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!AWJune94/Goodies/Zap/!Zap/ZapPrimer/ZapPrimer
This website contains an archive of files for the Acorn Electron, BBC Micro, Acorn Archimedes, Commodore 16 and Commodore 64 computers, which Dominic Ford has rescued from his private collection of floppy disks and cassettes.
Some of these files were originally commercial releases in the 1980s and 1990s, but they are now widely available online. I assume that copyright over them is no longer being asserted. If you own the copyright and would like files to be removed, please contact me.
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| Filename: | !AWJune94/Goodies/Zap/!Zap/ZapPrimer/ZapPrimer |
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File contents
o----------------------------------------o
| |
| A short primer for the new Zap user |
| |
| Version 1.10 |
| |
o----------------------------------------o
Introduction
============
This is not a 'manual' for Zap. It is intended as a short instruction
file for users who do not have experience of programmer's editors and
who find the rather technical instructions supplied with Zap confusing.
It will not teach you all about Zap, it won't even mention most of the
more advanced features. The aim is to get the inexperienced user over
the first hurdle so that you can begin to use Zap at the most basic
level. Once you have started to use it in preference to Edit you will
then be able to go on to discover how to change it to make it operate
the way you want. You will also be able to explore some of its more
sophisticated editing functions for yourself.
I assume that you are already familiar with Edit and will describe how
you can set up Zap to work in a similar way.
If you want to print this file (and if you need it I suggest you do)
then the easiest way to do so is to load it into Zap and just press the
Print key. Alternatively you can double-click on the !Print file in
this same directory which will simply copy the file to your printer.
If you are an experienced computer user who is familiar with editors on
the Archimedes and other computers then don't bother to read this, it
isn't intended for you.
Copyright
=========
This text and the files associated with it are (C) David Holden 1993.
They may be freely copied and distributed by any PRIVATE INDIVIDUAL. You
must ONLY copy the complete package including the example Keys, Keystrip
and !Config file. You must NOT distribute it separate from the complete
Zap package to which it applies (currently version 1.10). You must NOT
substitute the Keys file for the one in the Zap application or put the
!Config file into the !Zap application directory. They must be
distributed separately to ensure that the original default files are
always included with Zap.
It may NOT be distributed by any PD or Shareware Library or BBS or any
other not-private media without permission. It may not be changed,
edited, or in any way altered but you may include additional material if
you wish. If you do want to distribute this with Zap please let me know
so that I can supply you with an updates as new versions of Zap appear.
These restrictions have not been imposed because I wish to stop it being
distributed by other libraries. On the contrary I want it to have a wide
circulation so that as many people as possible can be introduced to Zap.
However Zap is constantly being updated and improved and anything I
write or any examples I provide may not apply to other versions.
It is therefore VERY important that these files should only be
distributed as part of the package to which they particularly refer. If
you are running a Library or BBS then write to me at the address below
(send a disc with a copy of your catalogue please) and I will send you
the latest versions of this file and the latest version of Zap. If you
have been sent a copy by either myself or Dominic Symes or if you have
acquired it as part of the COMPLETE !Zap package from any 'authorised'
distributor then you automatically have permission to distribute it but
ONLY with the version of Zap with which it was included.
David Holden
Archimedes Public Domain Library
39 Knighton Park Road
Sydenham
London SE26 5RN
_______
____|__ | (R)
--| | |-------------------
| ____|__ | Association of
| | |_| Shareware
|__| o | Professionals
-----| | |---------------------
|___|___| MEMBER
Text Editors
============
There are two types of programs used for writing text on a computer,
Wordprocessors and Text Editors. It might seem that they perform similar
functions but in fact that is not the case. A wordprocessor is used for
producing text which will eventually be turned into a printed document.
This could be anything from a single page letter up to a book. More
exotic wordprocessors can handle fancy fonts and graphics and when they
reach this degree of sophistication they are called Desktop Publishing
programs. Wordprocessor files are not intended to be 'transportable'.
They contain embedded control codes and formatting commands which are
unintelligible to other programs.
Text Editors can be used to prepare text which will be printed but that
is not their main purpose. The files they produce will normally contain
only the 'standard' characters. These are called Plain Text or ASCII
files. In fact different types of computer have different ideas of
'plain text' since the character set will vary between countries. The
character which marks the end of a line is also not standard.
The Archimedes uses the ascii character code 10 at the end of each line,
the BBC computer used code 13 and the PC and Apple Mac use both
together. However in general a plain text file written on one computer
can be read on most other computers once these minor differences have
been put right. This is made easier if you confine yourself to the main
characters which appear on the computer keyboard and avoid special
symbols such as accented and currency characters.
Most text editors have a few simple aids to text formatting such as
variable line length and wordwrap. You will probably be familiar with
these from Edit.
Another use of text editors is for writing Source Code for compilers and
assemblers. Because programmers have special requirements a particular
type of text editor known as a Programmer's Editor has appeared.
Programmer's Editors
====================
The biggest difference between a programmer's editor and a 'simple' text
editor like Edit is that it is, as its name suggest, designed to be used
by programmers. It therefore needs to be able to create and edit source
code for compilers such as 'C' or Pascal. As Basic is such a powerful
and widely used language on the Archimedes ideally it should also be
able to edit Basic programs. The RiscOS 3 version of Edit can do this
although earlier versions could not. It will need powerful Search and
Replace functions and should not be upset by files containing Control
Characters. It will not need complex text formatting or printing
controls because program source code would normally only be printed out
as a 'listing' for the programmer to examine so nothing fancy is needed.
It must be capable of basic text formatting and wordwrap because the
programmer will probably want to use his favourite editor for writing
short 'help' files for his program. Above all is must be FAST.
There is one requirement which separates the 'professional' programmers
editor from simple ones like Edit. Programmers are, by nature, perverse,
individualistic and self opinionated. Wherever three programmers are
gathered together there will be a minimum of four strongly held opinions
on any subject connected with computers. It follows that an editor
designed to be used by such people must be capable of being customised
to suit his/her requirements and temperament. All good programmer's
editors have some means whereby the keys used for the various functions
can be set by the user. They also permit things like screen colours and
as many other factors as possible to be altered.
This is one reason why many new users of Zap become confused and give up
before they realise how superior to Edit it is. The Author of Zap spends
much of his time with computers running UNIX. He has therefore designed
the standard keyboard layout to conform to the UNIX editors with which
he is most familiar. You do not need to be bothered by this. Remember
that almost everything about Zap can be set the way you want it.
The vanishing cursor
====================
Zap has a 'proper' cursor instead of the (often almost invisible) caret
and this is much easier to find, especially as you can define its colour
and make it flash if you wish. Earlier versions of Zap had a 'feature'
(translation:- bug) which can be a bit disconcerting to the new user.
What happened was that when you used the mouse to scroll a window,
either the main scroll bars or the up and down arrow icons, the cursor
didn't move as the window scrolled. For example, if you loaded a long
file and used the mouse and scroll bars to move part way through it all
appeared to work normally. However if you pressed the Down Arrow key to
scroll down just one more line something very unexpected happened. You
suddenly discovered that were are back at the start of the file with the
cursor on the second line!
This was completely different from the way that Edit and most other text
editors work. With these the cursor always remains within the window.
With this version of Zap the cursor can also be confined in this way and
the example !Config file supplied actually does this.
Some users have now become accustomed to the 'old' method, myself
included, and have discovered that it does have it's uses. If you want
to 'browse' through the file you are editing then you can do so using
the scroll bars, but to return quickly to your original position (the
position of the cursor) all you need to do is tap one of the 'arrow'
keys and Zap will take you back there. This is another example of how
useful it is to be able to customise Zap, you aren't constrained by what
the Author decides is best but can change it to suit yourself.
Configuring Zap
===============
Zap uses two files for configuration. These are found in the !Zap
application directory. One is a Data file called !Config. This will not
be present when you first get your copy of Zap, it is created when you
select 'Save Options' from the 'Options' sub-menu. It sets colours, wrap
widths, cursor type, and most of the other 'visual' layout parameters.
The most important is a text file called 'Keys'. This contains the
things that define how Zap will operate, including the all important key
binding table which tells Zap which keys should perform which functions.
With this instruction file you should find two files which are intended
to replace the standard configurations. There should also be a Drawfile
of a keystrip. This 'keys' file is designed to mimic Edit to enable you
to become accustomed to Zap as easily as possible. Many of the more
powerful functions of Zap cannot be directly accessed via keystrokes
because they don't have keys assigned with this file. As you become more
experienced with Zap you will wish to alter the keys file so you can
access these functions but for the present they would only be confusing.
The full list of functions which can be bound to keys can be found in
the file 'Commands' in the 'Docs' sub-directory of the !Zap application
directory. This also contains instructions for creating your Keys file
and with the aid of this, the original Keys file supplied with Zap and a
bit of experimentation you should be able to work out how to make Zap
operate in the way that you require.
To use these configuration files first make a working copy of Zap. If
you have a hard disc then copy zap onto your hard disc, if you are using
floppies then copy it to a new disc. Now delete the 'keys' file from the
application directory of this working copy and replace it with the file
of the same name supplied with this file. You should also copy the
!Config file into the application directory.
When you start up this version of Zap it will use the keys shown on the
next page which are roughly equivalent to Edit. There are a few extra
ones which have no direct equivalent but are so useful that I didn't
want to leave them out. These are not the keys that I normally use and
no doubt you won't use them for long before you begin to make changes.
As yet Zap has no equivalent to Edit's the 'expand tabs' and 'change
LF<->CR' functions. LF<->CR can be mimicked by 'search and replace'. For
example, to change all CR's to LF's enter in the 'Search' icon -
\13
and in the 'replace' icon -
\10
or to delete al CR's from a LF-CR terminated text file from a PC in the
search icon -
\13
and leave the 'replace' icon blank.
F1 Execute 'learnt' key sequence (no equivalent)
F3 Save
F4 Find and Replace
F5 Goto line or address
F6 Mark beginning or end of block
F7 Copy marked block to cursor
F8 Renumber (BASIC mode only)
F9 Redo last action
F10 Undo last action
Sh-F1 Toggle Insert/Overtype modes
Sh-F3 Immediate Save (no dialogue box)
Sh-F4 Find (no equivalent)
Sh-F6 Clear marked block
Sh-F7 Move marked block to cursor
Sh-F8 Delete marked block
Ctrl-F2 Close current window
Ctrl-F5 Toggle wordwrap on/off
Ctrl-F6 Format paragraph
Ctrl-B Split line at cursor position (for BASIC mode, B=Break)
Ctrl-C Copy marked block to cursor
Ctrl-L Learn key sequence (no equivalent)
Ctrl-J Join two lines (for BASIC mode)
Ctrl-N Next match when Searching (no equivalent)
Ctrl-P Previous match when Searching (no equivalent)
Ctrl-S Swap case of character at cursor (no equivalent)
Ctrl-V Move marked block to cursor
Ctrl-W Next window. If there is more than one window open this
will move the cursor to the next one (no equivalent)
Ctrl-X Delete marked block
Ctrl-Z Clear marked block
Delete Delete backwards
Copy Delete forwards
Ctrl-Copy Delete entire line
Sh-Copy Delete from cursor to end of line (no equivalent)
Sh-Delete Delete from cursor to start of line (no equivalent)
Print Print file (no equivalent)
Sh-Ctrl F0 to F7 Change to Zap mode 0-7 (more about these next)
Zap Modes
=========
Unlike Edit Zap has a series of different 'modes'. The mode you will
probably use most, and the one that is similar to Edit, is Text Mode.
The reason for the different modes is to enable you to edit data in a
variety of ways. When you load a file into Zap it decides which is the
most appropriate mode to use, although like most features this can also
be defined in the keys file. Each mode can have various options, such as
the wrap width, set by the user.
For the present I shall concentrate Text (mode 0) and BASTXT (mode 6)
because these are almost directly equivalent to the way that Edit works,
and BASIC (mode 5) because you may prefer this to BASTXT for editing
Basic programs. However you may wish to experiment with others. The two
others you will probably find most useful are Byte (mode 1) and Code
(mode 4).
Byte mode edits a file in a window that looks like a disc sector editor.
It is particularly useful for editing Data files or other files which
don't contain normal text.
Code mode shows a machine code or compiled program in in disassembled
format. In fact it makes Zap into a simple disassembler. There are
various functions which can be used when in this mode, such as following
Branches, assembling instructions, etc.
BASTXT mode is the mode that most people prefer for editing Basic
programs. This converts a tokenised program to text when it is loaded
and back to Basic when you save it. It enables all the 'normal' editing
functions to be used just as if you were working on a text file. This is
the way that the RiscOS 3 version of Edit handles Basic programs and for
this reason I have used it as the default for this primer.
If you think that Acorns Basic Editor is wonderful (!) then you may
prefer to use BASIC mode (mode 5). This operates in a similar manner to
Acorns (now obsolete) Basic Editor. If you want to use Zap in BASIC mode
(see below) then you will need to use the 'split line' and 'join line'
keys, otherwise these can be ignored.
In the past I regarded the 'standard' Basic mode as so inferior to
BASTXT mode that I advised people not to use it. This is because when
Zap is in BASIC (as compared with BASTXT) mode it operates as a Line
Editor and works on the file in its tokenised form. This means that only
complete lines can be copied or moved, you have to worry about things
like renumbering, using a special key to split or join a line etc.
Previously the only 'good' thing about BASIC mode is that it will handle
GOTO's properly and automatically (but then you wouldn't put a GOTO
anywhere in your programs, would you?).
However from version 1.1 Zap has a feature which makes BASIC mode more
attractive. It can display the constituent parts of a program in
different colours. Keywords, line numbers, REM's and string constants
can all have there own colours defined which makes it much easier to
'read' a program and see how it is made up. Inexperienced programmers
often find this invaluable. Personally I still prefer the superior
editing ability of BASTXT mode but try them both and choose the one that
you like best.
To change the mode that Zap uses by default load Zap and go to the
sub-menu 'Options' on the main menu. Click on 'Edit Keys'. This makes
Zap load the current Keys file from it's own application directory ready
for you to edit it. Press F5 to bring up the 'Goto' window, enter line
number 200 and press RETURN. Zap will now display the lines in this
region and you will find that about here are defined the modes that Zap
uses for each type of file. You should see a line -
Basic &1FFB BASTXT
Change this to
Basic &1FFB BASIC
Press SHIFT-F3 to 'quicksave' the Keys file (ie. it will be Saved
without any further prompting) and close the file window. Now click on
'Reload Keys' from the Options sub menu and Zap will re-interpret the
Keys file so the next time you load a basic program it will be in BASIC
mode instead of BASTXT. If you find you prefer the alternative method
just change the Keys file back again.
Setting the Options
===================
Each Zap mode can have many options set independently of the general
options, other items are common to all modes. I shall describe briefly
how you make these changes and then let you experiment for yourself.
The 'Options' sub menu is where most of this customising is carried out.
As this leads to a series of sub-menu's you will probably find it best
to open this menu and drag it to the left of the screen because
otherwise as you open the other sub-menus they will obscure each other.
Keep the mouse pointer within the menus as you do this otherwise they'll
all close and you'll have to start again.
I shall concentrate on only two items, Colours and Width. The first
thing you need to understand (or you'll soon become very confused) is
that when you change an option like Width it changes ONLY for the mode
that is currently selected.
Go to the Options-> Mode sub menu and click on 'Text'. (Click on it with
ADJUST otherwise all the menus will close and you'll have to start
again. Now open the Options-> Display-> Width sub menu and look at the
width shown. If you are using the !Config file supplied with this text
it will be 112. Now go back to Config-> Mode and click on 'BASIC'. Look
at the Width after this and you will see it has changed to 76. What this
shows is that Zap has a different Width for each mode, and so if you
want to change it the change you make will apply ONLY to the currently
selected mode.
Precisely the same situation applies to colours. The only difference
here is that to avoid having to change every colour in every mode you
can select 'All' on the Options-> Display-> Colours menu and the
colour(s) you select will be made in every mode. If you want one mode to
have different colours from another then de-select 'All' and select that
mode and the colours will apply to that mode only.
There is a slight departure from this when you select BASIC mode. You
will find three more items appear on the Options-> Display-> Colours
menu. These set the colours used for REM's, Basic keywords and string
constants. Obviously these only apply in BASIC mode which is why they
don't appear if any other mode is selected.
When you are satisfied with your choices click on 'Save Options' on the
Options menu.
You will probably spend a bit of time exploring the various options and
discovering the effects of the changes. Most are fairly self evident and
the more obscure ones probably will not concern you at this stage.
Using Search and Replace
========================
Unlike Edit Zap has two Search windows. One simply 'finds' what you are
looking for, the other enables you to replace it with something else.
The advantage of this over Edits single window is that if you just want
to find something you can't accidentally press the wrong key and replace
it with a 'null string' (ie. delete it).
The way that Zap's search function works is completely different from
Edit and it will probably take you a while to get used to it. However it
is MUCH more powerful and flexible.
You have a choice of where you want the search to start from. You can
begin from the cursor position or from the start of the file. You also
have a choice of whether you want the search to be forwards or
backwards. Another feature is that you can choose the 'output' for the
search. This enables you to do more than just 'find' something. If you
select 'Cursor' then the cursor will simply move to wherever the search
string is found, just like Edit. If you choose 'To buffer' then when Zap
finds a match it will create a new file and copy each line where a match
is found to this new file. A window will open containing a list of all
the lines containing a match and you can save or edit this as usual. If
you want to go in your original file to any of the matches displayed in
the new window then just 'click' on the line in this window and Zap will
move the cursor to that line in your original file. Alternatively just
use the 'go to line' function since each match will have it's 'line
number' shown.
Like Edit certain special characters can be used. These are all defined
by being preceded by the '\' character. A full list of these can be
found in the !Help file but a few examples are shown.
\10 Matches ascii character number 10, eg the normal
end-of-line character. \12 would find character 12 etc.
\| Matches one string OR another. For example John\|Fred
would match John or Fred.
\A CTRL-A, \B would be CTRL-B etc.
\# Any character
\* Any number of the previous string. eg A\* would match A,
AA, AAA etc.
\< Finds the string only at the start of a line. eg. \<fred
only finds 'fred' if it's the first word on a line.
The biggest change from the way that Edit's Search function operates is
that Zap can use Search Macro's. If you click on 'Show Macros' in either
Search window the Macro Window will open. This shows the current macros.
When you enter a Search string if any of the characters you enter has a
macro defined for it then that macro will be substituted during the
search. I am not going into great detail about these. You will need to
experiment to find out exactly how they work and which macros you wish
to use. Like most other things they are all defined in the Keys file and
you will be able to see the current ones near the end.
Learn
=====
This is another very powerful function which exists in all 'proper'
programmers editors but not in Edit. The idea is that Zap can 'learn' a
series of keystrokes and play them back on command. When editing or
modifying a file you may need to carry out the same operation many
times. Instead of being forced to manually repeat it you can teach Zap
what you want it to do and save yourself all the repetitive work.
For example, if you had a text file which consisted of a a series of
lines made up of a code number, a name, and a description, like this;
189554 Screw, Widget The screw that fits the Widget
295677 Bolt, Mangel The bolt that attaches the Mangel
Now assume that you want to reduce the gaps between the three items so
that you can add to the descriptions like this;
189554 Screw, Widget The screw that fits the Widget
295677 Bolt, Mangel The bolt that attaches the Mangel
This is the same thing but with four spaces deleted between each section
which let's you add eight characters to your description with the same
line length. The way this is done 'manually' is to place the cursor
after the number and press COPY four times (or whatever key you have
chosen as Delete Forward), move it just after the first section and
press it four times again, then move down to the next line and repeat,
etc, etc. Instead of doing all this you can use Learn to do it for you.
Move the cursor to the start of the first line. Press Ctrl-L to tell Zap
to start learning your keystrokes. Press the Right Arrow key six times.
This will move the cursor just after the number. Each time you press the
key the computer will 'beep' to remind you that Zap is recording what
you do. Now press the Copy key four times to delete the four spaces,
press Right Arrow eighteen times to move to the second 'gap' and Copy
four times once again. Now press Ctrl-Left Arrow to move to the start of
the line and Down Arrow to move down one line. When you have done this
the cursor should be at the start of the next line (ready to carry out
the next operation) and the line should be 'closed up' like the second
example. As you have finished the 'learning' process press Ctrl-L again
to tell Zap to stop recording what you do.
All you need to do now is press F1 which makes Zap Execute the learnt
keystrokes and by 'playing back' the learnt sequence Zap will carry out
exactly the same operation on the second line that you did manually on
the first. You will then find that the cursor has been moved to the
third line, just as you moved it to the second, so just press F1 again
to do the third line and so on to the end of the file.
Of course it might have been simpler in this case to use 'Search and
Replace' but this does show how the Learn function can can save a lot of
typing and, because each sequence will be carried out precisely as the
first, there is less chance of mistakes.
00000000 0a 0a 0a 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.... | 00000010 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 6f 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | o--------| 00000020 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |----------------| * 00000040 6f 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |o. | 00000050 20 20 20 20 20 7c 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | | 00000060 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 00000070 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 0a | |.| 00000080 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 00000090 20 20 20 7c 20 20 41 20 73 68 6f 72 74 20 70 72 | | A short pr| 000000a0 69 6d 65 72 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 6e 65 77 |imer for the new| 000000b0 20 5a 61 70 20 75 73 65 72 20 20 20 7c 0a 20 20 | Zap user |. | 000000c0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 000000d0 20 7c 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | | 000000e0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 000000f0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 0a 20 20 20 20 | |. | 00000100 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c | || 00000110 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 56 65 | Ve| 00000120 72 73 69 6f 6e 20 31 2e 31 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 |rsion 1.10 | 00000130 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |. | 00000140 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 20 20 | | | 00000150 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | * 00000170 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |. | 00000180 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 6f 2d 2d 2d 2d | o----| 00000190 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |----------------| * 000001b0 2d 2d 2d 2d 6f 0a 0a 0a 0a 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 |----o..... | 000001c0 20 20 49 6e 74 72 6f 64 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 0a 20 | Introduction. | 000001d0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d | =========| 000001e0 3d 3d 3d 0a 20 20 20 20 54 68 69 73 20 69 73 20 |===. This is | 000001f0 6e 6f 74 20 61 20 27 6d 61 6e 75 61 6c 27 20 66 |not a 'manual' f| 00000200 6f 72 20 5a 61 70 2e 20 49 74 20 69 73 20 69 6e |or Zap. It is in| 00000210 74 65 6e 64 65 64 20 61 73 20 61 20 73 68 6f 72 |tended as a shor| 00000220 74 20 69 6e 73 74 72 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 0a 20 20 |t instruction. | 00000230 20 20 66 69 6c 65 20 66 6f 72 20 75 73 65 72 73 | file for users| 00000240 20 77 68 6f 20 64 6f 20 6e 6f 74 20 68 61 76 65 | who do not have| 00000250 20 65 78 70 65 72 69 65 6e 63 65 20 6f 66 20 70 | experience of p| 00000260 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d 65 72 27 73 20 65 64 69 74 |rogrammer's edit| 00000270 6f 72 73 20 61 6e 64 0a 20 20 20 20 77 68 6f 20 |ors and. who | 00000280 66 69 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 72 61 74 68 65 72 20 |find the rather | 00000290 74 65 63 68 6e 69 63 61 6c 20 69 6e 73 74 72 75 |technical instru| 000002a0 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 73 75 70 70 6c 69 65 64 20 |ctions supplied | 000002b0 77 69 74 68 20 5a 61 70 20 63 6f 6e 66 75 73 69 |with Zap confusi| 000002c0 6e 67 2e 0a 20 20 20 20 49 74 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 |ng.. It will | 000002d0 6e 6f 74 20 74 65 61 63 68 20 79 6f 75 20 61 6c |not teach you al| 000002e0 6c 20 61 62 6f 75 74 20 5a 61 70 2c 20 69 74 20 |l about Zap, it | 000002f0 77 6f 6e 27 74 20 65 76 65 6e 20 6d 65 6e 74 69 |won't even menti| 00000300 6f 6e 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 0a 20 |on most of the. | 00000310 20 20 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 61 64 76 61 6e 63 65 64 | more advanced| 00000320 20 66 65 61 74 75 72 65 73 2e 20 54 68 65 20 61 | features. The a| 00000330 69 6d 20 69 73 20 74 6f 20 67 65 74 20 74 68 65 |im is to get the| 00000340 20 69 6e 65 78 70 65 72 69 65 6e 63 65 64 20 75 | inexperienced u| 00000350 73 65 72 20 6f 76 65 72 0a 20 20 20 20 74 68 65 |ser over. the| 00000360 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 68 75 72 64 6c 65 20 73 6f | first hurdle so| 00000370 20 74 68 61 74 20 79 6f 75 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 | that you can be| 00000380 67 69 6e 20 74 6f 20 75 73 65 20 5a 61 70 20 61 |gin to use Zap a| 00000390 74 20 74 68 65 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 62 61 73 69 63 |t the most basic| 000003a0 0a 20 20 20 20 6c 65 76 65 6c 2e 20 4f 6e 63 65 |. level. Once| 000003b0 20 79 6f 75 20 68 61 76 65 20 73 74 61 72 74 65 | you have starte| 000003c0 64 20 74 6f 20 75 73 65 20 69 74 20 69 6e 20 70 |d to use it in p| 000003d0 72 65 66 65 72 65 6e 63 65 20 74 6f 20 45 64 69 |reference to Edi| 000003e0 74 20 79 6f 75 20 77 69 6c 6c 0a 20 20 20 20 74 |t you will. t| 000003f0 68 65 6e 20 62 65 20 61 62 6c 65 20 74 6f 20 67 |hen be able to g| 00000400 6f 20 6f 6e 20 74 6f 20 64 69 73 63 6f 76 65 72 |o on to discover| 00000410 20 68 6f 77 20 74 6f 20 63 68 61 6e 67 65 20 69 | how to change i| 00000420 74 20 74 6f 20 6d 61 6b 65 20 69 74 20 6f 70 65 |t to make it ope| 00000430 72 61 74 65 0a 20 20 20 20 74 68 65 20 77 61 79 |rate. the way| 00000440 20 79 6f 75 20 77 61 6e 74 2e 20 59 6f 75 20 77 | you want. You w| 00000450 69 6c 6c 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 62 65 20 61 62 6c 65 |ill also be able| 00000460 20 74 6f 20 65 78 70 6c 6f 72 65 20 73 6f 6d 65 | to explore some| 00000470 20 6f 66 20 69 74 73 20 6d 6f 72 65 0a 20 20 20 | of its more. | 00000480 20 73 6f 70 68 69 73 74 69 63 61 74 65 64 20 65 | sophisticated e| 00000490 64 69 74 69 6e 67 20 66 75 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 |diting functions| 000004a0 20 66 6f 72 20 79 6f 75 72 73 65 6c 66 2e 0a 0a | for yourself...| 000004b0 20 20 20 20 49 20 61 73 73 75 6d 65 20 74 68 61 | I assume tha| 000004c0 74 20 79 6f 75 20 61 72 65 20 61 6c 72 65 61 64 |t you are alread| 000004d0 79 20 66 61 6d 69 6c 69 61 72 20 77 69 74 68 20 |y familiar with | 000004e0 45 64 69 74 20 61 6e 64 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 64 65 |Edit and will de| 000004f0 73 63 72 69 62 65 20 68 6f 77 0a 20 20 20 20 79 |scribe how. y| 00000500 6f 75 20 63 61 6e 20 73 65 74 20 75 70 20 5a 61 |ou can set up Za| 00000510 70 20 74 6f 20 77 6f 72 6b 20 69 6e 20 61 20 73 |p to work in a s| 00000520 69 6d 69 6c 61 72 20 77 61 79 2e 0a 0a 20 20 20 |imilar way... | 00000530 20 49 66 20 79 6f 75 20 77 61 6e 74 20 74 6f 20 | If you want to | 00000540 70 72 69 6e 74 20 74 68 69 73 20 66 69 6c 65 20 |print this file | 00000550 28 61 6e 64 20 69 66 20 79 6f 75 20 6e 65 65 64 |(and if you need| 00000560 20 69 74 20 49 20 73 75 67 67 65 73 74 20 79 6f | it I suggest yo| 00000570 75 20 64 6f 29 0a 20 20 20 20 74 68 65 6e 20 74 |u do). then t| 00000580 68 65 20 65 61 73 69 65 73 74 20 77 61 79 20 74 |he easiest way t| 00000590 6f 20 64 6f 20 73 6f 20 69 73 20 74 6f 20 6c 6f |o do so is to lo| 000005a0 61 64 20 69 74 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 5a 61 70 20 61 |ad it into Zap a| 000005b0 6e 64 20 6a 75 73 74 20 70 72 65 73 73 20 74 68 |nd just press th| 000005c0 65 0a 20 20 20 20 50 72 69 6e 74 20 6b 65 79 2e |e. Print key.| 000005d0 20 20 41 6c 74 65 72 6e 61 74 69 76 65 6c 79 20 | Alternatively | 000005e0 79 6f 75 20 63 61 6e 20 64 6f 75 62 6c 65 2d 63 |you can double-c| 000005f0 6c 69 63 6b 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 21 50 72 69 |lick on the !Pri| 00000600 6e 74 20 66 69 6c 65 20 69 6e 0a 20 20 20 20 74 |nt file in. t| 00000610 68 69 73 20 73 61 6d 65 20 64 69 72 65 63 74 6f |his same directo| 00000620 72 79 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 73 69 |ry which will si| 00000630 6d 70 6c 79 20 63 6f 70 79 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 |mply copy the fi| 00000640 6c 65 20 74 6f 20 79 6f 75 72 20 70 72 69 6e 74 |le to your print| 00000650 65 72 2e 0a 0a 20 20 20 20 49 66 20 79 6f 75 20 |er... If you | 00000660 61 72 65 20 61 6e 20 65 78 70 65 72 69 65 6e 63 |are an experienc| 00000670 65 64 20 63 6f 6d 70 75 74 65 72 20 75 73 65 72 |ed computer user| 00000680 20 77 68 6f 20 69 73 20 66 61 6d 69 6c 69 61 72 | who is familiar| 00000690 20 77 69 74 68 20 65 64 69 74 6f 72 73 20 6f 6e | with editors on| 000006a0 0a 20 20 20 20 74 68 65 20 41 72 63 68 69 6d 65 |. the Archime| 000006b0 64 65 73 20 61 6e 64 20 6f 74 68 65 72 20 63 6f |des and other co| 000006c0 6d 70 75 74 65 72 73 20 74 68 65 6e 20 64 6f 6e |mputers then don| 000006d0 27 74 20 62 6f 74 68 65 72 20 74 6f 20 72 65 61 |'t bother to rea| 000006e0 64 20 74 68 69 73 2c 20 69 74 0a 20 20 20 20 69 |d this, it. i| 000006f0 73 6e 27 74 20 69 6e 74 65 6e 64 65 64 20 66 6f |sn't intended fo| 00000700 72 20 79 6f 75 2e 0a 0a 0c 0a 0a 20 20 20 20 20 |r you...... | 00000710 20 20 20 43 6f 70 79 72 69 67 68 74 0a 20 20 20 | Copyright. | 00000720 20 20 20 20 20 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 3d 0a 20 | =========. | 00000730 20 20 20 54 68 69 73 20 74 65 78 74 20 61 6e 64 | This text and| 00000740 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 6c 65 73 20 61 73 73 6f 63 | the files assoc| 00000750 69 61 74 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 69 74 20 61 72 |iated with it ar| 00000760 65 20 28 43 29 20 44 61 76 69 64 20 48 6f 6c 64 |e (C) David Hold| 00000770 65 6e 20 31 39 39 33 2e 0a 20 20 20 20 54 68 65 |en 1993.. The| 00000780 79 20 6d 61 79 20 62 65 20 66 72 65 65 6c 79 20 |y may be freely | 00000790 63 6f 70 69 65 64 20 61 6e 64 20 64 69 73 74 72 |copied and distr| 000007a0 69 62 75 74 65 64 20 62 79 20 61 6e 79 20 50 52 |ibuted by any PR| 000007b0 49 56 41 54 45 20 49 4e 44 49 56 49 44 55 41 4c |IVATE INDIVIDUAL| 000007c0 2e 20 59 6f 75 0a 20 20 20 20 6d 75 73 74 20 4f |. You. must O| 000007d0 4e 4c 59 20 63 6f 70 79 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f 6d |NLY copy the com| 000007e0 70 6c 65 74 65 20 70 61 63 6b 61 67 65 20 69 6e |plete package in| 000007f0 63 6c 75 64 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 65 78 61 6d |cluding the exam| 00000800 70 6c 65 20 4b 65 79 73 2c 20 4b 65 79 73 74 72 |ple Keys, Keystr| 00000810 69 70 0a 20 20 20 20 61 6e 64 20 21 43 6f 6e 66 |ip. and !Conf| 00000820 69 67 20 66 69 6c 65 2e 20 59 6f 75 20 6d 75 73 |ig file. You mus| 00000830 74 20 4e 4f 54 20 64 69 73 74 72 69 62 75 74 65 |t NOT distribute| 00000840 20 69 74 20 73 65 70 61 72 61 74 65 20 66 72 6f | it separate fro| 00000850 6d 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f 6d 70 6c 65 74 65 0a 20 |m the complete. | 00000860 20 20 20 5a 61 70 20 70 61 63 6b 61 67 65 20 74 | Zap package t| 00000870 6f 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 69 74 20 61 70 70 6c 69 |o which it appli| 00000880 65 73 20 28 63 75 72 72 65 6e 74 6c 79 20 76 65 |es (currently ve| 00000890 72 73 69 6f 6e 20 31 2e 31 30 29 2e 20 59 6f 75 |rsion 1.10). You| 000008a0 20 6d 75 73 74 20 4e 4f 54 0a 20 20 20 20 73 75 | must NOT. su| 000008b0 62 73 74 69 74 75 74 65 20 74 68 65 20 4b 65 79 |bstitute the Key| 000008c0 73 20 66 69 6c 65 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 6f |s file for the o| 000008d0 6e 65 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 5a 61 70 20 61 70 |ne in the Zap ap| 000008e0 70 6c 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 72 20 70 75 74 |plication or put| 000008f0 20 74 68 65 0a 20 20 20 20 21 43 6f 6e 66 69 67 | the. !Config| 00000900 20 66 69 6c 65 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 21 | file into the !| 00000910 5a 61 70 20 61 70 70 6c 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 |Zap application | 00000920 64 69 72 65 63 74 6f 72 79 2e 20 54 68 65 79 20 |directory. They | 00000930 6d 75 73 74 20 62 65 0a 20 20 20 20 64 69 73 74 |must be. dist| 00000940 72 69 62 75 74 65 64 20 73 65 70 61 72 61 74 65 |ributed separate| 00000950 6c 79 20 74 6f 20 65 6e 73 75 72 65 20 74 68 61 |ly to ensure tha| 00000960 74 20 74 68 65 20 6f 72 69 67 69 6e 61 6c 20 64 |t the original d| 00000970 65 66 61 75 6c 74 20 66 69 6c 65 73 20 61 72 65 |efault files are| 00000980 0a 20 20 20 20 61 6c 77 61 79 73 20 69 6e 63 6c |. always incl| 00000990 75 64 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 5a 61 70 2e 0a 0a |uded with Zap...| 000009a0 20 20 20 20 49 74 20 6d 61 79 20 4e 4f 54 20 62 | It may NOT b| 000009b0 65 20 64 69 73 74 72 69 62 75 74 65 64 20 62 79 |e distributed by| 000009c0 20 61 6e 79 20 50 44 20 6f 72 20 53 68 61 72 65 | any PD or Share| 000009d0 77 61 72 65 20 4c 69 62 72 61 72 79 20 6f 72 20 |ware Library or | 000009e0 42 42 53 20 6f 72 20 61 6e 79 0a 20 20 20 20 6f |BBS or any. o| 000009f0 74 68 65 72 20 6e 6f 74 2d 70 72 69 76 61 74 65 |ther not-private| 00000a00 20 6d 65 64 69 61 20 77 69 74 68 6f 75 74 20 70 | media without p| 00000a10 65 72 6d 69 73 73 69 6f 6e 2e 20 49 74 20 6d 61 |ermission. It ma| 00000a20 79 20 6e 6f 74 20 62 65 20 63 68 61 6e 67 65 64 |y not be changed| 00000a30 2c 0a 20 20 20 20 65 64 69 74 65 64 2c 20 6f 72 |,. edited, or| 00000a40 20 69 6e 20 61 6e 79 20 77 61 79 20 61 6c 74 65 | in any way alte| 00000a50 72 65 64 20 62 75 74 20 79 6f 75 20 6d 61 79 20 |red but you may | 00000a60 69 6e 63 6c 75 64 65 20 61 64 64 69 74 69 6f 6e |include addition| 00000a70 61 6c 20 6d 61 74 65 72 69 61 6c 20 69 66 0a 20 |al material if. | 00000a80 20 20 20 79 6f 75 20 77 69 73 68 2e 20 49 66 20 | you wish. If | 00000a90 79 6f 75 20 64 6f 20 77 61 6e 74 20 74 6f 20 64 |you do want to d| 00000aa0 69 73 74 72 69 62 75 74 65 20 74 68 69 73 20 77 |istribute this w| 00000ab0 69 74 68 20 5a 61 70 20 70 6c 65 61 73 65 20 6c |ith Zap please l| 00000ac0 65 74 20 6d 65 20 6b 6e 6f 77 0a 20 20 20 20 73 |et me know. s| 00000ad0 6f 20 74 68 61 74 20 49 20 63 61 6e 20 73 75 70 |o that I can sup| 00000ae0 70 6c 79 20 79 6f 75 20 77 69 74 68 20 61 6e 20 |ply you with an | 00000af0 75 70 64 61 74 65 73 20 61 73 20 6e 65 77 20 76 |updates as new v| 00000b00 65 72 73 69 6f 6e 73 20 6f 66 20 5a 61 70 20 61 |ersions of Zap a| 00000b10 70 70 65 61 72 2e 0a 0a 20 20 20 20 54 68 65 73 |ppear... Thes| 00000b20 65 20 72 65 73 74 72 69 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 68 |e restrictions h| 00000b30 61 76 65 20 6e 6f 74 20 62 65 65 6e 20 69 6d 70 |ave not been imp| 00000b40 6f 73 65 64 20 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 49 20 77 |osed because I w| 00000b50 69 73 68 20 74 6f 20 73 74 6f 70 20 69 74 20 62 |ish to stop it b| 00000b60 65 69 6e 67 0a 20 20 20 20 64 69 73 74 72 69 62 |eing. distrib| 00000b70 75 74 65 64 20 62 79 20 6f 74 68 65 72 20 6c 69 |uted by other li| 00000b80 62 72 61 72 69 65 73 2e 20 4f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |braries. On the | 00000b90 63 6f 6e 74 72 61 72 79 20 49 20 77 61 6e 74 20 |contrary I want | 00000ba0 69 74 20 74 6f 20 68 61 76 65 20 61 20 77 69 64 |it to have a wid| 00000bb0 65 0a 20 20 20 20 63 69 72 63 75 6c 61 74 69 6f |e. circulatio| 00000bc0 6e 20 73 6f 20 74 68 61 74 20 61 73 20 6d 61 6e |n so that as man| 00000bd0 79 20 70 65 6f 70 6c 65 20 61 73 20 70 6f 73 73 |y people as poss| 00000be0 69 62 6c 65 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 69 6e 74 72 |ible can be intr| 00000bf0 6f 64 75 63 65 64 20 74 6f 20 5a 61 70 2e 0a 20 |oduced to Zap.. | 00000c00 20 20 20 48 6f 77 65 76 65 72 20 5a 61 70 20 69 | However Zap i| 00000c10 73 20 63 6f 6e 73 74 61 6e 74 6c 79 20 62 65 69 |s constantly bei| 00000c20 6e 67 20 75 70 64 61 74 65 64 20 61 6e 64 20 69 |ng updated and i| 00000c30 6d 70 72 6f 76 65 64 20 61 6e 64 20 61 6e 79 74 |mproved and anyt| 00000c40 68 69 6e 67 20 49 0a 20 20 20 20 77 72 69 74 65 |hing I. write| 00000c50 20 6f 72 20 61 6e 79 20 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 73 | or any examples| 00000c60 20 49 20 70 72 6f 76 69 64 65 20 6d 61 79 20 6e | I provide may n| 00000c70 6f 74 20 61 70 70 6c 79 20 74 6f 20 6f 74 68 65 |ot apply to othe| 00000c80 72 20 76 65 72 73 69 6f 6e 73 2e 0a 0a 20 20 20 |r versions... | 00000c90 20 49 74 20 69 73 20 74 68 65 72 65 66 6f 72 65 | It is therefore| 00000ca0 20 56 45 52 59 20 69 6d 70 6f 72 74 61 6e 74 20 | VERY important | 00000cb0 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 66 69 6c 65 73 |that these files| 00000cc0 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 62 65 0a | should only be.| 00000cd0 20 20 20 20 64 69 73 74 72 69 62 75 74 65 64 20 | distributed | 00000ce0 61 73 20 70 61 72 74 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 70 |as part of the p| 00000cf0 61 63 6b 61 67 65 20 74 6f 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 |ackage to which | 00000d00 74 68 65 79 20 70 61 72 74 69 63 75 6c 61 72 6c |they particularl| 00000d10 79 20 72 65 66 65 72 2e 20 49 66 0a 20 20 20 20 |y refer. If. | 00000d20 79 6f 75 20 61 72 65 20 72 75 6e 6e 69 6e 67 20 |you are running | 00000d30 61 20 4c 69 62 72 61 72 79 20 6f 72 20 42 42 53 |a Library or BBS| 00000d40 20 74 68 65 6e 20 77 72 69 74 65 20 74 6f 20 6d | then write to m| 00000d50 65 20 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 |e at the address| 00000d60 20 62 65 6c 6f 77 0a 20 20 20 20 28 73 65 6e 64 | below. (send| 00000d70 20 61 20 64 69 73 63 20 77 69 74 68 20 61 20 63 | a disc with a c| 00000d80 6f 70 79 20 6f 66 20 79 6f 75 72 20 63 61 74 61 |opy of your cata| 00000d90 6c 6f 67 75 65 20 70 6c 65 61 73 65 29 20 61 6e |logue please) an| 00000da0 64 20 49 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 73 65 6e 64 20 79 6f |d I will send yo| 00000db0 75 0a 20 20 20 20 74 68 65 20 6c 61 74 65 73 74 |u. the latest| 00000dc0 20 76 65 72 73 69 6f 6e 73 20 6f 66 20 74 68 69 | versions of thi| 00000dd0 73 20 66 69 6c 65 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 6c |s file and the l| 00000de0 61 74 65 73 74 20 76 65 72 73 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 |atest version of| 00000df0 20 5a 61 70 2e 20 49 66 20 79 6f 75 0a 20 20 20 | Zap. 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Zap | 000029b0 75 73 65 73 20 74 77 6f 20 66 69 6c 65 73 20 66 |uses two files f| 000029c0 6f 72 20 63 6f 6e 66 69 67 75 72 61 74 69 6f 6e |or configuration| 000029d0 2e 20 54 68 65 73 65 20 61 72 65 20 66 6f 75 6e |. These are foun| 000029e0 64 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 21 5a 61 70 0a 20 20 |d in the !Zap. | 000029f0 20 20 61 70 70 6c 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 64 69 | application di| 00002a00 72 65 63 74 6f 72 79 2e 20 4f 6e 65 20 69 73 20 |rectory. One is | 00002a10 61 20 44 61 74 61 20 66 69 6c 65 20 63 61 6c 6c |a Data file call| 00002a20 65 64 20 21 43 6f 6e 66 69 67 2e 20 54 68 69 73 |ed !Config. This| 00002a30 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 6e 6f 74 0a 20 20 20 20 62 65 | will not. be| 00002a40 20 70 72 65 73 65 6e 74 20 77 68 65 6e 20 79 6f | present when yo| 00002a50 75 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 67 65 74 20 79 6f 75 72 |u first get your| 00002a60 20 63 6f 70 79 20 6f 66 20 5a 61 70 2c 20 69 74 | copy of Zap, it| 00002a70 20 69 73 20 63 72 65 61 74 65 64 20 77 68 65 6e | is created when| 00002a80 20 79 6f 75 0a 20 20 20 20 73 65 6c 65 63 74 20 | you. select | 00002a90 27 53 61 76 65 20 4f 70 74 69 6f 6e 73 27 20 66 |'Save Options' f| 00002aa0 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 20 27 4f 70 74 69 6f 6e 73 |rom the 'Options| 00002ab0 27 20 73 75 62 2d 6d 65 6e 75 2e 20 49 74 20 73 |' sub-menu. 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This contains| 00002b60 20 74 68 65 0a 20 20 20 20 74 68 69 6e 67 73 20 | the. things | 00002b70 74 68 61 74 20 64 65 66 69 6e 65 20 68 6f 77 20 |that define how | 00002b80 5a 61 70 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 6f 70 65 72 61 74 65 |Zap will operate| 00002b90 2c 20 69 6e 63 6c 75 64 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 |, including the | 00002ba0 61 6c 6c 20 69 6d 70 6f 72 74 61 6e 74 20 6b 65 |all important ke| 00002bb0 79 0a 20 20 20 20 62 69 6e 64 69 6e 67 20 74 61 |y. binding ta| 00002bc0 62 6c 65 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 74 65 6c 6c 73 20 |ble which tells | 00002bd0 5a 61 70 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 6b 65 79 73 20 73 |Zap which keys s| 00002be0 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 70 65 72 66 6f 72 6d 20 77 68 |hould perform wh| 00002bf0 69 63 68 20 66 75 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 2e 0a 0a |ich functions...| 00002c00 20 20 20 20 57 69 74 68 20 74 68 69 73 20 69 6e | With this in| 00002c10 73 74 72 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 66 69 6c 65 20 79 |struction file y| 00002c20 6f 75 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 66 69 6e 64 20 74 |ou should find t| 00002c30 77 6f 20 66 69 6c 65 73 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 61 |wo files which a| 00002c40 72 65 20 69 6e 74 65 6e 64 65 64 0a 20 20 20 20 |re intended. | 00002c50 74 6f 20 72 65 70 6c 61 63 65 20 74 68 65 20 73 |to replace the s| 00002c60 74 61 6e 64 61 72 64 20 63 6f 6e 66 69 67 75 72 |tandard configur| 00002c70 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 2e 20 54 68 65 72 65 20 73 68 |ations. 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Many | 00002d20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 6d 6f 72 65 0a 20 20 20 20 |of the more. | 00002d30 70 6f 77 65 72 66 75 6c 20 66 75 6e 63 74 69 6f |powerful functio| 00002d40 6e 73 20 6f 66 20 5a 61 70 20 63 61 6e 6e 6f 74 |ns of Zap cannot| 00002d50 20 62 65 20 64 69 72 65 63 74 6c 79 20 61 63 63 | be directly acc| 00002d60 65 73 73 65 64 20 76 69 61 20 6b 65 79 73 74 72 |essed via keystr| 00002d70 6f 6b 65 73 0a 20 20 20 20 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 |okes. because| 00002d80 20 74 68 65 79 20 64 6f 6e 27 74 20 68 61 76 65 | they don't have| 00002d90 20 6b 65 79 73 20 61 73 73 69 67 6e 65 64 20 77 | keys assigned w| 00002da0 69 74 68 20 74 68 69 73 20 66 69 6c 65 2e 20 41 |ith this file. A| 00002db0 73 20 79 6f 75 20 62 65 63 6f 6d 65 20 6d 6f 72 |s you become mor| 00002dc0 65 0a 20 20 20 20 65 78 70 65 72 69 65 6e 63 65 |e. experience| 00002dd0 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 5a 61 70 20 79 6f 75 20 77 |d with Zap you w| 00002de0 69 6c 6c 20 77 69 73 68 20 74 6f 20 61 6c 74 65 |ill wish to alte| 00002df0 72 20 74 68 65 20 6b 65 79 73 20 66 69 6c 65 20 |r the keys file | 00002e00 73 6f 20 79 6f 75 20 63 61 6e 0a 20 20 20 20 61 |so you can. a| 00002e10 63 63 65 73 73 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 66 75 6e 63 |ccess these func| 00002e20 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 62 75 74 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 |tions but for th| 00002e30 65 20 70 72 65 73 65 6e 74 20 74 68 65 79 20 77 |e present they w| 00002e40 6f 75 6c 64 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 62 65 20 63 6f 6e |ould only be con| 00002e50 66 75 73 69 6e 67 2e 0a 20 20 20 20 54 68 65 20 |fusing.. 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Now de| 000030c0 6c 65 74 65 20 74 68 65 20 27 6b 65 79 73 27 20 |lete the 'keys' | 000030d0 66 69 6c 65 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 0a 20 20 |file from the. | 000030e0 20 20 61 70 70 6c 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 64 69 | application di| 000030f0 72 65 63 74 6f 72 79 20 6f 66 20 74 68 69 73 20 |rectory of this | 00003100 77 6f 72 6b 69 6e 67 20 63 6f 70 79 20 61 6e 64 |working copy and| 00003110 20 72 65 70 6c 61 63 65 20 69 74 20 77 69 74 68 | replace it with| 00003120 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 6c 65 0a 20 20 20 20 6f 66 | the file. of| 00003130 20 74 68 65 20 73 61 6d 65 20 6e 61 6d 65 20 73 | the same name s| 00003140 75 70 70 6c 69 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 69 |upplied with thi| 00003150 73 20 66 69 6c 65 2e 20 59 6f 75 20 73 68 6f 75 |s file. 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Zap is i| 00004510 6e 20 42 41 53 49 43 20 28 61 73 20 63 6f 6d 70 |n BASIC (as comp| 00004520 61 72 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 42 41 53 54 58 54 |ared with BASTXT| 00004530 29 20 6d 6f 64 65 20 69 74 20 6f 70 65 72 61 74 |) mode it operat| 00004540 65 73 20 61 73 20 61 20 4c 69 6e 65 0a 20 20 20 |es as a Line. | 00004550 20 45 64 69 74 6f 72 20 61 6e 64 20 77 6f 72 6b | Editor and work| 00004560 73 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 6c 65 20 69 6e |s on the file in| 00004570 20 69 74 73 20 74 6f 6b 65 6e 69 73 65 64 20 66 | its tokenised f| 00004580 6f 72 6d 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20 6d 65 61 6e 73 20 |orm. 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To chang| 00004910 65 20 74 68 65 20 6d 6f 64 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 |e the mode that | 00004920 5a 61 70 20 75 73 65 73 20 62 79 20 64 65 66 61 |Zap uses by defa| 00004930 75 6c 74 20 6c 6f 61 64 20 5a 61 70 20 61 6e 64 |ult load Zap and| 00004940 20 67 6f 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 0a 20 20 20 20 73 | go to the. s| 00004950 75 62 2d 6d 65 6e 75 20 27 4f 70 74 69 6f 6e 73 |ub-menu 'Options| 00004960 27 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 6d 61 69 6e 20 6d 65 |' on the main me| 00004970 6e 75 2e 20 43 6c 69 63 6b 20 6f 6e 20 27 45 64 |nu. Click on 'Ed| 00004980 69 74 20 4b 65 79 73 27 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20 6d |it Keys'. This m| 00004990 61 6b 65 73 0a 20 20 20 20 5a 61 70 20 6c 6f 61 |akes. 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Change thi| 00004b30 73 20 74 6f 0a 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 42 61 |s to.. 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I| 00004db0 20 73 68 61 6c 6c 20 64 65 73 63 72 69 62 65 20 | shall describe | 00004dc0 62 72 69 65 66 6c 79 0a 20 20 20 20 68 6f 77 20 |briefly. how | 00004dd0 79 6f 75 20 6d 61 6b 65 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 63 |you make these c| 00004de0 68 61 6e 67 65 73 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 6e 20 |hanges and then | 00004df0 6c 65 74 20 79 6f 75 20 65 78 70 65 72 69 6d 65 |let you experime| 00004e00 6e 74 20 66 6f 72 20 79 6f 75 72 73 65 6c 66 2e |nt for yourself.| 00004e10 0a 0a 20 20 20 20 54 68 65 20 27 4f 70 74 69 6f |.. 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