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Interim User Manual For EvntShell
---------------------------------
1 Introduction
2 Creating A New Application
3 A Tutorial
4 A General Overview
1. Dynamic Windows
2. Static Windows
3. Resources
1. Templates
2. Sprites
3. Message Files
4. Modules
4. Menus
5. Saving Files
6. Loading Files
7. Compressing EvntShell Applications
8. The RunTime Library
9. The !ShellSys Application
10. Handling Panes
11. Outline Fonts
12. Interactive Help
13. User Redraws
1. Simple cases
2. Drawing into a sprite
14. Complex Icon Types
1. Bump Icons
15. Memory Management
16. Error Handling
17. Draw Files
5 The Tools
1. !AppBuild
2. !ShellDBug
3. Other Tools
1. !BasShrink/!BasShrink_PD
2. !BLibII
3. !TemplEd
4. !StrongEd2
5. !StrongHlp
6. !ThrowBack
6 Distributing EvntShell Applications
7 Debugging
8 The Credits
9 Future Enhancements
10 Changes Since V1.09
1. Introduction
A 'Shell' program is a starting point for developing your own
applications that run under the RISC-OS wimp system. The
EvntShell library contains code to handle most of the 'Events'
(i.e. opening a menu, closing a window etc) that can occur, and
all your application has to do is inform the library what it
should do when certain events occur. For example a menu can be
attached to a window or to an icon - the library will open the
menu for you (in the correct position!) when the <MENU> button on
the mouse is used.
PROCshell_AttachModeChangeHandler is another very simple example
which calls a function in the 'User Application' (this is the bit
you write, starting with a 'Shell' created by the AppBuild tool
or by modifying one of the examples) when the screen mode
changes. A more complicated example is PROCshell_AttachPane which
allows the attachment of pane windows to a parent window. All
opening and closing of windows and panes is handled totally by
the library code.
Normally writing a wimp application is a very complex business,
involving much reading of the Programmers Reference Manuals,
magazine articles and examining other applications. The aim of
the EvntShell library is to reduce the need for this and to
enable the speedy creation of easily maintained and robust
applications.
Another important reason for using this Shell is that it attempts
to ensure that any application written using it follows the RISC
OS 3 Style Guide which defines how applications should look and
behave. For example menus attached to icons ('popup' menus)
appear to the right of the icon they are attached to and the
mouse pointer is repositioned appropriately. Implementing the
Style Guide recommendations is not easy and at the moment very
few of the necessary changes to the library code have been made,
however, this will improve in future releases.
In order to use the library it is necessary to have a reasonable
understanding of how to use an Archimedes and the programs
supplied with it. Some experience in BASIC is also of course
required. This manual does not cover how to use tools like the
Template editor which has its own instructions and may not have
been supplied with your copy of the EvntShell library.
2. Creating An Example Application
The easiest way to create a new application is to use the
AppBuild tool. Run this and drag the application icon from the
AppBuild window to a directory display. The various options
available using AppBuild will be discussed later, but for now
just quit AppBuild and run the newly created application. You
should see a blank icon appear on the icon bar and clicking
<MENU> over this will bring up the usual icon bar menu including
the items 'Info' and 'Quit'. 'Info' leads to the normal 'About
This Program' window (the icons of which are blank at the moment)
and 'Quit' which stops the application and removes it from the
icon bar - don't quit it just yet.
Clicking <SELECT> on the iconbar icon will open a window which
has the usual controls and may be scrolled and moved around the
screen. Keep the application you have just created handy as in
the next section we'll look at the program code and see how to
change it to suit your own needs.
As you can see it is very easy to create a new shell application
- even if this particular one doesn't do anything useful yet!
3. A Tutorial
The first few lines of any EvntShell program initialise the
memory management, set up error handlers and load any resources
(templates, message files, sprites etc) required by the program.
This code should not need editing. PROCapp_init determines what
happens when the application starts, in this case an iconbar icon
is created and various 'events' are attached to it. The code
created by !AppBuild is as shown below, although the REMs have
been added for this manual. Try defining other windows and menus
and see what happens.
DEF PROCapp_init
PROCSetUp_Menus :REM set up iconbar menu
PROCSetUp_Windows :REM set up main window
PROCSetUp_IconBar :REM put icon on the iconbar and attach events
REM and now initialise the StrongHlp help system (optional!)
PROCshell_InitHelpSystem(FNshell_GetAppDir+".FNshell_GetAppName"
,TRUE)
ENDPROC
:
REM ===== Menu_Setup routines ===================================
DEF PROCSetUp_Menus
LOCAL void%
REM Construct the iconbar menu..
MenuHandle_IconBar%=FNshell_MenuNew("NewApp")
MenuItem_Info% =FNshell_MenuAdd(0,"Info","")
void% =FNshell_MenuAdd(0,"Quit","_MenuSelect_Quit")
REM Attach the 'About this program' dialog box to the 'Info'
REM item of the menu. Call FN_PreOpenInfo before opening it so
REM that the icons can be filled in, don't call a FN after
REM opening it.
PROCshell_AttachMenuDBox(MenuItem_Info%,"progInfo",
"_PreOpenInfo","")
ENDPROC
:
REM ===== Window_SetUp routines =================================
DEF PROCSetUp_Windows
REM create a window from the template called 'mainw', place the
REM window handle in mainw%
PROCshell_CreateWindowStatic("mainw",mainw%)
ENDPROC
:
REM ===== IconBar_SetUp routines ================================
DEF PROCSetUp_IconBar
REM sicon is the handle of the icon. -1 means right side of
REM iconbar, -2 would be left side. The name of the sprite for
REM the icon is the same as the application directory. A menu
REM with the handle 'MenuHandle_IconBar%' is attached.
sicon=FNshell_Iconbar(-1,"!"+FNshell_GetAppName,"",120,
MenuHandle_IconBar%,0,0,0)
REM attach a help tag for the icon, this will send the text
REM following 'iconbar:' to the !Help application. See the
REM 'Messages' file for this.
PROCshell_AttachHelpTag(-1,sicon,"iconbar")
REM lastly attach the clickselect event. When <SELECT> is
REM clicked over the icon call FN_clickiconbar
PROCshell_AttachClickSelect(-1,sicon,"_ClickSelect_IconBar")
ENDPROC
:
REM ===== Dialog_PreOpen routines ===============================
DEF FN_PreOpenInfo(h%)
REM fill in icons. Try editing the 'Messages' file to make text
REM appear in the icons (just add the text after progInfo0: etc).
REM h% is the handle of the window.
PROCshell_IconPutData(h%,0,FNshell_MessageNoArgs("progInfo0"),0)
PROCshell_IconPutData(h%,1,FNshell_MessageNoArgs("progInfo1"),0)
PROCshell_IconPutData(h%,2,FNshell_MessageNoArgs("progInfo2"),0)
PROCshell_IconPutData(h%,3,FNshell_MessageNoArgs("progInfo3"),0)
=0
:
REM ===== Dialog_PostOpen routines ==============================
REM ===== Click_Select routines =================================
DEF FN_ClickSelect_IconBar(wh%,icon%)
REM open the window with the handle mainw% when a click of
REM <SELECT> is received on the iconbar icon. wh% is the handle
REM of the window over which the click occured (the iconbar) and
REM icon% is the handle of the iconbar icon
PROCshell_OpenWindowStatic(mainw%)
=0
:
REM ===== Menu_Select routines ==================================
DEF FN_MenuSelect_Quit(blk%)
_closedown%=TRUE
=0
:
REM ===== Menu_Warning routines =================================
REM ===== Data_Load routines ====================================
REM ===== Data_Save routines ====================================
Let us now look at how events should be attached to a window. It
is important to always do this just before the window opens (i.e.
in the PreOpen routine) because a static window and a dynamic
window can be created from the same template but they will of
course have different handles. The following example shows how
this should be handled (we are assuming the template in question
is called 'xfer' and the program is called 'MyApp').
DEF PROCapp_init
...
PROCSetUp_Windows
PROCSetUp_Menus
PROCshell_AttachHotKey("F3",FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,"",xfer%,"_PreOpen_Xfer","")
...
ENDPROC
:
DEF PROCSetUp_Windows
...
PROCshell_CreateWindowStatic("xfer",xfer%)
...
ENDPROC
:
DEF PROCSetUp_Menus
...
MenuHandle_IconBar%=FNshell_MenuNew("MyApp")
MenuItem_Save% =FNshell_MenuAdd(0,"Save","")
PROCshell_AttachMenuDBox(MenuItem_Save%,"xfer","_PreOpen_Xfer",
"_PostOpen_Xfer")
...
ENDPROC
:
DEF FN_PreOpen_Xfer(h%)
...
REM OK icon is 0, Filename icon is 2, File icon is 3, Filetype is
&344..
PROCshell_IconPutData(h%,2,filename$),FALSE)
PROCshell_AttachDataSave(h%,3,100,&344,2,"_DataSave_Xfer")
PROCshell_AttachClickSelect(h%,0,"_ClickSelect_XferOK")
...
=0
:
DEF FN_PostOpen_Xfer(h%)
...
PROCshell_WindowCentreOnPointer(h%)
...
=0
:
The xfer window will open when F3 is pressed (assuming one of the
open windows has the 'grab hot keys' bit set) and also when the
sub menu on the 'Save' menu item is opened. In each case
FN_PreOpen_Xfer will be called to attach the events and fill in
the filename icon.
4. General Overview
This section explains the various elements of an application
using the EvntShell library, and any limitations and assumptions
made by me.
4.1 Dynamic Windows
Dynamic windows are those created by moving the pointer over a
submenu pointer arrow (i.e the normal 'About this program' window
produced by the 'Info' entry on the iconbar menu) or optionally
when a 'hot key' is pressed (for example F3 in most applications
opens a save box). They are opened with a call to
PROCshell_OpenWindowDynamic.
When writable icons exist in the dynamic window up/down cursor
and TAB/SHIFT TAB keypresses move the caret between the icons
using the icon handles to determine where to move next. You
should ensure therefore that the order of the icon handles is a
logical progression through the dialog box. Icons which are
unselectable (i.e. greyed out) will be ignored. Pressing the
<RETURN> key causes icon 0 to be pressed (normally a 'default
action' icon with an extra border) and the menu/dialog box to be
closed. Actually clicking <SELECT> on icon 0 of a dynamic dialog
box will cause the shell library to close the window as well.
When a 'hot key' is pressed you have the option of opening a
dynamic dialog box which will disappear when a mouse click is
made outside it or the <ESC> key is pressed, or as a 'Static'
dialog box which must be explicitly closed by the user
application program.
Do not attempt to close a dynamic dialog box with a call to
PROCshell_CloseWindow or PROCshell_DeleteWindow as this will
cause an error when the shell library tries to close or delete
the window.
All windows used by the user application are assumed to be
defined in the 'Templates' file and edited using FormEd or one of
the Public Domain/ShareWare equivalents.
4.2 Static Windows
These are opened with a call to PROCshell_OpenWindowStatic and
respond to cursor,TAB and <RETURN> keypresses like dynamic dialog
boxes except that pressing <RETURN> will not close the window.
Static windows must be created with a call to
PROCshell_CreateWindowStatic.
Closing these windows is the responsibility of the application
program (use PROCshell_CloseWindow) except in the case of a click
on the 'Close' icon in the title bar icon (if present).
You would use a static window for the main window of an
application, or perhaps for a save box as in the case of the
!WinSave2 example. The advantage of using a static window in this
case is that this allows the user to open directory viewers or
start other applications while keeping the save box on the
screen.
4.3 Resources
'Resources' is a general term for additional files needed by an
application. There will (almost) always be some of these, such as
sprite files. Others, for example message files may not be
required.
The EvntShell library now supports ResFind which allows the
selection of the desired language for message files etc much
easier. Briefly explained it checks the currently configured
language of the computer it is running on and sets up a path to
the resource files. This would normally be <App$Dir>.Resources.UK
for a UK configured computer, or <App$Dir>.Resources.Germany for
a German one. This is handled for you if you use !AppBuild to
create the application.
AppBuild now offers to place the resources in the appropriate
directories for you when you create a new application, and to
place a call to ResFind in the !Run file.
Using ResFind is optional and EvntShell applications will
function equally well if you don't use it. It does make the
production of applications that can be easily used in any country
much easier, however, and this should be encouraged. Most of the
programming tools and modules used during the development of this
library were written outside the UK.
The author would appreciate help in translating the ShellMsgs
file and the documentation into other languages.
The full ResFind documentation supplied with the library contains
further details on how it works and the advantages to be gained
by using it. As a taster, here is the part of the documentation
intended to be distributed with applications using ResFind.
(Base for the application's documentation - please replace
<ProgName> by the name of your application without the !)
!<ProgName> adapts automatically to the configured language if
the corresponding messages etc. are available. For this purpose a
Resources directory is contained in the application in which a
subdirectory for each language supported resides. If the language
you need isn't in there, please feel free to duplicate any of
these language directories and translate the contents.
When you run the program a utility called ResFind is called which
reads the language your computer is configured to and then looks
for the corresponding language directory. If this fails the
program will run in English (UK). By setting several system
variables (best done in your system's !Boot file) you can change
the language looked for. With this you can make sure a program
runs in a certain language, e.g. to avoid a weird translation.
Furthermore it is possible to name several languages you prefer
to English.
This is controlled by three system variables:
<ProgName>$Language, ResFind$LanguagesPref and
ResFind$Languages$Suff.
When running the application ResFind looks for the first language
supported along the following list of languages:
1. Contents of the variable <ProgName>$Language
2. Contents of the variable ResFind$LanguagesPref
3. The configured language
4. Contents of the variable ResFind$LanguagesSuff
5. UK
Take a Norwegian user for example (lots of great programs come
from there) whose computer is configured to 'Norway'. Since this
language isn't too common in Europe most programs won't support
it - except for Norwegian ones. But our user is pretty good in
German and French but not too fond of English. Therefore he
prefers these languages to UK and would thus put the following
line in his system's !Boot file:
*Set ResFind$LanguagesSuff Germany,France
Running an applications (such as this one) using ResFind the list
of languages looked for is 'Norway,Germany,France,UK'.
In case this user has an application called !Pete supporting the
language 'Humorous' the line:
*Set Pete$Language Humor
in the !Boot file makes sure !Pete will run humorous.
A brief description of the various resource files follows.
4.3.1 Templates
All windows used by programs based on the shell library would
normally be defined using a template editor as this is far
simpler than creating the windows/icons in the user program. This
is not as inflexible as it may sound as windows and icons can be
resized, moved or otherwise altered by shell library routines.
The template file must be called 'Templates' and be either in the
application directory or in the appropriate language directory if
ResFind is in use. Note that if you are using different templates
for different languages you must use ResFind. In most cases,
however, it is sufficient to have only one template file in the
application directory and to insert the text taken from the
message file in the language of choice into the icons.
A call to PROCshell_ResourcesInit will find the template file and
load all the templates it contains allocating memory as required.
4.3.2 Sprites
The sprite file must be called 'Sprites' and be either in the
application directory or in the appropriate language directory if
ResFind is in use. A call to PROCshell_ResourcesInit will find
the file if it exists and load all the sprites it contains
allocating memory as required.
Optionally a second sprite file called 'Sprites22' containing
high resolution sprites for users with multisync monitors may be
present. If the application is started in a high resolution
screen mode and 'Sprites22' is available it will be loaded
instead of 'Sprites'.
The sprite area pointer for each loaded template will be set to
point to the user sprite area, which put simply this means that
all sprites displayed in windows must be present in the 'Sprites'
and 'Sprites22' files. This may, however, be changed after
loading with a call to FNshell_WindowSetSpriteArea.
4.3.3 Message Files
The message file is a normal ASCII file written using !Edit or
similar that contains message strings preceeded by a message tag.
The application program should find the messages as required by
tag name which allows the production of foreign language versions
(probably by someone else!). It is also far easier to edit the
message file to change text displayed by the application than
using !FormEd or similar.
The !Run file of the user application automatically loads a
support module 'MsgTrans' if required (it is built in to RISC OS
3) to provide this facility.
The message file must be called 'Messages' and be in the
application directory or in the appropriate language directory if
ResFind is in use. A call to PROCshell_ResourcesInit will find
the file if it exists and load all the messages it contains
allocating memory as required.
The messages issued by the library code are stored in a file
called 'ShellMsgs' inside the !ShellSys.Resources.UK directory.
If this file is present in the user application directory (or the
application Resources directory) then it is loaded from there, if
not it is loaded from !ShellSys. This is to aid the construction
of stand alone applications.
4.3.4 Modules
Various Public Domain modules are used by the EvntShell library,
these are stored in the !ShellSys application and loaded as
required. A full list is:
Interface - 3D icon effects, changing pointer shapes etc
MenuUtils - menu handling
FontMenu - font menu handling
MsgTrans - message files (supplied for Risc-OS 2
compatability)
FontWindow - handling outline fonts across mode changes (not
used at the moment)
Note that in general no documentation is supplied for these
modules, it is all available elsewhere (or why not write to the
author?)
The EvntShell library makes the assumption that the interface
module will always be used. The reason is that firstly that it is
highly likely that some other PD program will have already loaded
it, and secondly that the facilities it provides for changing
pointer shapes over certain icons is extremely useful as a prompt
for what the icon is for. Indeed RISC-OS 3 has this built in so
even Acorn are supporting 3D buttons etc....
The module is loaded by the !Run file if not already loaded.
Using a template editor that is 'Interface Aware' makes
incorporating these effects into a user program easy as once the
icons have been designed and placed the shell library handles all
the redrawing automatically.
Note that windows containing 3d interface icons must have the
'Auto Redraw' flag off, but if the template editor displays
interface icons then the user application will as well.
4.4 Menus
Menus are now handled by MenuUtils which was written by Alex
Petrov. Versions of the library prior to 1.20 used a menu editor
to create a seperate menu template file, but I have now abandoned
this as it was rather inflexible.
The use of MenuUtils has enabled me to remove large chunks of
slow BASIC code and to provide many more features, such as
creation and modification of menus under program control. The
menus themselves appear more quickly as well (OK Cy?).
Menus may be created by calling functions in the user
application, or from a menu command file. The file option is
especially useful for lists of items that can be edited by the
user - for example the new version of !VideoBase uses menu
command files for lists of commonly used categories of recordings
(Documentary, Action Film etc) a menu of which can be attached to
an icon for easy access. As the command file is a simple text
file it is very easy to edit to meet special requirements.
A demonstration application !TestMenu should have been supplied
with the library code so that you can try out some of the
possibilities yourself.
The appearance of the RISC OS 3 Style Guide has caused a few
changes in the way that EvntShell handles 'popup' menus (menus
attached to icons in windows other than the iconbar). Firstly
they appear to the right of the icon they are attached to, the
mouse pointer also moving to the recommended position, and
secondly only SELECT and MENU will call up a popup menu.
Note that menus can only be attached to icons in static windows,
because as far as RISC OS is concerned a dynamic window is a
menu.
The support module is automatically loaded by the !Run file to
provide the new menu handling SWIs used by the EvntShell library.
4.5 Saving Files
This is achieved by a call to PROCshell_AttachDataSave which
specifies which filetype the saved file should be given, the name
of a function which will actually perform the save and the
window/icon handles the drag save event is associated with. It is
therefore possible to have different drag save events attached to
different icons in the same window. This is useful where it is
possible to save the file as more than one type - you can have
multiple filetype icons in the save window.
PROCshell_AttachDataSave also performs some checking when it is
called. For example an error message is generated if the file
icon is not a sprite icon. The button type of the file icon is
also changed to Click/Drag to avoid the need to get this correct
when editing the template file.
The EvntShell library supports RAM file transfer for speed when
saving data to consenting applications.
See the !WinSave2 and !VBase2 example applications for how to use
this routine.
4.6 Loading Files
This is achieved by a call to PROCshell_AttachDataLoad which
tells the EvntShell library which filetypes the user application
is interested in and the name of a function to call when a load
event occurs. Multiple files may be loaded, but in the current
release of the library it is up to the user application to keep
track of where they are loaded and if they have been modified.
This will change in a future release.
When the event is attached a check is made to see if the
application was started by double clicking a file which 'belongs'
to it. If the filetypes match then the file is loaded as if it
had been dragged to the icon bar icon. A filetype is associated
with an application by the inclusion of the line:
Set Alias$@RunType_xxx Run <Obey$Dir>.!Run %%*0
where xxx is the filetype number.
If required the files can be loaded automatically into a reserved
block of memory, or the user application can have total control
over loading and processing the file.
The EvntShell library supports RAM file transfer for speed when
loading data from consenting applications.
It is also possible to arrange for the user application to
respond to a range of filetypes by attaching more than one
handler.
An example application !DataLoad should have been included with
the Library to demonstrate how to do this.
This is the code from !DataLoad used to achieve the load :
PROCshell_AttachDataLoad(mainw%,0,&FEC,"_dataloadFEC",TRUE)
The first parameter, mainw% is the wimp window handle, the second
is the icon handle. &FEC is the filetype to respond to and
'_dataloadFEC' is the name of the function to call to actually
load the file. The last parameter is TRUE to load the file
automatically into a reserved block of memory or FALSE if you
want to handle the loading yourself. In this case loading is
automatic and the loading function is simply:
DEF FN_dataloadFEC(loc%,type%,name$,file_size%)
void%=FNshell_MessageWindow("File '"+name$+"'",0,"DataLoad","")
=0
The data file (of type &FEC, template) has been loaded at
location loc%, its type is in type% and the full path name of the
file is in name$. All the function itself does is call another
function to display a message window so that you can see that
loading the file has worked. This is a useful debugging
technique!
This method of loading a file works well for datafiles that are
stored as one continuous block of data such as a text file which
will be processed in some way. Suppose, however, you have a
simple database type application which needs to load data into
BASIC arrays. In this case you would simply use (assuming now the
filetype is &205):
PROCshell_AttachDataLoad(mainw%,0,&205,"_dataload205",FALSE)
FN_dataload205 receives the full pathname of the file which has
been dragged to icon 0 (providing the filetype of the file was
&205, otherwise the load will be ignored) which may now be opened
and the data loaded as usual. If the 'no load' flag was set for
this load event and the load was from another application the
data is saved in a file called 'ScrapFile' in the user
application directory.
4.7 Compressing EvntShell Applications
Due to the complex nature of the library code and the desire for
it to do as much as possible to make a user application easy to
write the ShellLib library file has expanded to around 150K. This
is obviously undesirable especially if you are planning to send
your finished program to a PD library. If you want people to be
able to read your source code you can use the 'RunTime' version
of the library which has been mildly compressed, but for the
smallest possible program it is necessary to append the library
(either version) to the end of the user application, remove the
line which loads the library file and run the whole lot through a
BASIC program compressor.
I recommend !BasShrink or !Shrink_PD (the Public Domain version
of !BasShrink) by John Wallace although John's program is slow
and not presently multitasking it does produce code that still
runs! This is unfortunately not true of Cy Booker's otherwise
superb !BC which will not work on the EvntShell library. However,
if I or Cy can find out what the problem is we'll fix it.
Future versions of !BasShrink should be able to remove unused
routines to save even more space, or alternatively BLibII can be
used to pre-process the application to link in only the routines
that are actually used. See the manual section 'Other Tools' for
more details.
There is one important point to bear in mind when using the shell
library and !BasShrink together - function names that are
EVALuated by the shell library should begin with a '_' character
and the 'Preserve names starting with' radio button in the
!BasShrink window must be ON. In short if you are calling any
shell library routine that has a function name as a parameter
then that name must start with a '_'. Failure to observe this
rule will result in a non-working compressed program!
Assuming you have !BasShrink 2.14 or later the EvntShell library
can be compressed with all switches on except 'Shorten FN names',
'Shorten PROC names' and 'Remove * comments'. If you are not
going to use !BLibII you can switch on 'Remove * comments' to
strip out the !BLibII commands.
If you append the EvntShell library to the user application
manually or by using BLibII you can compress the complete program
with all switches on.
4.8 The RunTime Library
This is a compressed version of the full library which should be
used wherever possible as it will load and run faster. The only
reason for using the uncompressed library would be to add extra
debugging code or perhaps to modify the routines. In this case,
however, it is better to just copy the uncompressed routine into
the user application and edit it there.
The uncompressed version is called ShellLib, the compressed
version is ShellLibRT. Both can be found inside the !ShellSys
application directory.
The ShellLibRT file has had the BLibII commands stripped out to
save space.
4.9 The !ShellSys Application
As large chunks of code are common to all EvntShell applications
it makes sense to store it only once on the disk, hence !ShellSys
which should be treated like the !System application. If you have
a hard disk put it in the root directory (or ensure it is booted
by your Boot file). If you have a floppy only system put it on
all your disks (removing the ShellLib file and making sure all
EvntShell applications use ShellLibRT will help save disk space).
The system message file and various modules are also to be found
here.
4.10 Handling Panes
A pane window is a window attached to a parent window which has
different properties to the parent. A well-known example is the
'ToolBox' pane attached to a !Draw window which always appears at
the top left of the parent window however the parent window is
scrolled. Another example could be a parent window without
scrollbars which has a scrolling pane attached to the work area
which might be used in a 'FindFile' application to display a list
of finds.
Panes are created using !FormEd or similar with the 'pane' flag
set. A call to PROCshell_AttachPane specifies which pane is
attached to which window and the position of the pane. Multiple
panes may to attached to a parent window (see the example
application !Panes).
The opening and closing of panes is handled totally by the shell
library - a call to PROCshell_OpenWindow after attaching the
panes will open the parent window and the panes together.
It is normally necessary for certain bits in the window
definition block to be set up in a special way if a window is to
be treated as a pane. This is not required when using the
EvntShell library as the act of attaching the event makes the
changes needed.
You should avoid attaching a pane to a parent window where it is
possible to resize the parent in such a way that the pane lies
outside the window it is attached to. This will cause (non-fatal)
problems when the windows are redrawn. Most RISC OS programs also
avoid this for the same reasons.
When attaching a pane it is possible to specify a 'pane flag'
value which determines where the pane will be attached and to
some extent how it will behave when the parent window is resized.
The currently valid pane flags are:
0 = attached to parent window work area
1 = attached to left edge outside parent
2 = attached to top edge
3 = attached to left edge inside parent
4 = attached to bottom edge
5 = attached to right edge
In cases 1-5 the library will attempt to stretch the pane window
so that it will fill the whole width or depth of the parent
window.
4.11 Outline Fonts
The EvntShell Library supports Outline Fonts in two ways at the
moment. Firstly Joris R�ling's FontMenu module is used to display
a menu of all available fonts on the system, and secondly the
window template loading routine allows icons and window titles to
use fonts.
Routines are provided to attach a font menu to an existing menu
as a submenu (PROCshell_AttachFontSubMenu), or to open the font
menu as a menu in its own right (PROCshell_AttachFontMenu). If
the user makes a valid font selection the font name can be
retrieved (with FNshell_FontMenuGetLastSelectedFont) for use in
the user application. Changes to the Font$Path variable such as
adding or removing font directories are detected and the font
menu rebuilt as necessary.
It will not, however, detect fonts being added or removed from an
existing font directory while the EvntShell application is
running. It appears that a re-boot is required to sort things out
after the contents of the font directories have changed. Oh well,
it seems that a lot of other applications can't cope with this
either!
The FontMenu module creates a menu in the relocatable module area
which is shared between all applications wishing to use it. As a
font menu potentially takes up a lot of space this is a very
efficient way of handling it, especially as the menu is laid out
so that it is easier to use than a straight list of fonts.
A help system containing the full FontMenu documentation is
supplied with the EvntShell library as it is a requirement that
the the module and its documentation must be supplied together.
However, it is unlikely that the SWIs provided by the module will
need to be called by the user application as the library code
performs the necessary actions.
The example application !Redraw demonstrates the use of these
routines.
4.12 Interactive Help
The EvntShell library supports Acorn's Interactive Help
application !Help by searching icon validation strings for the
'I' command (as recommended by the author of the Interface
module) for a message tag.
The message belonging to the tag will be looked up and sent to
!Help (if !Help is running). An example would be a validation
string of "iMessTag01", where the file 'Messages' contains the
line 'MessTag01:This is a test'. 'This is a test' would be the
message displayed.
It is also possible to attach a message tag to a window or a
window/icon using PROCshell_AttachHelpTag. A message tag is a
string consisting of not more than 11 characters long and
represents a message string to be found in the 'Messages' file.
4.13 User Redraws
4.13.1 Simple Cases
By 'Simple Cases' I mean text, lines, arcs, filled shapes etc. In
other words anything that it is easy for the program to redraw
quickly - this excludes maps of the world and any kind of random
display. For these cases it is much faster to redirect the screen
output into a sprite (see the next section).
Using the example application you created earlier (or create a
new one using AppBuild) add the following line to
PROCSetUp_Windows:
PROCshell_AttachUserRedraw(mainw%,"_redraw")
and add the following FN definition:
DEF FN_redraw(blk%,x0%,y0%)
REM set colour for circle - colours are numbered 0-15!
REM draw the circle..
SYS "Wimp_SetColour",11
CIRCLE FILL x0%+200,y0%-200,120
REM set colour for text...
SYS "Wimp_SetColour",8 :REM colours are numbered 0-15!
MOVE x0%+80,y0%-340:PRINT "This is an example of"
MOVE x0%+40,y0%-380:PRINT "user drawn text and graphics"
MOVE x0%+95,y0%-420:PRINT "in a desktop window"
=0
The routine that attaches the redraw event also alters the
'flags' of the window so that the 'Auto redraw' bit is set up
correctly. When you run the application and open the main window
now, a circle and some text will appear in the window. If another
window is moved over this one, note that the window is correctly
redrawn.
The parameters x0% and y0% for the redraw routine are the
coordinates of the top left corner of the window. Note that y
coordinates are negative! Try experimenting with other drawing
commands and putting text in different places in the window to
get the hang of this.
4.13.2 Drawing Into A Sprite
With a more complicated or random display you need to set up a
sprite to draw into. The example application !Redraw2 shows how
to do this.
Note in this case that the display within the window is animated
by calling the plotting routine at every null event received.
There also has to be two redrawing routines, one called when you
want the display redrawn and one for when the wimp wants it
redrawn (hence the call to PROCshell_AttachUserRedraw). In both
cases it is necessary just to replot the sprite.
4.14 Complex Icons
4.14.1 Bump Icons
Bump icons are simply a pair of (usually!) arrow shaped icons
that effect the value displayed in a third icon. The EvntShell
library allows you to create this effect with one call to
PROCshell_AttachBumpIconHandler.
Note that clicking on a bump icon which ADJUST has the opposite
effect to using SELECT, i.e. ADJUST on the decrement icon
actually increases the value. This is normal RISC OS behaviour
and is intended to avoid unnecessary mouse movements.
See the !VBase2 demo application for an example of its use.
4.15 Memory Management
A crucial element of the EventShell library is the use of memory
management routines originally published in Risc User magazine
and used with permission. Many library routines require some
memory workspace and they obtain this by calling
FNshell_HeapBlockFetch(bytes_required) which returns the address
of the allocated memory and release it when they are finished
with PROCshell_HeapBlockReturn.
This is vital for avoiding 'side effects' caused by using the
same block of memory for different purposes as most WIMP programs
tend to do. Equally important is the fact that as the routines
are written in ARM code they are extremely fast.
Another point to note is that this memory is claimed from the
current wimp slot and not the RMA (Relocatable Module Area). This
ensures that all of the memory claimed by the application is
released back to the free pool when the application quits - this
is not the case if memory is claimed from the RMA. It is only
possible to reclaim RMA memory if the free space is at the top of
the RMA which leads to the RMA allocation gradually growing as
you run and quit applications.
Unfortunately (in the authors view!) the MenuUtils module uses
the RMA for storage of indirected data and menu structures.
Hopefully this data gets put in any small available blocks so
that the RMA allocation does not increase.
You are strongly advised to use the supplied memory management
routines in the user application should you require storage for
data, or temporary blocks for use with SWI calls for example. The
time penalty for doing this is very small and in any case results
in a more reliable and easier to maintain application.
4.16 Error Handling
The EvntShell library sets up a default error handler for you if
you build the application with AppBuild. Since version 1.21 of
the library support has been provided for Joe Taylor's !ThrowBack
application which was on the September 1993 cover disk of
Archimedes World. This traps errors in the program and opens a
window showing the location and type of the error. Clicking on
the error line then loads the file into your editor with the
offending line highlighted which is a real timesaver.
It is not necessary to have !ThrowBack, if it is not present a
standard error window will pop up instead.
The user application can generate errors on purpose as a way of
aborting an operation. Control will then return to the wimp poll
loop. This is done with a call to PROCshell_OK which opens an
error box with a user defined message and an OK button. Note that
an error generated any other way will end the application without
further warning.
This will be improved in a later release of the library,
especially with regard to 'out of memory' errors from the heap
manager as at the moment running out of memory aborts the user
application instead of giving the user a chance to free up more
memory.
Also note that the MenuUtils module appears to set up its own
error handler while calling the MenuSelect routine (the one you
specify will be called when a selection is made for a particular
menu item). This means that any errors in this routine appear to
be ignored - in fact the routine just aborts at the error
location without giving a message. This makes debugging these
routines impossible unless you add the line:
ON ERROR OFF
at the start of the routine, i.e
DEF FN_MenuSelect_TID(blk%)
LOCAL str$
ON ERROR OFF
str$=$(blk%!12)
PROCshell_IconPutData(newrec%,4,str$,TRUE)
PROCget_entries(file_loc%,(blk%!0)+1)
=0
:
4.17 Draw Files
The standard method of creating and displaying vector graphics on
the Archimedes is the DrawFile, as created by the Acorn Draw
application. It is also possible to create a DrawFile under
program control using the routines in the supplied DrawLib
library - this is seperate from the main shell library as the
creation of DrawFiles is a specialised requirement.
A good example of the use of program generated DrawFiles would be
the production of a graph which could be loaded into a DTP or
word processing package. If you want to do something like this it
makes sense to use the existing standard of DrawFiles, indeed if
you want other applications to be able to load the data there is
really no choice.
EvntShell handles the creation of DrawFiles by creating the
necessary data in memory (hence memory availability limits the
size of DrawFile that can be created), first adding a
'pre-header' to the data. The purpose of the 'pre- header' is to
store data such as the current drawing colour, the width of the
lines etc without using global variables. Each DrawLib routine
requires the address of the buffer holding the DrawFile, enabling
several DrawFiles to be created in different buffers at the same
time.
Existing DrawFiles may be loaded, modified by the user
application and re- saved. Full control is provided over line
thicknesses, patterns, end caps, path and fill colours (stored as
24 bit values which RISC OS displays using dithering).
DrawFiles can contain lines, boxes, circles, ellipses and outline
font text at the moment which is not an exhaustive list but
should suffice for most needs.
An example of the use of the DrawLib routines is as follows:
LIBRARY "EvntShellSystem:DrawLib"
buffer% = 0 : REM Just declare the variable
PROCshell_DrawCreateFile(buffer%)
PROCshell_DrawBox(buffer%,100,100,25,25)
which creates a DrawFile and then adds a square at the location
x100 y100 (relative to the bottom left of the paper) with sides
25mm long. By default millimetres are used for measurements, but
drawing units may additionally be specified in centimeters,
inches, OS units or points. Drawing units can be mixed within
each file.
A demonstration application called TestDraw should have been
supplied with EvntShell to enable you to experiment.
5 The Tools
Various programming tools have been written by myself and others
to make producing wimp applications easier and faster. If you
obtained the EvntShell library or updates thereof from the author
you will have received all of the tools described here. If you
obtained it from a PD library the author has little or no control
over what else is supplied on the disk, so you may have to obtain
the missing tools from other disks in the PD library, or better
still send me a blank disk.
Only one of the tools (one of the many Template editors
available) is vital to the EvntShell Library, the others you can
do without but they do make life easier.
The following is a brief description of the tools supplied on
APDL disk B122, and some other software which may be useful for
developing applications
5.1 !AppBuild
Creates new application shells as 'stand alone' applications for
distribution, or ones that depend on !ShellSys. You can specify a
name for the application, and choose whether or not to make it
'Stand Alone' i.e if all the files required are copied into the
new application directory. If it is not a stand alone application
then modules, message files etc will be loaded from the !ShellSys
directory.
This application supports Acorn's !Help application.
5.2 !ShellDBug
A very simple debugger that displays trace output from the user
application and the library code. Note that currently this
application must be running before the application you want to
debug.
The EvntShell library outputs a commentary on what it is doing
into a tracefile, providing that PROCshell_TraceInit and
PROCshell_TraceOn have been called. The user application can also
place output in this file using PROCshell_Tracef0.
Outputting trace information will slow the user application
noticeably, especially when starting up as a lot of trace info is
generated by the call to PROCshell_ResourcesInit. Therefore it is
best to only turn on tracing when necessary, and of course make
sure that tracing is off on any applications you distribute!
5.3 Other Tools
There follows a brief description of some other PD/ShareWare
/Copyrighted programs which I have found useful when developing
EvntShell applications.
5.3.1 !BasShrink/!BasShrink_PD
Is a BASIC program compressor which has been proved to work with
EvntShell applications. !BasShrink_PD is Public Domain and
available from various PD libraries, !BasShrink cost �5.00 and
can be obtained from:
John Wallace, Architype Software, 54 Parkes Hall Road,
Woodsetton, Dudley, West Midlands, DY1 3SR ENGLAND
See the section on compressing EvntShell programs for guidance on
the options that can be used.
5.3.2 !BLibII
A BASIC Linker program available on APDL Disk B138. This builds a
program from the user application and the EvntShell library
containing only the routines that are actually needed. This is
very useful for distributing the final application as !BLibII and
!BasShrink used together will produce the minimum program size
possible.
Full instructions are provided with !BLibII, so I won't go into
details here except to note that the ShellLib library already
contains the extra information that !BLibII requires, although
the conditional linking bits are not yet in place. This means
that the linked program is bigger than it should be, but an
improvement over just appending the library code to the end of
the user application. This will improve in future releases.
Note that you should use the ShellLib library for linking with
BLibII because ShellLibRT has had the BLibII commands removed to
save space.
5.3.3 !TemplEd
Also on APDL disk B138 this is I believe the best Template editor
available anywhere. Forget !FormEd2 which was on some APDL B122
disks, !FormEd (Risc Squad version 2.84b on B053 or 2.87 also on
B138) and any Acorn versions.
5.3.4 !StrongEd
A text editor which used to be in the public domain and is now a
commercial program available from Stallion Software. The big
advantage this has over any other editor is the accompanying
!StrongHlp application as pressing F1 over a word in a program
known to !StrongHlp causes an hypertext information window to
open.
The Archimedes World August 1993 cover disk contained a crippled
version of !StrongEd (as the commercial version is known) which
can be used for evaluation purposes, and this may be available
from PD libraries. The PD/Demo version cannot create files and
only allows two files to be open at any one time although this is
not much of a problem for evaluation purposes.
5.3.5 !StrongHlp
A hypertext type application which almost removes the need for
the Reference Manuals. Files supplied with it detail most of the
SWIs available and much more information is provided on BASIC,
VDU calls, Filetypes etc. The full version of !StrongHlp is only
available as a 'free' add on with the commercial version of
!StrongED from Stallion Software, although a new PD version is
now available. The PD version does not contain the help data from
the full version, however, it is sufficient for viewing the help
files supplied with EvntShell.
The Archimedes World August 1993 cover disk also contained the PD
version of !StrongHlp.
The EvntShell library also has a few PROCs to interface with
StrongHlp to enable user applications to register help systems.
When a request is sent to StrongHlp the active applications on
the icon bar are checked to see if StrongHlp is running. If it is
not and its !Boot file has been 'seen' by the Filer then it will
be started automatically. If StrongHlp has not been 'seen' then
an error will be generated.
Note that for the above to work it is vital that the help system
directory has the same name as the application (minus the '!').
5.3.6 !ThrowBack
This application appeared on the September 1993 cover disk of
Archimedes World and is copyright that magazine. It provides a
'throwback' window when an error occurs, and clicking on the
throwback window opens your program editor at the line where the
error occured. This is very useful when debugging a program.
The EvntShell library contains the necessary support code for
this. Note that for this to work properly you need the DDEUtils
module and an editor that supports throwback (such as !DeskEdit
or !StrongEd), although it will work after a fashion with !Edit
as well.
6 Distributing EvntShell Applications
It is probably best to copy ShellLibRT, ShellMsgs and the modules
into your application directory, not forgetting to alter the !Run
file and the LIBRARY statement in the runimage file to point to
the new location. That way you are sure that all the necessary
files are in one place for ease of copying.
AppBuild will do this for you automatically if you drag the
application to the iconbar icon, turn the 'Standalone' switch in
the main window on and click OK.
7 Debugging
A simple debugger (!ShellDBug) is supplied with the library to
display trace messages. You can also do wonders with a few VDU7
calls to check which parts of the application are actually being
executed..
8 The Credits
Quite a few people have been (however unwittingly) involved in
this project such as:
David Breakwell (the original idea), Robert Seago (for using it
for things I wouldn't dream of attempting!), Cy Booker (various
helpful suggestions - I won't rewrite it in C or Assembler though
- RISC-OS 3 Documentation and the FontWindow module), Risc User
magazine (for permission to use its heap manager code), Joris
R�ling (FontMenu module), Simon Huntingdon (Interface module),
Alex Petrov (MenuUtils), Jan-Herman Buining (WASP application
from which I worked out how to do RAM file transfers) and lastly
the wife (Hilke) for putting up with me pounding away at a
keyboard for hours when we could have been looking for new
furniture instead.
9 Future Enhancements
The software will become faster and be able to leap tall
buildings with a single bound. Bugs and limitations will become
fewer as well.
- Support for automatic handling of more
complicated icon types, for example
sliders, rotating knobs etc
(steady now don't get carried away)
- Import and display of DrawFiles and
Sprites
- Inclusion of more debugging aids
- More drag types
- Autoscroll handler when object is
dragged within a window
- Colour pick dialogs
- Automatic handling of non-icon text
within a window (like C txt objects)
- Playing of Maestro tunes (ArchWay does!)
- Extending message file useage to icons/
windows/menus
- Replay Films (!!!)
- Better multiple file buffers
- Complete German message files
- Choice of message file language from
within program
- Automatic attaching of 'hot key' events
by examining menu text
10 Changes Since V1.14
V1.20 - Now uses MenuUtils module for menu handling
- Added routine PROCshell_IconSetSelected
- Added routine PROCshell_IconSetUnselectable
- Added routine FNshell_StrongHlpIsAvailable
- Added routine FNshell_MenuNew
- Added routine FNshell_MenuAdd
- Added routine FNshell_MenuDelete
- Added routine FNshell_MenuColours
- Added routine FNshell_MenuDotted
- Added routine FNshell_MenuWritable
- Added routine FNshell_MenuTickOnly1
- Added routine FNshell_MenuTickOnly2
- Modified all other menu routines
- Added routine FNshell_StrongHlpIsAvailable
- Added routine PROCshell_AttachPreQuitHandler
- Added routine PROCshell_AttachOpenWindowHandler
- Added routine PROCshell_AttachCloseWindowHandler
- Added routine FNshell_SpriteAreaLoad
- Added routine PROCshell_SpriteAreaSave
- Added routine FNshell_SpriteGetPtr
- Added routine PROCshell_SpriteRename
- Added routine FNshell_OSCheckVersion
- Added routine FNshell_OSCheckModuleVersion
- Added routine PROCshell_IconSetLeftJust
- Fixed PROCshell_IconSetRightJust
- Writable icon handler now ignores unselectable icons
when moving caret
- Added support for ResFind (internationalisation of
messages etc)
V1.21 - Added support for Joe Taylor's !ThrowBack error
handler (see Archimedes World Sep 1993)
V1.22 - Clicking on a 'bump' icon with ADJUST now has the
opposite effect to clicking with SELECT
- Improved error handling and messages
- PROCshell_AttachDataSave now alters icon button
type of file icon to click/drag and generates an
error if the file icon is not a sprite
- PROCshell_AttachMenu now sets button type of icon
to 3 (Click)
- Bug fix to menu attach routine (a menu could appear
when another event occurs such as ClickSelect)
- Added routine <FNhell_IconIsDraggable
- Added routine FNshell_IconIsSprite
- Added routine FNshell_GetString
- Added routine PROCshell_Ensure
- Added routine PROCshell_IconPutDataNow
- Added routine PROCshell_MessageSendDataLoad
V1.23 - Bug fix for auto press of icon 0 when RETURN is
pressed in last writable icon
V1.24 - Bug fix for pane handler (pane was not opening fully
when wimp adjusts parent window coords - if title is
changed for example). Pane handling is still not 100%
when a mode change event occurs though
V1.25 - Added routine FNshell_MenuMakeFromFile
- Added routine FNshell_BinarySearch
- Added routine FNshell_MenuGetNrItems
- Added routine FNshell_MenuGetNrDotted
- Added routine FNshell_MenuGetItemHandle
- Added routine FNshell_MenuGetItemHeight
- Added routine FNshell_MenuGetItemHandler
- Added routine FNshell_MenuCalculateHeight
- Added routine FNshell_MenuGetText
- Added routine PROCshell_QuickSort
- Added routine PROCshell_MenuSortItems
- Added routine PROCshell_WindowCentreOnPointer
- PROCshell_IconPutData now checks if the new text
to put into the icon is the same as the existing
text. If it is, no action is taken avoiding flickering
of the icon
- 'Popup' menus (menus attached to icons in windows other
than the iconbar) now appear to the right of the icon,
the pointer also being relocated. ADJUST no longer
opens a 'popup' menu (Recommendations from the RISC OS
3 Style Guide)
- Bug fix to menu opening routine (MENU sometimes failed
to open a 'popup' menu)
- TAB/SHIFT TAB now move caret between writable icons.
RETURN now only activates icon 0, it does not move the
caret (Style Guide recommendations)
V1.26 - Added routine PROCshell_WindowSetTitleRightJust
- Added routine PROCshell_WindowSetTitleCentreJust
- Added routine PROCshell_WindowCentreOnScreen
- Added routine FNshell_GetLastMouseButton
- Added routine FNshell_GetLastWindowClicked
- Added routine FNshell_GetLastIconClicked
- Running out of memory does not now cause a fatal error
and shut down of the application
- Double clicking on a file 'belonging' to an application
now causes the application to start up and load the file
- 'Sprites22' file containing hi-res sprites automatically
detected and loaded if the program is started in a hi-res
screen mode
- Bug fix to PROCshell_WindowMoveToIcon (window was
sometimes moved to wrong position because the scroll
offset of the icon bar was not being taken into account)
Note: This fix only for RISC OS 3 users
- Bug fix to PROCshell_IconbarSetText (new text not always
redrawn because the scroll offset of the icon bar was not
being taken into account)
Note: This fix only for RISC OS 3 users
- Click on a radio icon with ADJUST selects icon to avoid
the
situation where all radio buttons in a group are off
V1.27 - Bug fix to writable icon handler (could cause a crash if
more than 5 writable icons in one window)
- Bug fix to template loading routine which sometimes did
not
allocate enough buffer space
V1.28 - Documentation updated for PROCshell_QuickSort and
PROCshell_OpenMenu. Added documentation for DrawLib
- Added routine PROCshell_FontGetHandle
- Added routine PROCshell_FontSetColour
- Added routine FNshell_FontForgetFont
- Fixed problem with applications loading files on a double
click in a Filer window when the files should have been
loaded by another application e.g. !Draw
V1.29 - Bug fix to dataload routine introduced in 1.28. Double
click loads now ok
- Fixed bug in FNshell_OSModuleCheckVersion
- Improved StrongHlp initialisation code, now checks files
actually exist
V1.30 - Added PROCshell_CaretPutFirstIcon
- Added PROCshell_CaretPutLastIcon
- Added PROCshell_CaretPutNextIcon
- Added PROCshell_CaretPutPrevIcon
- CTRL Cursor Up/Down move the caret to the first/last writable
icons in a window respectively 00000000 20 20 20 20 20 20 49 6e 74 65 72 69 6d 20 55 73 | Interim Us|
00000010 65 72 20 4d 61 6e 75 61 6c 20 46 6f 72 20 45 76 |er Manual For Ev|
00000020 6e 74 53 68 65 6c 6c 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 2d 2d |ntShell. --|
00000030 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |----------------|
00000040 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a |---------------.|
00000050 20 20 20 20 20 20 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 31 20 20 | . 1 |
00000060 49 6e 74 72 6f 64 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 20 20 20 |Introduction |
00000070 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00000080 20 20 20 20 20 20 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 32 20 20 | . 2 |
00000090 43 72 65 61 74 69 6e 67 20 41 20 4e 65 77 20 41 |Creating A New A|
000000a0 70 70 6c 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 0a 20 20 20 20 20 |pplication. |
000000b0 20 33 20 20 41 20 54 75 74 6f 72 69 61 6c 0a 20 | 3 A Tutorial. |
000000c0 20 20 20 20 20 34 20 20 41 20 47 65 6e 65 72 61 | 4 A Genera|
000000d0 6c 20 4f 76 65 72 76 69 65 77 0a 20 20 20 20 20 |l Overview. |
000000e0 20 20 20 20 20 31 2e 20 20 44 79 6e 61 6d 69 63 | 1. Dynamic|
000000f0 20 57 69 6e 64 6f 77 73 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | Windows. |
00000100 20 20 20 32 2e 20 20 53 74 61 74 69 63 20 57 69 | 2. Static Wi|
00000110 6e 64 6f 77 73 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ndows. |
00000120 33 2e 20 20 52 65 73 6f 75 72 63 65 73 0a 20 20 |3. Resources. |
00000130 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 31 2e 20 | 1. |
00000140 54 65 6d 70 6c 61 74 65 73 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 |Templates. |
00000150 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 32 2e 20 53 70 72 69 | 2. Spri|
00000160 74 65 73 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |tes. |
00000170 20 20 20 33 2e 20 4d 65 73 73 61 67 65 20 46 69 | 3. Message Fi|
00000180 6c 65 73 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |les. |
00000190 20 20 20 34 2e 20 4d 6f 64 75 6c 65 73 0a 20 20 | 4. Modules. |
000001a0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 34 2e 20 20 4d 65 6e 75 | 4. Menu|
000001b0 73 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 35 2e 20 20 |s. 5. |
000001c0 53 61 76 69 6e 67 20 46 69 6c 65 73 0a 20 20 20 |Saving Files. |
000001d0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 36 2e 20 20 4c 6f 61 64 69 | 6. Loadi|
000001e0 6e 67 20 46 69 6c 65 73 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ng Files. |
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*
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