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CAD/CADNew/+CAD1
This website contains an archive of files for the Acorn Electron, BBC Micro, Acorn Archimedes, Commodore 16 and Commodore 64 computers, which Dominic Ford has rescued from his private collection of floppy disks and cassettes.
Some of these files were originally commercial releases in the 1980s and 1990s, but they are now widely available online. I assume that copyright over them is no longer being asserted. If you own the copyright and would like files to be removed, please contact me.
| Tape/disk: | Home » Personal collection » Acorn ADFS disks » Greaseweazled » dfs_box04_disk02b_eug_scripts.adf |
| Filename: | CAD/CADNew/+CAD1 |
| Read OK: | ✔ |
| File size: | 1CB8 bytes |
| Load address: | 2B204556 |
| Exec address: | 31444143 |
File contents
Advanced CAD Version 1.0 Written by Dominic Ford 1998 This program is intended to allow the user to enter circuit schematic diagrams into their computer. This can be useful for a number of reasons, whether it be to create a computer library of useful circuits, to aid with the design process of a circuit, or simply to enable you to enter circuit diagrams into your documents with ease. Some users may remember the CAD+ program which was published on EUG a couple of years back. This program is similar in that it performs the same task, although there are a number of fundamental differences between how the two operate. The main difference is that this program is "object-based" whereas CAD+ was not. This means that when you place a component, it stores the fact that there is a component there, as opposed to simply placing a picture of the component at the relevant coordinates in a grid of pixels. This makes editting a lot easier. To move a component in CAD+ was a nightmare - you had to carefully remove the component from its original position, place it in its new position, and then redraw any links to it manually. In Advanced CAD, you can simply click on the component, drag it across the screen, and you are done. The component will be removed from its old location, redrawn in the new position, and any links to it will update automatically. This is not the only benefit of the object-based system. Storing a pixel array in the way CAD+ does takes a huge amount of memory, and you cannot fit that many circuits onto a disc. In this program, the files are a fraction of the size (a complex circuit might take a tenth the space taken up by a CAD+ file, a simple circuit more like a fiftieth). I will now describe step-by-step how to operate Advanced CAD. I am assuming that you have the program running in front of you - if not, I strongly recommend that you print this out. It will be fairly heavy going without seeing the software to understand what I am talking about! SELECTING AN INPUT DEVICE When you first start up Advanced CAD, you are asked what input device you would like to use to control the program. You can use an AMX Mouse, an analougue joystick, or the keyboard. First, you are asked if you wish to use an AMX mouse. Only answer yes (ie. press M for mouse) if you are using a BBC Micro with the AMX Mouse ROM installed. If you select mouse control, the pointer will be controlled soully by the mouse, and keyboard/joystick control will be disabled. If you select keyboard control, you have the option of having joystick control as well (these two input devices can operate together). Only answer yes to this if you have a joystick plugged into your computer's analougue port, otherwise the floating lines of the port may well effect the input received, making the program unusable. Once you have selected your input device, the main program loads. You are then confronted with the CAD Editor screen. At the centre is a cross-haired pointer which you can control with the selected input device(s). The controls are as follows: Keyboard: Z = Left, X = Right, * = Up, ? = Down, RETURN = Click. Joystick: Fairly obvious, any one of the buttons to click. Mouse: Left button to click; Middle button to move component; Right button to add component. The latter two are shortcuts to two of the more commonly used features. See later for description of these. A BRIEF TOUR OF ADVANCED CAD Start up Advanced CAD with a fresh page (ie. how the program is when it starts up). Click the pointer with the selected input device, and a menu will appear. This is the menu of basic CAD functions. They are as follows: File - Bring up a subsiduary menu of filing options (Load, Save, etc.) Add - Add a component to the circuit. Cancel - Oops, I didn't mean to bring that menu up - Go away! You can move up and down the menu with the mouse, joystick (you have to waggle it), the keys * and ?, or the cursor keys. For the moment, select "Add" (ie. move down once until Add is highlighted, and click). The menu will disappear, and a capacitor will appear under the pointer. You have just added a component to the circuit design. Now move the pointer left a little way, until it is away from the capacitor. We now want to add another component to the design - a battery. First, you must select battery on the list at the top of the screen. Use the cursor keys to scroll this list down until "Battery" is highlighted. When you add a component now, it will be a battery, not a capacitor. Do so - click the pointer with "Battery" selected at the top, and then click on "Add". A battery will now appear to the left of the capacitor, under the pointer. Suppose we now want to link the two components together. First, click on one of the two components. I will assume here that you have clicked on the battery for ease of explaining the process, although the process is very similar if you click on the capacitor first. When you click on the component, the "Object" menu appears. This menu relates to functions which you can perform on that component to manipulate it, and has the following options: File - Same as on main menu (filing options eg. load/save) Move - Move a component around the screen. Delete - Removes a component from the circuit, and deletes any links to it. Label - Labels the component to make it clear what it does. Link - Connect to components together. Cancel - Once again, there is an "Oops" escape route. We want to link to components together, so select "Link". Next, you are asked which of the terminals of the battery you wish to connect on a secondary menu. For the purposes of this example, select the Anode. You have now instructed Advanced CAD to make a connection to the anode of the battery. Notice that the status box at the top of the screen changes from "Ready" to "Linking" to show this change of state. You now have to specify where you want to link this terminal to. Move the pointer to the component that you want to link to (in this case the capacitor), and click on it. This time the object menu does not come up, because you are in the middle of making a link. Instead a menu comes up asking which terminal you wish to link to. In this example, select "Left". Once you do this, you will have completed the link, and the status will return to "Ready". Notice that a line has been drawn between the anode of the battery and the left terminal of the capacitor, as requested. It is not clear at the moment what voltage the battery is, or what capacitance the capacitor should have. For purposes such as these, you may well want to label components with text. For this you click on the component you wish to label and bring up the "Object" menu. This time select "Label". A 4x2 character box will appear for you to enter your label. To move the cursor without typing, use the cursor keys, and to enter your label, press RETURN. Notice that the label you entered is now displayed above the component. You may think that 4x2 characters is rather limiting, and it is. This is intended to be sufficient to give a value such as 4k7 and a number to each part. It is generally considered good practice to use an indexing system, anyway (eg. label a resistor as R1, and then have a footnote seperately, entitled R1, to explain what the resistor does).
00000000 41 64 76 61 6e 63 65 64 20 43 41 44 20 56 65 72 |Advanced CAD Ver| 00000010 73 69 6f 6e 20 31 2e 30 0d 57 72 69 74 74 65 6e |sion 1.0.Written| 00000020 20 62 79 20 44 6f 6d 69 6e 69 63 20 46 6f 72 64 | by Dominic Ford| 00000030 20 31 39 39 38 0d 0d 54 68 69 73 20 70 72 6f 67 | 1998..This prog| 00000040 72 61 6d 20 69 73 20 69 6e 74 65 6e 64 65 64 20 |ram is intended | 00000050 74 6f 20 61 6c 6c 6f 77 20 74 68 65 20 75 73 65 |to allow the use| 00000060 72 20 74 6f 20 65 6e 74 65 72 20 63 69 72 63 75 |r to enter circu| 00000070 69 74 20 73 63 68 65 6d 61 74 69 63 0d 64 69 61 |it schematic.dia| 00000080 67 72 61 6d 73 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 74 68 65 69 72 |grams into their| 00000090 20 63 6f 6d 70 75 74 65 72 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20 | computer. This | 000000a0 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 75 73 65 66 75 6c 20 66 6f |can be useful fo| 000000b0 72 20 61 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 6f 66 20 72 65 |r a number of re| 000000c0 61 73 6f 6e 73 2c 0d 77 68 65 74 68 65 72 20 69 |asons,.whether i| 000000d0 74 20 62 65 20 74 6f 20 63 72 65 61 74 65 20 61 |t be to create a| 000000e0 20 63 6f 6d 70 75 74 65 72 20 6c 69 62 72 61 72 | computer librar| 000000f0 79 20 6f 66 20 75 73 65 66 75 6c 20 63 69 72 63 |y of useful circ| 00000100 75 69 74 73 2c 20 74 6f 20 61 69 64 20 77 69 74 |uits, to aid wit| 00000110 68 0d 74 68 65 20 64 65 73 69 67 6e 20 70 72 6f |h.the design pro| 00000120 63 65 73 73 20 6f 66 20 61 20 63 69 72 63 75 69 |cess of a circui| 00000130 74 2c 20 6f 72 20 73 69 6d 70 6c 79 20 74 6f 20 |t, or simply to | 00000140 65 6e 61 62 6c 65 20 79 6f 75 20 74 6f 20 65 6e |enable you to en| 00000150 74 65 72 20 63 69 72 63 75 69 74 0d 64 69 61 67 |ter circuit.diag| 00000160 72 61 6d 73 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 79 6f 75 72 20 64 |rams into your d| 00000170 6f 63 75 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 77 69 74 68 20 65 61 |ocuments with ea| 00000180 73 65 2e 0d 0d 53 6f 6d 65 20 75 73 65 72 73 20 |se...Some users | 00000190 6d 61 79 20 72 65 6d 65 6d 62 65 72 20 74 68 65 |may remember the| 000001a0 20 43 41 44 2b 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 77 68 | CAD+ program wh| 000001b0 69 63 68 20 77 61 73 20 70 75 62 6c 69 73 68 65 |ich was publishe| 000001c0 64 20 6f 6e 20 45 55 47 20 61 0d 63 6f 75 70 6c |d on EUG a.coupl| 000001d0 65 20 6f 66 20 79 65 61 72 73 20 62 61 63 6b 2e |e of years back.| 000001e0 20 54 68 69 73 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 69 73 | This program is| 000001f0 20 73 69 6d 69 6c 61 72 20 69 6e 20 74 68 61 74 | similar in that| 00000200 20 69 74 20 70 65 72 66 6f 72 6d 73 20 74 68 65 | it performs the| 00000210 20 73 61 6d 65 0d 74 61 73 6b 2c 20 61 6c 74 68 | same.task, alth| 00000220 6f 75 67 68 20 74 68 65 72 65 20 61 72 65 20 61 |ough there are a| 00000230 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 6f 66 20 66 75 6e 64 61 | number of funda| 00000240 6d 65 6e 74 61 6c 20 64 69 66 66 65 72 65 6e 63 |mental differenc| 00000250 65 73 20 62 65 74 77 65 65 6e 20 68 6f 77 0d 74 |es between how.t| 00000260 68 65 20 74 77 6f 20 6f 70 65 72 61 74 65 2e 20 |he two operate. | 00000270 54 68 65 20 6d 61 69 6e 20 64 69 66 66 65 72 65 |The main differe| 00000280 6e 63 65 20 69 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 69 73 |nce is that this| 00000290 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 69 73 0d 22 6f 62 6a | program is."obj| 000002a0 65 63 74 2d 62 61 73 65 64 22 20 77 68 65 72 65 |ect-based" where| 000002b0 61 73 20 43 41 44 2b 20 77 61 73 20 6e 6f 74 2e |as CAD+ was not.| 000002c0 20 54 68 69 73 20 6d 65 61 6e 73 20 74 68 61 74 | This means that| 000002d0 20 77 68 65 6e 20 79 6f 75 20 70 6c 61 63 65 20 | when you place | 000002e0 61 0d 63 6f 6d 70 6f 6e 65 6e 74 2c 20 69 74 20 |a.component, it | 000002f0 73 74 6f 72 65 73 20 74 68 65 20 66 61 63 74 20 |stores the fact | 00000300 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 72 65 20 69 73 20 61 20 |that there is a | 00000310 63 6f 6d 70 6f 6e 65 6e 74 20 74 68 65 72 65 2c |component there,| 00000320 20 61 73 20 6f 70 70 6f 73 65 64 0d 74 6f 20 73 | as opposed.to s| 00000330 69 6d 70 6c 79 20 70 6c 61 63 69 6e 67 20 61 20 |imply placing a | 00000340 70 69 63 74 75 72 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 63 |picture of the c| 00000350 6f 6d 70 6f 6e 65 6e 74 20 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 |omponent at the | 00000360 72 65 6c 65 76 61 6e 74 20 63 6f 6f 72 64 69 6e |relevant coordin| 00000370 61 74 65 73 0d 69 6e 20 61 20 67 72 69 64 20 6f |ates.in a grid o| 00000380 66 20 70 69 78 65 6c 73 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20 6d |f pixels. This m| 00000390 61 6b 65 73 20 65 64 69 74 74 69 6e 67 20 61 20 |akes editting a | 000003a0 6c 6f 74 20 65 61 73 69 65 72 2e 20 54 6f 20 6d |lot easier. To m| 000003b0 6f 76 65 20 61 20 63 6f 6d 70 6f 6e 65 6e 74 0d |ove a component.| 000003c0 69 6e 20 43 41 44 2b 20 77 61 73 20 61 20 6e 69 |in CAD+ was a ni| 000003d0 67 68 74 6d 61 72 65 20 2d 20 79 6f 75 20 68 61 |ghtmare - you ha| 000003e0 64 20 74 6f 20 63 61 72 65 66 75 6c 6c 79 20 72 |d to carefully r| 000003f0 65 6d 6f 76 65 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f 6d 70 6f 6e |emove the compon| 00000400 65 6e 74 20 66 72 6f 6d 0d 69 74 73 20 6f 72 69 |ent from.its ori| 00000410 67 69 6e 61 6c 20 70 6f 73 69 74 69 6f 6e 2c 20 |ginal position, | 00000420 70 6c 61 63 65 20 69 74 20 69 6e 20 69 74 73 20 |place it in its | 00000430 6e 65 77 20 70 6f 73 69 74 69 6f 6e 2c 20 61 6e |new position, an| 00000440 64 20 74 68 65 6e 20 72 65 64 72 61 77 20 61 6e |d then redraw an| 00000450 79 0d 6c 69 6e 6b 73 20 74 6f 20 69 74 20 6d 61 |y.links to it ma| 00000460 6e 75 61 6c 6c 79 2e 20 49 6e 20 41 64 76 61 6e |nually. In Advan| 00000470 63 65 64 20 43 41 44 2c 20 79 6f 75 20 63 61 6e |ced CAD, you can| 00000480 20 73 69 6d 70 6c 79 20 63 6c 69 63 6b 20 6f 6e | simply click on| 00000490 20 74 68 65 0d 63 6f 6d 70 6f 6e 65 6e 74 2c 20 | the.component, | 000004a0 64 72 61 67 20 69 74 20 61 63 72 6f 73 73 20 74 |drag it across t| 000004b0 68 65 20 73 63 72 65 65 6e 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 79 |he screen, and y| 000004c0 6f 75 20 61 72 65 20 64 6f 6e 65 2e 20 54 68 65 |ou are done. The| 000004d0 20 63 6f 6d 70 6f 6e 65 6e 74 20 77 69 6c 6c 0d | component will.| 000004e0 62 65 20 72 65 6d 6f 76 65 64 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 |be removed from | 000004f0 69 74 73 20 6f 6c 64 20 6c 6f 63 61 74 69 6f 6e |its old location| 00000500 2c 20 72 65 64 72 61 77 6e 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 |, redrawn in the| 00000510 20 6e 65 77 20 70 6f 73 69 74 69 6f 6e 2c 20 61 | new position, a| 00000520 6e 64 20 61 6e 79 0d 6c 69 6e 6b 73 20 74 6f 20 |nd any.links to | 00000530 69 74 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 75 70 64 61 74 65 20 61 |it will update a| 00000540 75 74 6f 6d 61 74 69 63 61 6c 6c 79 2e 0d 0d 54 |utomatically...T| 00000550 68 69 73 20 69 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 74 68 65 20 6f |his is not the o| 00000560 6e 6c 79 20 62 65 6e 65 66 69 74 20 6f 66 20 74 |nly benefit of t| 00000570 68 65 20 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 2d 62 61 73 65 64 20 |he object-based | 00000580 73 79 73 74 65 6d 2e 20 53 74 6f 72 69 6e 67 20 |system. Storing | 00000590 61 20 70 69 78 65 6c 0d 61 72 72 61 79 20 69 6e |a pixel.array in| 000005a0 20 74 68 65 20 77 61 79 20 43 41 44 2b 20 64 6f | the way CAD+ do| 000005b0 65 73 20 74 61 6b 65 73 20 61 20 68 75 67 65 20 |es takes a huge | 000005c0 61 6d 6f 75 6e 74 20 6f 66 20 6d 65 6d 6f 72 79 |amount of memory| 000005d0 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 79 6f 75 20 63 61 6e 6e 6f 74 |, and you cannot| 000005e0 0d 66 69 74 20 74 68 61 74 20 6d 61 6e 79 20 63 |.fit that many c| 000005f0 69 72 63 75 69 74 73 20 6f 6e 74 6f 20 61 20 64 |ircuits onto a d| 00000600 69 73 63 2e 20 49 6e 20 74 68 69 73 20 70 72 6f |isc. In this pro| 00000610 67 72 61 6d 2c 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 6c 65 73 20 |gram, the files | 00000620 61 72 65 20 61 0d 66 72 61 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f |are a.fraction o| 00000630 66 20 74 68 65 20 73 69 7a 65 20 28 61 20 63 6f |f the size (a co| 00000640 6d 70 6c 65 78 20 63 69 72 63 75 69 74 20 6d 69 |mplex circuit mi| 00000650 67 68 74 20 74 61 6b 65 20 61 20 74 65 6e 74 68 |ght take a tenth| 00000660 20 74 68 65 20 73 70 61 63 65 20 74 61 6b 65 6e | the space taken| 00000670 0d 75 70 20 62 79 20 61 20 43 41 44 2b 20 66 69 |.up by a CAD+ fi| 00000680 6c 65 2c 20 61 20 73 69 6d 70 6c 65 20 63 69 72 |le, a simple cir| 00000690 63 75 69 74 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 6c 69 6b 65 20 61 |cuit more like a| 000006a0 20 66 69 66 74 69 65 74 68 29 2e 0d 0d 49 20 77 | fiftieth)...I w| 000006b0 69 6c 6c 20 6e 6f 77 20 64 65 73 63 72 69 62 65 |ill now describe| 000006c0 20 73 74 65 70 2d 62 79 2d 73 74 65 70 20 68 6f | step-by-step ho| 000006d0 77 20 74 6f 20 6f 70 65 72 61 74 65 20 41 64 76 |w to operate Adv| 000006e0 61 6e 63 65 64 20 43 41 44 2e 20 49 20 61 6d 0d |anced CAD. I am.| 000006f0 61 73 73 75 6d 69 6e 67 20 74 68 61 74 20 79 6f |assuming that yo| 00000700 75 20 68 61 76 65 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 6f 67 72 |u have the progr| 00000710 61 6d 20 72 75 6e 6e 69 6e 67 20 69 6e 20 66 72 |am running in fr| 00000720 6f 6e 74 20 6f 66 20 79 6f 75 20 2d 20 69 66 20 |ont of you - if | 00000730 6e 6f 74 2c 20 49 0d 73 74 72 6f 6e 67 6c 79 20 |not, I.strongly | 00000740 72 65 63 6f 6d 6d 65 6e 64 20 74 68 61 74 20 79 |recommend that y| 00000750 6f 75 20 70 72 69 6e 74 20 74 68 69 73 20 6f 75 |ou print this ou| 00000760 74 2e 20 49 74 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 20 66 61 |t. It will be fa| 00000770 69 72 6c 79 20 68 65 61 76 79 20 67 6f 69 6e 67 |irly heavy going| 00000780 0d 77 69 74 68 6f 75 74 20 73 65 65 69 6e 67 20 |.without seeing | 00000790 74 68 65 20 73 6f 66 74 77 61 72 65 20 74 6f 20 |the software to | 000007a0 75 6e 64 65 72 73 74 61 6e 64 20 77 68 61 74 20 |understand what | 000007b0 49 20 61 6d 20 74 61 6c 6b 69 6e 67 20 61 62 6f |I am talking abo| 000007c0 75 74 21 0d 0d 53 45 4c 45 43 54 49 4e 47 20 41 |ut!..SELECTING A| 000007d0 4e 20 49 4e 50 55 54 20 44 45 56 49 43 45 0d 0d |N INPUT DEVICE..| 000007e0 57 68 65 6e 20 79 6f 75 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 73 |When you first s| 000007f0 74 61 72 74 20 75 70 20 41 64 76 61 6e 63 65 64 |tart up Advanced| 00000800 20 43 41 44 2c 20 79 6f 75 20 61 72 65 20 61 73 | CAD, you are as| 00000810 6b 65 64 20 77 68 61 74 20 69 6e 70 75 74 20 64 |ked what input d| 00000820 65 76 69 63 65 20 79 6f 75 0d 77 6f 75 6c 64 20 |evice you.would | 00000830 6c 69 6b 65 20 74 6f 20 75 73 65 20 74 6f 20 63 |like to use to c| 00000840 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 6f 67 72 |ontrol the progr| 00000850 61 6d 2e 20 59 6f 75 20 63 61 6e 20 75 73 65 20 |am. You can use | 00000860 61 6e 20 41 4d 58 20 4d 6f 75 73 65 2c 20 61 6e |an AMX Mouse, an| 00000870 0d 61 6e 61 6c 6f 75 67 75 65 20 6a 6f 79 73 74 |.analougue joyst| 00000880 69 63 6b 2c 20 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 6b 65 79 62 |ick, or the keyb| 00000890 6f 61 72 64 2e 0d 0d 46 69 72 73 74 2c 20 79 6f |oard...First, yo| 000008a0 75 20 61 72 65 20 61 73 6b 65 64 20 69 66 20 79 |u are asked if y| 000008b0 6f 75 20 77 69 73 68 20 74 6f 20 75 73 65 20 61 |ou wish to use a| 000008c0 6e 20 41 4d 58 20 6d 6f 75 73 65 2e 20 4f 6e 6c |n AMX mouse. Onl| 000008d0 79 20 61 6e 73 77 65 72 20 79 65 73 20 28 69 65 |y answer yes (ie| 000008e0 2e 0d 70 72 65 73 73 20 4d 20 66 6f 72 20 6d 6f |..press M for mo| 000008f0 75 73 65 29 20 69 66 20 79 6f 75 20 61 72 65 20 |use) if you are | 00000900 75 73 69 6e 67 20 61 20 42 42 43 20 4d 69 63 72 |using a BBC Micr| 00000910 6f 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 20 41 4d 58 20 4d |o with the AMX M| 00000920 6f 75 73 65 20 52 4f 4d 0d 69 6e 73 74 61 6c 6c |ouse ROM.install| 00000930 65 64 2e 20 49 66 20 79 6f 75 20 73 65 6c 65 63 |ed. If you selec| 00000940 74 20 6d 6f 75 73 65 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c 2c |t mouse control,| 00000950 20 74 68 65 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 65 72 20 77 69 6c | the pointer wil| 00000960 6c 20 62 65 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c 6c 65 64 0d |l be controlled.| 00000970 73 6f 75 6c 6c 79 20 62 79 20 74 68 65 20 6d 6f |soully by the mo| 00000980 75 73 65 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 6b 65 79 62 6f 61 72 |use, and keyboar| 00000990 64 2f 6a 6f 79 73 74 69 63 6b 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 |d/joystick contr| 000009a0 6f 6c 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 20 64 69 73 61 62 |ol will be disab| 000009b0 6c 65 64 2e 20 49 66 0d 79 6f 75 20 73 65 6c 65 |led. If.you sele| 000009c0 63 74 20 6b 65 79 62 6f 61 72 64 20 63 6f 6e 74 |ct keyboard cont| 000009d0 72 6f 6c 2c 20 79 6f 75 20 68 61 76 65 20 74 68 |rol, you have th| 000009e0 65 20 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 68 61 76 69 |e option of havi| 000009f0 6e 67 20 6a 6f 79 73 74 69 63 6b 0d 63 6f 6e 74 |ng joystick.cont| 00000a00 72 6f 6c 20 61 73 20 77 65 6c 6c 20 28 74 68 65 |rol as well (the| 00000a10 73 65 20 74 77 6f 20 69 6e 70 75 74 20 64 65 76 |se two input dev| 00000a20 69 63 65 73 20 63 61 6e 20 6f 70 65 72 61 74 65 |ices can operate| 00000a30 20 74 6f 67 65 74 68 65 72 29 2e 20 4f 6e 6c 79 | together). Only| 00000a40 0d 61 6e 73 77 65 72 20 79 65 73 20 74 6f 20 74 |.answer yes to t| 00000a50 68 69 73 20 69 66 20 79 6f 75 20 68 61 76 65 20 |his if you have | 00000a60 61 20 6a 6f 79 73 74 69 63 6b 20 70 6c 75 67 67 |a joystick plugg| 00000a70 65 64 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 79 6f 75 72 20 63 6f 6d |ed into your com| 00000a80 70 75 74 65 72 27 73 0d 61 6e 61 6c 6f 75 67 75 |puter's.analougu| 00000a90 65 20 70 6f 72 74 2c 20 6f 74 68 65 72 77 69 73 |e port, otherwis| 00000aa0 65 20 74 68 65 20 66 6c 6f 61 74 69 6e 67 20 6c |e the floating l| 00000ab0 69 6e 65 73 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 70 6f 72 74 |ines of the port| 00000ac0 20 6d 61 79 20 77 65 6c 6c 20 65 66 66 65 63 74 | may well effect| 00000ad0 0d 74 68 65 20 69 6e 70 75 74 20 72 65 63 65 69 |.the input recei| 00000ae0 76 65 64 2c 20 6d 61 6b 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 |ved, making the | 00000af0 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 75 6e 75 73 61 62 6c 65 |program unusable| 00000b00 2e 0d 0d 4f 6e 63 65 20 79 6f 75 20 68 61 76 65 |...Once you have| 00000b10 20 73 65 6c 65 63 74 65 64 20 79 6f 75 72 20 69 | selected your i| 00000b20 6e 70 75 74 20 64 65 76 69 63 65 2c 20 74 68 65 |nput device, the| 00000b30 20 6d 61 69 6e 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 6c 6f | main program lo| 00000b40 61 64 73 2e 20 59 6f 75 20 61 72 65 0d 74 68 65 |ads. You are.the| 00000b50 6e 20 63 6f 6e 66 72 6f 6e 74 65 64 20 77 69 74 |n confronted wit| 00000b60 68 20 74 68 65 20 43 41 44 20 45 64 69 74 6f 72 |h the CAD Editor| 00000b70 20 73 63 72 65 65 6e 2e 20 41 74 20 74 68 65 20 | screen. At the | 00000b80 63 65 6e 74 72 65 20 69 73 20 61 0d 63 72 6f 73 |centre is a.cros| 00000b90 73 2d 68 61 69 72 65 64 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 65 72 |s-haired pointer| 00000ba0 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 79 6f 75 20 63 61 6e 20 63 | which you can c| 00000bb0 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 20 |ontrol with the | 00000bc0 73 65 6c 65 63 74 65 64 20 69 6e 70 75 74 0d 64 |selected input.d| 00000bd0 65 76 69 63 65 28 73 29 2e 20 54 68 65 20 63 6f |evice(s). The co| 00000be0 6e 74 72 6f 6c 73 20 61 72 65 20 61 73 20 66 6f |ntrols are as fo| 00000bf0 6c 6c 6f 77 73 3a 0d 0d 4b 65 79 62 6f 61 72 64 |llows:..Keyboard| 00000c00 3a 20 5a 20 3d 20 4c 65 66 74 2c 20 58 20 3d 20 |: Z = Left, X = | 00000c10 52 69 67 68 74 2c 20 2a 20 3d 20 55 70 2c 20 3f |Right, * = Up, ?| 00000c20 20 3d 20 44 6f 77 6e 2c 20 52 45 54 55 52 4e 20 | = Down, RETURN | 00000c30 3d 20 43 6c 69 63 6b 2e 0d 0d 4a 6f 79 73 74 69 |= Click...Joysti| 00000c40 63 6b 3a 20 46 61 69 72 6c 79 20 6f 62 76 69 6f |ck: Fairly obvio| 00000c50 75 73 2c 20 61 6e 79 20 6f 6e 65 20 6f 66 20 74 |us, any one of t| 00000c60 68 65 20 62 75 74 74 6f 6e 73 20 74 6f 20 63 6c |he buttons to cl| 00000c70 69 63 6b 2e 0d 0d 4d 6f 75 73 65 3a 20 4c 65 66 |ick...Mouse: Lef| 00000c80 74 20 62 75 74 74 6f 6e 20 74 6f 20 63 6c 69 63 |t button to clic| 00000c90 6b 3b 20 4d 69 64 64 6c 65 20 62 75 74 74 6f 6e |k; Middle button| 00000ca0 20 74 6f 20 6d 6f 76 65 20 63 6f 6d 70 6f 6e 65 | to move compone| 00000cb0 6e 74 3b 20 52 69 67 68 74 20 62 75 74 74 6f 6e |nt; Right button| 00000cc0 0d 74 6f 20 61 64 64 20 63 6f 6d 70 6f 6e 65 6e |.to add componen| 00000cd0 74 2e 20 54 68 65 20 6c 61 74 74 65 72 20 74 77 |t. The latter tw| 00000ce0 6f 20 61 72 65 20 73 68 6f 72 74 63 75 74 73 20 |o are shortcuts | 00000cf0 74 6f 20 74 77 6f 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 6d 6f |to two of the mo| 00000d00 72 65 20 63 6f 6d 6d 6f 6e 6c 79 0d 75 73 65 64 |re commonly.used| 00000d10 20 66 65 61 74 75 72 65 73 2e 20 53 65 65 20 6c | features. See l| 00000d20 61 74 65 72 20 66 6f 72 20 64 65 73 63 72 69 70 |ater for descrip| 00000d30 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 73 65 2e 0d 0d |tion of these...| 00000d40 41 20 42 52 49 45 46 20 54 4f 55 52 20 4f 46 20 |A BRIEF TOUR OF | 00000d50 41 44 56 41 4e 43 45 44 20 43 41 44 0d 0d 53 74 |ADVANCED CAD..St| 00000d60 61 72 74 20 75 70 20 41 64 76 61 6e 63 65 64 20 |art up Advanced | 00000d70 43 41 44 20 77 69 74 68 20 61 20 66 72 65 73 68 |CAD with a fresh| 00000d80 20 70 61 67 65 20 28 69 65 2e 20 68 6f 77 20 74 | page (ie. how t| 00000d90 68 65 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 69 73 20 77 68 |he program is wh| 00000da0 65 6e 20 69 74 0d 73 74 61 72 74 73 20 75 70 29 |en it.starts up)| 00000db0 2e 20 43 6c 69 63 6b 20 74 68 65 20 70 6f 69 6e |. Click the poin| 00000dc0 74 65 72 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 20 73 65 6c |ter with the sel| 00000dd0 65 63 74 65 64 20 69 6e 70 75 74 20 64 65 76 69 |ected input devi| 00000de0 63 65 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 61 20 6d 65 6e 75 0d 77 |ce, and a menu.w| 00000df0 69 6c 6c 20 61 70 70 65 61 72 2e 20 54 68 69 73 |ill appear. This| 00000e00 20 69 73 20 74 68 65 20 6d 65 6e 75 20 6f 66 20 | is the menu of | 00000e10 62 61 73 69 63 20 43 41 44 20 66 75 6e 63 74 69 |basic CAD functi| 00000e20 6f 6e 73 2e 20 54 68 65 79 20 61 72 65 20 61 73 |ons. They are as| 00000e30 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 73 3a 0d 0d 46 69 6c 65 20 | follows:..File | 00000e40 2d 20 42 72 69 6e 67 20 75 70 20 61 20 73 75 62 |- Bring up a sub| 00000e50 73 69 64 75 61 72 79 20 6d 65 6e 75 20 6f 66 20 |siduary menu of | 00000e60 66 69 6c 69 6e 67 20 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 28 |filing options (| 00000e70 4c 6f 61 64 2c 20 53 61 76 65 2c 20 65 74 63 2e |Load, Save, etc.| 00000e80 29 0d 41 64 64 20 2d 20 41 64 64 20 61 20 63 6f |).Add - Add a co| 00000e90 6d 70 6f 6e 65 6e 74 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 63 |mponent to the c| 00000ea0 69 72 63 75 69 74 2e 0d 43 61 6e 63 65 6c 20 2d |ircuit..Cancel -| 00000eb0 20 4f 6f 70 73 2c 20 49 20 64 69 64 6e 27 74 20 | Oops, I didn't | 00000ec0 6d 65 61 6e 20 74 6f 20 62 72 69 6e 67 20 74 68 |mean to bring th| 00000ed0 61 74 20 6d 65 6e 75 20 75 70 20 2d 20 47 6f 20 |at menu up - Go | 00000ee0 61 77 61 79 21 0d 0d 59 6f 75 20 63 61 6e 20 6d |away!..You can m| 00000ef0 6f 76 65 20 75 70 20 61 6e 64 20 64 6f 77 6e 20 |ove up and down | 00000f00 74 68 65 20 6d 65 6e 75 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 |the menu with th| 00000f10 65 20 6d 6f 75 73 65 2c 20 6a 6f 79 73 74 69 63 |e mouse, joystic| 00000f20 6b 20 28 79 6f 75 20 68 61 76 65 20 74 6f 0d 77 |k (you have to.w| 00000f30 61 67 67 6c 65 20 69 74 29 2c 20 74 68 65 20 6b |aggle it), the k| 00000f40 65 79 73 20 2a 20 61 6e 64 20 3f 2c 20 6f 72 20 |eys * and ?, or | 00000f50 74 68 65 20 63 75 72 73 6f 72 20 6b 65 79 73 2e |the cursor keys.| 00000f60 20 46 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 6d 6f 6d 65 6e 74 2c | For the moment,| 00000f70 20 73 65 6c 65 63 74 0d 22 41 64 64 22 20 28 69 | select."Add" (i| 00000f80 65 2e 20 6d 6f 76 65 20 64 6f 77 6e 20 6f 6e 63 |e. move down onc| 00000f90 65 20 75 6e 74 69 6c 20 41 64 64 20 69 73 20 68 |e until Add is h| 00000fa0 69 67 68 6c 69 67 68 74 65 64 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 |ighlighted, and | 00000fb0 63 6c 69 63 6b 29 2e 20 54 68 65 20 6d 65 6e 75 |click). The menu| 00000fc0 0d 77 69 6c 6c 20 64 69 73 61 70 70 65 61 72 2c |.will disappear,| 00000fd0 20 61 6e 64 20 61 20 63 61 70 61 63 69 74 6f 72 | and a capacitor| 00000fe0 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 61 70 70 65 61 72 20 75 6e 64 | will appear und| 00000ff0 65 72 20 74 68 65 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 65 72 2e 20 |er the pointer. | 00001000 59 6f 75 20 68 61 76 65 0d 6a 75 73 74 20 61 64 |You have.just ad| 00001010 64 65 64 20 61 20 63 6f 6d 70 6f 6e 65 6e 74 20 |ded a component | 00001020 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 63 69 72 63 75 69 74 20 64 |to the circuit d| 00001030 65 73 69 67 6e 2e 0d 0d 4e 6f 77 20 6d 6f 76 65 |esign...Now move| 00001040 20 74 68 65 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 65 72 20 6c 65 66 | the pointer lef| 00001050 74 20 61 20 6c 69 74 74 6c 65 20 77 61 79 2c 20 |t a little way, | 00001060 75 6e 74 69 6c 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 61 77 61 79 |until it is away| 00001070 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 0d 63 61 70 61 63 69 | from the.capaci| 00001080 74 6f 72 2e 20 57 65 20 6e 6f 77 20 77 61 6e 74 |tor. We now want| 00001090 20 74 6f 20 61 64 64 20 61 6e 6f 74 68 65 72 20 | to add another | 000010a0 63 6f 6d 70 6f 6e 65 6e 74 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 |component to the| 000010b0 20 64 65 73 69 67 6e 20 2d 20 61 20 62 61 74 74 | design - a batt| 000010c0 65 72 79 2e 0d 46 69 72 73 74 2c 20 79 6f 75 20 |ery..First, you | 000010d0 6d 75 73 74 20 73 65 6c 65 63 74 20 62 61 74 74 |must select batt| 000010e0 65 72 79 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 6c 69 73 74 20 |ery on the list | 000010f0 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 74 6f 70 20 6f 66 20 74 68 |at the top of th| 00001100 65 20 73 63 72 65 65 6e 2e 20 55 73 65 0d 74 68 |e screen. 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Do s| 000011a0 6f 0d 2d 20 63 6c 69 63 6b 20 74 68 65 20 70 6f |o.- click the po| 000011b0 69 6e 74 65 72 20 77 69 74 68 20 22 42 61 74 74 |inter with "Batt| 000011c0 65 72 79 22 20 73 65 6c 65 63 74 65 64 20 61 74 |ery" selected at| 000011d0 20 74 68 65 20 74 6f 70 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 | the top, and th| 000011e0 65 6e 20 63 6c 69 63 6b 20 6f 6e 0d 22 41 64 64 |en click on."Add| 000011f0 22 2e 20 41 20 62 61 74 74 65 72 79 20 77 69 6c |". 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I will assume| 000012b0 20 68 65 72 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 79 6f 75 20 68 | here that you h| 000012c0 61 76 65 20 63 6c 69 63 6b 65 64 20 6f 6e 20 74 |ave clicked on t| 000012d0 68 65 0d 62 61 74 74 65 72 79 20 66 6f 72 20 65 |he.battery for e| 000012e0 61 73 65 20 6f 66 20 65 78 70 6c 61 69 6e 69 6e |ase of explainin| 000012f0 67 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 2c 20 61 |g the process, a| 00001300 6c 74 68 6f 75 67 68 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 6f 63 |lthough the proc| 00001310 65 73 73 20 69 73 20 76 65 72 79 0d 73 69 6d 69 |ess is very.simi| 00001320 6c 61 72 20 69 66 20 79 6f 75 20 63 6c 69 63 6b |lar if you click| 00001330 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 63 61 70 61 63 69 74 6f | on the capacito| 00001340 72 20 66 69 72 73 74 2e 20 57 68 65 6e 20 79 6f |r first. 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Delete - Remo| 000014a0 76 65 73 20 61 20 63 6f 6d 70 6f 6e 65 6e 74 20 |ves a component | 000014b0 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 20 63 69 72 63 75 69 74 |from the circuit| 000014c0 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 64 65 6c 65 74 65 73 20 61 6e |, and deletes an| 000014d0 79 0d 6c 69 6e 6b 73 20 74 6f 20 69 74 2e 20 4c |y.links to it. L| 000014e0 61 62 65 6c 20 2d 20 4c 61 62 65 6c 73 20 74 68 |abel - Labels th| 000014f0 65 20 63 6f 6d 70 6f 6e 65 6e 74 20 74 6f 20 6d |e component to m| 00001500 61 6b 65 20 69 74 20 63 6c 65 61 72 20 77 68 61 |ake it clear wha| 00001510 74 20 69 74 20 64 6f 65 73 2e 0d 4c 69 6e 6b 20 |t it does..Link | 00001520 2d 20 43 6f 6e 6e 65 63 74 20 74 6f 20 63 6f 6d |- Connect to com| 00001530 70 6f 6e 65 6e 74 73 20 74 6f 67 65 74 68 65 72 |ponents together| 00001540 2e 20 43 61 6e 63 65 6c 20 2d 20 4f 6e 63 65 20 |. Cancel - Once | 00001550 61 67 61 69 6e 2c 20 74 68 65 72 65 20 69 73 20 |again, there is | 00001560 61 6e 0d 22 4f 6f 70 73 22 20 65 73 63 61 70 65 |an."Oops" escape| 00001570 20 72 6f 75 74 65 2e 0d 0d 57 65 20 77 61 6e 74 | route...We want| 00001580 20 74 6f 20 6c 69 6e 6b 20 74 6f 20 63 6f 6d 70 | to link to comp| 00001590 6f 6e 65 6e 74 73 20 74 6f 67 65 74 68 65 72 2c |onents together,| 000015a0 20 73 6f 20 73 65 6c 65 63 74 20 22 4c 69 6e 6b | so select "Link| 000015b0 22 2e 20 4e 65 78 74 2c 20 79 6f 75 20 61 72 65 |". Next, you are| 000015c0 0d 61 73 6b 65 64 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 6f 66 20 |.asked which of | 000015d0 74 68 65 20 74 65 72 6d 69 6e 61 6c 73 20 6f 66 |the terminals of| 000015e0 20 74 68 65 20 62 61 74 74 65 72 79 20 79 6f 75 | the battery you| 000015f0 20 77 69 73 68 20 74 6f 20 63 6f 6e 6e 65 63 74 | wish to connect| 00001600 20 6f 6e 20 61 0d 73 65 63 6f 6e 64 61 72 79 20 | on a.secondary | 00001610 6d 65 6e 75 2e 20 46 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 70 75 |menu. 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Move the.| 00001760 70 6f 69 6e 74 65 72 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 63 |pointer to the c| 00001770 6f 6d 70 6f 6e 65 6e 74 20 74 68 61 74 20 79 6f |omponent that yo| 00001780 75 20 77 61 6e 74 20 74 6f 20 6c 69 6e 6b 20 74 |u want to link t| 00001790 6f 20 28 69 6e 20 74 68 69 73 20 63 61 73 65 20 |o (in this case | 000017a0 74 68 65 0d 63 61 70 61 63 69 74 6f 72 29 2c 20 |the.capacitor), | 000017b0 61 6e 64 20 63 6c 69 63 6b 20 6f 6e 20 69 74 2e |and click on it.| 000017c0 20 54 68 69 73 20 74 69 6d 65 20 74 68 65 20 6f | This time the o| 000017d0 62 6a 65 63 74 20 6d 65 6e 75 20 64 6f 65 73 20 |bject menu does | 000017e0 6e 6f 74 20 63 6f 6d 65 20 75 70 2c 0d 62 65 63 |not come up,.bec| 000017f0 61 75 73 65 20 79 6f 75 20 61 72 65 20 69 6e 20 |ause you are in | 00001800 74 68 65 20 6d 69 64 64 6c 65 20 6f 66 20 6d 61 |the middle of ma| 00001810 6b 69 6e 67 20 61 20 6c 69 6e 6b 2e 20 49 6e 73 |king a link. 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A 4x| 00001a80 32 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 72 20 62 6f 78 20 |2 character box | 00001a90 77 69 6c 6c 20 61 70 70 65 61 72 20 66 6f 72 20 |will appear for | 00001aa0 79 6f 75 20 74 6f 20 65 6e 74 65 72 20 79 6f 75 |you to enter you| 00001ab0 72 0d 6c 61 62 65 6c 2e 20 54 6f 20 6d 6f 76 65 |r.label. To move| 00001ac0 20 74 68 65 20 63 75 72 73 6f 72 20 77 69 74 68 | the cursor with| 00001ad0 6f 75 74 20 74 79 70 69 6e 67 2c 20 75 73 65 20 |out typing, use | 00001ae0 74 68 65 20 63 75 72 73 6f 72 20 6b 65 79 73 2c |the cursor keys,| 00001af0 20 61 6e 64 20 74 6f 0d 65 6e 74 65 72 20 79 6f | and to.enter yo| 00001b00 75 72 20 6c 61 62 65 6c 2c 20 70 72 65 73 73 20 |ur label, press | 00001b10 52 45 54 55 52 4e 2e 20 4e 6f 74 69 63 65 20 74 |RETURN. Notice t| 00001b20 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 6c 61 62 65 6c 20 79 6f |hat the label yo| 00001b30 75 20 65 6e 74 65 72 65 64 20 69 73 20 6e 6f 77 |u entered is now| 00001b40 0d 64 69 73 70 6c 61 79 65 64 20 61 62 6f 76 65 |.displayed above| 00001b50 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f 6d 70 6f 6e 65 6e 74 2e 20 | the component. | 00001b60 59 6f 75 20 6d 61 79 20 74 68 69 6e 6b 20 74 68 |You may think th| 00001b70 61 74 20 34 78 32 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 72 |at 4x2 character| 00001b80 73 20 69 73 20 72 61 74 68 65 72 0d 6c 69 6d 69 |s is rather.limi| 00001b90 74 69 6e 67 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 69 74 20 69 73 2e |ting, and it is.| 00001ba0 20 54 68 69 73 20 69 73 20 69 6e 74 65 6e 64 65 | This is intende| 00001bb0 64 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 73 75 66 66 69 63 69 65 |d to be sufficie| 00001bc0 6e 74 20 74 6f 20 67 69 76 65 20 61 20 76 61 6c |nt to give a val| 00001bd0 75 65 0d 73 75 63 68 20 61 73 20 34 6b 37 20 61 |ue.such as 4k7 a| 00001be0 6e 64 20 61 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 74 6f 20 65 |nd a number to e| 00001bf0 61 63 68 20 70 61 72 74 2e 20 49 74 20 69 73 20 |ach part. It is | 00001c00 67 65 6e 65 72 61 6c 6c 79 20 63 6f 6e 73 69 64 |generally consid| 00001c10 65 72 65 64 20 67 6f 6f 64 0d 70 72 61 63 74 69 |ered good.practi| 00001c20 63 65 20 74 6f 20 75 73 65 20 61 6e 20 69 6e 64 |ce to use an ind| 00001c30 65 78 69 6e 67 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d 2c 20 61 6e |exing system, an| 00001c40 79 77 61 79 20 28 65 67 2e 20 6c 61 62 65 6c 20 |yway (eg. label | 00001c50 61 20 72 65 73 69 73 74 6f 72 20 61 73 20 52 31 |a resistor as R1| 00001c60 2c 0d 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 6e 20 68 61 76 65 20 |,.and then have | 00001c70 61 20 66 6f 6f 74 6e 6f 74 65 20 73 65 70 65 72 |a footnote seper| 00001c80 61 74 65 6c 79 2c 20 65 6e 74 69 74 6c 65 64 20 |ately, entitled | 00001c90 52 31 2c 20 74 6f 20 65 78 70 6c 61 69 6e 20 77 |R1, to explain w| 00001ca0 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 0d 72 65 73 69 73 74 6f 72 |hat the.resistor| 00001cb0 20 64 6f 65 73 29 2e 0d | does)..| 00001cb8
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