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V/+EXAMPL
This website contains an archive of files for the Acorn Electron, BBC Micro, Acorn Archimedes, Commodore 16 and Commodore 64 computers, which Dominic Ford has rescued from his private collection of floppy disks and cassettes.
Some of these files were originally commercial releases in the 1980s and 1990s, but they are now widely available online. I assume that copyright over them is no longer being asserted. If you own the copyright and would like files to be removed, please contact me.
| Tape/disk: | Home » Personal collection » Acorn ADFS disks » Electron_User_Group » EUG_51.ADF |
| Filename: | V/+EXAMPL |
| Read OK: | ✔ |
| File size: | 1389 bytes |
| Load address: | 2B204556 |
| Exec address: | 4D415845 |
Duplicates
There are 2 duplicate copies of this file in the archive:
- AEW website » eug » eug_3_5_discs_Eug-51_A-EUG51.adf » V/+EXAMPL
- AEW website » eug » eug_5_25_discs_Eug-51_D-EUG51.dsd » V.+EXAMPL
- Personal collection » Acorn ADFS disks » Electron_User_Group » EUG_51.ADF » V/+EXAMPL
File contents
UTILITIES ON THE "A" MENU
NOT for the first time, EUG includes a bumper crop of utilities this
issue, spread over two menus. The majority of them are written by Chris
Warburton, a new reader of EUG, who will shortly introduce himself. The
remainder come from yours truly, although only the CROSSWORD utility
requires separate documentation.
U.CROSSWO
THIS is a variation of the crossword puzzle utility created from Will
Watts' crossword that appeared in EUG #1. It's an easy game to fathom,
written completely in BASIC, and with a bit of manipulation (and some
planning beforehand), you can create your own crosswords too!
Where in EUG #1, you got a very easy crossword relating to Electron
BASIC commands, all the clues within THIS crossword relate to Electron
SOFTWARE, making it either very difficult to complete unless you're a
real guru.
The puzzle is shown to the top of the screen and you must attempt to
complete each clue by entering its number. Note that laying some words
will obscure uncompleted clue numbers so type in CHECK at the 'Attempt:'
prompt to see which clues you still need to answer!
You can also type QUIT if you get stuck. Over to Chris for the rest
of them...
(The) Dave
The Rest Of Them
HI! My name's Chris and I have been a programmer for a lot of years now.
Since I've recently heard of the Electron User Group and did quite a lot
of Electron/BBC commercial code in my early years, I have decided to
contribute. Although most of the games I write now are for the PC and
PLAYSTATION, I remember how much I enjoyed 6502 coding on the Acorn
Electron and BBC.
Although I don't have a vast amount of time to spend coding these
machines, I am willing to help anyone who has any questions relating to
them or is having problems with code. I have and written and worked on
many well-known titles but I actually became a bit obsessed with protec-
tion systems: Turbo-tape loaders, ROM formats, packing algorithms and
major disk protection techniques.
If anyone out there has a spare 80 Track 5.25" disk drive they would
be willing to sell or loan me, I would be most grateful. Then I can get
down to writing a decent Disk Doctor ROM that should do ADFS/DFS with
protected formats.
At the current time, I am writing a major Disassembler ROM which,
when complete, I will release to EUG all along with its complete source
code. To being with however, I have written some simple code examples
for you all to have a play around with.
U.BIGTEXT
THIS technique was actually something I saw in REPTON or REPTON 2; I
can't remember! Anyway I decided to code my own one and this was the
result. It's a fairly standard way of intercepting the WRCHV and doubl-
ing each character's height using OSWORD 10. It's fairly well optimised,
but it does have a bug, as I'll explain...
When characters disappear off the right hand side of the screen, the
text automatically drops to a newline. However since this newline is not
a character and therefore does not pass through the WRite CHaracter
Vector, my routine only drops the ONE line instead of TWO!!! I don't
think there is a simple way to fix this problem as it's hardware con-
trolled and not operating system controlled, but if anyone out there has
a bright idea then please let me know! It would be possible to fix this
problem by reading screen position addresses, but that would make the
code MODE-dependant (although you could feasibly do this for all modes!)
U.SCROLL1
THIS code demonstrates a way of doing a smooth scroll routine by rotat-
ing the characters across their cells using their carry bits. There are
a couple of points to note however about this code. Firstly, it's full
screen and secondly, the scroll text can be of ANY length. Doing a
scroller whose character definitions have to be read before being
printed is a little more complex than standard 1-pixel scrollers.
U.SCROLL2
THIS is actually a very simple example of a 1-pixel scroller using the
same technique as above. It is far simpler because its text is pre-
printed and therefore no character rendering has to be done. Also wrap-
around is far simpler for this technique. The main advantage of this
method of smooth scroller is its size!
U.TEXT1
THIS routine is quite possibly the smallest way of producing double
width characters. It allows Mode 5 looking characters in Mode 4, for
example. It's roughly the same technique as a smooth scroller, using
rotation to double the character definitions horizontally. Consider it a
challenge to optimise it further!
U.TEXT2
THE smallest method I've written for producing double height characters!
Everyone has seen routines that do this, but can you make one smaller???
Chris Warburton
Quinton, Birmingham
Full address withheld on request
00000000 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 00000010 20 20 20 20 20 20 55 54 49 4c 49 54 49 45 53 20 | UTILITIES | 00000020 4f 4e 20 54 48 45 20 22 41 22 20 4d 45 4e 55 0d |ON THE "A" MENU.| 00000030 0d 4e 4f 54 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 72 |.NOT for the fir| 00000040 73 74 20 74 69 6d 65 2c 20 45 55 47 20 69 6e 63 |st time, EUG inc| 00000050 6c 75 64 65 73 20 61 20 62 75 6d 70 65 72 20 63 |ludes a bumper c| 00000060 72 6f 70 20 6f 66 20 75 74 69 6c 69 74 69 65 73 |rop of utilities| 00000070 20 74 68 69 73 20 0d 69 73 73 75 65 2c 20 73 70 | this .issue, sp| 00000080 72 65 61 64 20 6f 76 65 72 20 74 77 6f 20 6d 65 |read over two me| 00000090 6e 75 73 2e 20 54 68 65 20 6d 61 6a 6f 72 69 74 |nus. The majorit| 000000a0 79 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 6d 20 61 72 65 20 77 72 |y of them are wr| 000000b0 69 74 74 65 6e 20 62 79 20 43 68 72 69 73 0d 57 |itten by Chris.W| 000000c0 61 72 62 75 72 74 6f 6e 2c 20 61 20 6e 65 77 20 |arburton, a new | 000000d0 72 65 61 64 65 72 20 6f 66 20 45 55 47 2c 20 77 |reader of EUG, w| 000000e0 68 6f 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 73 68 6f 72 74 6c 79 20 |ho will shortly | 000000f0 69 6e 74 72 6f 64 75 63 65 20 68 69 6d 73 65 6c |introduce himsel| 00000100 66 2e 20 54 68 65 0d 72 65 6d 61 69 6e 64 65 72 |f. The.remainder| 00000110 20 63 6f 6d 65 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 79 6f 75 72 73 | come from yours| 00000120 20 74 72 75 6c 79 2c 20 61 6c 74 68 6f 75 67 68 | truly, although| 00000130 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 74 68 65 20 43 52 4f 53 53 57 | only the CROSSW| 00000140 4f 52 44 20 75 74 69 6c 69 74 79 20 0d 72 65 71 |ORD utility .req| 00000150 75 69 72 65 73 20 73 65 70 61 72 61 74 65 20 64 |uires separate d| 00000160 6f 63 75 6d 65 6e 74 61 74 69 6f 6e 2e 0d 0d 55 |ocumentation...U| 00000170 2e 43 52 4f 53 53 57 4f 0d 54 48 49 53 20 69 73 |.CROSSWO.THIS is| 00000180 20 61 20 76 61 72 69 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 | a variation of | 00000190 74 68 65 20 63 72 6f 73 73 77 6f 72 64 20 70 75 |the crossword pu| 000001a0 7a 7a 6c 65 20 75 74 69 6c 69 74 79 20 63 72 65 |zzle utility cre| 000001b0 61 74 65 64 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 57 69 6c 6c 0d 57 |ated from Will.W| 000001c0 61 74 74 73 27 20 63 72 6f 73 73 77 6f 72 64 20 |atts' crossword | 000001d0 74 68 61 74 20 61 70 70 65 61 72 65 64 20 69 6e |that appeared in| 000001e0 20 45 55 47 20 23 31 2e 20 49 74 27 73 20 61 6e | EUG #1. It's an| 000001f0 20 65 61 73 79 20 67 61 6d 65 20 74 6f 20 66 61 | easy game to fa| 00000200 74 68 6f 6d 2c 20 0d 77 72 69 74 74 65 6e 20 63 |thom, .written c| 00000210 6f 6d 70 6c 65 74 65 6c 79 20 69 6e 20 42 41 53 |ompletely in BAS| 00000220 49 43 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 61 20 62 |IC, and with a b| 00000230 69 74 20 6f 66 20 6d 61 6e 69 70 75 6c 61 74 69 |it of manipulati| 00000240 6f 6e 20 28 61 6e 64 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 0d 70 6c |on (and some .pl| 00000250 61 6e 6e 69 6e 67 20 62 65 66 6f 72 65 68 61 6e |anning beforehan| 00000260 64 29 2c 20 79 6f 75 20 63 61 6e 20 63 72 65 61 |d), you can crea| 00000270 74 65 20 79 6f 75 72 20 6f 77 6e 20 63 72 6f 73 |te your own cros| 00000280 73 77 6f 72 64 73 20 74 6f 6f 21 0d 20 20 20 57 |swords too!. W| 00000290 68 65 72 65 20 69 6e 20 45 55 47 20 23 31 2c 20 |here in EUG #1, | 000002a0 79 6f 75 20 67 6f 74 20 61 20 76 65 72 79 20 65 |you got a very e| 000002b0 61 73 79 20 63 72 6f 73 73 77 6f 72 64 20 72 65 |asy crossword re| 000002c0 6c 61 74 69 6e 67 20 74 6f 20 45 6c 65 63 74 72 |lating to Electr| 000002d0 6f 6e 0d 42 41 53 49 43 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 |on.BASIC command| 000002e0 73 2c 20 61 6c 6c 20 74 68 65 20 63 6c 75 65 73 |s, all the clues| 000002f0 20 77 69 74 68 69 6e 20 54 48 49 53 20 63 72 6f | within THIS cro| 00000300 73 73 77 6f 72 64 20 72 65 6c 61 74 65 20 74 6f |ssword relate to| 00000310 20 45 6c 65 63 74 72 6f 6e 0d 53 4f 46 54 57 41 | Electron.SOFTWA| 00000320 52 45 2c 20 6d 61 6b 69 6e 67 20 69 74 20 65 69 |RE, making it ei| 00000330 74 68 65 72 20 76 65 72 79 20 64 69 66 66 69 63 |ther very diffic| 00000340 75 6c 74 20 74 6f 20 63 6f 6d 70 6c 65 74 65 20 |ult to complete | 00000350 75 6e 6c 65 73 73 20 79 6f 75 27 72 65 20 61 0d |unless you're a.| 00000360 72 65 61 6c 20 67 75 72 75 2e 0d 20 20 20 54 68 |real guru.. Th| 00000370 65 20 70 75 7a 7a 6c 65 20 69 73 20 73 68 6f 77 |e puzzle is show| 00000380 6e 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 74 6f 70 20 6f 66 20 |n to the top of | 00000390 74 68 65 20 73 63 72 65 65 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 79 |the screen and y| 000003a0 6f 75 20 6d 75 73 74 20 61 74 74 65 6d 70 74 20 |ou must attempt | 000003b0 74 6f 0d 63 6f 6d 70 6c 65 74 65 20 65 61 63 68 |to.complete each| 000003c0 20 63 6c 75 65 20 62 79 20 65 6e 74 65 72 69 6e | clue by enterin| 000003d0 67 20 69 74 73 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 2e 20 4e 6f |g its number. No| 000003e0 74 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 6c 61 79 69 6e 67 20 73 |te that laying s| 000003f0 6f 6d 65 20 77 6f 72 64 73 0d 77 69 6c 6c 20 6f |ome words.will o| 00000400 62 73 63 75 72 65 20 75 6e 63 6f 6d 70 6c 65 74 |bscure uncomplet| 00000410 65 64 20 63 6c 75 65 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 73 20 |ed clue numbers | 00000420 73 6f 20 74 79 70 65 20 69 6e 20 43 48 45 43 4b |so type in CHECK| 00000430 20 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 27 41 74 74 65 6d 70 74 | at the 'Attempt| 00000440 3a 27 0d 70 72 6f 6d 70 74 20 74 6f 20 73 65 65 |:'.prompt to see| 00000450 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 63 6c 75 65 73 20 79 6f 75 | which clues you| 00000460 20 73 74 69 6c 6c 20 6e 65 65 64 20 74 6f 20 61 | still need to a| 00000470 6e 73 77 65 72 21 0d 20 20 20 59 6f 75 20 63 61 |nswer!. You ca| 00000480 6e 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 74 79 70 65 20 51 55 49 54 |n also type QUIT| 00000490 20 69 66 20 79 6f 75 20 67 65 74 20 73 74 75 63 | if you get stuc| 000004a0 6b 2e 20 4f 76 65 72 20 74 6f 20 43 68 72 69 73 |k. Over to Chris| 000004b0 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 73 74 0d 6f 66 | for the rest.of| 000004c0 20 74 68 65 6d 2e 2e 2e 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | them.... | 000004d0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | * 00000500 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 28 54 68 65 29 20 44 61 76 | (The) Dav| 00000510 65 0d 0d 54 68 65 20 52 65 73 74 20 4f 66 20 54 |e..The Rest Of T| 00000520 68 65 6d 0d 48 49 21 20 4d 79 20 6e 61 6d 65 27 |hem.HI! My name'| 00000530 73 20 43 68 72 69 73 20 61 6e 64 20 49 20 68 61 |s Chris and I ha| 00000540 76 65 20 62 65 65 6e 20 61 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 |ve been a progra| 00000550 6d 6d 65 72 20 66 6f 72 20 61 20 6c 6f 74 20 6f |mmer for a lot o| 00000560 66 20 79 65 61 72 73 20 6e 6f 77 2e 0d 53 69 6e |f years now..Sin| 00000570 63 65 20 49 27 76 65 20 72 65 63 65 6e 74 6c 79 |ce I've recently| 00000580 20 68 65 61 72 64 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 45 6c | heard of the El| 00000590 65 63 74 72 6f 6e 20 55 73 65 72 20 47 72 6f 75 |ectron User Grou| 000005a0 70 20 61 6e 64 20 64 69 64 20 71 75 69 74 65 20 |p and did quite | 000005b0 61 20 6c 6f 74 0d 6f 66 20 45 6c 65 63 74 72 6f |a lot.of Electro| 000005c0 6e 2f 42 42 43 20 63 6f 6d 6d 65 72 63 69 61 6c |n/BBC commercial| 000005d0 20 63 6f 64 65 20 69 6e 20 6d 79 20 65 61 72 6c | code in my earl| 000005e0 79 20 79 65 61 72 73 2c 20 49 20 68 61 76 65 20 |y years, I have | 000005f0 64 65 63 69 64 65 64 20 74 6f 20 0d 63 6f 6e 74 |decided to .cont| 00000600 72 69 62 75 74 65 2e 20 41 6c 74 68 6f 75 67 68 |ribute. Although| 00000610 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 67 61 6d | most of the gam| 00000620 65 73 20 49 20 77 72 69 74 65 20 6e 6f 77 20 61 |es I write now a| 00000630 72 65 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 50 43 20 61 6e |re for the PC an| 00000640 64 0d 50 4c 41 59 53 54 41 54 49 4f 4e 2c 20 49 |d.PLAYSTATION, I| 00000650 20 72 65 6d 65 6d 62 65 72 20 68 6f 77 20 6d 75 | remember how mu| 00000660 63 68 20 49 20 65 6e 6a 6f 79 65 64 20 36 35 30 |ch I enjoyed 650| 00000670 32 20 63 6f 64 69 6e 67 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |2 coding on the | 00000680 41 63 6f 72 6e 0d 45 6c 65 63 74 72 6f 6e 20 61 |Acorn.Electron a| 00000690 6e 64 20 42 42 43 2e 0d 20 20 20 41 6c 74 68 6f |nd BBC.. Altho| 000006a0 75 67 68 20 49 20 64 6f 6e 27 74 20 68 61 76 65 |ugh I don't have| 000006b0 20 61 20 76 61 73 74 20 61 6d 6f 75 6e 74 20 6f | a vast amount o| 000006c0 66 20 74 69 6d 65 20 74 6f 20 73 70 65 6e 64 20 |f time to spend | 000006d0 63 6f 64 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 0d 6d 61 |coding these .ma| 000006e0 63 68 69 6e 65 73 2c 20 49 20 61 6d 20 77 69 6c |chines, I am wil| 000006f0 6c 69 6e 67 20 74 6f 20 68 65 6c 70 20 61 6e 79 |ling to help any| 00000700 6f 6e 65 20 77 68 6f 20 68 61 73 20 61 6e 79 20 |one who has any | 00000710 71 75 65 73 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 72 65 6c 61 74 69 |questions relati| 00000720 6e 67 20 74 6f 0d 74 68 65 6d 20 6f 72 20 69 73 |ng to.them or is| 00000730 20 68 61 76 69 6e 67 20 70 72 6f 62 6c 65 6d 73 | having problems| 00000740 20 77 69 74 68 20 63 6f 64 65 2e 20 49 20 68 61 | with code. I ha| 00000750 76 65 20 61 6e 64 20 77 72 69 74 74 65 6e 20 61 |ve and written a| 00000760 6e 64 20 77 6f 72 6b 65 64 20 6f 6e 0d 6d 61 6e |nd worked on.man| 00000770 79 20 77 65 6c 6c 2d 6b 6e 6f 77 6e 20 74 69 74 |y well-known tit| 00000780 6c 65 73 20 62 75 74 20 49 20 61 63 74 75 61 6c |les but I actual| 00000790 6c 79 20 62 65 63 61 6d 65 20 61 20 62 69 74 20 |ly became a bit | 000007a0 6f 62 73 65 73 73 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 70 72 |obsessed with pr| 000007b0 6f 74 65 63 2d 0d 74 69 6f 6e 20 73 79 73 74 65 |otec-.tion syste| 000007c0 6d 73 3a 20 54 75 72 62 6f 2d 74 61 70 65 20 6c |ms: Turbo-tape l| 000007d0 6f 61 64 65 72 73 2c 20 52 4f 4d 20 66 6f 72 6d |oaders, ROM form| 000007e0 61 74 73 2c 20 70 61 63 6b 69 6e 67 20 61 6c 67 |ats, packing alg| 000007f0 6f 72 69 74 68 6d 73 20 61 6e 64 0d 6d 61 6a 6f |orithms and.majo| 00000800 72 20 64 69 73 6b 20 70 72 6f 74 65 63 74 69 6f |r disk protectio| 00000810 6e 20 74 65 63 68 6e 69 71 75 65 73 2e 0d 20 20 |n techniques.. | 00000820 20 49 66 20 61 6e 79 6f 6e 65 20 6f 75 74 20 74 | If anyone out t| 00000830 68 65 72 65 20 68 61 73 20 61 20 73 70 61 72 65 |here has a spare| 00000840 20 38 30 20 54 72 61 63 6b 20 35 2e 32 35 22 20 | 80 Track 5.25" | 00000850 64 69 73 6b 20 64 72 69 76 65 20 74 68 65 79 20 |disk drive they | 00000860 77 6f 75 6c 64 0d 62 65 20 77 69 6c 6c 69 6e 67 |would.be willing| 00000870 20 74 6f 20 73 65 6c 6c 20 6f 72 20 6c 6f 61 6e | to sell or loan| 00000880 20 6d 65 2c 20 49 20 77 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 65 20 | me, I would be | 00000890 6d 6f 73 74 20 67 72 61 74 65 66 75 6c 2e 20 54 |most grateful. T| 000008a0 68 65 6e 20 49 20 63 61 6e 20 67 65 74 20 0d 64 |hen I can get .d| 000008b0 6f 77 6e 20 74 6f 20 77 72 69 74 69 6e 67 20 61 |own to writing a| 000008c0 20 64 65 63 65 6e 74 20 44 69 73 6b 20 44 6f 63 | decent Disk Doc| 000008d0 74 6f 72 20 52 4f 4d 20 74 68 61 74 20 73 68 6f |tor ROM that sho| 000008e0 75 6c 64 20 64 6f 20 41 44 46 53 2f 44 46 53 20 |uld do ADFS/DFS | 000008f0 77 69 74 68 0d 70 72 6f 74 65 63 74 65 64 20 66 |with.protected f| 00000900 6f 72 6d 61 74 73 2e 0d 20 20 20 41 74 20 74 68 |ormats.. At th| 00000910 65 20 63 75 72 72 65 6e 74 20 74 69 6d 65 2c 20 |e current time, | 00000920 49 20 61 6d 20 77 72 69 74 69 6e 67 20 61 20 6d |I am writing a m| 00000930 61 6a 6f 72 20 44 69 73 61 73 73 65 6d 62 6c 65 |ajor Disassemble| 00000940 72 20 52 4f 4d 20 77 68 69 63 68 2c 20 0d 77 68 |r ROM which, .wh| 00000950 65 6e 20 63 6f 6d 70 6c 65 74 65 2c 20 49 20 77 |en complete, I w| 00000960 69 6c 6c 20 72 65 6c 65 61 73 65 20 74 6f 20 45 |ill release to E| 00000970 55 47 20 61 6c 6c 20 61 6c 6f 6e 67 20 77 69 74 |UG all along wit| 00000980 68 20 69 74 73 20 63 6f 6d 70 6c 65 74 65 20 73 |h its complete s| 00000990 6f 75 72 63 65 0d 63 6f 64 65 2e 20 54 6f 20 62 |ource.code. To b| 000009a0 65 69 6e 67 20 77 69 74 68 20 68 6f 77 65 76 65 |eing with howeve| 000009b0 72 2c 20 49 20 68 61 76 65 20 77 72 69 74 74 65 |r, I have writte| 000009c0 6e 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 73 69 6d 70 6c 65 20 63 6f |n some simple co| 000009d0 64 65 20 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 73 0d 66 6f 72 20 |de examples.for | 000009e0 79 6f 75 20 61 6c 6c 20 74 6f 20 68 61 76 65 20 |you all to have | 000009f0 61 20 70 6c 61 79 20 61 72 6f 75 6e 64 20 77 69 |a play around wi| 00000a00 74 68 2e 0d 0d 55 2e 42 49 47 54 45 58 54 0d 54 |th...U.BIGTEXT.T| 00000a10 48 49 53 20 74 65 63 68 6e 69 71 75 65 20 77 61 |HIS technique wa| 00000a20 73 20 61 63 74 75 61 6c 6c 79 20 73 6f 6d 65 74 |s actually somet| 00000a30 68 69 6e 67 20 49 20 73 61 77 20 69 6e 20 52 45 |hing I saw in RE| 00000a40 50 54 4f 4e 20 6f 72 20 52 45 50 54 4f 4e 20 32 |PTON or REPTON 2| 00000a50 3b 20 49 20 0d 63 61 6e 27 74 20 72 65 6d 65 6d |; I .can't remem| 00000a60 62 65 72 21 20 41 6e 79 77 61 79 20 49 20 64 65 |ber! Anyway I de| 00000a70 63 69 64 65 64 20 74 6f 20 63 6f 64 65 20 6d 79 |cided to code my| 00000a80 20 6f 77 6e 20 6f 6e 65 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 69 | own one and thi| 00000a90 73 20 77 61 73 20 74 68 65 0d 72 65 73 75 6c 74 |s was the.result| 00000aa0 2e 20 49 74 27 73 20 61 20 66 61 69 72 6c 79 20 |. It's a fairly | 00000ab0 73 74 61 6e 64 61 72 64 20 77 61 79 20 6f 66 20 |standard way of | 00000ac0 69 6e 74 65 72 63 65 70 74 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 |intercepting the| 00000ad0 20 57 52 43 48 56 20 61 6e 64 20 64 6f 75 62 6c | WRCHV and doubl| 00000ae0 2d 0d 69 6e 67 20 65 61 63 68 20 63 68 61 72 61 |-.ing each chara| 00000af0 63 74 65 72 27 73 20 68 65 69 67 68 74 20 75 73 |cter's height us| 00000b00 69 6e 67 20 4f 53 57 4f 52 44 20 31 30 2e 20 49 |ing OSWORD 10. I| 00000b10 74 27 73 20 66 61 69 72 6c 79 20 77 65 6c 6c 20 |t's fairly well | 00000b20 6f 70 74 69 6d 69 73 65 64 2c 0d 62 75 74 20 69 |optimised,.but i| 00000b30 74 20 64 6f 65 73 20 68 61 76 65 20 61 20 62 75 |t does have a bu| 00000b40 67 2c 20 61 73 20 49 27 6c 6c 20 65 78 70 6c 61 |g, as I'll expla| 00000b50 69 6e 2e 2e 2e 0d 20 20 20 57 68 65 6e 20 63 68 |in.... When ch| 00000b60 61 72 61 63 74 65 72 73 20 64 69 73 61 70 70 65 |aracters disappe| 00000b70 61 72 20 6f 66 66 20 74 68 65 20 72 69 67 68 74 |ar off the right| 00000b80 20 68 61 6e 64 20 73 69 64 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 | hand side of th| 00000b90 65 20 73 63 72 65 65 6e 2c 20 74 68 65 0d 74 65 |e screen, the.te| 00000ba0 78 74 20 61 75 74 6f 6d 61 74 69 63 61 6c 6c 79 |xt automatically| 00000bb0 20 64 72 6f 70 73 20 74 6f 20 61 20 6e 65 77 6c | drops to a newl| 00000bc0 69 6e 65 2e 20 48 6f 77 65 76 65 72 20 73 69 6e |ine. However sin| 00000bd0 63 65 20 74 68 69 73 20 6e 65 77 6c 69 6e 65 20 |ce this newline | 00000be0 69 73 20 6e 6f 74 0d 61 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 74 |is not.a charact| 00000bf0 65 72 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 72 65 66 6f 72 65 |er and therefore| 00000c00 20 64 6f 65 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 70 61 73 73 20 74 | does not pass t| 00000c10 68 72 6f 75 67 68 20 74 68 65 20 57 52 69 74 65 |hrough the WRite| 00000c20 20 43 48 61 72 61 63 74 65 72 20 0d 56 65 63 74 | CHaracter .Vect| 00000c30 6f 72 2c 20 6d 79 20 72 6f 75 74 69 6e 65 20 6f |or, my routine o| 00000c40 6e 6c 79 20 64 72 6f 70 73 20 74 68 65 20 4f 4e |nly drops the ON| 00000c50 45 20 6c 69 6e 65 20 69 6e 73 74 65 61 64 20 6f |E line instead o| 00000c60 66 20 54 57 4f 21 21 21 20 49 20 64 6f 6e 27 74 |f TWO!!! I don't| 00000c70 20 0d 74 68 69 6e 6b 20 74 68 65 72 65 20 69 73 | .think there is| 00000c80 20 61 20 73 69 6d 70 6c 65 20 77 61 79 20 74 6f | a simple way to| 00000c90 20 66 69 78 20 74 68 69 73 20 70 72 6f 62 6c 65 | fix this proble| 00000ca0 6d 20 61 73 20 69 74 27 73 20 68 61 72 64 77 61 |m as it's hardwa| 00000cb0 72 65 20 63 6f 6e 2d 0d 74 72 6f 6c 6c 65 64 20 |re con-.trolled | 00000cc0 61 6e 64 20 6e 6f 74 20 6f 70 65 72 61 74 69 6e |and not operatin| 00000cd0 67 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c |g system control| 00000ce0 6c 65 64 2c 20 62 75 74 20 69 66 20 61 6e 79 6f |led, but if anyo| 00000cf0 6e 65 20 6f 75 74 20 74 68 65 72 65 20 68 61 73 |ne out there has| 00000d00 0d 61 20 62 72 69 67 68 74 20 69 64 65 61 20 74 |.a bright idea t| 00000d10 68 65 6e 20 70 6c 65 61 73 65 20 6c 65 74 20 6d |hen please let m| 00000d20 65 20 6b 6e 6f 77 21 20 49 74 20 77 6f 75 6c 64 |e know! It would| 00000d30 20 62 65 20 70 6f 73 73 69 62 6c 65 20 74 6f 20 | be possible to | 00000d40 66 69 78 20 74 68 69 73 0d 70 72 6f 62 6c 65 6d |fix this.problem| 00000d50 20 62 79 20 72 65 61 64 69 6e 67 20 73 63 72 65 | by reading scre| 00000d60 65 6e 20 70 6f 73 69 74 69 6f 6e 20 61 64 64 72 |en position addr| 00000d70 65 73 73 65 73 2c 20 62 75 74 20 74 68 61 74 20 |esses, but that | 00000d80 77 6f 75 6c 64 20 6d 61 6b 65 20 74 68 65 0d 63 |would make the.c| 00000d90 6f 64 65 20 4d 4f 44 45 2d 64 65 70 65 6e 64 61 |ode MODE-dependa| 00000da0 6e 74 20 28 61 6c 74 68 6f 75 67 68 20 79 6f 75 |nt (although you| 00000db0 20 63 6f 75 6c 64 20 66 65 61 73 69 62 6c 79 20 | could feasibly | 00000dc0 64 6f 20 74 68 69 73 20 66 6f 72 20 61 6c 6c 20 |do this for all | 00000dd0 6d 6f 64 65 73 21 29 0d 0d 55 2e 53 43 52 4f 4c |modes!)..U.SCROL| 00000de0 4c 31 0d 54 48 49 53 20 63 6f 64 65 20 64 65 6d |L1.THIS code dem| 00000df0 6f 6e 73 74 72 61 74 65 73 20 61 20 77 61 79 20 |onstrates a way | 00000e00 6f 66 20 64 6f 69 6e 67 20 61 20 73 6d 6f 6f 74 |of doing a smoot| 00000e10 68 20 73 63 72 6f 6c 6c 20 72 6f 75 74 69 6e 65 |h scroll routine| 00000e20 20 62 79 20 72 6f 74 61 74 2d 0d 69 6e 67 20 74 | by rotat-.ing t| 00000e30 68 65 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 72 73 20 61 63 |he characters ac| 00000e40 72 6f 73 73 20 74 68 65 69 72 20 63 65 6c 6c 73 |ross their cells| 00000e50 20 75 73 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 69 72 20 63 61 72 | using their car| 00000e60 72 79 20 62 69 74 73 2e 20 54 68 65 72 65 20 61 |ry bits. There a| 00000e70 72 65 0d 61 20 63 6f 75 70 6c 65 20 6f 66 20 70 |re.a couple of p| 00000e80 6f 69 6e 74 73 20 74 6f 20 6e 6f 74 65 20 68 6f |oints to note ho| 00000e90 77 65 76 65 72 20 61 62 6f 75 74 20 74 68 69 73 |wever about this| 00000ea0 20 63 6f 64 65 2e 20 46 69 72 73 74 6c 79 2c 20 | code. Firstly, | 00000eb0 69 74 27 73 20 66 75 6c 6c 0d 73 63 72 65 65 6e |it's full.screen| 00000ec0 20 61 6e 64 20 73 65 63 6f 6e 64 6c 79 2c 20 74 | and secondly, t| 00000ed0 68 65 20 73 63 72 6f 6c 6c 20 74 65 78 74 20 63 |he scroll text c| 00000ee0 61 6e 20 62 65 20 6f 66 20 41 4e 59 20 6c 65 6e |an be of ANY len| 00000ef0 67 74 68 2e 20 44 6f 69 6e 67 20 61 20 0d 73 63 |gth. Doing a .sc| 00000f00 72 6f 6c 6c 65 72 20 77 68 6f 73 65 20 63 68 61 |roller whose cha| 00000f10 72 61 63 74 65 72 20 64 65 66 69 6e 69 74 69 6f |racter definitio| 00000f20 6e 73 20 68 61 76 65 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 72 65 |ns have to be re| 00000f30 61 64 20 62 65 66 6f 72 65 20 62 65 69 6e 67 20 |ad before being | 00000f40 0d 70 72 69 6e 74 65 64 20 69 73 20 61 20 6c 69 |.printed is a li| 00000f50 74 74 6c 65 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 63 6f 6d 70 6c 65 |ttle more comple| 00000f60 78 20 74 68 61 6e 20 73 74 61 6e 64 61 72 64 20 |x than standard | 00000f70 31 2d 70 69 78 65 6c 20 73 63 72 6f 6c 6c 65 72 |1-pixel scroller| 00000f80 73 2e 0d 0d 55 2e 53 43 52 4f 4c 4c 32 0d 54 48 |s...U.SCROLL2.TH| 00000f90 49 53 20 69 73 20 61 63 74 75 61 6c 6c 79 20 61 |IS is actually a| 00000fa0 20 76 65 72 79 20 73 69 6d 70 6c 65 20 65 78 61 | very simple exa| 00000fb0 6d 70 6c 65 20 6f 66 20 61 20 31 2d 70 69 78 65 |mple of a 1-pixe| 00000fc0 6c 20 73 63 72 6f 6c 6c 65 72 20 75 73 69 6e 67 |l scroller using| 00000fd0 20 74 68 65 0d 73 61 6d 65 20 74 65 63 68 6e 69 | the.same techni| 00000fe0 71 75 65 20 61 73 20 61 62 6f 76 65 2e 20 49 74 |que as above. It| 00000ff0 20 69 73 20 66 61 72 20 73 69 6d 70 6c 65 72 20 | is far simpler | 00001000 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 69 74 73 20 74 65 78 74 |because its text| 00001010 20 69 73 20 70 72 65 2d 0d 70 72 69 6e 74 65 64 | is pre-.printed| 00001020 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 72 65 66 6f 72 65 20 6e | and therefore n| 00001030 6f 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 72 20 72 65 6e 64 |o character rend| 00001040 65 72 69 6e 67 20 68 61 73 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 |ering has to be | 00001050 64 6f 6e 65 2e 20 41 6c 73 6f 20 77 72 61 70 2d |done. Also wrap-| 00001060 0d 61 72 6f 75 6e 64 20 69 73 20 66 61 72 20 73 |.around is far s| 00001070 69 6d 70 6c 65 72 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 69 73 20 |impler for this | 00001080 74 65 63 68 6e 69 71 75 65 2e 20 54 68 65 20 6d |technique. The m| 00001090 61 69 6e 20 61 64 76 61 6e 74 61 67 65 20 6f 66 |ain advantage of| 000010a0 20 74 68 69 73 20 0d 6d 65 74 68 6f 64 20 6f 66 | this .method of| 000010b0 20 73 6d 6f 6f 74 68 20 73 63 72 6f 6c 6c 65 72 | smooth scroller| 000010c0 20 69 73 20 69 74 73 20 73 69 7a 65 21 0d 0d 55 | is its size!..U| 000010d0 2e 54 45 58 54 31 0d 54 48 49 53 20 72 6f 75 74 |.TEXT1.THIS rout| 000010e0 69 6e 65 20 69 73 20 71 75 69 74 65 20 70 6f 73 |ine is quite pos| 000010f0 73 69 62 6c 79 20 74 68 65 20 73 6d 61 6c 6c 65 |sibly the smalle| 00001100 73 74 20 77 61 79 20 6f 66 20 70 72 6f 64 75 63 |st way of produc| 00001110 69 6e 67 20 64 6f 75 62 6c 65 20 0d 77 69 64 74 |ing double .widt| 00001120 68 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 72 73 2e 20 49 74 |h characters. It| 00001130 20 61 6c 6c 6f 77 73 20 4d 6f 64 65 20 35 20 6c | allows Mode 5 l| 00001140 6f 6f 6b 69 6e 67 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 72 |ooking character| 00001150 73 20 69 6e 20 4d 6f 64 65 20 34 2c 20 66 6f 72 |s in Mode 4, for| 00001160 20 0d 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 2e 20 49 74 27 73 20 | .example. It's | 00001170 72 6f 75 67 68 6c 79 20 74 68 65 20 73 61 6d 65 |roughly the same| 00001180 20 74 65 63 68 6e 69 71 75 65 20 61 73 20 61 20 | technique as a | 00001190 73 6d 6f 6f 74 68 20 73 63 72 6f 6c 6c 65 72 2c |smooth scroller,| 000011a0 20 75 73 69 6e 67 20 0d 72 6f 74 61 74 69 6f 6e | using .rotation| 000011b0 20 74 6f 20 64 6f 75 62 6c 65 20 74 68 65 20 63 | to double the c| 000011c0 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 72 20 64 65 66 69 6e 69 74 |haracter definit| 000011d0 69 6f 6e 73 20 68 6f 72 69 7a 6f 6e 74 61 6c 6c |ions horizontall| 000011e0 79 2e 20 43 6f 6e 73 69 64 65 72 20 69 74 20 61 |y. Consider it a| 000011f0 0d 63 68 61 6c 6c 65 6e 67 65 20 74 6f 20 6f 70 |.challenge to op| 00001200 74 69 6d 69 73 65 20 69 74 20 66 75 72 74 68 65 |timise it furthe| 00001210 72 21 0d 0d 55 2e 54 45 58 54 32 0d 54 48 45 20 |r!..U.TEXT2.THE | 00001220 73 6d 61 6c 6c 65 73 74 20 6d 65 74 68 6f 64 20 |smallest method | 00001230 49 27 76 65 20 77 72 69 74 74 65 6e 20 66 6f 72 |I've written for| 00001240 20 70 72 6f 64 75 63 69 6e 67 20 64 6f 75 62 6c | producing doubl| 00001250 65 20 68 65 69 67 68 74 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 74 |e height charact| 00001260 65 72 73 21 0d 45 76 65 72 79 6f 6e 65 20 68 61 |ers!.Everyone ha| 00001270 73 20 73 65 65 6e 20 72 6f 75 74 69 6e 65 73 20 |s seen routines | 00001280 74 68 61 74 20 64 6f 20 74 68 69 73 2c 20 62 75 |that do this, bu| 00001290 74 20 63 61 6e 20 79 6f 75 20 6d 61 6b 65 20 6f |t can you make o| 000012a0 6e 65 20 73 6d 61 6c 6c 65 72 3f 3f 3f 0d 20 20 |ne smaller???. | 000012b0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | * 000012e0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 43 68 72 69 73 20 57 61 72 | Chris War| 000012f0 62 75 72 74 6f 6e 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |burton. | 00001300 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | * 00001320 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 51 75 69 6e | Quin| 00001330 74 6f 6e 2c 20 42 69 72 6d 69 6e 67 68 61 6d 0d |ton, Birmingham.| 00001340 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | * 00001360 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 46 75 6c 6c 20 61 64 64 | Full add| 00001370 72 65 73 73 20 77 69 74 68 68 65 6c 64 20 6f 6e |ress withheld on| 00001380 20 72 65 71 75 65 73 74 0d | request.| 00001389
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