
<LI><A HREF="#update">Message_UpdateArea0x8348C</A>
<LI><A HREF="#resizeack">Message_ResizeAck0x8348D</A>
<LI><A HREF="#misc">Message_MiscOp0x8348E</A>
<LI><A HREF="#info">Message_Info0x8348F</A>
<LI><A HREF="#pos">Message_ObjectPosition0x83490</A>
<LI><A HREF="#hook">Message_HookMe0x83491</A>
<LI><A HREF="#unhook">Message_UnhookMe0x83492</A>


</UL>
</TT>

<P>


<B>
Notes:
</B>
<P>


Filetype is divided into two fields with this format:

<PRE>

           b 0-12 RISC OS filetype
           b13-31 reserved - zero.

</PRE>

<P>

On reading, please mask bits 13-31 out before checking the filetype.
<P>

Strings are null terminated but supporting applications should accept Ctrl.
terminated (ASCII 0-31).<P>


'Address of base' is the beginning of the data structure which contains the object.<P>
'Offset to object' is the offset from the Address of base to the object-of-interest
<P>

For example, the 'Offset to object' of a sprite is the offset to the sprite
itself (base!8 for the first sprite in a sprite area). The 'Address of base'
is the address of the sprite area in which the sprite resides. For objects
where the offset has no meaning the offset to the object must be zero.

<P>

The PCA references objects using 'tags'. Each tag is usually 16 bytes in length
and its format is defined thus:<P>
<PRE>
tag+0  = Address of base. (anchor)
tag+4  = Offset to object from base.
tag+8  = Length of object. (if applicable - see note below)
tag+12 = Extension size and flags
               b0-15 These bits are to provide for expansion of the size of a
               tag by up to 65532 bytes. Typically, this is for app. or object
               specific data. This document specifies two extensions to show
               you how it's done. Details below.

               b16-31 (reserved, set to zero)
</PRE>

The first two values in a tag are most important as they are pointers to the
address of the object and the base of the data structure containing it.
Remote tasks must <B>*always*</B> reference an object by reading these values.
Generally speaking, Remote tasks can usually trust the address and offset
until the next Wimp_Poll but if in doubt, re-read it from the tag. The Local
task has the responsibility of creating the object's tag when the object
joins the PCA system, updating the relevant fields in the tag if the object
is moved or resized and discarding the tag when it is sure it is no longer
needed. Tags must themselves be in a common memory area and they <em>must
not move</em> during the lifetime of the object in the PCA system. Clares
provide a small module called 'PCASupport' which may be freely distributed
by registered PCA developers to facilitate the creation of PCA tags for
applications which do not want to create tags themselves.

<p>

Notes:<p>

Many objects store their length within the object data structure itself and
in that case you <b>must</b> use the value stored within the object's data
instead of relying on the length field in the tag. It is intended for object
types which include no record of their size (text for example).

<P>

Tag extensions must adhere to the following standard:
<pre>
tag+12.b0-15   = (bytes required+4). Multiples of 4 bytes only.
tag+16           extension id. Types 0-&fff are reserved for Clares PCA.
                 Other values are allocated in line with SWI/Message
                 chunk numbers for application developers.
(extended data dependant on tag id)
</pre>

To give an example of a tag extension we define two tag extensions which may
be used with PCA text objects.

<p>

<pre>

Simple text object
------------------
tag+12 8
tag+16 &FFF
tag+20 length of buffer allocated to object
       (ie the remote task can extend the size of the text (as given at tag+8)
       until its size reaches tag+20 bytes before calling Message_Resize.

Edited text object
------------------
tag+12 16
tag+16 &FFE
tag+20 length of buffer for first chunk
tag+24 offset to rest of text from object base
tag+28 length of rest of text
</pre>

Edited text objects are split into two separate parts, the pointer to base
at the beginning of the tag, points to the start of the first chunk of text,
the offset to object points to the end of this chunk of text (= the caret
position) while the values at tag+24 and tag+28 point to the rest of the
text. Suitable manipulation of these values should allow a text editor to
work with PCA. <em>Note:</em> this has not been tested with any code -
any comments please contact the author of PCA.

<p>

The tag extension system is potentially very powerful but please do not
abuse it. If everyone who ever writes a PCA program creates a tag extension
for their own object format then chaos will reign and the PCA system will
become useless. (Anyone questioning this is invited to use the specification
document for the TIFF file format as bedside reading - a perfect example of
a tagged file format gone wrong). In general, the basic tag structure or the
'pca text' extension defined above will do for most data types. If you
really feel you have to create your own extension then please double check
with Clares that a suitable extension does not already exist. The extension
should then be defined in the format given above and the information sent to
Clares for distribution to the PCA community.

<p>

On receipt of a PCA message you should decide if the message refers to one
of your objects (either a local one you created yourself or a remote object
which you are editing). You do this by comparing the object's tag address,
passed in the message, with a local array of tags that you know about. Get into
the habit of doing it this way (rather than comparing the tag's address
fields with your own data structures) as one message, <A
HREF="#desel">Message_Deselect</A> may pass a tag address which no longer
actually contains valid data (the object itself having been deleted). See
its entry for details.

<p>

In the following documentation '<I>Local</I>' is the 'owning task' being the
task to which the object is 'local'. This task created the object and its
PCA tag. It knows how to resize and how to delete the object.

<P>

'<I>Remote</I>' is the 'utility' task - the one which modifies an object for
the 'local' or owning task.
<P>

Please note which messages are to be broadcast and which are sent
task-to-task. The correct functioning of the system depends on the correct
usage.
<P>

<h3><A NAME="summary">PCA Message Summary</A></h3><BR>

This is intended to give the programmer an overview of what goes on in a typical
PCA session. It ignores many of the finer points of the protocol.

<p>

1. Local task broadcasts Message_WhosAbout for a selected object.<BR>
2. Remote tasks examine message data and respond with Message_ImHere.<BR>
3. Local task, in response to users choice of Remote sends Message_DoYourStuff.<BR>
4. (if doing inplace editing) Remote task, on receipt of DoYourStuff  sends Message_HookMe.<BR>
5. (repeated) Remote and Local tasks broadcast Message_UpdateArea if the user changes the object.<BR>
6. Remote task sends Message_Unhook when user closes window/toolbar onto object.<BR>
7. Local task broadcasts Message_Deselect if user deletes object/quits program.<BR>

The variable names used in the example BASIC program are included after the
message number.

<P>



<STRONG><A NAME="whos">
Message_WhosAbout
</A> (&83484) </STRONG> (Msg_Whos%)<P>


Broadcast by Local task when opening Utility sub-menu/popup (see the section
on user interface). 

<P>

The block pointed to by R1 contains:<P>
<PRE>
R1+20   filetype of object
R1+24   address of object tag
R1+28   reserved - 0
</PRE>

<P>


Receiving remote tasks should respond with <A HREF="#im">Message_ImHere</A>
as defined below if the filetype is 'interesting'. You can examine the data
in the tag at R1+24 if the filetype alone does not suffice (for example, a
program which can only edit 32bpp sprites should examine the sprite type
word at !(R1+24)+(R1+24)!4) +40 (ie tag address field+offset to object
field)+40 before sending <A HREF="#im">Message_ImHere</A>).

<P>

<STRONG><A NAME="im">
Message_ImHere
</A> (&83485) (Msg_Im%) </STRONG><P>


Sent by Remote task to Local task. Local records the data passed for later
use in creating a dialogue box or menu.

<P>


The block pointed to by R1 contains:<P>
<PRE>
R1+20
        bits 0-7 flags:
                b0 Spritename supplied
                b1 Info available
                b2 Reserved - 0
                b3 Tool wants to 'own' the object
                b4 Tool wants In place editing
                b5-7 Reserved - 0
                b8-31 Reserved - 0

R1+24           Tool id.
R1+28           String. Menu entry/Function name (eg. Contrast...).
                Length limited to 31chars+terminator.
R1+60           String. Name of sprite in wimp sprite pool
                (if b0 of R1+20 is set)


<P>
</PRE>
</P>

The tool id is intended for remote tasks which provide more than one
utility. It is returned to the task with <A
HREF="#do">Message_DoYourStuff</A>.

<P>
Flags:<P>

<PRE>
b0      indicates to the recipient that there is a sprite name at R1+60
        - the sprite is stored in the Wimp sprite pool and should be
        used when rendering the popup dialogue box.<P>

b1      indicates that the tool can provide a response
        to <A HREF="#info">Message_Info</A>.

b2      Reserved - 0

b3      indicates that the tool wants to 'own' the object.
        Local task should send Msg_Deselect for the object
        before sending <A HREF="#do">Message_DoYourStuff</A> if this bit is
        set. Do not set this bit unless you have to as it
        will prevent other remote tasks from sharing the
        object at the same time. It should only be set when
        the remote task wants to 'take over' the object completely.

        - such as Composition taking over a 32bpp sprite
        for use as a canvas.

b4      This bit is designed to allow for real 'in place editing'
        operations. Because of the amount of code necessary
        at the local end to handle this it has been defined
        as an optional part of the standard.
</PRE>
       
<P>
Local applications which do not support in place editing should clear bit 4
of the flags word and send that with DoYourStuff. On receipt, the remote
application should check if bit 4 is still set and if not open a remote
window onto the object.

<P>


Notes: In early versions of this standard bits 28-31 of the flags word had
another use. This data has been moved to <A HREF="#hook">Message_HookMe.</A>
Please see below.

<P>


<STRONG>
<A NAME="do">
Message_DoYourStuff
</A> (&83486) (Msg_Do%)
</STRONG>
<P>

The block pointed to by R1 contains:<P>

<PRE>
R1+20   Filetype of object
R1+24   Address of object tag
R1+28   reserved - 0
R1+32   Tool id
R1+36   Tool flags word
R1+40   String. Name of object or null (&0)
</PRE>
<P>

Sent by Local task to remote task depending on entry selected in Utilities
sub-menu/dialogue. Remote task should record the tag address and open its
window (or just its toolbar if bit 4 of the flags word is set). 

<P>

<B>
Notes:
</B><P>

If the Remote task set bit 4 of the flags word in <A
HREF="#im">Message_ImHere</A> when replying to <A
HREF="#whos">Message_WhosAbout</A> it should check that this bit is still
set now. If it has been cleared then the Local task cannot handle remote
messaging and the Remote task must open a separate window onto the object.
<P>

If bit 4 is still set it means that the local task is willing to participate
in an in-place editing session. In this case the Remote task should simply
open its toolbar and send <A HREF="#hook">Message_HookMe</A> to the Local
task to ask it to intercept mouse button and other Wimp events. Receipt of
this message will also cause the Local task to send <A
HREF="#pos">Message_ObjectPosition</A> to move the remote tasks toolbar to
the correct position. 

<P>

Nothing about the standard prevents the object changing type (eg from sprite
to Drawfile) between <A HREF="#whos">Message_WhosAbout</A> and this message.
On receipt of this message the Remote task must therefore check the filetype
field and as much of the object's data structure as necessary to ensure that
it can edit the object and delink/ignore the message quietly if the type is
not to its liking. This allows the Local task to 'move' a remote task to
different objects cleanly.

<P>


Before sending Message_DoYourStuff with bit 4 set the local task should
broadcast <A HREF="#unhook">Message_UnhookMe</A> to prevent more than one
remote task attempting to do in-place editing at once.

<p> 

Before sending Message_DoYourStuff with bit 3 set the local task should
broadcast <A HREF="#desel">Message_Deselect</A> as the remote task in
question wants to 'own' the object.

<P>

<STRONG>
<A NAME="desel">
Message_Deselect
</A> (&83487) (Msg_Desel%)
</STRONG>
<P>

Broadcast by Local task when the object has been deleted.
<P>

The block pointed to by R1 contains:<P>

<PRE>
R1+20   Filetype of object.
R1+24   Address of object tag
</PRE>
<P>

All Tasks interested in the object should close their window/abandon their
operations as the object in question has been removed from the PCA system
(usually because it has been deleted). Local tasks <b>must</b> generate this
message when deleting an object, quitting etc. or remote tasks using the
object will crash. If the Local task is using PCASupport for tag generation
it should call SWI PCA_DeleteAndKill which will delete the tag and send this
message in one operation but <b>only</b> when the object really is being
deleted.<p> Note: This implies that the remote task, on receipt of this
message <b>cannot</b> rely on more than the tag address as a key to the
object. It _cannot_ access the object data via the tag passed as SWI
PCA_DeleteTag has already been called (the address fields within the tag
will contain -1 and the object data itself may well have been discarded).
This is unavoidable without a two message (Message/Ack) deselection system
which would be more difficuilt for tasks to handle. Especially (as is often
the case) if the local task is about to quit.


<P>


<STRONG>
<A NAME="done">
Message_DoneMyStuff
</A> (&83488) (Msg_Done%)
</STRONG>
<P>

Broadcast by a task when it has modified the object. All tasks accessing the
object other than the originator of the message should recognise this
message and redraw the object.

<P>

The block pointed to by R1 contains:<P>
<PRE>
R1+20   0
R1+24   Address of object tag

</PRE><P>

Use this message for 'whole object changed' operations which do not involve
changes to the object's basic structure (Eg. image filter of sprite).

<P>

Note: Recepit of this message by the Local task should
not be taken as an indication that the remote task is no longer interested
in it. That is what <A HREF="#unhook">Message_UnhookMe</A> is for.

<p>

<STRONG>
<A NAME="changed">
Message_Changed
</A> (&8348A) (Msg_Changed%)
</STRONG>
<P>

Broadcast by Local or Remote task when the object has changed (either in
size or its details). Task should act as if it had got a new DoYourStuff
message.

<P>

Broadcast by Remote task after it has changed the object's size. Local and
other interested Remote tasks will re-read the object's details and redraw
the object.<P>


The block pointed to by R1 contains:<P>

<PRE>
R1+20   Filetype of object
R1+24   Address of object tag
R1+28   reserved - 0
R1+32   String. New name of object or zero for no change.

</PRE><P>

Note: Nothing about the standard prevents the object changing type (eg from
sprite to Drawfile). On receipt of this message please check the filetype
field as well as all necessary aspects of the object's data structure. If
the object is not to a Remote task's liking it should send Message_UnHook and
delink quietly.


<P>

<STRONG>
<A NAME="resize">
Message_ResizeRequest
</A>  (&8348B) (Msg_Resize%)
</STRONG><P>


Sent by Remote task to Local (task handle in R1+4 of DoYourStuff message).
If the Local task fails to deal successfully it will claim the message.

<P>


The block pointed to by R1 contains:<P>
<PRE>
R1+20   0
R1+24   Address of object tag
R1+28   reserved - 0
R1+32   New size. Total size of object structure
        (including header, offset to base etc.) if flags b1
        clear otherwise new size of object itself.
R1+36   Flags
               b0 set 'Resize associated objects as well'
               b1 set 'New Size is for object alone - does not include header.'
</PRE>
<P>

If the Local task succeeds then it will send <A
HREF="#resizeack">Message_ResizeAck</A> (basically, copy R1+8 to R1+12, put
Message ResizeAck into R1+16, update R1+32 and return to sender). On receipt
of ResizeAck message the sender of ResizeRequest should modify the object
appropriately (for example, adding rows/columns to a sprite).

<P>

<B>
Notes:
</B><P>

You must be prepared for the resize request to fail in which case it is the
responsibility of the Local task to report to the user and the Remote task
to continue safely.

<P>


If the ResizeAck message returns to a Remote task you must check that the
field in R1+12 is equal to the MyRef generated by the Resize message you
sent to ensure that the ResizeAck is for the object you have requested be
resized. If it is, ensure that the object is in a renderable state before
the next Wimp_Poll by updating the relevant parts of the object's internal
data structure.

<P>


The local task's only modification to the data after a Resize is to write new
size fields where appropriate and to update the object's tag address fields
if the object moves. For sprites the new total area size should be written
into 'Base of data'+0 - it does not know what the Remote task is going to do
with the sprite and therefore cannot make any other modifications to the
data.

<P>

For data types which do not store size within their data structure then the
length field of the tag should also be modified (along with the address
fields if the object has to be moved).

<P>

After modifying the object the Remote task must broadcast <A
HREF="#changed">Message_Changed</A>.

<P>

Composition will read bit zero of the flags word. If this bit is set, it will
resize masks associated with the sprite in question as well. The amount by
which masks will be resized is calculated from the resize-request for
the sprite itself. Other applications can ignore or act on this bit as they
wish. The task which requested the resize must be able to handle either
action.

<P>
Bit one of the flags word is intended to facilitate the resizing of paths
in Drawfiles and similar data structures under the PCA though no code has been
written to do this yet.
<p>

<H3>
Resize Summary

</H3><P>

This is what you do to change the size of an object you are editing:<P>

<em>From a Remote task's point of view:</em><P>

Send <A HREF="#resize">Message_ResizeRequest</A> and keep myref generated
>from the message. On receipt of ResizeAck check myref, modify object data
and broadcast <A HREF="#changed">Message_Changed</A>.

<P>

<em>From the Local task's point of view:</em><P>

On receipt of <A HREF="#resize">Message_ResizeRequest</A> resize object if
possible, update the objects tag anchors and send ResizeAck otherwise claim
the message and report an error to user.

<P>

<em>Both Remote and Local tasks:</em><P>

On receipt of <A HREF="#changed">Message_Changed</A> re-read the object
header as if it was newly created and redraw the entire object. (You may
need to regenerate an area of your window the size of the old object -
remember the new object may occupy less screen area).


<P>
<em>Resize speed issues</em>
<P>

When the object being resized is very large, VM (Virtual Memory)is being
used, or the resize requests are frequent, there may be a performance issue.
In such situations the Local task should consider moving the object to the
top of its data storage area to prevent repeated memory moving operations.
In applications where many small resize requests are likely then consider
employing a tag extension system similar to the one defined above for text
files to reduce the frequency of the resize requests. 

 <P>

<STRONG>
<A NAME="update">
Message_UpdateArea
</A>  (&8348C) (Msg_Uparea%)
</STRONG><P>


Broadcast by task when it has modified part of an object. Apps interested in
the object should redraw the appropriate area of the object as quickly as
possible if they have a window onto the object open.

<P>

The block pointed to by R1 contains:<P>
<PRE>
R1+20   Format of subsequent data (0)
R1+24   Address of object tag
R1+28   Xlow  (OS units at 1:1 scale)
R1+32   Ylow  (OS units at 1:1 scale)
R1+36   Xhi   (OS units at 1:1 scale)
R1+40   Yhi   (OS units at 1:1 scale)
</PRE><P>

where coordinates are relative to the bottom left of the object.
<P>

Currently this is the only format supported by code (working with bitmap
sprites). 

<P>

Other proposed formats are as follows:
<P>

<PRE>
R1+20   Format of subsequent data (1)
R1+24   Address of object tag
R1+28   Xlow (Draw units = OS units &lt;&lt;8)
R1+32   Ylow (Draw units = OS units &lt;&lt;8)
R1+36   Xhi  (Draw units = OS units &lt;&lt;8)
R1+40   Yhi  (Draw units = OS units &lt;&lt;8)
</PRE>
<P>

where coordinates are relative to the bottom left of the object.
<P>

<PRE>
R1+20   Format of subsequent data (2)
R1+24   Address of object tag
R1+28   Xlow (Draw units = OS units &lt;&lt;8)
R1+32   Ylow (Draw units = OS units &lt;&lt;8)
R1+36   Xhi  (Draw units = OS units &lt;&lt;8)
R1+40   Yhi  (Draw units = OS units &lt;&lt;8)
</PRE>
<P>

where coordinates are relative to the top left of the object.

<P>                                                         

If you have anyother suggestions please contact Clares or the author.

<p>


<STRONG>
<A NAME="resizeack">
Message_ResizeAck
</A> (&8348D)  (Msg_ResizeAck%)
</STRONG>
<P>

Sent by Local task when a resize request has succeeded. On receipt by a
Remote task, check that R1+12 is the myref generated from <A
HREF="#resize">Message_ResizeRequest</A> before modifying the object data
structure and broadcasting <A HREF="#changed">Message_Changed</A>.

<P>


The block pointed to by R1 contains:

<P>

<PRE>
R1+20   reserved - 0
R1+24   Address of object tag
R1+28   reserved - 0
R1+32   New size allocated to object
R1+36   Flags

</PRE><P>


<STRONG>
<A NAME="misc">
Message_MiscOp
</A>(&8348E)  (Msg_Misc%)
</STRONG>
<P>

This message is designed to provide a private interface option for PCA
programs without them having to request other message allocations from
Acorn.

<P>


The block pointed to by R1 contains:<P>

<PRE>
R1+20   Sub-reason code
</PRE>
<P>

- other data dependant on sub-reason code.<P>

The sub-reason codes available to application developers are allocated in
line with SWI and Message blocks - if you have one of these then those
values may be used by your programs. Where appropriate, please make details
of your messages available to the PCA community by sending them to Clares
for distribution.

<P>

Currently, only two sub-reasons are defined for use with Composition. The
current format of these is given below but is subject to change. Please
contact Clares before releasing programs which rely on it:

<P>


        <STRONG>
SubReason_GiveAssociatedData (&83480)
</STRONG>
<P>

        Broadcast by remote plug-in when it would like to know more about the object.
<P>

        The block pointed to by R1 contains:<P>
<PRE>
        R1+24   Address of object tag
</PRE>


        <STRONG>
SubReason_AssociatedDataCompo  (&83481)
</STRONG><P>


        Sent by Compo to Remote which broadcast GiveAssociatedData containing a tag pointing to a Compo object.
<P>

        The block pointed to by R1 contains:<P>
<PRE>
        R1+24   Address of object tag
        R1+28   reserved - 0
        R1+32   two eight bit and one sixteen bit fields
                bits 0-7     Masks in use by object
                bits 8-15    Format of subsequent data (zero)
                bits 16-31   Reserved
        R1+36   Reserved (0)
        R1+40   Blend mask address or zero    = no Blend mask
        R1+44   Tint mask address or zero     = no Tint mask
        R1+48   Curve mask address or zero    = no Curve mask
        R1+52   Displace mask address or zero = no Displace mask
        R1+56   Shadow mask address or zero   = no Shadow mask
        R1+60   Reserved
        R1+64   Reserved
        R1+68   Opacity of object (65536=solid 0=transparent)
        R1+72   Math type in use for object

</PRE><P>

Notes: The 'mask address' passed is the address of the base of a sprite area
containing one eight bit greyscale sprite (at address+address!8). The size
of a mask should not be assumed to be the same as that of the object - read
it from the mask sprite data or use OS_SpriteOp to extract it. 

<P>

The data returned by this message is fragile - re-read whenever you want to
make use of it.

<P>


<STRONG>

<A NAME="info">
Message_Info
</A> (&8348F) (Msg_Info%)
</STRONG><P>


Sent by Local to Remote application when the info button in the pop-up is clicked.
<P>

The block pointed to by R1 contains:<P>

<PRE>
R1+20   0
</PRE>
<P>

Remote application should write a suitable info string into +20, change the
message size and return the message to the sender.

<P>

Example info strings:<BR>

"Image Filter. No image linked at the moment."<BR>

"Image Filter. Image 'Face' linked at the moment."<BR>

<P>


<STRONG>
<A NAME="pos">
Message_ObjectPosition
</A>  (&83490) (Msg_ObjPos%)
</STRONG>
<P>

This message is generated by the Local application after receipt of <A
HREF="#hook">Message_HookMe</A>, object repositioning operations and window
open operations, if the Local application supports 'in-place editing'.<P>


The block pointed to by R1 contains:

<P>

<PRE>
R1+20   0
R1+24   Address of object tag
R1+28   Y scale of object in Local window (65536=1:1 or 100%)
R1+32   Xlow of object on screen in 'Local' window. (limited to visible area)
R1+36   Ylow of object on screen in 'Local' window. (limited to visible area)
R1+40   Handle of 'Local' window.
R1+44   Handle of Local windows toolbar window (or -1 if no toolbar)
R1+48   X scale factor of object in Local window (16.16 format eg 65536=1:1 or 100%)
R1+52   Xlow of object on screen in Local window. (unlimited)
R1+56   Ylow of object on screen in Local window. (unlimited)

</PRE><P>
On receipt, the Remote task should open its toolbar/infobar relative to the
positions in R1+32 and R1+36 behind the window handle at R1+44. The
coordinates passed in R1+32 and R1+36 should be limited to the windows
visible area (by the Local task) while those at +52 and +56 should not.

<P>

The information at R1+28 and R1+48 onwards is for use by the Remote task
during mouse click operations on the object. To convert mouse coordinates
read directly it should subtract the values at R1+52,R1+56 from the raw
mousex and mousey coordinates, and then scale them by the factors in
R1+28 and R1+48.
<P>
The X and Y scale factors are in 16.16 format. To convert a scale factor
into this format, multiply by 1 &lt;&lt; 16. For example, 100% = a scale factor of
one and is therefore (1 &lt;&lt; 16) * 1 which is 65536 or &10000. 150% = a scale
factor of 1.5 and is therefore (1 &lt;&lt; 16) * 1.5 which is 98304 or &18000.

<p>

See the remote painting code (DEFPROCremote_win) in !Spaint for a practical
example of what you should do.

<P>

<STRONG>
<A NAME="hook">
Message_HookMe
</A>  (&83491)  (Msg_Hook%)

</STRONG><P>


This message is sent by the Remote task to the Local task. It indicates to
the Local task that it should begin intercepting mouse button and other Wimp
events to the object and send them to the Remote task. On receipt, the Local
task should create a trap icon over the object (using the button type in
r1+28) and send Message_ObjectPosition. 

<P>


The block pointed to by R1 contains:<P>

<PRE>
R1+20   0
R1+24   Address of object tag
R1+28   bits 0-27 Flags - reserved and set to zero.
        bits 28-31 Window 'work area' button type to use for trap icon.
R1+32   Window handle
R1+36   String. indirection string for icon or Null (&0)
</PRE>
<P>

To make life easier for the remote task the Local task should also take note
of the window handle at R1+32 and insert that value into the window handle
field when passing on Wimp messages. This allows the remote task to use much
of the same code to deal with remotely generated messages and messages to
their own window.

<P>

The optional indirection string at R1+36 is intended to allow for adding a
mouse pointer change when entering in-place edited objects. Take care with
this string as certain settings can disrupt the Local task's message
trapping. This extension is optional. Some local tasks may not support it so
do not rely on it. 

<p>

If the remote task is already editing an object in-place (and it is going to
replace it) then it should send Message_Unhook to the local task previously
being worked with so that it deletes its trap icon. 

<P>

Please see the section below on In-place editing for details of the best
method of trapping messages and the alterations which should be made before
forwarding them.

<P>

<STRONG>
<A NAME="unhook">
Message_UnhookMe
</A> (&83492)  (Msg_Unhook%)

</STRONG><P>

This message is sent by a remote task to the Local task (or local to remote)
when it wants to 'unhook' from the object.

<P>

The block pointed to by R1 contains:<P>

<PRE>
R1+20   0
R1+24   Address of object tag
R1+28   reserved  - 0
R1+32   Window handle
R1+36   Unhook 'type'

</PRE><P>

This message should be used by a Remote task to indicate its lack of
interest in an object. After sending this message the Remote task should
forget any references to the object and close its toolbar and/or window.

<P>

Little action need be taken at the Local end on receipt of this message
unless 'Inplace editing' is going on between the tasks in which case it
should remove the traps on Button click messages etc for the object. If the
Local task wishes to be efficient in its generation of PCA messages then it
should keep a counter for each object in the PCA system, increase the
counter on each call to Message_DoYourStuff and decrease it on each receipt
of Message_UnHook. Then PCA messages need only be generated in response to
changes made by the Local task if the objects counter is greater than zero.
When the counter reaches zero the Local task should broadcast Message_Deselect
as a saftey measure to ensure that all Remote tasks stop using the object.

<P>

The 'unhook type' at R1+36 currently has two defined values:
<P>

<PRE>
R1+36   0 'Unhook' is temporary
          (used by Compo to support the 'Track selected'
          preference option)
R1+36   1 'Unhook' is permanent - forget about this PCA.
</PRE><P>


All values other than zero should currently be treated as 'permanent'.<P>
<P>
<A HREF="#top">Return to Contents</A>
<HR>

<H1><A NAME="remote">PCA In-place editing specification</A></H1><P>
<AU>

Author  : Rob Davison (rdavison@xtra.co.nz)<BR>

Date    : 15/08/96<BR>

Status  : Release 1<BR>


</AU>

<H2>
Introduction
</H2>

<P>

The aim of this section is to define the work necessary for applications to
support 'in-place' editing (applications working on an object within another
application's window) within the framework supplied by the PCA itself.

<P>

This feature is an optional part of the PCA specification. All remote tasks
must be able to operate according to the normal PCA specification (open
their own window onto the object) if the Local task in question does not
support in-place editing. Even if the Local task does support this, it is
wise for the remote task to give the user the option of switching to
external editing as in-place editing has its disadvantages as well as
advantages. (The principal disadvantage being that
only one in-place editing session per object can be undertaken at a time,
for obvious reasons).

<P>


<B>
Local task

</B><P>
The greatest amount of work is down to the 'Local' or object-owning application.
<P>

After invoking a remote task with the PCA message DoYourStuff when bit 4 of
the flags word is set, it must expect receipt of <A
HREF="#hook">Message_HookMe</A> from the remote task. When it gets this
message it should create a transparent icon in its window which completely
covers the object and send <A HREF="#pos">Message_ObjectPosition</A>.

<P>

The button type of this icon should be taken from bits 28-31 of the flags
word as sent by <A HREF="#hook">Message_HookMe</A> and the indirection
string (if supported) from R1+36

<P>

Then, on receipt of the following standard Wimp messages the Local task must
check to see if the message refers to an icon covering the object, and if it
is, modify the message block and pass the message to the remote task using
Wimp_SendMessage.
<P>

Doing this effectively cuts a 'hole' in the window where the object is.
Messages into that region get shunted to the Remote task and are ignored by
the Local task.
<P>

<H3>
Details of the modifications:

</H3><P>

<B>
6. Button_Click
</B><P>

xposition and yposition should be made relative to the object's bottom left.
Window handle must be set to the one supplied in <A
HREF="#hook">Message_HookMe</A>. Icon handle must be set to the special
value -&414350 (-"PCA")

<P>

??? Other messages ???<BR>
??? Which to support and how to modify them ???<BR>
??? Advise us if you have any suggestions ???
<P>

On receipt of Message_OpenWindow for the window in which the object resides
the Local task must send <A HREF="#pos">Message_ObjectPosition</A> to the
remote task so that it can open its toolbar at an appropriate place.

<P>

Also, any actions which cause the position or size of the remotely linked
object to change must resize and reposition the icon created above and send
<A HREF="#pos">Message_ObjectPosition</A> again.

<P>

On receipt of <A HREF="#unhook">Message_UnhookMe</A> it must delete the icon
covering the object and carry out any other work necessary to restore normal
access to the object. The same action should obviously also be undertaken if
the object is deleted.

<P>
<B>Remote Task</B>
<P>

On receipt of <A HREF="#pos">Message_ObjectPosition</A> the remote task must
open its toolbar at an appropriate position calculated from the data
contained in the message.

<P>

This toolbar must contain at least one icon which, when clicked on, sends <A
HREF="#unhook">Message_UnhookMe</A> to the local task, removes any
references it has to the object and closes the toolbar. Model the appearance
of this icon on the window close icon and position the icon at the far left
horizontal toolbars or at the top left of vertical toolbars.

<P>

On receipt of<A HREF="#do"> Message_Do</A>/<A
HREF="#changed">Message_Changed</A> the remote task must check to see if
In-place editing is on (b4 of flags in Message_Do) and, if so, send <A
HREF="#hook">Message_HookMe</A> rather than opening its own window onto the
object.

<P>

On receipt of ButtonClick messages (apparently) to its main window the
remote task should check the icon handle and if it is equal to -&414350
treat the coordinates passed in the ButtonClick block as 'corrected' for the
position of its window, scrollbars etc as the coordinates are already
relative to the objects bottom left. Modify the object data as appropriate
and generate <A HREF="#update">Message_UpdateArea</A> as with standard PCA
practice.

<P>

You should be able to use the same code for remote and local actions just do
not convert pointer coordinates to be relative to your main window and do
not redraw your main window (it should be closed anyway).

<P>

Note: For 'painting' or 'dragging' type actions it is sometimes wise to set
the remote button type (in Message_HookMe) to Click and to do a tight
repeating 'loop' around your redraw/paint code, reading the mouse pointer
information directly until the button click stops. In this situation the
Remote task should make use of the information in the last
Message_ObjectPosition it receieved to work out the visible size and
position of the object in the Local task's window (see the !Spaint example).

<P>

<A HREF="#top">Return to Contents</A>
<HR>

<H1>
<A NAME="interface">
PCA User Interface specifications
</A>

</H1><AU>
Author  : Rob Davison (rdavison@xtra.co.nz)<BR>

Date    : 15/08/96<BR>

Status  : Release 1<BR>

</AU>
<P>

This documents the suggested user-interface and general message handling
requirements for applications on both sides of the PCA protocol. You should
note that it is possible for applications to implement either or both sides
of the protocol.

<P>

<H3>
Local application

</H3>
The local application must poll the PCA system with <A
HREF="#whos">Message_WhosAbout</A> and present that information to the user.
It is recommended that you provide several methods of doing this:

<P>

<H3>
Invoking the protocol

</H3>
Invoking the protocol scans the active tasks and presents a list of the
available utilities. This list can be presented in two ways; as a simple
RISC OS menu or as a graphical 'pop-up' window. You should support both
methods in your applications by providing a preferences option to the user.

<P>


To invoke the popup Ctrl-Shift-Double Click is recommended. If that shortcut
is not free another combination is acceptable, preferably related in some
way to the Ctrl-Double click Acorn OLE-1 standard.

<P>

In addition, add the PCA to your menu structure. The sub-menu item
"Utilities >" is appropriate.

<P>

Another alternative is to add a button to your toolbar to invoke the protocol.
<P>
<CENTER>
<IMG SRC="GRAPHICS/POPUP.gif" WIDTH=511 HEIGHT=253>
</CENTER>
<P>


<CENTER>
<B>
A typical PCA popup dialogue. All measurements in OS units

</B>
</CENTER>
<P>

The width of this dialogue should be set to the width of the longest tool
name returned in the <A HREF="#im">Message_ImHere</A> messages (which may be
found on the RiscPC using SWI Wimp_TextOp). Add 220 OS-units to the width of
all items to allow for the Tool icon and Info buttons. The height of each
item is fixed at 96 OS-units.

<P>

The tool icon is present in the Wimp sprite pool and is usually the PCA
applications icon. Applications which provide multiple 'tools' can register
more than once, passing a unique 'toolnumber' with <A
HREF="#im">Message_ImHere</A>.

<P>


The popup should be opened such that the pointer is centred over the top
tool name and as a menu so it automatically closes on any mouse access
outside it. If there are more than five PCAs available the popup dialogue
should be given a vertical scrollbar and the initial size limited to five
items. For a more detailed example, see the PCA version of Composition or
the dialogue creation and redraw code in !Spaint.

<P>

<B>Other options</B>
<P>

Several other options may be offered to the user by a Local task. Which are
practical depends on the application in question but the following may be
appropriate for a task which supports both sides of the protocol:

<P>

<CENTER>
<IMG SRC="GRAPHICS/prefs.gif" ALT="Preferences" WIDTH=382 HEIGHT=161 ALIGN="MIDDLE">
</CENTER>
<P>

The display radio buttons allow the user to choose the form of popup which
will be presented to the user. Menus are simpler and take up less desktop
space. Dialogue boxes look better and provide more information.

<P>

The In-place editing option should be provided by a Remote task. If no
objects are being edited then toggling this option simply prevents or allows
bit 4 of the flags word to be set in subsequent <A
HREF="#im">Message_ImHere</A> messages generated. If an object is being
edited in-place when this option is toggled the Remote task should switch
between in-place and remote operation on that object as the option is
toggled.

<P>

The 'Follow selected' option is provided by a Local task and, when on, the
last task sent a <A HREF="#do">Message_DoYourStuff</A> is automatically sent
a new <A HREF="#do">Message_DoYourStuff</A> every time the 'selected object'
changes. Obviously this option only has validity when there is a concept of
the 'selected object'.

<P>


<A HREF="#top">Return to Contents</A>
<HR>

<H1>
<A NAME="swis">
PCA support module SWIs
</A>
</H1>

Module  : PCASupport<P>
Version : 0.07 (12 August 1996)<P>
Chunk   : &4D6C0

<P>
<P>

The PCA support module is designed to facilitate the creation of PCA style
'tags' in an area of shared memory. At a future date other useful PCA
related SWIs (eg. colaescing update area rectangles) may be added. In the
meantime the following SWIs are provided.

<p>

<pre>
<STRONG>SWI PCA_CreateTag</STRONG>
on entry -

r1 = address of base
r2 = Offset to object
r3 = size of object (optional)
r4 = flags/extension data (not in this version.)

on exit -

r0 = address of tag
(r1-r4 are written into the tag as initial values.)
All other registers preserved.


Errors returnable:

"This version of the PCA support module cannot create extended tags."
Produced if bits set in R4 (b0-15).

"This version does not resize the tag block on old hardware. (too many tags)."
Produced on pre-RPC hardware if more than 2048 tags are in use.


</pre><p>

<b>NOTE:</b> PCASupport relies on the first value of a valid tag not being
&FFFFFFFF (-1). NEVER write this value into the base field of the tag as the
next call to PCA_CreateTag will probably map your tag to another object -
causing chaos.

<p>
<pre>

<STRONG>SWI PCA_DeleteTag</STRONG>
on entry -

R0 = ptr to tag

on exit all registers preserved.

Errors returnable:
"Bad tag passed to PCASupport."


<STRONG>SWI PCA_DeleteAndKill</STRONG>
on entry -

R0 = ptr to tag
R1 = filetype of object

on exit all registers preserved.

</pre>

As well as the functionality of the above SWI this also broadcasts
Message_Deselect for you.

<P>


<A HREF="#top">Return to Contents</A>
<HR>



<H1>
<A NAME="licence">
Licence conditions
</A>

</H1>
<P>



You are invited to add the PCA standard to your programs and to create PCA
'applets'. However, before publishing or distributing (in any form) a program
which makes use of the PCA standard you must first obtain a licence to do so
>from Clares Micro Supplies.
<P>

The licence is currently free of charge and early adopters will be guaranteed
that the license will remain free for a minimum of five years. We do not
have any plans to charge for a license but we do not want to preclude the
possibility at a later date - well would you ?<br>

<P>
PD Authors : We gurantee that your license will *always* be free.<p>

<P>

Licensing the PCA standard allows us to keep track of who is using it,
inform them of changes to the standard and provide support in the case of a
problem.

<P>


<B>
PCA Logo
</B>
<P>

The PCA logo may be used by licensed PCA developers to indicate PCA
compliancy. Licensed developers must not use the logo to suggest any Clares
approval or branding for their products.

<B><P>

<A NAME="contacts">
Contacts
</A>

</B>
<P>

<A HREF="mailto://DJackson@Clares.demon.co.uk">DJackson@clares.demon.co.uk</A> - Licensing details and project coordination.<BR>

<A HREF="mailto://rdavison@xtra.co.nz">
rdavison@xtra.co.nz
</A>           - Author of the standard.

<P>

<B>
<A NAME="disclaim">
Disclaimer
</A>

</B><P>

This standard is supplied 'as is'; neither Clares nor the author of the standard
make any warranty, whether express or implied, as to the merchantability of
the software or standard or its fitness for any purpose.
<P>

In no circumstances will Clares or the author of the standard be liable for
any damage, loss of profits, goodwill or for any indirect or consequential
loss arising from the use of this standard or software.
<P>

Implementation of the standard is deemed acceptance of these terms.

<P>
<A HREF="#top">Return to Contents</A>
<P>
<HR>
<A NAME="examples"></A>
<H1>PCA Compliant examples</H1>
<P>

We have prepared several examples of PCA applications in both C and BASIC.
They show different interfaces that can be used as well as an example of
'In-Place' editing. <P>

Don't forget to let us know what applications you are writing to comply with
the standard. <A HREF="mailto://DClare@Clares.demon.co.uk">Clares</A> may be
interested in publishing any PCA applications that you write so please send
us a copy if this appeals to you.

<P>
The examples are compressed with Spark. Use either SparkFS or the PD
SparkPlug to decompress the files.


<P>
<A HREF="#top">Return to Contents</A>
<HR>
<FONT SIZE=1>
Last updated 28/08/96</FONT>
</BODY>
</HTML>

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00002440  20 41 75 74 68 6f 72 20  20 3a 20 52 6f 62 20 44  | Author  : Rob D|
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00002470  0a 44 61 74 65 20 20 20  20 3a 20 30 31 2f 30 38  |.Date    : 01/08|
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00009f30  52 6f 62 20 44 61 76 69  73 6f 6e 20 28 72 64 61  |Rob Davison (rda|
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00009f60  20 31 35 2f 30 38 2f 39  36 3c 42 52 3e 0a 0a 53  | 15/08/96<BR>..S|
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0000cbd0  50 3e 0a 50 44 20 41 75  74 68 6f 72 73 20 3a 20  |P>.PD Authors : |
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0000ccc0  0a 3c 42 3e 0a 50 43 41  20 4c 6f 67 6f 0a 3c 2f  |.<B>.PCA Logo.</|
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0000cd50  6f 20 74 6f 20 73 75 67  67 65 73 74 20 61 6e 79  |o to suggest any|
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0000cdf0  6f 2e 75 6b 22 3e 44 4a  61 63 6b 73 6f 6e 40 63  |o.uk">DJackson@c|
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0000ce60  73 6f 6e 40 78 74 72 61  2e 63 6f 2e 6e 7a 22 3e  |son@xtra.co.nz">|
0000ce70  0a 72 64 61 76 69 73 6f  6e 40 78 74 72 61 2e 63  |.rdavison@xtra.c|
0000ce80  6f 2e 6e 7a 0a 3c 2f 41  3e 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |o.nz.</A>       |
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0000d090  3c 50 3e 0a 0a 49 6d 70  6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 61 74  |<P>..Implementat|
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0000d100  2f 41 3e 0a 3c 50 3e 0a  3c 48 52 3e 0a 3c 41 20  |/A>.<P>.<HR>.<A |
0000d110  4e 41 4d 45 3d 22 65 78  61 6d 70 6c 65 73 22 3e  |NAME="examples">|
0000d120  3c 2f 41 3e 0a 3c 48 31  3e 50 43 41 20 43 6f 6d  |</A>.<H1>PCA Com|
0000d130  70 6c 69 61 6e 74 20 65  78 61 6d 70 6c 65 73 3c  |pliant examples<|
0000d140  2f 48 31 3e 0a 3c 50 3e  0a 0a 57 65 20 68 61 76  |/H1>.<P>..We hav|
0000d150  65 20 70 72 65 70 61 72  65 64 20 73 65 76 65 72  |e prepared sever|
0000d160  61 6c 20 65 78 61 6d 70  6c 65 73 20 6f 66 20 50  |al examples of P|
0000d170  43 41 20 61 70 70 6c 69  63 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20  |CA applications |
0000d180  69 6e 20 62 6f 74 68 20  43 20 61 6e 64 20 42 41  |in both C and BA|
0000d190  53 49 43 2e 0a 54 68 65  79 20 73 68 6f 77 20 64  |SIC..They show d|
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0000d1f0  2e 20 3c 50 3e 0a 0a 44  6f 6e 27 74 20 66 6f 72  |. <P>..Don't for|
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0000d210  6f 77 20 77 68 61 74 20  61 70 70 6c 69 63 61 74  |ow what applicat|
0000d220  69 6f 6e 73 20 79 6f 75  20 61 72 65 20 77 72 69  |ions you are wri|
0000d230  74 69 6e 67 20 74 6f 20  63 6f 6d 70 6c 79 20 77  |ting to comply w|
0000d240  69 74 68 0a 74 68 65 20  73 74 61 6e 64 61 72 64  |ith.the standard|
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0000d260  6f 3a 2f 2f 44 43 6c 61  72 65 40 43 6c 61 72 65  |o://DClare@Clare|
0000d270  73 2e 64 65 6d 6f 6e 2e  63 6f 2e 75 6b 22 3e 43  |s.demon.co.uk">C|
0000d280  6c 61 72 65 73 3c 2f 41  3e 20 6d 61 79 20 62 65  |lares</A> may be|
0000d290  0a 69 6e 74 65 72 65 73  74 65 64 20 69 6e 20 70  |.interested in p|
0000d2a0  75 62 6c 69 73 68 69 6e  67 20 61 6e 79 20 50 43  |ublishing any PC|
0000d2b0  41 20 61 70 70 6c 69 63  61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 74  |A applications t|
0000d2c0  68 61 74 20 79 6f 75 20  77 72 69 74 65 20 73 6f  |hat you write so|
0000d2d0  20 70 6c 65 61 73 65 20  73 65 6e 64 0a 75 73 20  | please send.us |
0000d2e0  61 20 63 6f 70 79 20 69  66 20 74 68 69 73 20 61  |a copy if this a|
0000d2f0  70 70 65 61 6c 73 20 74  6f 20 79 6f 75 2e 0a 0a  |ppeals to you...|
0000d300  3c 50 3e 0a 54 68 65 20  65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 73  |<P>.The examples|
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0000d330  65 69 74 68 65 72 20 53  70 61 72 6b 46 53 20 6f  |either SparkFS o|
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0000d350  75 67 20 74 6f 20 64 65  63 6f 6d 70 72 65 73 73  |ug to decompress|
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0000d380  3e 52 65 74 75 72 6e 20  74 6f 20 43 6f 6e 74 65  |>Return to Conte|
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0000d3a0  4e 54 20 53 49 5a 45 3d  31 3e 0a 4c 61 73 74 20  |NT SIZE=1>.Last |
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