Home » Archimedes archive » Acorn User » AU 1997-Xmas A.adf » StrongHelp » !Manuals/VDU
!Manuals/VDU
This website contains an archive of files for the Acorn Electron, BBC Micro, Acorn Archimedes, Commodore 16 and Commodore 64 computers, which Dominic Ford has rescued from his private collection of floppy disks and cassettes.
Some of these files were originally commercial releases in the 1980s and 1990s, but they are now widely available online. I assume that copyright over them is no longer being asserted. If you own the copyright and would like files to be removed, please contact me.
| Tape/disk: | Home » Archimedes archive » Acorn User » AU 1997-Xmas A.adf » StrongHelp |
| Filename: | !Manuals/VDU |
| Read OK: | ✔ |
| File size: | 267C bytes |
| Load address: | 0000 |
| Exec address: | 0000 |
File contents
HELP( � T
, ��� � $ DIR$� � E��� ��� !Root 4 F���*�',5 17 l F���ݽ� 17a F���$�',� 18 � E���&��� 18a |$ G���xi� 19 % G���A�ig 19a � F���˨', 22 � F���� 22a F���LO�6 23 E���H��� 23,0 E���N���� 23,1 � F��� �6� 23,17 � E���Z���W 23,17,0 E���\���� 23,17,4 � E���f��ߴ 23,17,6 � F����6� 23,17,7 \ E���k���L 23,2 � F���6� 23,6 P F���ks6� 23a ! E���|���e 24 �! F���"w',� 25 " E�������[ 28 |" F�����',� 29 (# F���ؾ',R 31 DATA VDU List:
#Table 17 33
0 Null Operation
1 Send next char to printer
2 Enable printer
3 Disable printer
4 Split text,graphics cursors
5 Join text,graphics cursors
6 Enable screen output
7 Bell
8 Back space (move left )
9 Horizontal tab (move right)
10 Line feed (move down )
11 Vertical tab (move up )
12 Form feed/clear screen
13 Carriage return
14 Page mode on
15 Page mode off
16 Clear graphics window
<17> Set text colour
<18> Set graphics colour and action
<19> Set palette
20 Restore default colours
21 Disable screen output
<22> Change Screen Mode
<23> Misc
<24> Define graphics window
<25> Plot
26 Restore default windows
27 NoOp
<28> Define text window
<29> Set graphics origin
30 Home
<31> Position text cursor
127 Delete
#EndTable DATA5 VDU 17
VDU 17,<colour=>17a>
Set text colour
DATA� colour
0 - 127 : Foreground colour set.
128 - 255 : Background colour set to colour-128.
colour used = colour AND maxcol.
maxcol is 1,3,15 or 63 for 256-colour modes.DATA� VDU 18
VDU 18,<action=>18a>,<colour=>17a>
This VDU is used to define graphics fore or background colour, and the way in which it is to be plotted on the screen. DATA Action:
s is pixel on screen.
c is new colour.
Value Action
----- -----------------------------------------
0 s = c
1 s = s OR c
2 s = s AND c
3 s = s XOR c
4 s = NOT s
5
6 s = s AND NOT c
7 s = s OR NOT c
8-15 As 0-7 but background col is transparent.
16-31 Colour pattern 1, using action 0-15
32-47 Colour pattern 2, using action 0-15
48-63 Colour pattern 3, using action 0-15
64-79 Colour pattern 4, using action 0-15
80-95 Giant pattern, using action 0-15FREE� ����19
VDU 19,colour,<mode=>19a>,r,g,b
This VDU defines the RGB value for the border, or one of the screen or pointer colours. FREE� � :
Mode Action
---- ------------------------
0-15 logical col = actual col
16 logical colour = RGB
17 first flash = RGB
18 second flash = RGB
24 Border colour = RGB
25 Pointer col = RGB
Add 128 to set supremacy bit.
Only top four bits of R,G and B, is used
today, but if you want the colours to
look the same on a future 24-bit VIDC,
you should set bottom bits=top bits. DATA VDU 22
VDU 22,<mode=>22a>
This VDU is used to select screen mode.
To read which mode is currently set, use <OS_Byte=>SWI.OS_Byte> 135, and to read other info, use <OS_ReadModeVariable=>SWI.OS_ReadModeVariable> or <OS_ReadVduVariables=>SWI.OS_ReadVduVariables>. DATA Standard Modes:
Mode col*row pixx*pixy colours Memory Type
#Line
0 80*32 640*256 2 20K ****-
1 40*32 320*256 4 20K ****-
2 20*32 160*256 16 40K ****-
3 80*25 Text only 2 40K ****-
4 40*32 320*256 2 20K ****-
5 20*32 160*256 4 20K ****-
6 40*25 Text only 2 20K ****-
7 40*25 Teletext 16 80K ****-
8 80*32 640*256 4 40K ****-
9 40*32 320*256 16 40K ****-
10 20*32 160*256 256 80K ****-
11 80*25 640*250 4 40K ****-
12 80*32 640*256 16 80K ****-
13 40*32 320*256 256 80K ****-
14 80*25 640*250 16 80K ****-
15 80*32 640*256 256 160K ****-
16 132*32 1056*256 16 132K **---
17 132*25 1056*250 16 132K **---
18 80*64 640*512 2 40K -*---
19 80*64 640*512 4 80K -*---
20 80*64 640*512 16 160K -*---
21 80*64 640*512 256 320K -*---
22 66*36 768*288 16 108K **---
23 144*56 1152*896 2 126K ----*
24 132*25 1056*256 256 264K **---
25 80*50 640*480 2 37.5K -***-
26 80*50 640*480 4 75K -***-
27 80*50 640*480 16 150K -***-
28 80*50 640*480 256 300K -***-
29 100*75 800*600 2 58.6K -*-*-
30 100*75 800*600 4 117.2K -*-*-
31 100*75 800*600 16 234.4K -*-*-
32
33 96*36 768*288 2 27K **---
34 96*36 768*288 4 54K **---
35 96*36 768*288 16 108K **---
36 96*36 768*288 256 216K **---
37 112*44 896*352 2 38.5K -*---
38 112*44 896*352 4 77K -*---
39 112*44 896*352 16 154K -*---
40 112*44 896*352 256 308K -*---
41 80*44 640*352 2 27.5K -***-
42 80*44 640*352 4 55K -***-
43 80*44 640*352 16 110K -***-
44 80*25 640*200 2 15.7K -***-
45 80*25 640*200 4 31.3K -***-
46 80*25 640*200 16 62.5K -***-
#Tab
�����
'TV'-type monitor �����
Multisync monitor ����
60 Hz VGA-type monitor ���
Super-VGA monitor ��
61.2 kHz high-res monochrome monitor � DATA VDU 23
VDU 23,<command=>23a>,eight parameters
Miscellaneous commands.
Though few of the commands use all of the eight parameters, they must always be present. In BASIC, you can use '|' to add eight 0'es:
VDU 23,0,10|
= VDU 23,0,10,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 DATA� VDU 23,0
Set the interlace and control cursor appearance.
VDU 23,0,action,mode,0,0,0,0,0,0
Action = 8 Set interlace:
Mode : 0 Set it to opposite of current *TV
1 Set it to current *TV
&80 Turn interlace off
&81 Turn interlace on
Action = 10 Set start line for cursor:
Mode bits 0-4 Start line (0 is top)
bits 5-6 00 Steady
01 Off
02 Fast flash
03 Slow flash
Action = 11 End line for cursor = Mode DATA� VDU 23,1
VDU 23,1,mode,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
This VDU controls the appearance
of the cursor:
0 Hide cursor
1 Show cursor
2 Steady cursor
3 Flashing corsor
The effect of this VDU is
cancelled when cursor editing occurs. DATA� VDU 23,17,x
<0-3=>23,17,0> Set tint
<4=>23,17,4> Choose colour-pattern type
5 Swap text fore and background colour
<6=>23,17,6> Set ECF origin
<7=>23,17,7> Set char size and spacing DATAW VDU 23,17,0-3
This VDU is used to set the tint for a colour in
a 256-colour mode:
VDU 23,17,0,tint,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 Text foreground
VDU 23,17,1,tint,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 Text background
VDU 23,17,2,tint,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 Graphics foreground
VDU 23,17,3,tint,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 Graphics background
Tint is &00,&40,&80 or &C0 (uses only 2 top bits). DATA� VDU 23,17,4
VDU 23,17,4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 : Use ancient pattern
VDU 23,17,4,1,0,0,0,0,0,0 : Use new & improved
This VDU chooses which set of colour patterns
are used to interpret subsequent <VDU 23,2-5=>23,2>
calls. DATA� VDU 23,17,6
23,17,6,x;y;0,0,0
This VDU sets the point with which to align
the bottom left of the ECF pattern with.
You can also use <OS_SetECFOrigin=>SWI.OS_SetECFOrigin>DATA� VDU 23,17,7
VDU 23,17,7,flags,x;y;
Flagbits:
#Line
0 Set size of VDU 5 characters. (sizes 8*8 and 8*16 are fast, others slow)
1 Set spacing between VDU 5 characters. DATAL VDU 23,2-5
VDU 23,nr,eight colour bytes.
This VDU defines one of the ECF patterns
Nr is 2-5 for pattern 1-4.
Each of the eight colour bytes define one row
of the ECF pattern, and there are two modes:
a BBC-mode, and an Archimedes mode.
To choose mode, use <VDU 23,17,4=>23,17,4>.
Bit 0-7 in each colour byte,is used as follows:
Bits pr
pixel BBC pixels Archimedes pixels
------- --------------- -----------------
1 7,6,5,4,3,2,1,0 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
2 73,62,51,40 10,32,54,76
4 7531,6420 3210,7654
8 76543210 76543210DATA� VDU 23,6
VDU 23,6, 8 pattern bytes
This VDU sets the dot-dash line style used by dotted <plot=>SWI:OS_Plot> commands. The most significant bit is used first. DATA� VDU 23 commands:
<0=>23,0> Set interlace & cursor appearance
<1=>23,1> Control cursor appearance
<2-5=>23,2> Define ECF pattern & colours
<6=>23,6> Set dot-dash line style
7 Scroll text window or screen
8 Clear block of text window
9 Set time for 1st flash colour
10 Set time for 2nd flash colour
11 Set default pattern
12-15 Define simple ECF & colours
16 Control cursor movement after print
<17=>23,17> Misc
32-255 Redefine a character. DATAe VDU 24
(rx,ty)
Define graphics window:
VDU 24,lx;by;rx;ty;
(lx,by) DATA� VDU 25
VDU 25,<command=>swi.os_plot0>,x;y;
This VDU executes a plot command. It is faster (and simpler) to use the SWI <OS_Plot=>SWI:OS_Plot> directly.DATA[ VDU 28
(rx,ty)
Define text window:
VDU 28,lx,by,rx,ty
(lx,by) DATA� VDU 29
VDU 29,x;y;
This VDU defines where on screen 0,0 is. All graphics operations are relative to this point. Graphics window remains at same position on screen.DATAR VDU 31
VDU 31,x,y
This VDU moves the text cursor to (x,y).
(0,0) is top left of current text window. If (x,y) is outside text window, nothing happens, unless scroll protect is enabled and x = maxx+1 => cursor is moved to (x-1,y), and a pending newline is generated.
Current position can be read with <OS_Byte=>SWI:OS_Byte> 134 DATA� VDU 19
#wrap off
VDU 19,colour,<mode=>19a>,r,g,b
#wrap
This VDU defines the RGB value for the border, or one of the screen or pointer colours. DATAg Mode:
Mode Action
#Line
0-15 logical col = actual col
16 logical colour = RGB
17 first flash = RGB
18 second flash = RGB
24 Border colour = RGB
25 Pointer col = RGB
Add 128 to set supremacy bit.
Only top four bits of R,G and B, is used today, but if you want the colours to look the same on a future 24-bit VIDC, you should set bottom bits=top bits. 00000000 48 45 4c 50 28 00 00 00 c9 00 00 00 54 0a 00 00 |HELP(.......T...| 00000010 2c 00 00 00 00 fd ff ff 00 00 00 00 e8 02 00 00 |,...............| 00000020 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 24 00 00 00 44 49 52 24 |........$...DIR$| 00000030 f0 02 00 00 f0 02 00 00 1c 03 00 00 45 fd ff ff |............E...| 00000040 00 96 e8 df 15 03 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 00000050 21 52 6f 6f 74 00 00 00 34 06 00 00 46 fd ff ff |!Root...4...F...| 00000060 2a 99 27 2c 35 00 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |*.',5...........| 00000070 31 37 00 00 6c 06 00 00 46 fd ff ff 11 dd bd 0e |17..l...F.......| 00000080 b0 00 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 31 37 61 00 |............17a.| 00000090 1c 07 00 00 46 fd ff ff 24 9e 27 2c a9 00 00 00 |....F...$.',....| 000000a0 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 31 38 00 00 c8 07 00 00 |........18......| 000000b0 45 fd ff ff 26 96 e8 df 04 02 00 00 13 00 00 00 |E...&...........| 000000c0 00 00 00 00 31 38 61 00 7c 24 00 00 47 fd ff ff |....18a.|$..G...| 000000d0 01 78 69 03 97 00 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.xi.............| 000000e0 31 39 00 00 14 25 00 00 47 fd ff ff 41 91 69 03 |19...%..G...A.i.| 000000f0 67 01 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 31 39 61 00 |g...........19a.| 00000100 e8 0b 00 00 46 fd ff ff cb a8 27 2c 0e 01 00 00 |....F.....',....| 00000110 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 32 32 00 00 f8 0c 00 00 |........22......| 00000120 46 fd ff ff e4 a4 1b 07 19 07 00 00 13 00 00 00 |F...............| 00000130 00 00 00 00 32 32 61 00 14 14 00 00 46 fd ff ff |....22a.....F...| 00000140 4c 4f b9 36 03 01 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |LO.6............| 00000150 32 33 00 00 18 15 00 00 45 fd ff ff 48 96 e8 df |23......E...H...| 00000160 f9 01 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 32 33 2c 30 |............23,0| 00000170 00 00 00 00 14 17 00 00 45 fd ff ff 4e 96 e8 df |........E...N...| 00000180 e5 00 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 32 33 2c 31 |............23,1| 00000190 00 00 00 00 fc 17 00 00 46 fd ff ff 20 97 0e 36 |........F... ..6| 000001a0 be 00 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 32 33 2c 31 |............23,1| 000001b0 37 00 00 00 bc 18 00 00 45 fd ff ff 5a 96 e8 df |7.......E...Z...| 000001c0 57 01 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 32 33 2c 31 |W...........23,1| 000001d0 37 2c 30 00 14 1a 00 00 45 fd ff ff 5c 96 e8 df |7,0.....E...\...| 000001e0 dd 00 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 32 33 2c 31 |............23,1| 000001f0 37 2c 34 00 f4 1a 00 00 45 fd ff ff 66 96 e8 df |7,4.....E...f...| 00000200 b4 00 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 32 33 2c 31 |............23,1| 00000210 37 2c 36 00 a8 1b 00 00 46 fd ff ff e6 a6 0e 36 |7,6.....F......6| 00000220 b2 00 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 32 33 2c 31 |............23,1| 00000230 37 2c 37 00 5c 1c 00 00 45 fd ff ff 6b 96 e8 df |7,7.\...E...k...| 00000240 4c 02 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 32 33 2c 32 |L...........23,2| 00000250 00 00 00 00 a8 1e 00 00 46 fd ff ff d7 89 0e 36 |........F......6| 00000260 a6 00 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 32 33 2c 36 |............23,6| 00000270 00 00 00 00 50 1f 00 00 46 fd ff ff 6b 73 0e 36 |....P...F...ks.6| 00000280 c6 01 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 32 33 61 00 |............23a.| 00000290 18 21 00 00 45 fd ff ff 7c 96 e8 df 65 00 00 00 |.!..E...|...e...| 000002a0 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 32 34 00 00 80 21 00 00 |........24...!..| 000002b0 46 fd ff ff 22 77 27 2c a0 00 00 00 13 00 00 00 |F..."w',........| 000002c0 00 00 00 00 32 35 00 00 20 22 00 00 45 fd ff ff |....25.. "..E...| 000002d0 80 96 e8 df 5b 00 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |....[...........| 000002e0 32 38 00 00 7c 22 00 00 46 fd ff ff 8c b5 27 2c |28..|"..F.....',| 000002f0 ac 00 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 32 39 00 00 |............29..| 00000300 28 23 00 00 46 fd ff ff d8 be 27 2c 52 01 00 00 |(#..F.....',R...| 00000310 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 33 31 00 00 44 41 54 41 |........31..DATA| 00000320 15 03 00 00 56 44 55 20 4c 69 73 74 3a 0a 23 54 |....VDU List:.#T| 00000330 61 62 6c 65 20 31 37 20 33 33 0a 20 20 30 20 4e |able 17 33. 0 N| 00000340 75 6c 6c 20 4f 70 65 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 0a 20 20 |ull Operation. | 00000350 31 20 53 65 6e 64 20 6e 65 78 74 20 63 68 61 72 |1 Send next char| 00000360 20 74 6f 20 70 72 69 6e 74 65 72 0a 20 20 32 20 | to printer. 2 | 00000370 45 6e 61 62 6c 65 20 70 72 69 6e 74 65 72 0a 20 |Enable printer. | 00000380 20 33 20 44 69 73 61 62 6c 65 20 70 72 69 6e 74 | 3 Disable print| 00000390 65 72 0a 20 20 34 20 53 70 6c 69 74 20 74 65 78 |er. 4 Split tex| 000003a0 74 2c 67 72 61 70 68 69 63 73 20 63 75 72 73 6f |t,graphics curso| 000003b0 72 73 0a 20 20 35 20 4a 6f 69 6e 20 20 74 65 78 |rs. 5 Join tex| 000003c0 74 2c 67 72 61 70 68 69 63 73 20 63 75 72 73 6f |t,graphics curso| 000003d0 72 73 0a 20 20 36 20 45 6e 61 62 6c 65 20 73 63 |rs. 6 Enable sc| 000003e0 72 65 65 6e 20 6f 75 74 70 75 74 0a 20 20 37 20 |reen output. 7 | 000003f0 42 65 6c 6c 0a 20 20 38 20 42 61 63 6b 20 73 70 |Bell. 8 Back sp| 00000400 61 63 65 20 20 20 20 20 28 6d 6f 76 65 20 6c 65 |ace (move le| 00000410 66 74 20 29 0a 20 20 39 20 48 6f 72 69 7a 6f 6e |ft ). 9 Horizon| 00000420 74 61 6c 20 74 61 62 20 28 6d 6f 76 65 20 72 69 |tal tab (move ri| 00000430 67 68 74 29 0a 20 31 30 20 4c 69 6e 65 20 66 65 |ght). 10 Line fe| 00000440 65 64 20 20 20 20 20 20 28 6d 6f 76 65 20 64 6f |ed (move do| 00000450 77 6e 20 29 0a 20 31 31 20 56 65 72 74 69 63 61 |wn ). 11 Vertica| 00000460 6c 20 74 61 62 20 20 20 28 6d 6f 76 65 20 75 70 |l tab (move up| 00000470 20 20 20 29 0a 20 31 32 20 46 6f 72 6d 20 66 65 | ). 12 Form fe| 00000480 65 64 2f 63 6c 65 61 72 20 73 63 72 65 65 6e 0a |ed/clear screen.| 00000490 20 31 33 20 43 61 72 72 69 61 67 65 20 72 65 74 | 13 Carriage ret| 000004a0 75 72 6e 0a 20 31 34 20 50 61 67 65 20 6d 6f 64 |urn. 14 Page mod| 000004b0 65 20 6f 6e 0a 20 31 35 20 50 61 67 65 20 6d 6f |e on. 15 Page mo| 000004c0 64 65 20 6f 66 66 0a 20 31 36 20 43 6c 65 61 72 |de off. 16 Clear| 000004d0 20 67 72 61 70 68 69 63 73 20 77 69 6e 64 6f 77 | graphics window| 000004e0 0a 3c 31 37 3e 20 53 65 74 20 74 65 78 74 20 63 |.<17> Set text c| 000004f0 6f 6c 6f 75 72 0a 3c 31 38 3e 20 53 65 74 20 67 |olour.<18> Set g| 00000500 72 61 70 68 69 63 73 20 63 6f 6c 6f 75 72 20 61 |raphics colour a| 00000510 6e 64 20 61 63 74 69 6f 6e 0a 3c 31 39 3e 20 53 |nd action.<19> S| 00000520 65 74 20 70 61 6c 65 74 74 65 0a 32 30 20 52 65 |et palette.20 Re| 00000530 73 74 6f 72 65 20 64 65 66 61 75 6c 74 20 63 6f |store default co| 00000540 6c 6f 75 72 73 0a 32 31 20 44 69 73 61 62 6c 65 |lours.21 Disable| 00000550 20 73 63 72 65 65 6e 20 6f 75 74 70 75 74 0a 3c | screen output.<| 00000560 32 32 3e 20 43 68 61 6e 67 65 20 53 63 72 65 65 |22> Change Scree| 00000570 6e 20 4d 6f 64 65 0a 3c 32 33 3e 20 4d 69 73 63 |n Mode.<23> Misc| 00000580 0a 3c 32 34 3e 20 44 65 66 69 6e 65 20 67 72 61 |.<24> Define gra| 00000590 70 68 69 63 73 20 77 69 6e 64 6f 77 0a 3c 32 35 |phics window.<25| 000005a0 3e 20 50 6c 6f 74 0a 32 36 20 52 65 73 74 6f 72 |> Plot.26 Restor| 000005b0 65 20 64 65 66 61 75 6c 74 20 77 69 6e 64 6f 77 |e default window| 000005c0 73 0a 32 37 20 4e 6f 4f 70 0a 3c 32 38 3e 20 44 |s.27 NoOp.<28> D| 000005d0 65 66 69 6e 65 20 74 65 78 74 20 77 69 6e 64 6f |efine text windo| 000005e0 77 0a 3c 32 39 3e 20 53 65 74 20 67 72 61 70 68 |w.<29> Set graph| 000005f0 69 63 73 20 6f 72 69 67 69 6e 0a 33 30 20 48 6f |ics origin.30 Ho| 00000600 6d 65 0a 3c 33 31 3e 20 50 6f 73 69 74 69 6f 6e |me.<31> Position| 00000610 20 74 65 78 74 20 63 75 72 73 6f 72 0a 31 32 37 | text cursor.127| 00000620 20 44 65 6c 65 74 65 0a 23 45 6e 64 54 61 62 6c | Delete.#EndTabl| 00000630 65 00 00 00 44 41 54 41 35 00 00 00 56 44 55 20 |e...DATA5...VDU | 00000640 31 37 0a 56 44 55 20 31 37 2c 3c 63 6f 6c 6f 75 |17.VDU 17,<colou| 00000650 72 3d 3e 31 37 61 3e 0a 0a 53 65 74 20 74 65 78 |r=>17a>..Set tex| 00000660 74 20 63 6f 6c 6f 75 72 0a 00 00 00 44 41 54 41 |t colour....DATA| 00000670 b0 00 00 00 63 6f 6c 6f 75 72 0a 30 09 2d 09 31 |....colour.0.-.1| 00000680 32 37 09 3a 20 46 6f 72 65 67 72 6f 75 6e 64 20 |27.: Foreground | 00000690 63 6f 6c 6f 75 72 20 73 65 74 2e 0a 31 32 38 09 |colour set..128.| 000006a0 2d 09 32 35 35 09 3a 20 42 61 63 6b 67 72 6f 75 |-.255.: Backgrou| 000006b0 6e 64 20 63 6f 6c 6f 75 72 20 73 65 74 20 74 6f |nd colour set to| 000006c0 20 63 6f 6c 6f 75 72 2d 31 32 38 2e 0a 0a 63 6f | colour-128...co| 000006d0 6c 6f 75 72 20 75 73 65 64 20 3d 20 63 6f 6c 6f |lour used = colo| 000006e0 75 72 20 41 4e 44 20 6d 61 78 63 6f 6c 2e 0a 0a |ur AND maxcol...| 000006f0 6d 61 78 63 6f 6c 20 69 73 20 31 2c 33 2c 31 35 |maxcol is 1,3,15| 00000700 20 6f 72 20 36 33 20 66 6f 72 20 32 35 36 2d 63 | or 63 for 256-c| 00000710 6f 6c 6f 75 72 20 6d 6f 64 65 73 2e 44 41 54 41 |olour modes.DATA| 00000720 a9 00 00 00 56 44 55 20 31 38 0a 56 44 55 20 31 |....VDU 18.VDU 1| 00000730 38 2c 3c 61 63 74 69 6f 6e 3d 3e 31 38 61 3e 2c |8,<action=>18a>,| 00000740 3c 63 6f 6c 6f 75 72 3d 3e 31 37 61 3e 0a 0a 54 |<colour=>17a>..T| 00000750 68 69 73 20 56 44 55 20 69 73 20 75 73 65 64 20 |his VDU is used | 00000760 74 6f 20 64 65 66 69 6e 65 20 67 72 61 70 68 69 |to define graphi| 00000770 63 73 20 66 6f 72 65 20 6f 72 20 62 61 63 6b 67 |cs fore or backg| 00000780 72 6f 75 6e 64 20 63 6f 6c 6f 75 72 2c 20 61 6e |round colour, an| 00000790 64 20 74 68 65 20 77 61 79 20 69 6e 20 77 68 69 |d the way in whi| 000007a0 63 68 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 70 |ch it is to be p| 000007b0 6c 6f 74 74 65 64 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 73 63 |lotted on the sc| 000007c0 72 65 65 6e 2e 00 00 00 44 41 54 41 04 02 00 00 |reen....DATA....| 000007d0 41 63 74 69 6f 6e 3a 0a 73 20 69 73 20 70 69 78 |Action:.s is pix| 000007e0 65 6c 20 6f 6e 20 73 63 72 65 65 6e 2e 0a 63 20 |el on screen..c | 000007f0 69 73 20 6e 65 77 20 63 6f 6c 6f 75 72 2e 0a 0a |is new colour...| 00000800 56 61 6c 75 65 20 20 41 63 74 69 6f 6e 0a 2d 2d |Value Action.--| 00000810 2d 2d 2d 20 20 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--- -----------| 00000820 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |----------------| 00000830 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a 20 |--------------. | 00000840 20 20 20 30 20 20 73 20 3d 20 63 0a 20 20 20 20 | 0 s = c. | 00000850 31 20 20 73 20 3d 20 73 20 4f 52 20 63 0a 20 20 |1 s = s OR c. | 00000860 20 20 32 20 20 73 20 3d 20 73 20 41 4e 44 20 63 | 2 s = s AND c| 00000870 0a 20 20 20 20 33 20 20 73 20 3d 20 73 20 58 4f |. 3 s = s XO| 00000880 52 20 63 0a 20 20 20 20 34 20 20 73 20 3d 20 4e |R c. 4 s = N| 00000890 4f 54 20 73 0a 20 20 20 20 35 0a 20 20 20 20 36 |OT s. 5. 6| 000008a0 20 20 73 20 3d 20 73 20 41 4e 44 20 4e 4f 54 20 | s = s AND NOT | 000008b0 63 0a 20 20 20 20 37 20 20 73 20 3d 20 73 20 4f |c. 7 s = s O| 000008c0 52 20 4e 4f 54 20 63 0a 20 38 2d 31 35 20 20 41 |R NOT c. 8-15 A| 000008d0 73 20 30 2d 37 20 62 75 74 20 62 61 63 6b 67 72 |s 0-7 but backgr| 000008e0 6f 75 6e 64 20 63 6f 6c 20 69 73 20 74 72 61 6e |ound col is tran| 000008f0 73 70 61 72 65 6e 74 2e 0a 31 36 2d 33 31 20 20 |sparent..16-31 | 00000900 43 6f 6c 6f 75 72 20 70 61 74 74 65 72 6e 20 31 |Colour pattern 1| 00000910 2c 20 75 73 69 6e 67 20 61 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 30 |, using action 0| 00000920 2d 31 35 0a 33 32 2d 34 37 20 20 43 6f 6c 6f 75 |-15.32-47 Colou| 00000930 72 20 70 61 74 74 65 72 6e 20 32 2c 20 75 73 69 |r pattern 2, usi| 00000940 6e 67 20 61 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 30 2d 31 35 0a 34 |ng action 0-15.4| 00000950 38 2d 36 33 20 20 43 6f 6c 6f 75 72 20 70 61 74 |8-63 Colour pat| 00000960 74 65 72 6e 20 33 2c 20 75 73 69 6e 67 20 61 63 |tern 3, using ac| 00000970 74 69 6f 6e 20 30 2d 31 35 0a 36 34 2d 37 39 20 |tion 0-15.64-79 | 00000980 20 43 6f 6c 6f 75 72 20 70 61 74 74 65 72 6e 20 | Colour pattern | 00000990 34 2c 20 75 73 69 6e 67 20 61 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 |4, using action | 000009a0 30 2d 31 35 0a 38 30 2d 39 35 20 20 47 69 61 6e |0-15.80-95 Gian| 000009b0 74 20 70 61 74 74 65 72 6e 2c 20 75 73 69 6e 67 |t pattern, using| 000009c0 20 61 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 30 2d 31 35 46 52 45 45 | action 0-15FREE| 000009d0 87 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff 31 39 0a 56 44 55 20 31 |........19.VDU 1| 000009e0 39 2c 63 6f 6c 6f 75 72 2c 3c 6d 6f 64 65 3d 3e |9,colour,<mode=>| 000009f0 31 39 61 3e 2c 72 2c 67 2c 62 0a 0a 54 68 69 73 |19a>,r,g,b..This| 00000a00 20 56 44 55 20 64 65 66 69 6e 65 73 20 74 68 65 | VDU defines the| 00000a10 20 52 47 42 20 76 61 6c 75 65 20 66 6f 72 20 74 | RGB value for t| 00000a20 68 65 20 62 6f 72 64 65 72 2c 20 6f 72 20 6f 6e |he border, or on| 00000a30 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 73 63 72 65 65 6e 20 |e of the 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0a 20 20 32 35 20 20 50 6f 69 6e 74 65 72 |GB. 25 Pointer| 00000b20 20 63 6f 6c 20 3d 20 52 47 42 0a 0a 41 64 64 20 | col = RGB..Add | 00000b30 31 32 38 20 74 6f 20 73 65 74 20 73 75 70 72 65 |128 to set supre| 00000b40 6d 61 63 79 20 62 69 74 2e 0a 0a 4f 6e 6c 79 20 |macy bit...Only | 00000b50 74 6f 70 20 66 6f 75 72 20 62 69 74 73 20 6f 66 |top four bits of| 00000b60 20 52 2c 47 20 61 6e 64 20 42 2c 20 69 73 20 75 | R,G and B, is u| 00000b70 73 65 64 0a 74 6f 64 61 79 2c 20 62 75 74 20 69 |sed.today, but i| 00000b80 66 20 79 6f 75 20 77 61 6e 74 20 74 68 65 20 63 |f you want the c| 00000b90 6f 6c 6f 75 72 73 20 74 6f 0a 6c 6f 6f 6b 20 74 |olours to.look t| 00000ba0 68 65 20 73 61 6d 65 20 6f 6e 20 61 20 66 75 74 |he same on a fut| 00000bb0 75 72 65 20 32 34 2d 62 69 74 20 56 49 44 43 2c |ure 24-bit VIDC,| 00000bc0 0a 79 6f 75 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 73 65 74 20 |.you should set | 00000bd0 62 6f 74 74 6f 6d 20 62 69 74 73 3d 74 6f 70 20 |bottom bits=top | 00000be0 62 69 74 73 2e 00 00 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|*288..16.108K.**| 00001000 2d 2d 2d 0a 32 33 09 31 34 34 2a 35 36 09 31 31 |---.23.144*56.11| 00001010 35 32 2a 38 39 36 09 32 09 31 32 36 4b 09 2d 2d |52*896.2.126K.--| 00001020 2d 2d 2a 0a 32 34 09 31 33 32 2a 32 35 09 31 30 |--*.24.132*25.10| 00001030 35 36 2a 32 35 36 09 32 35 36 09 32 36 34 4b 09 |56*256.256.264K.| 00001040 2a 2a 2d 2d 2d 0a 32 35 09 38 30 2a 35 30 09 36 |**---.25.80*50.6| 00001050 34 30 2a 34 38 30 09 09 32 09 33 37 2e 35 4b 09 |40*480..2.37.5K.| 00001060 2d 2a 2a 2a 2d 0a 32 36 09 38 30 2a 35 30 09 36 |-***-.26.80*50.6| 00001070 34 30 2a 34 38 30 09 09 34 09 37 35 4b 09 2d 2a |40*480..4.75K.-*| 00001080 2a 2a 2d 0a 32 37 09 38 30 2a 35 30 09 36 34 30 |**-.27.80*50.640| 00001090 2a 34 38 30 09 09 31 36 09 31 35 30 4b 09 2d 2a |*480..16.150K.-*| 000010a0 2a 2a 2d 0a 32 38 09 38 30 2a 35 30 09 36 34 30 |**-.28.80*50.640| 000010b0 2a 34 38 30 09 09 32 35 36 09 33 30 30 4b 09 2d |*480..256.300K.-| 000010c0 2a 2a 2a 2d 0a 32 39 09 31 30 30 2a 37 35 09 38 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92 |pe monitor ....| 00001350 92 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.. | 00001360 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4d 75 6c 74 69 73 | Multis| 00001370 79 6e 63 20 6d 6f 6e 69 74 6f 72 20 20 94 92 92 |ync monitor ...| 00001380 92 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.. | 00001390 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 36 30 20 48 7a 20 56 47 41 | 60 Hz VGA| 000013a0 2d 74 79 70 65 20 6d 6f 6e 69 74 6f 72 20 94 92 |-type monitor ..| 000013b0 92 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.. | 000013c0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 53 75 70 | Sup| 000013d0 65 72 2d 56 47 41 20 6d 6f 6e 69 74 6f 72 20 94 |er-VGA monitor .| 000013e0 92 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 36 31 2e 32 20 6b |.. 61.2 k| 000013f0 48 7a 20 68 69 67 68 2d 72 65 73 20 6d 6f 6e 6f |Hz high-res mono| 00001400 63 68 72 6f 6d 65 20 6d 6f 6e 69 74 6f 72 20 20 |chrome monitor | 00001410 94 00 00 00 44 41 54 41 03 01 00 00 56 44 55 20 |....DATA....VDU | 00001420 32 33 0a 56 44 55 20 32 33 2c 3c 63 6f 6d 6d 61 |23.VDU 23,<comma| 00001430 6e 64 3d 3e 32 33 61 3e 2c 65 69 67 68 74 20 70 |nd=>23a>,eight p| 00001440 61 72 61 6d 65 74 65 72 73 0a 0a 4d 69 73 63 65 |arameters..Misce| 00001450 6c 6c 61 6e 65 6f 75 73 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 |llaneous command| 00001460 73 2e 0a 0a 54 68 6f 75 67 68 20 66 65 77 20 6f |s...Though few o| 00001470 66 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 73 20 75 |f the commands u| 00001480 73 65 20 61 6c 6c 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 65 69 |se all of the ei| 00001490 67 68 74 20 70 61 72 61 6d 65 74 65 72 73 2c 20 |ght parameters, | 000014a0 74 68 65 79 20 6d 75 73 74 20 61 6c 77 61 79 73 |they must always| 000014b0 20 62 65 20 70 72 65 73 65 6e 74 2e 20 49 6e 20 | be present. In | 000014c0 42 41 53 49 43 2c 20 79 6f 75 20 63 61 6e 20 75 |BASIC, you can u| 000014d0 73 65 20 27 7c 27 20 74 6f 20 61 64 64 20 65 69 |se '|' to add ei| 000014e0 67 68 74 20 30 27 65 73 3a 0a 0a 09 56 44 55 20 |ght 0'es:...VDU | 000014f0 32 33 2c 30 2c 31 30 7c 0a 20 3d 09 56 44 55 20 |23,0,10|. =.VDU | 00001500 32 33 2c 30 2c 31 30 2c 30 2c 30 2c 30 2c 30 2c |23,0,10,0,0,0,0,| 00001510 30 2c 30 2c 30 2c 30 00 44 41 54 41 f9 01 00 00 |0,0,0,0.DATA....| 00001520 56 44 55 20 32 33 2c 30 0a 53 65 74 20 74 68 65 |VDU 23,0.Set the| 00001530 20 69 6e 74 65 72 6c 61 63 65 20 61 6e 64 20 63 | interlace and c| 00001540 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c 20 63 75 72 73 6f 72 20 61 70 |ontrol cursor ap| 00001550 70 65 61 72 61 6e 63 65 2e 0a 56 44 55 20 32 33 |pearance..VDU 23| 00001560 2c 30 2c 61 63 74 69 6f 6e 2c 6d 6f 64 65 2c 30 |,0,action,mode,0| 00001570 2c 30 2c 30 2c 30 2c 30 2c 30 0a 0a 41 63 74 69 |,0,0,0,0,0..Acti| 00001580 6f 6e 20 3d 20 20 38 20 20 53 65 74 20 69 6e 74 |on = 8 Set int| 00001590 65 72 6c 61 63 65 3a 0a 20 20 4d 6f 64 65 20 3a |erlace:. 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It is fast| 000021e0 65 72 20 28 61 6e 64 20 73 69 6d 70 6c 65 72 29 |er (and simpler)| 000021f0 20 74 6f 20 75 73 65 20 74 68 65 20 53 57 49 20 | to use the SWI | 00002200 3c 4f 53 5f 50 6c 6f 74 3d 3e 53 57 49 3a 4f 53 |<OS_Plot=>SWI:OS| 00002210 5f 50 6c 6f 74 3e 20 64 69 72 65 63 74 6c 79 2e |_Plot> directly.| 00002220 44 41 54 41 5b 00 00 00 56 44 55 20 32 38 0a 20 |DATA[...VDU 28. | 00002230 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 28 | (| 00002240 72 78 2c 74 79 29 0a 0a 20 44 65 66 69 6e 65 20 |rx,ty).. Define | 00002250 74 65 78 74 20 77 69 6e 64 6f 77 3a 0a 20 20 56 |text window:. V| 00002260 44 55 20 32 38 2c 6c 78 2c 62 79 2c 72 78 2c 74 |DU 28,lx,by,rx,t| 00002270 79 0a 0a 0a 28 6c 78 2c 62 79 29 00 44 41 54 41 |y...(lx,by).DATA| 00002280 ac 00 00 00 56 44 55 20 32 39 0a 56 44 55 20 32 |....VDU 29.VDU 2| 00002290 39 2c 78 3b 79 3b 0a 0a 54 68 69 73 20 56 44 55 |9,x;y;..This VDU| 000022a0 20 64 65 66 69 6e 65 73 20 77 68 65 72 65 20 6f | defines where o| 000022b0 6e 20 73 63 72 65 65 6e 20 30 2c 30 20 69 73 2e |n screen 0,0 is.| 000022c0 20 41 6c 6c 20 67 72 61 70 68 69 63 73 20 6f 70 | All graphics op| 000022d0 65 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 61 72 65 20 72 65 6c |erations are rel| 000022e0 61 74 69 76 65 20 74 6f 20 74 68 69 73 20 70 6f |ative to this po| 000022f0 69 6e 74 2e 20 47 72 61 70 68 69 63 73 20 77 69 |int. Graphics wi| 00002300 6e 64 6f 77 20 72 65 6d 61 69 6e 73 20 61 74 20 |ndow remains at | 00002310 73 61 6d 65 20 70 6f 73 69 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 6e |same position on| 00002320 20 73 63 72 65 65 6e 2e 44 41 54 41 52 01 00 00 | screen.DATAR...| 00002330 56 44 55 20 33 31 0a 56 44 55 20 33 31 2c 78 2c |VDU 31.VDU 31,x,| 00002340 79 0a 0a 54 68 69 73 20 56 44 55 20 6d 6f 76 65 |y..This VDU move| 00002350 73 20 74 68 65 20 74 65 78 74 20 63 75 72 73 6f |s the text curso| 00002360 72 20 74 6f 20 28 78 2c 79 29 2e 0a 0a 28 30 2c |r to (x,y)...(0,| 00002370 30 29 20 69 73 20 74 6f 70 20 6c 65 66 74 20 6f |0) is top left o| 00002380 66 20 63 75 72 72 65 6e 74 20 74 65 78 74 20 77 |f current text w| 00002390 69 6e 64 6f 77 2e 20 49 66 20 28 78 2c 79 29 20 |indow. If (x,y) | 000023a0 69 73 20 6f 75 74 73 69 64 65 20 74 65 78 74 20 |is outside text | 000023b0 77 69 6e 64 6f 77 2c 20 6e 6f 74 68 69 6e 67 20 |window, nothing | 000023c0 68 61 70 70 65 6e 73 2c 20 75 6e 6c 65 73 73 20 |happens, unless | 000023d0 73 63 72 6f 6c 6c 20 70 72 6f 74 65 63 74 20 69 |scroll protect i| 000023e0 73 20 65 6e 61 62 6c 65 64 20 61 6e 64 20 78 20 |s enabled and x | 000023f0 3d 20 6d 61 78 78 2b 31 20 20 3d 3e 20 63 75 72 |= maxx+1 => cur| 00002400 73 6f 72 20 69 73 20 6d 6f 76 65 64 20 74 6f 20 |sor is moved to | 00002410 28 78 2d 31 2c 79 29 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 61 20 70 |(x-1,y), and a p| 00002420 65 6e 64 69 6e 67 20 6e 65 77 6c 69 6e 65 20 69 |ending newline i| 00002430 73 20 67 65 6e 65 72 61 74 65 64 2e 0a 0a 43 75 |s generated...Cu| 00002440 72 72 65 6e 74 20 70 6f 73 69 74 69 6f 6e 20 63 |rrent position c| 00002450 61 6e 20 62 65 20 72 65 61 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 |an be read with | 00002460 3c 4f 53 5f 42 79 74 65 3d 3e 53 57 49 3a 4f 53 |<OS_Byte=>SWI:OS| 00002470 5f 42 79 74 65 3e 20 31 33 34 00 00 44 41 54 41 |_Byte> 134..DATA| 00002480 97 00 00 00 56 44 55 20 31 39 0a 23 77 72 61 70 |....VDU 19.#wrap| 00002490 20 6f 66 66 0a 56 44 55 20 31 39 2c 63 6f 6c 6f | off.VDU 19,colo| 000024a0 75 72 2c 3c 6d 6f 64 65 3d 3e 31 39 61 3e 2c 72 |ur,<mode=>19a>,r| 000024b0 2c 67 2c 62 0a 23 77 72 61 70 0a 0a 54 68 69 73 |,g,b.#wrap..This| 000024c0 20 56 44 55 20 64 65 66 69 6e 65 73 20 74 68 65 | VDU defines the| 000024d0 20 52 47 42 20 76 61 6c 75 65 20 66 6f 72 20 74 | RGB value for t| 000024e0 68 65 20 62 6f 72 64 65 72 2c 20 6f 72 20 6f 6e |he border, or on| 000024f0 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 73 63 72 65 65 6e 20 |e of the screen | 00002500 6f 72 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 65 72 20 63 6f 6c 6f 75 |or pointer colou| 00002510 72 73 2e 00 44 41 54 41 67 01 00 00 4d 6f 64 65 |rs..DATAg...Mode| 00002520 3a 0a 4d 6f 64 65 09 41 63 74 69 6f 6e 0a 23 4c |:.Mode.Action.#L| 00002530 69 6e 65 0a 30 2d 31 35 09 6c 6f 67 69 63 61 6c |ine.0-15.logical| 00002540 20 63 6f 6c 20 3d 20 61 63 74 75 61 6c 20 63 6f | col = actual co| 00002550 6c 0a 31 36 09 6c 6f 67 69 63 61 6c 20 63 6f 6c |l.16.logical col| 00002560 6f 75 72 20 3d 20 52 47 42 0a 31 37 09 66 69 72 |our = RGB.17.fir| 00002570 73 74 20 66 6c 61 73 68 20 3d 20 52 47 42 0a 31 |st flash = RGB.1| 00002580 38 09 73 65 63 6f 6e 64 20 66 6c 61 73 68 20 3d |8.second flash =| 00002590 20 52 47 42 0a 32 34 09 42 6f 72 64 65 72 20 63 | RGB.24.Border c| 000025a0 6f 6c 6f 75 72 20 3d 20 52 47 42 0a 32 35 09 50 |olour = RGB.25.P| 000025b0 6f 69 6e 74 65 72 20 63 6f 6c 20 3d 20 52 47 42 |ointer col = RGB| 000025c0 0a 0a 41 64 64 20 31 32 38 20 74 6f 20 73 65 74 |..Add 128 to set| 000025d0 20 73 75 70 72 65 6d 61 63 79 20 62 69 74 2e 0a | supremacy bit..| 000025e0 0a 4f 6e 6c 79 20 74 6f 70 20 66 6f 75 72 20 62 |.Only top four b| 000025f0 69 74 73 20 6f 66 20 52 2c 47 20 61 6e 64 20 42 |its of R,G and B| 00002600 2c 20 69 73 20 75 73 65 64 20 74 6f 64 61 79 2c |, is used today,| 00002610 20 62 75 74 20 69 66 20 79 6f 75 20 77 61 6e 74 | but if you want| 00002620 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f 6c 6f 75 72 73 20 74 6f 20 | the colours to | 00002630 6c 6f 6f 6b 20 74 68 65 20 73 61 6d 65 20 6f 6e |look the same on| 00002640 20 61 20 66 75 74 75 72 65 20 32 34 2d 62 69 74 | a future 24-bit| 00002650 20 56 49 44 43 2c 20 79 6f 75 20 73 68 6f 75 6c | VIDC, you shoul| 00002660 64 20 73 65 74 20 62 6f 74 74 6f 6d 20 62 69 74 |d set bottom bit| 00002670 73 3d 74 6f 70 20 62 69 74 73 2e 00 |s=top bits..| 0000267c
.