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L/+LEAP1
This website contains an archive of files for the Acorn Electron, BBC Micro, Acorn Archimedes, Commodore 16 and Commodore 64 computers, which Dominic Ford has rescued from his private collection of floppy disks and cassettes.
Some of these files were originally commercial releases in the 1980s and 1990s, but they are now widely available online. I assume that copyright over them is no longer being asserted. If you own the copyright and would like files to be removed, please contact me.
| Tape/disk: | Home » Personal collection » Acorn ADFS disks » Electron_User_Group » EUG_29.ADF |
| Filename: | L/+LEAP1 |
| Read OK: | ✔ |
| File size: | 0A3C bytes |
| Load address: | 000D |
| Exec address: | 1010000 |
File contents
227 Cricklade Road, Swindon, Wiltshire, SN2 1AE. 01793 488020 Electron User Group 25 Bertie Road Southsea Hampshie PO4 8JX 27 NOVEMBER 1996 Dear Gus Seasons greetings! LEAP YEARS AND THE MILLENIUM. What's all this about 2000 not being a leap year. It is a leap year. The rules are straightforward as to which years do and do not leap. Calling the figures of a year CCYY (Thus in 1996 19 is CC and 96 is YY); when YY is exactly divisible by four, that is no remainder, it is a leap year. By that logic NO year that ends 00 is a leap year and there is an eight year gap between CC96 and CC04. This corrects the slight over compensation caused by an extra day every four years. However, because it OVER corrects the following amendment is applied: where YY is equal to 00 and CC is exactly divisible by four the leap year is restored. And so 2000 is a leap year but 1900 was not, and neither will 2100. I suspect 10000 is not a leap year, but I don't know. (And if the British library 'said' 2000 was a leap I expect they were misquoted.) I know this because for years I worked as an analyst for the Human Resources (Payroll, Pensions and Personnel) software function of a building Society. Since the early 'fifties pensions administrators have had to be aware of the 'leapness' of 2000 because pensions are heavily concerned with the retirement date of the pensioner. Thus a fifty year working life begun in 1952 ends in 2002 if the pensioner was 15 in 1952. Computerisation for these systems begun during the 1970's (And still isn't complete for occupational schemes) and are frequently updated with the constant change in legislation. The retirement date of a pension contributor is fundamental to the whole process from its onset and will dictate the final and ongoing insurance liability of the pension provider. They need to know the exact number of DAYS involved. Similarly mortgage providers, for all the mortgages that mature on or after 1 March 2000 they need to know they get an extra days interest on the contract. Don't think banks and building societies will miss out on a days extra dosh because they don't know the calendar. Where the real systems problems arise are with time but not date specific software. Such as PC and network operating systems. Fortunately 29/2/00 falls on a Tuesday, midweek, and so many of the timing considerations of a city load of traffic lights, for example, will not be felt until the following Saturday - allowing Saturday afternoon and Sunday to reset for the Monday rush. Comforting or what? Regards, Christopher Chadwick
00000000 32 32 37 20 43 72 69 63 6b 6c 61 64 65 20 52 6f |227 Cricklade Ro| 00000010 61 64 2c 20 53 77 69 6e 64 6f 6e 2c 20 57 69 6c |ad, Swindon, Wil| 00000020 74 73 68 69 72 65 2c 20 53 4e 32 20 31 41 45 2e |tshire, SN2 1AE.| 00000030 20 30 31 37 39 33 20 34 38 38 30 32 30 0d 0d 09 | 01793 488020...| 00000040 45 6c 65 63 74 72 6f 6e 20 55 73 65 72 20 47 72 |Electron User Gr| 00000050 6f 75 70 0d 09 32 35 20 42 65 72 74 69 65 20 52 |oup..25 Bertie R| 00000060 6f 61 64 0d 09 53 6f 75 74 68 73 65 61 20 20 20 |oad..Southsea | 00000070 20 09 20 09 09 09 09 0d 09 48 61 6d 70 73 68 69 | . ......Hampshi| 00000080 65 0d 09 50 4f 34 20 20 38 4a 58 20 20 09 09 09 |e..PO4 8JX ...| 00000090 09 09 32 37 20 4e 4f 56 45 4d 42 45 52 20 31 39 |..27 NOVEMBER 19| 000000a0 39 36 0d 0d 0d 44 65 61 72 20 47 75 73 0d 0d 53 |96...Dear Gus..S| 000000b0 65 61 73 6f 6e 73 20 67 72 65 65 74 69 6e 67 73 |easons greetings| 000000c0 21 0d 0d 4c 45 41 50 20 59 45 41 52 53 20 41 4e |!..LEAP YEARS AN| 000000d0 44 20 54 48 45 20 4d 49 4c 4c 45 4e 49 55 4d 2e |D THE MILLENIUM.| 000000e0 0d 0d 57 68 61 74 27 73 20 61 6c 6c 20 74 68 69 |..What's all thi| 000000f0 73 20 61 62 6f 75 74 20 32 30 30 30 20 6e 6f 74 |s about 2000 not| 00000100 20 62 65 69 6e 67 20 61 20 6c 65 61 70 20 79 65 | being a leap ye| 00000110 61 72 2e 20 20 49 74 20 69 73 20 61 20 6c 65 61 |ar. It is a lea| 00000120 70 20 79 65 61 72 2e 20 20 54 68 65 0d 72 75 6c |p year. The.rul| 00000130 65 73 20 61 72 65 20 73 74 72 61 69 67 68 74 66 |es are straightf| 00000140 6f 72 77 61 72 64 20 61 73 20 74 6f 20 77 68 69 |orward as to whi| 00000150 63 68 20 79 65 61 72 73 20 64 6f 20 61 6e 64 20 |ch years do and | 00000160 64 6f 20 6e 6f 74 20 6c 65 61 70 2e 0d 0d 43 61 |do not leap...Ca| 00000170 6c 6c 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 67 75 72 65 |lling the figure| 00000180 73 20 6f 66 20 61 20 79 65 61 72 20 43 43 59 59 |s of a year CCYY| 00000190 20 28 54 68 75 73 20 69 6e 20 31 39 39 36 20 31 | (Thus in 1996 1| 000001a0 39 20 69 73 20 43 43 20 61 6e 64 20 39 36 20 69 |9 is CC and 96 i| 000001b0 73 20 59 59 29 3b 0d 77 68 65 6e 20 59 59 20 69 |s YY);.when YY i| 000001c0 73 20 65 78 61 63 74 6c 79 20 64 69 76 69 73 69 |s exactly divisi| 000001d0 62 6c 65 20 62 79 20 66 6f 75 72 2c 20 74 68 61 |ble by four, tha| 000001e0 74 20 69 73 20 6e 6f 20 72 65 6d 61 69 6e 64 65 |t is no remainde| 000001f0 72 2c 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 61 20 6c 65 61 70 0d |r, it is a leap.| 00000200 79 65 61 72 2e 20 20 42 79 20 74 68 61 74 20 6c |year. By that l| 00000210 6f 67 69 63 20 4e 4f 20 79 65 61 72 20 74 68 61 |ogic NO year tha| 00000220 74 20 65 6e 64 73 20 30 30 20 69 73 20 61 20 6c |t ends 00 is a l| 00000230 65 61 70 20 79 65 61 72 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 |eap year and the| 00000240 72 65 20 69 73 20 61 6e 0d 65 69 67 68 74 20 79 |re is an.eight y| 00000250 65 61 72 20 67 61 70 20 62 65 74 77 65 65 6e 20 |ear gap between | 00000260 43 43 39 36 20 61 6e 64 20 43 43 30 34 2e 20 54 |CC96 and CC04. T| 00000270 68 69 73 20 63 6f 72 72 65 63 74 73 20 74 68 65 |his corrects the| 00000280 20 73 6c 69 67 68 74 20 6f 76 65 72 0d 63 6f 6d | slight over.com| 00000290 70 65 6e 73 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 63 61 75 73 65 64 |pensation caused| 000002a0 20 62 79 20 61 6e 20 65 78 74 72 61 20 64 61 79 | by an extra day| 000002b0 20 65 76 65 72 79 20 66 6f 75 72 20 79 65 61 72 | every four year| 000002c0 73 2e 20 20 48 6f 77 65 76 65 72 2c 20 62 65 63 |s. However, bec| 000002d0 61 75 73 65 20 69 74 0d 4f 56 45 52 20 63 6f 72 |ause it.OVER cor| 000002e0 72 65 63 74 73 20 74 68 65 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 |rects the follow| 000002f0 69 6e 67 20 61 6d 65 6e 64 6d 65 6e 74 20 69 73 |ing amendment is| 00000300 20 61 70 70 6c 69 65 64 3a 20 77 68 65 72 65 20 | applied: where | 00000310 59 59 20 69 73 20 65 71 75 61 6c 20 74 6f 20 30 |YY is equal to 0| 00000320 30 0d 61 6e 64 20 43 43 20 69 73 20 65 78 61 63 |0.and CC is exac| 00000330 74 6c 79 20 64 69 76 69 73 69 62 6c 65 20 62 79 |tly divisible by| 00000340 20 66 6f 75 72 20 74 68 65 20 6c 65 61 70 20 79 | four the leap y| 00000350 65 61 72 20 69 73 20 72 65 73 74 6f 72 65 64 2e |ear is restored.| 00000360 20 20 0d 41 6e 64 20 73 6f 20 32 30 30 30 20 69 | .And so 2000 i| 00000370 73 20 61 20 6c 65 61 70 20 79 65 61 72 20 62 75 |s a leap year bu| 00000380 74 20 31 39 30 30 20 77 61 73 20 6e 6f 74 2c 20 |t 1900 was not, | 00000390 61 6e 64 20 6e 65 69 74 68 65 72 20 77 69 6c 6c |and neither will| 000003a0 20 32 31 30 30 2e 20 20 0d 0d 49 20 73 75 73 70 | 2100. ..I susp| 000003b0 65 63 74 20 31 30 30 30 30 20 69 73 20 6e 6f 74 |ect 10000 is not| 000003c0 20 61 20 6c 65 61 70 20 79 65 61 72 2c 20 62 75 | a leap year, bu| 000003d0 74 20 49 20 64 6f 6e 27 74 20 6b 6e 6f 77 2e 20 |t I don't know. | 000003e0 28 41 6e 64 20 69 66 20 74 68 65 20 42 72 69 74 |(And if the Brit| 000003f0 69 73 68 0d 6c 69 62 72 61 72 79 20 27 73 61 69 |ish.library 'sai| 00000400 64 27 20 32 30 30 30 20 77 61 73 20 61 20 6c 65 |d' 2000 was a le| 00000410 61 70 20 49 20 65 78 70 65 63 74 20 74 68 65 79 |ap I expect they| 00000420 20 77 65 72 65 20 6d 69 73 71 75 6f 74 65 64 2e | were misquoted.| 00000430 29 0d 0d 49 20 6b 6e 6f 77 20 74 68 69 73 20 62 |)..I know this b| 00000440 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 66 6f 72 20 79 65 61 72 73 |ecause for years| 00000450 20 49 20 77 6f 72 6b 65 64 20 61 73 20 61 6e 20 | I worked as an | 00000460 61 6e 61 6c 79 73 74 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 |analyst for the | 00000470 48 75 6d 61 6e 0d 52 65 73 6f 75 72 63 65 73 20 |Human.Resources | 00000480 28 50 61 79 72 6f 6c 6c 2c 20 50 65 6e 73 69 6f |(Payroll, Pensio| 00000490 6e 73 20 61 6e 64 20 50 65 72 73 6f 6e 6e 65 6c |ns and Personnel| 000004a0 29 20 73 6f 66 74 77 61 72 65 20 66 75 6e 63 74 |) software funct| 000004b0 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 61 0d 62 75 69 6c 64 69 6e |ion of a.buildin| 000004c0 67 20 53 6f 63 69 65 74 79 2e 20 20 53 69 6e 63 |g Society. Sinc| 000004d0 65 20 74 68 65 20 65 61 72 6c 79 20 27 66 69 66 |e the early 'fif| 000004e0 74 69 65 73 20 70 65 6e 73 69 6f 6e 73 20 61 64 |ties pensions ad| 000004f0 6d 69 6e 69 73 74 72 61 74 6f 72 73 20 68 61 76 |ministrators hav| 00000500 65 0d 68 61 64 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 61 77 61 72 |e.had to be awar| 00000510 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 27 6c 65 61 70 6e 65 |e of the 'leapne| 00000520 73 73 27 20 6f 66 20 32 30 30 30 20 62 65 63 61 |ss' of 2000 beca| 00000530 75 73 65 20 70 65 6e 73 69 6f 6e 73 20 61 72 65 |use pensions are| 00000540 20 68 65 61 76 69 6c 79 0d 63 6f 6e 63 65 72 6e | heavily.concern| 00000550 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 74 69 |ed with the reti| 00000560 72 65 6d 65 6e 74 20 64 61 74 65 20 6f 66 20 74 |rement date of t| 00000570 68 65 20 70 65 6e 73 69 6f 6e 65 72 2e 20 20 54 |he pensioner. T| 00000580 68 75 73 20 61 20 66 69 66 74 79 20 79 65 61 72 |hus a fifty year| 00000590 0d 77 6f 72 6b 69 6e 67 20 6c 69 66 65 20 62 65 |.working life be| 000005a0 67 75 6e 20 69 6e 20 31 39 35 32 20 65 6e 64 73 |gun in 1952 ends| 000005b0 20 69 6e 20 32 30 30 32 20 69 66 20 74 68 65 20 | in 2002 if the | 000005c0 70 65 6e 73 69 6f 6e 65 72 20 77 61 73 20 31 35 |pensioner was 15| 000005d0 20 69 6e 20 31 39 35 32 2e 20 0d 0d 43 6f 6d 70 | in 1952. ..Comp| 000005e0 75 74 65 72 69 73 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 66 6f 72 20 |uterisation for | 000005f0 74 68 65 73 65 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d 73 20 62 65 |these systems be| 00000600 67 75 6e 20 64 75 72 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 31 |gun during the 1| 00000610 39 37 30 27 73 20 28 41 6e 64 20 73 74 69 6c 6c |970's (And still| 00000620 20 69 73 6e 27 74 0d 63 6f 6d 70 6c 65 74 65 20 | isn't.complete | 00000630 66 6f 72 20 6f 63 63 75 70 61 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c |for occupational| 00000640 20 73 63 68 65 6d 65 73 29 20 61 6e 64 20 61 72 | schemes) and ar| 00000650 65 20 66 72 65 71 75 65 6e 74 6c 79 20 75 70 64 |e frequently upd| 00000660 61 74 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 0d 63 6f |ated with the.co| 00000670 6e 73 74 61 6e 74 20 63 68 61 6e 67 65 20 69 6e |nstant change in| 00000680 20 6c 65 67 69 73 6c 61 74 69 6f 6e 2e 20 20 54 | legislation. T| 00000690 68 65 20 72 65 74 69 72 65 6d 65 6e 74 20 64 61 |he retirement da| 000006a0 74 65 20 6f 66 20 61 20 70 65 6e 73 69 6f 6e 0d |te of a pension.| 000006b0 63 6f 6e 74 72 69 62 75 74 6f 72 20 69 73 20 66 |contributor is f| 000006c0 75 6e 64 61 6d 65 6e 74 61 6c 20 74 6f 20 74 68 |undamental to th| 000006d0 65 20 77 68 6f 6c 65 20 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 20 |e whole process | 000006e0 66 72 6f 6d 20 69 74 73 20 6f 6e 73 65 74 20 61 |from its onset a| 000006f0 6e 64 20 77 69 6c 6c 0d 64 69 63 74 61 74 65 20 |nd will.dictate | 00000700 74 68 65 20 66 69 6e 61 6c 20 61 6e 64 20 6f 6e |the final and on| 00000710 67 6f 69 6e 67 20 69 6e 73 75 72 61 6e 63 65 20 |going insurance | 00000720 6c 69 61 62 69 6c 69 74 79 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 |liability of the| 00000730 20 70 65 6e 73 69 6f 6e 20 70 72 6f 76 69 64 65 | pension provide| 00000740 72 2e 20 0d 54 68 65 79 20 6e 65 65 64 20 74 6f |r. .They need to| 00000750 20 6b 6e 6f 77 20 74 68 65 20 65 78 61 63 74 20 | know the exact | 00000760 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 6f 66 20 44 41 59 53 20 69 |number of DAYS i| 00000770 6e 76 6f 6c 76 65 64 2e 0d 0d 53 69 6d 69 6c 61 |nvolved...Simila| 00000780 72 6c 79 20 6d 6f 72 74 67 61 67 65 20 70 72 6f |rly mortgage pro| 00000790 76 69 64 65 72 73 2c 20 66 6f 72 20 61 6c 6c 20 |viders, for all | 000007a0 74 68 65 20 6d 6f 72 74 67 61 67 65 73 20 74 68 |the mortgages th| 000007b0 61 74 20 6d 61 74 75 72 65 20 6f 6e 20 6f 72 0d |at mature on or.| 000007c0 61 66 74 65 72 20 31 20 4d 61 72 63 68 20 32 30 |after 1 March 20| 000007d0 30 30 20 74 68 65 79 20 6e 65 65 64 20 74 6f 20 |00 they need to | 000007e0 6b 6e 6f 77 20 74 68 65 79 20 67 65 74 20 61 6e |know they get an| 000007f0 20 65 78 74 72 61 20 64 61 79 73 20 69 6e 74 65 | extra days inte| 00000800 72 65 73 74 20 6f 6e 0d 74 68 65 20 63 6f 6e 74 |rest on.the cont| 00000810 72 61 63 74 2e 20 20 44 6f 6e 27 74 20 74 68 69 |ract. Don't thi| 00000820 6e 6b 20 62 61 6e 6b 73 20 61 6e 64 20 62 75 69 |nk banks and bui| 00000830 6c 64 69 6e 67 20 73 6f 63 69 65 74 69 65 73 20 |lding societies | 00000840 77 69 6c 6c 20 6d 69 73 73 20 6f 75 74 20 6f 6e |will miss out on| 00000850 20 61 0d 64 61 79 73 20 65 78 74 72 61 20 64 6f | a.days extra do| 00000860 73 68 20 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 74 68 65 79 20 |sh because they | 00000870 64 6f 6e 27 74 20 6b 6e 6f 77 20 74 68 65 20 63 |don't know the c| 00000880 61 6c 65 6e 64 61 72 2e 0d 0d 57 68 65 72 65 20 |alendar...Where | 00000890 74 68 65 20 72 65 61 6c 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d 73 |the real systems| 000008a0 20 70 72 6f 62 6c 65 6d 73 20 61 72 69 73 65 20 | problems arise | 000008b0 61 72 65 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 69 6d 65 20 62 75 |are with time bu| 000008c0 74 20 6e 6f 74 20 64 61 74 65 20 73 70 65 63 69 |t not date speci| 000008d0 66 69 63 0d 73 6f 66 74 77 61 72 65 2e 20 20 53 |fic.software. S| 000008e0 75 63 68 20 61 73 20 50 43 20 61 6e 64 20 6e 65 |uch as PC and ne| 000008f0 74 77 6f 72 6b 20 6f 70 65 72 61 74 69 6e 67 20 |twork operating | 00000900 73 79 73 74 65 6d 73 2e 20 20 46 6f 72 74 75 6e |systems. Fortun| 00000910 61 74 65 6c 79 20 32 39 2f 32 2f 30 30 0d 66 61 |ately 29/2/00.fa| 00000920 6c 6c 73 20 6f 6e 20 61 20 54 75 65 73 64 61 79 |lls on a Tuesday| 00000930 2c 20 6d 69 64 77 65 65 6b 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 73 |, midweek, and s| 00000940 6f 20 6d 61 6e 79 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 74 69 |o many of the ti| 00000950 6d 69 6e 67 20 63 6f 6e 73 69 64 65 72 61 74 69 |ming considerati| 00000960 6f 6e 73 20 6f 66 20 61 0d 63 69 74 79 20 6c 6f |ons of a.city lo| 00000970 61 64 20 6f 66 20 74 72 61 66 66 69 63 20 6c 69 |ad of traffic li| 00000980 67 68 74 73 2c 20 66 6f 72 20 65 78 61 6d 70 6c |ghts, for exampl| 00000990 65 2c 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 6e 6f 74 20 62 65 20 66 |e, will not be f| 000009a0 65 6c 74 20 75 6e 74 69 6c 20 74 68 65 0d 66 6f |elt until the.fo| 000009b0 6c 6c 6f 77 69 6e 67 20 53 61 74 75 72 64 61 79 |llowing Saturday| 000009c0 20 2d 20 61 6c 6c 6f 77 69 6e 67 20 53 61 74 75 | - allowing Satu| 000009d0 72 64 61 79 20 61 66 74 65 72 6e 6f 6f 6e 20 61 |rday afternoon a| 000009e0 6e 64 20 53 75 6e 64 61 79 20 74 6f 20 72 65 73 |nd Sunday to res| 000009f0 65 74 20 66 6f 72 0d 74 68 65 20 4d 6f 6e 64 61 |et for.the Monda| 00000a00 79 20 72 75 73 68 2e 20 20 43 6f 6d 66 6f 72 74 |y rush. Comfort| 00000a10 69 6e 67 20 6f 72 20 77 68 61 74 3f 0d 0d 52 65 |ing or what?..Re| 00000a20 67 61 72 64 73 2c 20 43 68 72 69 73 74 6f 70 68 |gards, Christoph| 00000a30 65 72 20 43 68 61 64 77 69 63 6b 0d |er Chadwick.| 00000a3c
L/+LEAP1.m0
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L/+LEAP1.m5
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