Home » Archimedes archive » Archimedes World » AW-1994-06-Disc2.adf » Disk2Jun94 » !AWJune94/Goodies/Zap/!Zap/Docs/E-File
!AWJune94/Goodies/Zap/!Zap/Docs/E-File
This website contains an archive of files for the Acorn Electron, BBC Micro, Acorn Archimedes, Commodore 16 and Commodore 64 computers, which Dominic Ford has rescued from his private collection of floppy disks and cassettes.
Some of these files were originally commercial releases in the 1980s and 1990s, but they are now widely available online. I assume that copyright over them is no longer being asserted. If you own the copyright and would like files to be removed, please contact me.
| Tape/disk: | Home » Archimedes archive » Archimedes World » AW-1994-06-Disc2.adf » Disk2Jun94 |
| Filename: | !AWJune94/Goodies/Zap/!Zap/Docs/E-File |
| Read OK: | ✔ |
| File size: | 25BD bytes |
| Load address: | 0000 |
| Exec address: | 0000 |
File contents
************************************************************************* * >E-File Documents a file block format * ************************************************************************* By convention, file blocks are pointed to by R9. However, whenever a file is created, the file block pointers of the other files may change. Hence these pointers are not preserved across calls to Wimp_Poll. Thus they must be converted to file block 'offsets' (ie 0=first file,1=second etc) for storing as pointers or links. The calls Zap_ConvFileOff and Zap_GetFileOff can be used to do this. The number of valid file block offsets may be got by Zap_ReadVar. (Then valid offsets are 0 1 ... n-1) The length of a file block is not fixed and varies across versions of zap. Thus you must not assume a fixed length. If you must know the length then convert file offsets 0,1 to pointers and then subtract them. The offsets from the file block start are given names beginning with 'f_'. See the E-Library file for a list of the 'f_' names. You should use code of the form: LDR R0,[R9,#f_ptr] \ set R0 to start of file buffer. to read these variables. The files themselves are stored in SPLIT BUFFER format. This means that the file data is split in two, with a gap in the middle. The diagram below should illustrate this. ------------------------ f_ptr+f_bufl | top half of file | ------------------------ f_ptr+f_splite | file gap | ------------------------ f_ptr+f_splito | bottom half of file | ------------------------ f_ptr NB For all Zap data structures block_start=first byte of data, block_end= last byte of data+1, block_length=block_end-block_start. Note that f_ptr may change on any heap block claim, or file insert/delete. Thus all the other variables are stored as offsets from this. You should use the call Zap_SplitBuffer to change the buffer length or split position. You should use the call Zap_Command to insert/delete data. Inserting data manually and keeping all the variables/undo buffer/screen updated requires a lot of code if you want to do it yourself (the only exception to this is the e_postload/e_presave calls where it is quicker to manipulate the file directly). For most subs in Zap, a position in the file is given as an offset from the file start (in the range 0 to the length of the file). These file offsets should not be confused with the file block offsets described in the first paragraph. When I say 'file offset', it should be clear from the context what I mean. To read the byte at offset R0 you should use code of the form: REM R0=file offset R9=file REM On exit R1 corrupted and R0=byte read. LDR R1,[R9,#f_splito] \ find the split offset in the buffer CMP R0,R1 \ are we in the bottom or top half? LDRCS R1,[R9,#f_splits] ADDCS R0,R0,R1 \ if in the top half, skip the split LDR R1,[R9,#f_ptr] \ start address of file LDRB R0,[R1,R0] \ read the byte To read multiple bytes you should obviously use more efficient code! If you are doing a very intensive operation then you may want to coagulate the text via Zap_SplitBuffer. The file variables are detailed below. Use E-Library to set them up. f_ptr Address of file buffer/-1 if file is dead (has been deleted). If you scan through the file blocks, you should always check this word to check the file is not dead. f_bufl Length of file buffer (multiple of 4). See pic above. f_len Length of file stored in the buffer (=f_bufl-f_splits). f_name Pointer to name of the file. f_load Load address of the file. f_exec Execution address of the file. f_flags File flags. See E-Flags for the meaning of the bits in this word. f_uptr Pointer to the undo buffer. The undo buffer consists of a list of blocks of variable length. The start of a block is indicated by bit 31 of that word being set. In general the first word of the block has format: b31 =1 (Set to indicate block start). b30 Set if the command should be undone in one go. (as opposed to one character at a time for concatenated blocks). b29 Set if the data pointed to by the command need not be freed. (This is used on an undo when blocks are pointed to twice). b26-b28 Command number. As for R0 in Zap_Command with additions: 0 = fast undo pointer (fast redo if b30 set) 7 = startop pointer (stopop pointer if b30 set) b0-b27 Gives the commands first parameter, usually a file offset This corresponds to register R1 in Zap_Command. The other words correspond to registers R2 onwards when calling Zap_Command. f_ubufl Total length of the undo buffer. f_ulen Length of valid data in the undo buffer. f_undo Offset of the undo pointer in the undo buffer. f_undop Offset of the undo subpointer in the block pointer to by f_undo. Ie it gives the number of characters left to undo in the operation currently being undone. f_res3 reserved f_splito Offset in the file buffer of the current split position. See pic. f_splite Offset in the file buffer of the end of the current split. See pic. f_splits Size of the file split (=f_splite-f_splito). See pic. f_mptr Pointer to the marker buffer. The marker buffer is a list of entries, each two words longs of the format: #0 File offset of the mark #4 Window offset of the window mark was place in or -1 if the window has been deleted (or is unspecified). f_mbufl Length of the marker buffer. f_mlen Length of valid data in the marker buffer. f_mark Current offset in the marker buffer. f_docom Used by Zap_SaveTxtStatus: stores the current action (as for Zap_DoCommand bits 0-2) ie, 1=insert text 2=delete text 3/4=replacement of text. f_source This word is for the use of the mode 'owning' this file. See f_cmode. It usually points to a data block of info that mode wants to hold for this file. Current formats used are: f_cmode f_source meaning 0 (Text) Text mode owns external edit files and handles them. f_source points to the block: #0 External edit JOB handle (Zaps part of the job handle is the file block offset+1) #4 Task handle of client task #8 Flags passed by client when job started #12 Offset in window block of associated window. 1 (Byte) Byte mode owns 'read disc' files. f_source is the disc address the file was read from. 11 (Throwback) Task handle of task that sent throwback data. 12(Taskwindow) Taskwindow mode owns taskwindow files. f_source points to a block of the format: #0 Task handle of child task #4 Cursor x posn (chars) #8 Cursor y posn (chars) #12 Height of emulated screen (chars) #16 Text window min x (chars) #20 Text window min y (chars) #24 Text window max x (chars) #28 Text window max y (chars) #32 Number of bytes stored in the VDU queue. #36 12 byte buffer to store the VDU queue in. #48 Offset in window block of associated window. #52 Flags: b0 Set if task suspended b1 internal use #56 Line offset from work area start of emulated screen. w_bpl stores the width of the emulated screen. f_dolen Used by Zap_SaveTxtStatus: Stores the size of the data being inserted/ deleted/replaced. f_dodata Used by Zap_SaveTxtStatus: Stores the address of the data being inserted/ replaced. f_altered Used by Zap_DoCommand: First altered offset in file / -1 f_shiftable Used by Zap_DoCommand: First unaltered offset in file / -1 f_change Used by Zap_DoCommand: Signed change in size of data. f_depth Used by Zap_StartOp: Current StartOp/StopOp nested depth. f_links Links list buffer pointer. This is most used by 'throwback' though may have other uses. The idea is that this block stores references to offsets in other files. When these files are updated, the offsets are updated too so you can keep track of that point in the file. Use Zap_NewLinkEntry to add a new link. f_links points to a list of 16 byte blocks terminated by -1. The block format is #0 Pointer to file name of associated file (with match/error) (Eg this is the C source file corresponding to this throwback file). #4 Pointer to a list of search/error, offsets/line numbers. The list is terminated by -1. (These are the offsets to be updated when changes are made to the file with name #0 and file block offset in #8). #8 Offset of file (name given in #0) if already loaded into Zap. -1 if file has not been looked for. If the file is loaded then any changes to the file cause the list in #4 to be updated. #12 Flags: b0 Set if #4 points to line nums, not offsets. The line numbers are converted to offsets when throwback mode loads the file. b1-b7 reserved b8-b15 Number of lines heading each block. The format of the throwback buffer must be <file header para> <list of matches para> <next file header para> etc. This details the number of lines of heading/info that the <list of matches para> starts off with before listing the matches (at one match per line corresponding to the offsets pointed to by #4). b16-b23 Source: (for info purposes) 0=Search throwback (F7) 1=C Throwback (Eg !CC) 2=C Info (Eg !Find). b24-b31 reserved f_cmode This gives the mode number of the mode 'owning' this file (-1 if none). The mode is called when the file is deleted (eg a taskwindow). The mode may use the word f_source to store parameters about the file. (Eg f_source will usually be set by the extension mode to point to a data block). To claim the file, simply check that this word is -1 and then poke your mode number in. Use the entry point e_init with reason code 3 to free any data you have stored associated with this file (and pointed to by f_source). This mode is NOT necessarily the mode the file is displayed in.
00000000 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a |****************| * 00000040 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 0a 2a 20 3e 45 2d 46 |*********.* >E-F| 00000050 69 6c 65 09 44 6f 63 75 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 61 20 |ile.Documents a | 00000060 66 69 6c 65 20 62 6c 6f 63 6b 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 |file block forma| 00000070 74 09 09 09 09 2a 0a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a |t....*.*********| 00000080 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a |****************| * 000000c0 0a 0a 42 79 20 63 6f 6e 76 65 6e 74 69 6f 6e 2c |..By convention,| 000000d0 20 66 69 6c 65 20 62 6c 6f 63 6b 73 20 61 72 65 | file blocks are| 000000e0 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 65 64 20 74 6f 20 62 79 20 52 | pointed to by R| 000000f0 39 2e 20 48 6f 77 65 76 65 72 2c 20 77 68 65 6e |9. However, when| 00000100 65 76 65 72 20 61 20 66 69 6c 65 20 69 73 0a 63 |ever a file is.c| 00000110 72 65 61 74 65 64 2c 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 6c 65 |reated, the file| 00000120 20 62 6c 6f 63 6b 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 65 72 73 20 | block pointers | 00000130 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 6f 74 68 65 72 20 66 69 6c |of the other fil| 00000140 65 73 20 6d 61 79 20 63 68 61 6e 67 65 2e 20 48 |es may change. H| 00000150 65 6e 63 65 20 74 68 65 73 65 0a 70 6f 69 6e 74 |ence these.point| 00000160 65 72 73 20 61 72 65 20 6e 6f 74 20 70 72 65 73 |ers are not pres| 00000170 65 72 76 65 64 20 61 63 72 6f 73 73 20 63 61 6c |erved across cal| 00000180 6c 73 20 74 6f 20 57 69 6d 70 5f 50 6f 6c 6c 2e |ls to Wimp_Poll.| 00000190 20 54 68 75 73 20 74 68 65 79 20 6d 75 73 74 20 | Thus they must | 000001a0 62 65 0a 63 6f 6e 76 65 72 74 65 64 20 74 6f 20 |be.converted to | 000001b0 66 69 6c 65 20 62 6c 6f 63 6b 20 27 6f 66 66 73 |file block 'offs| 000001c0 65 74 73 27 20 28 69 65 20 30 3d 66 69 72 73 74 |ets' (ie 0=first| 000001d0 20 66 69 6c 65 2c 31 3d 73 65 63 6f 6e 64 20 65 | file,1=second e| 000001e0 74 63 29 20 66 6f 72 20 73 74 6f 72 69 6e 67 0a |tc) for storing.| 000001f0 61 73 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 65 72 73 20 6f 72 20 6c |as pointers or l| 00000200 69 6e 6b 73 2e 20 54 68 65 20 63 61 6c 6c 73 20 |inks. The calls | 00000210 5a 61 70 5f 43 6f 6e 76 46 69 6c 65 4f 66 66 20 |Zap_ConvFileOff | 00000220 61 6e 64 20 5a 61 70 5f 47 65 74 46 69 6c 65 4f |and Zap_GetFileO| 00000230 66 66 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 0a 75 73 65 64 20 74 |ff can be.used t| 00000240 6f 20 64 6f 20 74 68 69 73 2e 20 54 68 65 20 6e |o do this. The n| 00000250 75 6d 62 65 72 20 6f 66 20 76 61 6c 69 64 20 66 |umber of valid f| 00000260 69 6c 65 20 62 6c 6f 63 6b 20 6f 66 66 73 65 74 |ile block offset| 00000270 73 20 6d 61 79 20 62 65 20 67 6f 74 20 62 79 0a |s may be got by.| 00000280 5a 61 70 5f 52 65 61 64 56 61 72 2e 20 28 54 68 |Zap_ReadVar. (Th| 00000290 65 6e 20 76 61 6c 69 64 20 6f 66 66 73 65 74 73 |en valid offsets| 000002a0 20 61 72 65 20 30 20 31 20 2e 2e 2e 20 6e 2d 31 | are 0 1 ... n-1| 000002b0 29 0a 0a 54 68 65 20 6c 65 6e 67 74 68 20 6f 66 |)..The length of| 000002c0 20 61 20 66 69 6c 65 20 62 6c 6f 63 6b 20 69 73 | a file block is| 000002d0 20 6e 6f 74 20 66 69 78 65 64 20 61 6e 64 20 76 | not fixed and v| 000002e0 61 72 69 65 73 20 61 63 72 6f 73 73 20 76 65 72 |aries across ver| 000002f0 73 69 6f 6e 73 20 6f 66 20 7a 61 70 2e 0a 54 68 |sions of zap..Th| 00000300 75 73 20 79 6f 75 20 6d 75 73 74 20 6e 6f 74 20 |us you must not | 00000310 61 73 73 75 6d 65 20 61 20 66 69 78 65 64 20 6c |assume a fixed l| 00000320 65 6e 67 74 68 2e 20 49 66 20 79 6f 75 20 6d 75 |ength. If you mu| 00000330 73 74 20 6b 6e 6f 77 20 74 68 65 20 6c 65 6e 67 |st know the leng| 00000340 74 68 20 74 68 65 6e 0a 63 6f 6e 76 65 72 74 20 |th then.convert | 00000350 66 69 6c 65 20 6f 66 66 73 65 74 73 20 30 2c 31 |file offsets 0,1| 00000360 20 74 6f 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 65 72 73 20 61 6e 64 | to pointers and| 00000370 20 74 68 65 6e 20 73 75 62 74 72 61 63 74 20 74 | then subtract t| 00000380 68 65 6d 2e 20 54 68 65 20 6f 66 66 73 65 74 73 |hem. The offsets| 00000390 20 66 72 6f 6d 0a 74 68 65 20 66 69 6c 65 20 62 | from.the file b| 000003a0 6c 6f 63 6b 20 73 74 61 72 74 20 61 72 65 20 67 |lock start are g| 000003b0 69 76 65 6e 20 6e 61 6d 65 73 20 62 65 67 69 6e |iven names begin| 000003c0 6e 69 6e 67 20 77 69 74 68 20 27 66 5f 27 2e 0a |ning with 'f_'..| 000003d0 0a 53 65 65 20 74 68 65 20 45 2d 4c 69 62 72 61 |.See the E-Libra| 000003e0 72 79 20 66 69 6c 65 20 66 6f 72 20 61 20 6c 69 |ry file for a li| 000003f0 73 74 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 27 66 5f 27 20 6e |st of the 'f_' n| 00000400 61 6d 65 73 2e 20 59 6f 75 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 |ames. You should| 00000410 20 75 73 65 20 63 6f 64 65 20 6f 66 0a 74 68 65 | use code of.the| 00000420 20 66 6f 72 6d 3a 0a 0a 09 4c 44 52 20 52 30 2c | form:...LDR R0,| 00000430 5b 52 39 2c 23 66 5f 70 74 72 5d 09 09 5c 20 73 |[R9,#f_ptr]..\ s| 00000440 65 74 20 52 30 20 74 6f 20 73 74 61 72 74 20 6f |et R0 to start o| 00000450 66 20 66 69 6c 65 20 62 75 66 66 65 72 2e 0a 09 |f file buffer...| 00000460 0a 74 6f 20 72 65 61 64 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 76 |.to read these v| 00000470 61 72 69 61 62 6c 65 73 2e 0a 0a 54 68 65 20 66 |ariables...The f| 00000480 69 6c 65 73 20 74 68 65 6d 73 65 6c 76 65 73 20 |iles themselves | 00000490 61 72 65 20 73 74 6f 72 65 64 20 69 6e 20 53 50 |are stored in SP| 000004a0 4c 49 54 20 42 55 46 46 45 52 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 |LIT BUFFER forma| 000004b0 74 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20 6d 65 61 6e 73 20 74 68 |t. This means th| 000004c0 61 74 20 74 68 65 0a 66 69 6c 65 20 64 61 74 61 |at the.file data| 000004d0 20 69 73 20 73 70 6c 69 74 20 69 6e 20 74 77 6f | is split in two| 000004e0 2c 20 77 69 74 68 20 61 20 67 61 70 20 69 6e 20 |, with a gap in | 000004f0 74 68 65 20 6d 69 64 64 6c 65 2e 20 54 68 65 20 |the middle. The | 00000500 64 69 61 67 72 61 6d 20 62 65 6c 6f 77 20 73 68 |diagram below sh| 00000510 6f 75 6c 64 0a 69 6c 6c 75 73 74 72 61 74 65 20 |ould.illustrate | 00000520 74 68 69 73 2e 0a 0a 09 09 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |this.....-------| 00000530 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |----------------| 00000540 2d 20 66 5f 70 74 72 2b 66 5f 62 75 66 6c 0a 09 |- f_ptr+f_bufl..| 00000550 09 7c 20 74 6f 70 20 68 61 6c 66 20 6f 66 20 66 |.| top half of f| 00000560 69 6c 65 20 20 20 20 20 7c 0a 09 09 2d 2d 2d 2d |ile |...----| 00000570 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |----------------| 00000580 2d 2d 2d 2d 20 66 5f 70 74 72 2b 66 5f 73 70 6c |---- f_ptr+f_spl| 00000590 69 74 65 0a 09 09 7c 20 66 69 6c 65 20 67 61 70 |ite...| file gap| 000005a0 09 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 0a 09 09 2d 2d 2d 2d |. |...----| 000005b0 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |----------------| 000005c0 2d 2d 2d 2d 20 66 5f 70 74 72 2b 66 5f 73 70 6c |---- f_ptr+f_spl| 000005d0 69 74 6f 0a 09 09 7c 20 62 6f 74 74 6f 6d 20 68 |ito...| bottom h| 000005e0 61 6c 66 20 6f 66 20 66 69 6c 65 20 20 7c 0a 09 |alf of file |..| 000005f0 09 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |.---------------| 00000600 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 20 66 5f 70 74 72 0a |--------- f_ptr.| 00000610 09 09 0a 4e 42 20 46 6f 72 20 61 6c 6c 20 5a 61 |...NB For all Za| 00000620 70 20 64 61 74 61 20 73 74 72 75 63 74 75 72 65 |p data structure| 00000630 73 20 62 6c 6f 63 6b 5f 73 74 61 72 74 3d 66 69 |s block_start=fi| 00000640 72 73 74 20 62 79 74 65 20 6f 66 20 64 61 74 61 |rst byte of data| 00000650 2c 20 62 6c 6f 63 6b 5f 65 6e 64 3d 0a 6c 61 73 |, block_end=.las| 00000660 74 20 62 79 74 65 20 6f 66 20 64 61 74 61 2b 31 |t byte of data+1| 00000670 2c 20 62 6c 6f 63 6b 5f 6c 65 6e 67 74 68 3d 62 |, block_length=b| 00000680 6c 6f 63 6b 5f 65 6e 64 2d 62 6c 6f 63 6b 5f 73 |lock_end-block_s| 00000690 74 61 72 74 2e 0a 0a 4e 6f 74 65 20 74 68 61 74 |tart...Note that| 000006a0 20 66 5f 70 74 72 20 6d 61 79 20 63 68 61 6e 67 | f_ptr may chang| 000006b0 65 20 6f 6e 20 61 6e 79 20 68 65 61 70 20 62 6c |e on any heap bl| 000006c0 6f 63 6b 20 63 6c 61 69 6d 2c 20 6f 72 20 66 69 |ock claim, or fi| 000006d0 6c 65 20 69 6e 73 65 72 74 2f 64 65 6c 65 74 65 |le insert/delete| 000006e0 2e 0a 54 68 75 73 20 61 6c 6c 20 74 68 65 20 6f |..Thus all the o| 000006f0 74 68 65 72 20 76 61 72 69 61 62 6c 65 73 20 61 |ther variables a| 00000700 72 65 20 73 74 6f 72 65 64 20 61 73 20 6f 66 66 |re stored as off| 00000710 73 65 74 73 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 69 73 2e 20 |sets from this. | 00000720 59 6f 75 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 75 73 65 0a 74 |You should use.t| 00000730 68 65 20 63 61 6c 6c 20 5a 61 70 5f 53 70 6c 69 |he call Zap_Spli| 00000740 74 42 75 66 66 65 72 20 74 6f 20 63 68 61 6e 67 |tBuffer to chang| 00000750 65 20 74 68 65 20 62 75 66 66 65 72 20 6c 65 6e |e the buffer len| 00000760 67 74 68 20 6f 72 20 73 70 6c 69 74 20 70 6f 73 |gth or split pos| 00000770 69 74 69 6f 6e 2e 20 59 6f 75 0a 73 68 6f 75 6c |ition. You.shoul| 00000780 64 20 75 73 65 20 74 68 65 20 63 61 6c 6c 20 5a |d use the call Z| 00000790 61 70 5f 43 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 20 74 6f 20 69 6e |ap_Command to in| 000007a0 73 65 72 74 2f 64 65 6c 65 74 65 20 64 61 74 61 |sert/delete data| 000007b0 2e 20 49 6e 73 65 72 74 69 6e 67 20 64 61 74 61 |. Inserting data| 000007c0 0a 6d 61 6e 75 61 6c 6c 79 20 61 6e 64 20 6b 65 |.manually and ke| 000007d0 65 70 69 6e 67 20 61 6c 6c 20 74 68 65 20 76 61 |eping all the va| 000007e0 72 69 61 62 6c 65 73 2f 75 6e 64 6f 20 62 75 66 |riables/undo buf| 000007f0 66 65 72 2f 73 63 72 65 65 6e 20 75 70 64 61 74 |fer/screen updat| 00000800 65 64 20 72 65 71 75 69 72 65 73 20 61 0a 6c 6f |ed requires a.lo| 00000810 74 20 6f 66 20 63 6f 64 65 20 69 66 20 79 6f 75 |t of code if you| 00000820 20 77 61 6e 74 20 74 6f 20 64 6f 20 69 74 20 79 | want to do it y| 00000830 6f 75 72 73 65 6c 66 20 28 74 68 65 20 6f 6e 6c |ourself (the onl| 00000840 79 20 65 78 63 65 70 74 69 6f 6e 20 74 6f 20 74 |y exception to t| 00000850 68 69 73 20 69 73 20 74 68 65 0a 65 5f 70 6f 73 |his is the.e_pos| 00000860 74 6c 6f 61 64 2f 65 5f 70 72 65 73 61 76 65 20 |tload/e_presave | 00000870 63 61 6c 6c 73 20 77 68 65 72 65 20 69 74 20 69 |calls where it i| 00000880 73 20 71 75 69 63 6b 65 72 20 74 6f 20 6d 61 6e |s quicker to man| 00000890 69 70 75 6c 61 74 65 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 6c 65 |ipulate the file| 000008a0 0a 64 69 72 65 63 74 6c 79 29 2e 0a 0a 46 6f 72 |.directly)...For| 000008b0 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 73 75 62 73 20 69 6e 20 5a 61 | most subs in Za| 000008c0 70 2c 20 61 20 70 6f 73 69 74 69 6f 6e 20 69 6e |p, a position in| 000008d0 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 6c 65 20 69 73 20 67 69 76 | the file is giv| 000008e0 65 6e 20 61 73 20 61 6e 20 6f 66 66 73 65 74 20 |en as an offset | 000008f0 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 0a 66 69 6c 65 20 73 74 |from the.file st| 00000900 61 72 74 20 28 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 72 61 6e 67 |art (in the rang| 00000910 65 20 30 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 6c 65 6e 67 74 |e 0 to the lengt| 00000920 68 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 6c 65 29 2e 20 |h of the file). | 00000930 54 68 65 73 65 20 66 69 6c 65 20 6f 66 66 73 65 |These file offse| 00000940 74 73 0a 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 6e 6f 74 20 62 65 |ts.should not be| 00000950 20 63 6f 6e 66 75 73 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 | confused with t| 00000960 68 65 20 66 69 6c 65 20 62 6c 6f 63 6b 20 6f 66 |he file block of| 00000970 66 73 65 74 73 20 64 65 73 63 72 69 62 65 64 20 |fsets described | 00000980 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 72 73 74 0a 70 61 72 |in the first.par| 00000990 61 67 72 61 70 68 2e 20 57 68 65 6e 20 49 20 73 |agraph. 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