Home » Archimedes archive » Acorn User » AU 1998-05 B.adf » PRMs » VDU
VDU
This website contains an archive of files for the Acorn Electron, BBC Micro, Acorn Archimedes, Commodore 16 and Commodore 64 computers, which Dominic Ford has rescued from his private collection of floppy disks and cassettes.
Some of these files were originally commercial releases in the 1980s and 1990s, but they are now widely available online. I assume that copyright over them is no longer being asserted. If you own the copyright and would like files to be removed, please contact me.
| Tape/disk: | Home » Archimedes archive » Acorn User » AU 1998-05 B.adf » PRMs |
| Filename: | VDU |
| Read OK: | ✔ |
| File size: | 7428 bytes |
| Load address: | 0000 |
| Exec address: | 0000 |
File contents
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H����a[� 18 H H����`[� 18a H���3^[� 19 � H���F\[u 19a H������ 22 8 H���Q � 22a � H����!E!� 23 t H���
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�-!4 11 |: H���O�=!� 12 l; H���u�=!� 13 l< H���o�+!� 127 �= H���f��'� 16 �> H����C!( 2 B H�����=! 20 C H��� %!k 21 |E H���B9 2 23,10 �F H�����:!� 23,11 `G H�����9!� 23,12 ,I H�����,! 23,16 <M H����)!� 23,7 P H���XE=!: 23,8 PS H��� < . 23,9 �T H���*8!" 26 �U H���C�!R 27 �U H���}�!� 3 �V H����'<!� ECF_Default �\ H���ޕ@!/ Scroll_Protection �` H���MM7!� 30 �b H������&X 4 f H���b5@! 5 $j H�����!� 6 �j H����D>!� 7 �k H����`,!� 8 <m H����:-!� 9 o H��� E�+' about DATAq VDU codes
#Parent StrongHelp:!Menu
0 <Null Operation=>0> 16 <Clear graphics window=>16>
1 <Send next char to printer=>1> 17 <Set text colour=>17>
2 <Enable printer=>2> 18 <Set graphics colour and action=>18>
3 <Disable printer=>3> 19 <Set palette=>19>
4 <Split text,graphics cursors=>4> 20 <Restore default colours=>20>
5 <Join text,graphics cursors=>5> 21 <Disable screen output=>21>
6 <Enable screen output=>6> 22 <Change Screen Mode=>22>
7 <Bell=>7> 23 <Misc=>23>
8 <Back space=>8> (move left) 24 <Define graphics window=>24>
9 <Horizontal tab=>9> (move right) 25 <Plot=>25>
10 <Line feed=>10> (move down) 26 <Restore default windows=>26>
11 <Vertical tab=>11> (move up) 27 <Null Operation=>27>
12 <Form feed/clear screen=>12> 28 <Define text window=>28>
13 <Carriage return=>13> 29 <Set graphics origin=>29>
14 <Page mode on=>14> 30 <Home=>30>
15 <Page mode off=>14> 31 <Position text cursor=>31>
127 <Delete=>127>
#Tab
See also:
<OS_ReadVDUVariables=>OS:OS_ReadVDUVariables> <Scroll protection=>Scroll_Protection>
<Output stream status=>OS:OS_Byte003> <VDU status=>OS:OS_Byte117>
<Unknown VDU23 vector=>OS:vector_ukvdu23v> <Unknown plot vector=>OS:vector_ukplotv>
<VDU extension vector=>OS:vector_vduxv>
#Indent;Line;align centre
{/}<VDU commands manual=>about>, v2.00{/}
DATAL VDU 17
#Parent !Root
#Wrap Off
Set text colour:
VDU 17,<colour=>17a>DATA� Colour
#Parent 17
0-127 : Foreground colour set.
128-255 : Background colour set to colour-128.
colour used = colour AND maxcol.
maxcol is 1,3,15 or 63 for 256-colour modes. DATA� VDU 18
#Parent !Root
VDU 18,<action=>18a>,<colour=>17a>
This VDU is used to define graphics fore or background colour, and the way in which it is to be plotted on the screen. DATA� Action:
#Parent 18
s is pixel on screen.
c is new colour.
Value Action
#Line
0 s = c
1 s = s OR c
2 s = s AND c
3 s = s XOR c
4 s = NOT s
5
6 s = s AND NOT c
7 s = s OR NOT c
8-15 As 0-7 but background col is transparent.
16-31 Colour pattern 1, using action 0-15
32-47 Colour pattern 2, using action 0-15
48-63 Colour pattern 3, using action 0-15
64-79 Colour pattern 4, using action 0-15
80-95 Giant pattern, using action 0-15 DATA� VDU 19
#Parent !Root
#Wrap Off
VDU 19,colour,<mode=>19a>,r,g,b
#Wrap On
This VDU defines the RGB value for the border, or one of the screen or pointer colours. DATAu Mode:
#Parent !Root
Mode Action
#Line
0-15 logical col = actual col
16 logical colour = RGB
17 first flash = RGB
18 second flash = RGB
24 Border colour = RGB
25 Pointer col = RGB
Add 128 to set supremacy bit.
Only top four bits of R,G and B, is used today, but if you want the colours to look the same on a future 24-bit VIDC, you should set bottom bits=top bits. DATA VDU 22
#Parent !Root
VDU 22,<mode=>22a>
This VDU is used to select screen mode.
To read which mode is currently set, use <OS_Byte 135=>OS:OS_Byte135>.
To read other info, use <OS_ReadModeVariable=>OS:OS_ReadModeVariable> or <OS_ReadVduVariables=>OS:OS_ReadVduVariables>.
DATA� Standard Modes:
#Parent 22
#F3=Corpus.Medium 12
#Tab Align Right, Align Right, Align Right, Align Right, Align Right, Align Left
Mode col � row pixx � pixy colours Memory Type
#Line
# Hmm. For some reason StrongHelp was *not* displaying more than one * in f3
# Leaning toothpick syndrome cures this :-)
0 80�32 640�256 2 20K {f3}\*\*\*\*-{f}
1 40�32 320�256 4 20K {f3}\*\*\*\*-{f}
2 20�32 160�256 16 40K {f3}\*\*\*\*-{f}
3 80�25 Text only 2 40K {f3}\*\*\*\*-{f}
4 40�32 320�256 2 20K {f3}\*\*\*\*-{f}
5 20�32 160�256 4 20K {f3}\*\*\*\*-{f}
6 40�25 Text only 2 20K {f3}\*\*\*\*-{f}
7 40�25 Teletext 16 80K {f3}\*\*\*\*-{f}
8 80�32 640�256 4 40K {f3}\*\*\*\*-{f}
9 40�32 320�256 16 40K {f3}\*\*\*\*-{f}
10 20�32 160�256 256 80K {f3}\*\*\*\*-{f}
11 80�25 640�250 4 40K {f3}\*\*\*\*-{f}
12 80�32 640�256 16 80K {f3}\*\*\*\*-{f}
13 40�32 320�256 256 80K {f3}\*\*\*\*-{f}
14 80�25 640�250 16 80K {f3}\*\*\*\*-{f}
15 80�32 640�256 256 160K {f3}\*\*\*\*-{f}
16 132�32 1056�256 16 132K {f3}\*\*---{f}
17 132�25 1056�250 16 132K {f3}\*\*---{f}
18 80�64 640�512 2 40K {f3}-\*---{f}
19 80�64 640�512 4 80K {f3}-\*---{f}
20 80�64 640�512 16 160K {f3}-\*---{f}
21 80�64 640�512 256 320K {f3}-\*---{f}
22 66�36 768�288 16 108K {f3}\*\*---{f}
23 144�56 1152�896 2 126K {f3}----\*{f}
24 132�25 1056�256 256 264K {f3}\*\*---{f}
25 80�50 640�480 2 37.5K {f3}-\*\*\*-{f}
26 80�50 640�480 4 75K {f3}-\*\*\*-{f}
27 80�50 640�480 16 150K {f3}-\*\*\*-{f}
28 80�50 640�480 256 300K {f3}-\*\*\*-{f}
29 100�75 800�600 2 58.6K {f3}-\*-\*-{f}
30 100�75 800�600 4 117.2K {f3}-\*-\*-{f}
31 100�75 800�600 16 234.4K {f3}-\*-\*-{f}
32
33 96�36 768�288 2 27K {f3}\*\*---{f}
34 96�36 768�288 4 54K {f3}\*\*---{f}
35 96�36 768�288 16 108K {f3}\*\*---{f}
36 96�36 768�288 256 216K {f3}\*\*---{f}
37 112�44 896�352 2 38.5K {f3}-\*---{f}
38 112�44 896�352 4 77K {f3}-\*---{f}
39 112�44 896�352 16 154K {f3}-\*---{f}
40 112�44 896�352 256 308K {f3}-\*---{f}
41 80�44 640�352 2 27.5K {f3}-\*\*\*-{f}
42 80�44 640�352 4 55K {f3}-\*\*\*-{f}
43 80�44 640�352 16 110K {f3}-\*\*\*-{f}
44 80�25 640�200 2 15.7K {f3}-\*\*\*-{f}
45 80�25 640�200 4 31.3K {f3}-\*\*\*-{f}
46 80�25 640�200 16 62.5K {f3}-\*\*\*-{f}
#Align Right
{f3}|||||{f}
'TV'-type monitor {f3}+||||{f}
Multisync monitor {f3}-+|||{f}
60 Hz VGA-type monitor {f3}--+||{f}
Super-VGA monitor {f3}---+|{f}
61.2 kHz high-res monochrome monitor {f3}----+{f}
#Align
DATA� VDU 23
#Parent !Root
VDU 23,<command=>23a>,nine parameters
Miscellaneous commands.
Though few of the commands use all of the nine parameters, they must always be present. In BASIC, you can use | to add eight zero bytes:
#tab Align right
VDU 23,0,10 |
=VDU 23,0,10,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
Any extra zero bytes remaining after the 9 bytes used by the VDU 23 command are ignored (<VDU 0=>0> is a no-op).
DATA� VDU 23,0
#Parent 23
VDU 23,0,action,mode,0,0,0,0,0,0
Set the interlace and control cursor appearance.
Action = 8 Set interlace:
Mode : 0 Set it to opposite of current *TV
1 Set it to current *TV
&80 Turn interlace off
&81 Turn interlace on
Action = 10 Set start line for cursor:
Mode : b0-4 Start line (0 is top)
b5-6 00 Steady
01 Off
02 Fast flash
03 Slow flash
Action = 11 End line for cursor = Mode
DATA� VDU 23,1
#Parent 23
VDU 23,1,mode,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
This VDU controls the appearance of the cursor:
0 Hide cursor
1 Show cursor
2 Steady cursor
3 Flashing corsor
The effect of this VDU is cancelled when cursor editing occurs. DATA� VDU 23,17,x
#Parent 23
0-3 <Set tint=>23,17,0>
4 <Choose colour-pattern type=>23,17,4>
5 Swap text foreground and background colour
6 <Set ECF origin=>23,17,6>
7 <Set char size and spacing=>23,17,7>
DATAs VDU 23,17,0-3
#Parent 23,17
This VDU is used to set the tint for a colour in a 256-colour mode:
#Wrap Off
VDU 23,17,0,tint,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 Text foreground
VDU 23,17,1,tint,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 Text background
VDU 23,17,2,tint,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 Graphics foreground
VDU 23,17,3,tint,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 Graphics background
#Wrap On
Tint is &00,&40,&80 or &C0 (uses only 2 top bits). DATA� VDU 23,17,4
#Parent 23,17
#Wrap Off
VDU 23,17,4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 : Use ancient pattern
VDU 23,17,4,1,0,0,0,0,0,0 : Use new & improved
#Wrap On
This VDU chooses which set of colour patterns are used to interpret subsequent <VDU 23,2-5=>23,2> calls. DATA� VDU 23,17,6
#Parent 23,17
23,17,6,x;y;0,0,0
This VDU sets the point with which to align the bottom left of the ECF pattern with.
You can also use <OS_SetECFOrigin=>OS:OS_SetECFOrigin>.
DATA VDU 23,17,7
#Parent 23,17
VDU 23,17,7,flags,x;y;
Bit Meaning if set
#Line
0 (unimplemented - was to set <VDU 4=>4> character size)
1 Set size of <VDU 5=>5> characters. (sizes 8�8 and 8�16 are fast, others slow)
2 Set spacing between <VDU 5=>5> characters.
DATA� VDU 23,2-5
#Parent 23a
VDU 23,{/}nr{/},eight colour bytes.
This VDU defines one of the ECF patterns; {/}nr{/} is 2-5 for pattern 1-4.
Each of the eight colour bytes define one row of the ECF pattern, and there are two modes: a BBC-mode, and an Archimedes mode.
To choose mode, use <VDU 23,17,4=>23,17,4>.
Bit 0-7 in each colour byte,is used as follows:
BPP BBC pixels Archimedes pixels
#Line
1 7,6,5,4,3,2,1,0 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
2 73,62,51,40 10,32,54,76
4 7531,6420 3210,7654
8 76543210 76543210
DATA+ VDU 23,6
#Parent 23
VDU 23,6, 8 pattern bytes
This VDU sets the dot-dash line style used by dotted <plot=>OS:OS_Plot> commands. The most significant bit is used first; the default is &AAAAAAAA. The length of the dash pattern used is set with <OS_Byte 163=>OS:OS_Byte163>, the default is 8.
DATA� VDU 23 commands:
#Parent !Root
0 <Set interlace & cursor appearance=>23,0>
1 <Control cursor appearance=>23,1>
2-5 <Define ECF pattern & colours=>23,2>
6 <Set dot-dash line style=>23,6>
7 <Scroll text window or screen=>23,7>
8 <Clear block of text window=>23,8>
9 <Set time for 1st flash colour=>23,9>
10 <Set time for 2nd flash colour=>23,10>
11 <Set default pattern=>23,11>
12-15 <Define simple ECF & colours=>23,12>
16 <Control cursor movement after print=>23,16>
17 <Miscellaneous operations=>23,17>
18-25,28-31 <Unknown VDU23 vector called=>OS:vector_ukvdu23v>
32-255 <Redefine a character=>23,32-255>
#Wrap
The current settings defined by 2-6 and 32-255 can be read with <OS_Word 10=>OS:OS_Word10>.
DATA� VDU 24
#Parent !Root
{ALIGN RIGHT}(rx,ty){ALIGN CENTRE}
Define graphics window:
VDU 24,lx;by;rx;ty;
Coordinates are relative to the current graphics origin and *inclusive*.
{ALIGN LEFT}(lx,by)
DATA� VDU 25
#Parent !Root
VDU 25,<command=>OS:OS_PlotIndex>,x;y;
This VDU executes a plot command. It is faster (and simpler) to use the SWI <OS_Plot=>OS:OS_Plot> directly.
DATA� VDU 28
#Parent !Root
{Align right}(rx,ty){align centre}
Define text window:
VDU 28,lx,by,rx,ty
{align left}(lx,by)
DATA� VDU 29
#Parent !Root
VDU 29,x;y;
This VDU defines where on screen 0,0 is. All graphics operations are relative to this point. Graphics window remains at same position on screen. DATAm VDU 31
#Parent !Root
VDU 31,{/}x{/},{/}y{/}
This VDU moves the text cursor to ({/}x{/},{/}y{/}). (0,0) is top left of current text window. If ({/}x{/},{/}y{/}) is outside text window, nothing happens, unless <scroll protection=>Scroll_Protection> is enabled and {/}x{/} = maxx+1 => cursor is moved to ({/}x{/}-1,{/}y{/}), and a pending newline is generated.
In <VDU 5=>5> mode the graphics cursor is moved to (x char spacing * {/}x{/}, y char spacing * {/}y{/}), which can result in the cursor being moved outside the graphics window.
Current text cursor position can be read with <OS_Byte 134=>OS:OS_Byte134>
DATAa VDU 23,32-255
#Parent 23
VDU 23,{/}m{/}, 8 bytes of row definitions
This VDU redefines character /m/ in the system font. The rows are given by the 8 bytes from top to bottom. The pattern for a character can be read with <OS_Word 10=>OS:OS_Word10>.
Note that although the delete character (\<127>) can be redefined, it still cannot be printed.
DATA VDU 14 / VDU 15
#Parent !Root
VDU 14
This VDU turns page mode on.
VDU 15
This VDU turns page mode off.
When page mode is turned on the VDU drivers will not scroll the screen until Shift is pressed. When shift is released the VDU drivers will scroll approximately 75% of the number of lines in the current window before waiting again. <OS_Byte 117=>OS:OS_Byte117> is used to determine whether paged mode is enabled, and the line count before scrolling is stopped can be read and set with <OS_Byte 217=>OS:OS_Byte217>.
DATA # redirection DATA� VDU 0
#Parent !Root
VDU 0 does nothing.
This allows BASIC's {fCode}|{f} to act as if it supplies the exact number of zero bytes to fill the remaining parameters of complex VDU commands ({/}e.g.{/} <VDU 23=>23>) - what actually happens is that {fCode}|{f} always supplies 8 zero bytes and any left over after the complex command are each treated as VDU 0 commands, and hence ignored.
DATA� VDU 1
#Parent !Root
VDU 1,{/}n{/}
VDU 1 sends the next byte to the printer stream only, provided that the printer stream has been enabled with <VDU 2=>2>. (Otherwise the next byte is ignored)
VDU 1 allows the printer ignore character (set with <OS_Byte 6=>OS:OS_Byte006>) and other characters not usually passed on by the VDU drivers to be sent to the printer via the VDU drivers.
DATA7 VDU 10
#Parent !Root
VDU 10 moves the cursor down one line
In <VDU 4=>4> mode this is the text cursor, in <VDU 5=>5> mode the graphics cursor. Motion is to positive Y (default is down, set by <VDU 23,16=>23,16>). If at the last line the screen is scrolled if scrolling is enabled (see also VDU 23,16).
DATA4 VDU 11
#Parent !Root
VDU 11 moves the cursor up one line
In <VDU 4=>4> mode this is the text cursor, in <VDU 5=>5> mode the graphics cursor. Motion is to negative Y (default is up, set by <VDU 23,16=>23,16>). If at the first line the screen is scrolled if scrolling is enabled (see also VDU 23,16).
DATA� VDU 12
#Parent !Root
VDU 12 clears the current window
In <VDU 4=>4> mode this is the text window to the text background colour, in <VDU 5=>5> mode the graphics window to the graphics background colour. The cursor is <homed=>30>.
DATA� VDU 13
#Parent !Root
VDU 13 moves the cursor to the start of the current line
In <VDU 4=>4> mode this is the text cursor, in <VDU 5=>5> mode the graphics cursor. Motion is to negative X (default is left, set by <VDU 23,16=>23,16>) at constant Y.
DATA� VDU 127
#Parent !Root
VDU 127 deletes the previous character.
Unless <VDU 23,16=>23,16> specifies no cursor motion after printing the cursor is moved back as if by <VDU 8=>8>. In <VDU 5=>5> mode the character position is solid filled with graphics background colour, in <VDU 4=>4> mode with text background colour ({/}i.e.{/} a space is printed, even if character 32 has been redefined).
DATA� VDU 16
#Parent !Root
VDU 16 clears the graphics window
The window is cleared to the graphics background colour using the background action. The graphics cursor position is unaffected. This is equivilent to BASIC's CLG.
DATA( VDU 2
#Parent !Root
VDU 2 enables the printer stream - characters in the range 8-13, 32-126 and 128-255 sent to the VDU drivers will also be sent to the printer device selected by <OS_Byte 5=>OS:OS_Byte005>. Multibyte VDU sequences are not sent to the printer (except for the argument of<VDU 1=>1>), and bytes are still sent to the printer stream when screen output is disabled with <VDU 21=>21>.
<VDU 3=>3> disables the printer stream, and <OS_Byte 117=>OS:OS_Byte117> can be used to read whether the printer stream is enabled.
<OS_Byte 3=>OS:OS_Byte003> can be used to disable the printer stream independently of VDU 2 and <3> - in the <output stream status=>OS:OS_Byte003state> bit 2 overrides VDU 2, and bit 6 must be clear for anything other than <VDU 1=>1> to send characters to the printer.
DATA VDU 20
#Parent !Root
VDU 20 restores the palette for the current mode.
The text and graphics foreground is white, background black. Graphics foreground and background actions are 0 (overwrite). In 256 colour modes foreground tint is &C0, background 0.
DATAk VDU 21
#Parent !Root
VDU 21 disables screen output. It is reversed with <VDU 6=>6>, and the state can be read with <OS_Byte 117=>OS:OS_Byte117>.
Characters are still sent to the printer (if it has been enabled with <VDU 2=>2>) and any other ouput devices enabled with <OS_Byte 3=>OS:OS_Byte003>. Multibyte VDU sequences are still passed as usual (but then ignored if they affect the screen) - hence sending {fCode}22{f}, {fCode}6{f} while the screen ouput is disabled will neither change the mode (<VDU 22=>22>) nor enable screen output (the {fCode}6{f} byte is parsed as the parameter to the ignored VDU 22).
DATA2 VDU 23,10
#Parent 23a
VDU 23,10,duration,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
This VDU sets the duration of the second flash colour (in video frames), and is equivalent to <OS_Byte 10=>OS:OS_Byte010>. The duration can be read with <OS_Byte 194=>OS:OS_Byte194>. A duration of 0 means display the first colour constantly.
DATA� VDU 23,11
#Parent 23a
VDU 23,11,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
This VDU sets Master 128 compatible pattern mode, and resets the colour patterns to the <mode defaults=>ecf_default>.
DATA� VDU 23,12-15
#Parent 23a
VDU 23,{/}nr{/},{/}n1{/},{/}n2{/},{/}n3{/},{/}n4{/},{/}n5{/},{/}n6{/},{/}n7{/},{/}n8{/}
This VDU defines one of the ECF patterns; {/}nr{/} is 12-15 for pattern 1-4.
For 2,4 and 16 colour modes this defines the patterns as a repeated 2 � 4 block of pixels with the given logical colours:
{/}n1{/} {/}n2{/}
{/}n3{/} {/}n4{/}
{/}n5{/} {/}n6{/}
{/}n7{/} {/}n8{/}
In 256 colour modes the parameters define the eight rows.
DATA VDU 23,16
#Parent 23a
VDU 23,16,{/}x{/},{/}y{/},0,0,0,0,0,0
This VDU controls the movement of the cursor after printing. The value of the control byte is altered by
new value = (old value AND {/}y{/}) EOR {/}x{/}
The bits in the value are interpreted as follows
bit effect when set
#Line
7 undefined (normal is unset)
6 in <VDU 5=>5> mode cursor movement beyond the window edge does not generate newlines
5 cursor does not move after characters are printed (normal action is to move in positive X direction)
4 cursor movement in Y direction out of window results in cursor being "wrapped round" to opposite side (normal action in <VDU 4=>4> mode is to scroll, <VDU 5=>5> to wrap)
3 X direction is vertical, Y is horizontal (normal is Y vertical)
2 Positive vertical direction is down (normal is up)
1 Positive horizontal direction is right (normal is left)
0 <scroll protection=>Scroll_Protection> enabled (normal is disabled, but desktop sets bit 0 and {*}enables scroll protection{*})
# Much tears before bedtime, that one.
DATA� VDU 23,7
#Parent 23a
VDU 23,7,extent,<direction=>.direction>,movement,0,0,0,0,0
This VDU scrolls the current text window or whole screen:
extent effect
#Line
0 scroll text window
1 scroll whole screen
#tab
movement effect
#line
0 scroll by one character cell
1 scroll by one character cell vertically, <one byte=>.byte> horizontally
#Subpage byte
VDU 23,7 1 byte horizontal motion
Number of colours Pixels moved
#Line
2 8
4 4
16 2
256 1
# and for the other 2?
#Subpage direction
VDU 23,7 directions
value scroll direction
#Line
0 right
1 left
2 down
3 up
4 positive X direction
5 negative X direction
6 positive Y direction
7 negative Y direction
X and Y directions are controlled with <VDU 23,16=>23,16>.
DATA: VDU 23,8
#Parent 23a
VDU 23,8,base_start,base_end,{/}x1{/},{/}y1{/},{/}x2{/},{/}y2{/},0,0
This VDU clears a block of the text window to the text background colour. The block is defined in terms of offsets {/}x1{/},{/}y1{/} and {/}x2{/},{/}y2{/} given from base positions:
#Wrap off
Value Meaning Value Meaning Value Meaning
#Line
0 window top left 1 cursor column top 2 window off top right
4 cursor line left 5 cursor postion 6 cursor line off right
8 window bottom left 9 cursor column bottom 10 window off bottom right
#wrap
(where "off" is one char beyond in the positive X direction)
(see <VDU 23,16=>23,16> to change X and Y directions, and sense of positive)
The result is undefined if and base + offset is outside the range -128,127. If the end point lies before the start point no clearing occurs.
DATA. VDU 23,9
#Parent 23a
VDU 23,9,duration,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
This VDU sets the duration of the first flash colour (in video frames), and is equivalent to <OS_Byte 9=>OS:OS_Byte009>. The duration can be read with <OS_Byte 195=>OS:OS_Byte195>. A duration of 0 means display the first colour constantly.
DATA" VDU 26
#Parent !Root
VDU 26 restores the default windows.
The text and graphics windows both return to default (full screen), the graphics origin is reset to 0,0, the graphics cursor moved to 0,0 and the text cursor <homed=>30>. Hardware scrolling of the text window is initiated.
DATAR VDU 27
#Parent !Root
VDU 27 does nothing.
# See also unary + in perl. :-)
DATA� VDU 3
#Parent !Root
VDU 3 disables the printer stream.
<VDU 2=>2> is used to enable the printer stream, and <OS_Byte 117=>OS:OS_Byte117> can be used to read whether the printer stream is enabled.
DATA� ECF pattern defaults
#Parent 23,11
Mode 0:
1 Red Orange 2 Orange 3 Yel-Orange 4 Cream
{fCode}11001100{f} {fCode}11110000{f} {fCode}11111111{f} {fCode}00000011{f}
{fCode}00000000{f} {fCode}00001111{f} {fCode}00110011{f} {fCode}00001100{f}
{fCode}11001100{f} {fCode}11110000{f} {fCode}11111111{f} {fCode}00000011{f}
{fCode}00000000{f} {fCode}00110011{f} {fCode}01010101{f} {fCode}10001000{f}
Other 2 colour modes:
1 Dark Grey 2 Grey 3 Light Grey 4 Hatching
{fCode}10101010{f} {fCode}11001100{f} {fCode}11111111{f} {fCode}00010001{f}
{fCode}00000000{f} {fCode}00110011{f} {fCode}01010101{f} {fCode}00100010{f}
{fCode}10101010{f} {fCode}11001100{f} {fCode}11111111{f} {fCode}01000100{f}
{fCode}00000000{f} {fCode}00110011{f} {fCode}01010101{f} {fCode}10001000{f}
4 colour modes:
1 Red Orange 2 Orange 3 Yel-Orange 4 Cream
{fCode}2121{f} {fCode}2121{f} {fCode}2222{f} {fCode}2323{f}
{fCode}1111{f} {fCode}1212{f} {fCode}1212{f} {fCode}3232{f}
16 colour modes:
1 Orange 2 Pink 3 Yel-Green 4 Cream
{fCode}21{f} {fCode}61{f} {fCode}32{f} {fCode}37{f}
{fCode}12{f} {fCode}16{f} {fCode}23{f} {fCode}73{f}
256 colour modes:
#tab
1 Grey 2 Slate 3 Green 4 Pink
{fCode}3F{f} {fCode}00{f} {fCode}0{f} {fCode}C0{f} {fCode}4{f} {fCode}C0{f} {fCode}3B{f} {fCode}C0{f}
{fCode}40{f} {fCode}80{f} {fCode}80{f} {fCode}40{f}
{fCode}80{f} {fCode}40{f} {fCode}40{f} {fCode}80{f}
{fCode}C0{f} {fCode}00{f} {fCode}00{f} {fCode}C0{f}
Repeat rows shown 2 or 4 times as necessary.
DATA/ Scroll protection
#Parent 23,16
Normally in <VDU 4=>4> mode, printing a character at the end of the line immediately moves the cursor to the negative edge of the text window and down one line in the positive X direction.
With scroll protection enabled this cursor movement is deferred - a "pending newline" is generated, which is only executed just before the next character is printed, *providing* that it has not been deleted by an intervening VDU command. For example, <VDU 127=>127> received during pending newline would cause the pending newline to be deleted, whereas <VDU 9=>9> would execute it.
The upshot of being unaware of the state of scroll protection is that the cursor isn't always on the line that you expect it to be on, which can play havoc with some cursor movement commands ({/}e.g.{/} <carriage return=>13>).
Scroll protection is enabled/disabled with <VDU 23,16=>23,16> - there is no way to read the current state.
# Silly omission
Note: The default state of scroll protection is off, but the desktop turns it *on* as soon as it is run.
DATA� VDU 30
#Parent !Root
VDU 30 moves the cursor to its home position.
The home position is usually the top left of the window, but this may be altered with <VDU 23,16=>23,16>.
In <VDU 4=>4> mode the text cursor is homed, in <VDU 5=>5> mode the graphics cursor. The actual location of the graphics mode home position may be up to (char size - 1) pixels out from the corner in one or both axes depending on the direction of character printing.
DATAX VDU 4
#Parent !Root
VDU 4 splits the text and graphics cursors. This is known as VDU 4 mode, and is the default VDU driver state.
The text and graphics cursors are joined with <VDU 5=>5>.
In VDU 4 mode text is printed at the current text cursor position with the current text foreground and background colours. By default, after each character is plotted the text cursor is moved in the positive X direction (default right), moving to the left of a new row when the right side of the text window is reached, scrolling when the "bottom" is reached. All of this can be altered with <VDU 23,16=>23,16>. The text cursor is normally displayed (unless it is disabled with <VDU 23,1=>23,1>.)
<OS_Byte 117=>OS:OS_Byte117> can be used to find out whether the cursors are split or joined.
VDU 4 mode is faster than VDU 5 mode, and allows cursor editing.
DATA VDU 5
#Parent !Root
VDU 5 joins the text and graphics cursors. This is known as VDU 5 mode.
The text and graphics cursors are split with <VDU 4=>4>. VDU 4 mode is the default VDU driver state.
In VDU 5 mode text is printed at the current graphics cursor position with the current graphics foreground colour and action - background pixels in the character shape are not plotted. By default, after each character is plotted the graphics cursor is moved in the positive X direction (default right), moving to the left of a new row when the right side of the graphics window is reached, the cursor wrapping to the diagonally opposite (default top left) corner when the "bottom" is reached. All of this can be altered with <VDU 23,16=>23,16>. Text position is not restricted to character cell positions, and text size and spacing can be altered with <VDU 23,17,7=>23,17,7>.
<OS_Byte 117=>OS:OS_Byte117> can be used to find out whether the cursors are split or joined.
VDU 5 mode is slower than VDU 4 mode, and does not allow cursor editing.
DATA� VDU 6
#Parent !Root
VDU 6 enables screen output, reversing the effect of <VDU 21=>21>. <OS_Byte 117=>OS:OS_Byte117> can be used to read whether screen output is disabled.
DATA� VDU 7
#Parent !Root
VDU 7 sounds the bell
Bell sound parameters are set with OS_Byte <211=>OS:OS_Byte211>, <212=>OS:OS_Byte212>, <213=>OS:OS_Byte213> and <214=>OS:OS_Byte214>.
DATA� VDU 8
#Parent !Root
VDU 8 backspaces the cursor
In <VDU 4=>4> mode this is the text cursor, in <VDU 5=>5> mode the graphics cursor. Backspace moves to negative X (default is left, set by <VDU 23,16=>23,16>). If at the start of a row (column with <vertical printing=>23,16>) it moves to the end of the previous row (or column) scrolling the screen where necessary.
Backspace does not delete the previous character.
DATA� VDU 9
#Parent !Root
VDU 9 advances the cursor
In <VDU 4=>4> mode this is the text cursor, in <VDU 5=>5> mode the graphics cursor. Motion is to positive X (default is right, set by <VDU 23,16=>23,16>). If at the end of a row (column with <vertical printing=>23,16>) it moves to the end of the next row (or column) scrolling the screen <where necessary=>Scroll_Protection>.
The cursor is advanced 1 character width, not to the next tab column.
DATA' VDU commands manual
#Align Centre
{fh3}VDU commands manual{f}
#Line
#Align Left
This manual is part of a collection comprising the main public domain programming reference. The other manuals in the series are :
#Indent 2
#Postfix :!Root
<OS> The base operating system stuff
<Wimp> The desktop part of the operating system
<InetSWIs> Internet based SWIs
<InetSocket> Internet socket calls
<MiscSWIs> Miscellaneous SWIs
<VDU> VDU commands
<Toolbox> Toolbox (by Niel Bingham)
#Indent
For comments, suggestions and submissions for these, please mail Justin Fletcher <\<gerph@innocent.com\>=>#URL mailto:gerph@innocent.com> who is currently moderating the collection. The primary location for these manuals will be <http://freenet.barnet.ac.uk/manuals/=>#URL http://freenet.barnet.ac.uk/manuals/>.
Click <here=>.hist200> for some history.
#Subpage hist100
VDU History v1.00
� Original version by Guttorm Vik (many thanks!)
<Next=>.hist200>
#Subpage hist200
VDU History v2.00
#align right
{/}22 Mar 1998{/}
� Submissions from various people added.
� Changes to the formatting and links - now links via description rather than number, giving a bigger area to 'hit'
� Nick Clark's done everything.
� That's all folks, I can't imagine much more will happen with the VDU manual !
#Tab
<Previous history=>.hist100>
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00000100 20 12 00 00 48 fd ff ff 90 b6 f5 1d 18 01 00 00 | ...H...........|
00000110 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 32 32 00 00 38 13 00 00 |........22..8...|
00000120 48 fd ff ff 02 51 19 1e a6 09 00 00 13 00 00 00 |H....Q..........|
00000130 00 00 00 00 32 32 61 00 e0 1c 00 00 48 fd ff ff |....22a.....H...|
00000140 cf 21 45 21 93 01 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.!E!............|
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00000160 c6 01 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 32 33 2c 30 |............23,0|
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00000190 00 00 00 00 2c 21 00 00 48 fd ff ff fb 0b 5c 1b |....,!..H.....\.|
000001a0 cf 00 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 32 33 2c 31 |............23,1|
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00000200 c3 00 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 32 33 2c 31 |............23,1|
00000210 37 2c 36 00 34 25 00 00 48 fd ff ff 04 ed 3e 21 |7,6.4%..H.....>!|
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00000230 37 2c 37 00 40 26 00 00 48 fd ff ff 27 e5 39 21 |7,7.@&..H...'.9!|
00000240 fa 01 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 32 33 2c 32 |............23,2|
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00000270 00 00 00 00 68 29 00 00 48 fd ff ff 52 ad 44 21 |....h)..H...R.D!|
00000280 d7 02 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 32 33 61 00 |............23a.|
00000290 40 2c 00 00 48 fd ff ff 39 f9 36 21 d4 00 00 00 |@,..H...9.6!....|
000002a0 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 32 34 00 00 14 2d 00 00 |........24...-..|
000002b0 48 fd ff ff af 31 5c 1b b0 00 00 00 13 00 00 00 |H....1\.........|
000002c0 00 00 00 00 32 35 00 00 c4 2d 00 00 48 fd ff ff |....25...-..H...|
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00000350 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 31 34 00 00 e8 34 00 00 |........14...4..|
00000360 48 fd ff ff 06 08 d4 15 15 00 00 00 33 00 00 00 |H...........3...|
00000370 00 00 00 00 31 35 3e 31 34 00 00 00 00 35 00 00 |....15>14....5..|
00000380 48 fd ff ff 95 45 16 21 88 01 00 00 13 00 00 00 |H....E.!........|
00000390 00 00 00 00 30 00 00 00 88 36 00 00 48 fd ff ff |....0....6..H...|
000003a0 b8 33 19 21 87 01 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.3.!............|
000003b0 31 00 00 00 10 38 00 00 48 fd ff ff 36 aa 2d 21 |1....8..H...6.-!|
000003c0 37 01 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 31 30 00 00 |7...........10..|
000003d0 48 39 00 00 48 fd ff ff 0a b8 2d 21 34 01 00 00 |H9..H.....-!4...|
000003e0 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 31 31 00 00 7c 3a 00 00 |........11..|:..|
000003f0 48 fd ff ff 4f f3 3d 21 ee 00 00 00 13 00 00 00 |H...O.=!........|
00000400 00 00 00 00 31 32 00 00 6c 3b 00 00 48 fd ff ff |....12..l;..H...|
00000410 75 d4 3d 21 ff 00 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |u.=!............|
00000420 31 33 00 00 6c 3c 00 00 48 fd ff ff 6f ef 2b 21 |13..l<..H...o.+!|
00000430 8d 01 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 31 32 37 00 |............127.|
00000440 fc 3d 00 00 48 fd ff ff 66 f5 d4 27 e4 00 00 00 |.=..H...f..'....|
00000450 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 31 36 00 00 e0 3e 00 00 |........16...>..|
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00000470 00 00 00 00 32 00 00 00 08 42 00 00 48 fd ff ff |....2....B..H...|
00000480 af ae 3d 21 05 01 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |..=!............|
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000004a0 6b 02 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 32 31 00 00 |k...........21..|
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000004c0 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 32 33 2c 31 30 00 00 00 |........23,10...|
000004d0 b0 46 00 00 48 fd ff ff af 91 3a 21 af 00 00 00 |.F..H.....:!....|
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00000530 3c 4d 00 00 48 fd ff ff f9 08 29 21 d8 02 00 00 |<M..H.....)!....|
00000540 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 32 33 2c 37 00 00 00 00 |........23,7....|
00000550 14 50 00 00 48 fd ff ff 58 45 3d 21 3a 03 00 00 |.P..H...XE=!:...|
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00000570 50 53 00 00 48 fd ff ff 1f 3c 0b 1d 2e 01 00 00 |PS..H....<......|
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00000590 80 54 00 00 48 fd ff ff 2a 01 38 21 22 01 00 00 |.T..H...*.8!"...|
000005a0 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 32 36 00 00 a4 55 00 00 |........26...U..|
000005b0 48 fd ff ff 43 a1 16 21 52 00 00 00 13 00 00 00 |H...C..!R.......|
000005c0 00 00 00 00 32 37 00 00 f8 55 00 00 48 fd ff ff |....27...U..H...|
000005d0 7d df 18 21 cd 00 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |}..!............|
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000005f0 f6 05 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 45 43 46 5f |............ECF_|
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00000610 de 95 40 21 2f 04 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |..@!/...........|
00000620 53 63 72 6f 6c 6c 5f 50 72 6f 74 65 63 74 69 6f |Scroll_Protectio|
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00000640 c1 01 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 33 30 00 00 |............30..|
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00000680 00 00 00 00 35 00 00 00 24 6a 00 00 48 fd ff ff |....5...$j..H...|
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000006b0 b9 00 00 00 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 37 00 00 00 |............7...|
000006c0 94 6b 00 00 48 fd ff ff c0 60 2c 21 a8 01 00 00 |.k..H....`,!....|
000006d0 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 38 00 00 00 3c 6d 00 00 |........8...<m..|
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000006f0 00 00 00 00 39 00 00 00 00 6f 00 00 48 fd ff ff |....9....o..H...|
00000700 0c 45 80 2b 27 05 00 00 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.E.+'...........|
00000710 61 62 6f 75 74 00 00 00 44 41 54 41 71 05 00 00 |about...DATAq...|
00000720 56 44 55 20 63 6f 64 65 73 0a 23 50 61 72 65 6e |VDU codes.#Paren|
00000730 74 20 53 74 72 6f 6e 67 48 65 6c 70 3a 21 4d 65 |t StrongHelp:!Me|
00000740 6e 75 0a 30 09 3c 4e 75 6c 6c 20 4f 70 65 72 61 |nu.0.<Null Opera|
00000750 74 69 6f 6e 3d 3e 30 3e 09 09 09 09 20 09 09 31 |tion=>0>.... ..1|
00000760 36 09 3c 43 6c 65 61 72 20 67 72 61 70 68 69 63 |6.<Clear graphic|
00000770 73 20 77 69 6e 64 6f 77 3d 3e 31 36 3e 0a 31 09 |s window=>16>.1.|
00000780 3c 53 65 6e 64 20 6e 65 78 74 20 63 68 61 72 20 |<Send next char |
00000790 74 6f 20 70 72 69 6e 74 65 72 3d 3e 31 3e 09 09 |to printer=>1>..|
000007a0 09 20 09 09 31 37 09 3c 53 65 74 20 74 65 78 74 |. ..17.<Set text|
000007b0 20 63 6f 6c 6f 75 72 3d 3e 31 37 3e 0a 32 09 3c | colour=>17>.2.<|
000007c0 45 6e 61 62 6c 65 20 70 72 69 6e 74 65 72 3d 3e |Enable printer=>|
000007d0 32 3e 09 09 09 09 20 09 09 31 38 09 3c 53 65 74 |2>.... ..18.<Set|
000007e0 20 67 72 61 70 68 69 63 73 20 63 6f 6c 6f 75 72 | graphics colour|
000007f0 20 61 6e 64 20 61 63 74 69 6f 6e 3d 3e 31 38 3e | and action=>18>|
00000800 0a 33 09 3c 44 69 73 61 62 6c 65 20 70 72 69 6e |.3.<Disable prin|
00000810 74 65 72 3d 3e 33 3e 09 09 09 09 20 09 09 31 39 |ter=>3>.... ..19|
00000820 09 3c 53 65 74 20 70 61 6c 65 74 74 65 3d 3e 31 |.<Set palette=>1|
00000830 39 3e 0a 34 09 3c 53 70 6c 69 74 20 74 65 78 74 |9>.4.<Split text|
00000840 2c 67 72 61 70 68 69 63 73 20 63 75 72 73 6f 72 |,graphics cursor|
00000850 73 3d 3e 34 3e 09 09 20 09 09 32 30 09 3c 52 65 |s=>4>.. ..20.<Re|
00000860 73 74 6f 72 65 20 64 65 66 61 75 6c 74 20 63 6f |store default co|
00000870 6c 6f 75 72 73 3d 3e 32 30 3e 0a 35 09 3c 4a 6f |lours=>20>.5.<Jo|
00000880 69 6e 20 74 65 78 74 2c 67 72 61 70 68 69 63 73 |in text,graphics|
00000890 20 63 75 72 73 6f 72 73 3d 3e 35 3e 09 09 09 20 | cursors=>5>... |
000008a0 09 09 32 31 09 3c 44 69 73 61 62 6c 65 20 73 63 |..21.<Disable sc|
000008b0 72 65 65 6e 20 6f 75 74 70 75 74 3d 3e 32 31 3e |reen output=>21>|
000008c0 0a 36 09 3c 45 6e 61 62 6c 65 20 73 63 72 65 65 |.6.<Enable scree|
000008d0 6e 20 6f 75 74 70 75 74 3d 3e 36 3e 09 09 09 20 |n output=>6>... |
000008e0 09 09 32 32 09 3c 43 68 61 6e 67 65 20 53 63 72 |..22.<Change Scr|
000008f0 65 65 6e 20 4d 6f 64 65 3d 3e 32 32 3e 0a 37 09 |een Mode=>22>.7.|
00000900 3c 42 65 6c 6c 3d 3e 37 3e 09 09 09 09 09 20 09 |<Bell=>7>..... .|
00000910 09 32 33 09 3c 4d 69 73 63 3d 3e 32 33 3e 0a 38 |.23.<Misc=>23>.8|
00000920 09 3c 42 61 63 6b 20 73 70 61 63 65 3d 3e 38 3e |.<Back space=>8>|
00000930 09 09 09 09 09 28 6d 6f 76 65 20 6c 65 66 74 29 |.....(move left)|
00000940 09 32 34 09 3c 44 65 66 69 6e 65 20 67 72 61 70 |.24.<Define grap|
00000950 68 69 63 73 20 77 69 6e 64 6f 77 3d 3e 32 34 3e |hics window=>24>|
00000960 0a 39 09 3c 48 6f 72 69 7a 6f 6e 74 61 6c 20 74 |.9.<Horizontal t|
00000970 61 62 3d 3e 39 3e 09 09 09 09 28 6d 6f 76 65 20 |ab=>9>....(move |
00000980 72 69 67 68 74 29 20 20 20 09 32 35 09 3c 50 6c |right) .25.<Pl|
00000990 6f 74 3d 3e 32 35 3e 0a 31 30 09 3c 4c 69 6e 65 |ot=>25>.10.<Line|
000009a0 20 66 65 65 64 3d 3e 31 30 3e 09 09 09 09 09 28 | feed=>10>.....(|
000009b0 6d 6f 76 65 20 64 6f 77 6e 29 09 32 36 09 3c 52 |move down).26.<R|
000009c0 65 73 74 6f 72 65 20 64 65 66 61 75 6c 74 20 77 |estore default w|
000009d0 69 6e 64 6f 77 73 3d 3e 32 36 3e 0a 31 31 09 3c |indows=>26>.11.<|
000009e0 56 65 72 74 69 63 61 6c 20 74 61 62 3d 3e 31 31 |Vertical tab=>11|
000009f0 3e 09 09 09 09 28 6d 6f 76 65 20 75 70 29 09 32 |>....(move up).2|
00000a00 37 09 3c 4e 75 6c 6c 20 4f 70 65 72 61 74 69 6f |7.<Null Operatio|
00000a10 6e 3d 3e 32 37 3e 0a 31 32 09 3c 46 6f 72 6d 20 |n=>27>.12.<Form |
00000a20 66 65 65 64 2f 63 6c 65 61 72 20 73 63 72 65 65 |feed/clear scree|
00000a30 6e 3d 3e 31 32 3e 09 09 09 20 09 09 32 38 09 3c |n=>12>... ..28.<|
00000a40 44 65 66 69 6e 65 20 74 65 78 74 20 77 69 6e 64 |Define text wind|
00000a50 6f 77 3d 3e 32 38 3e 0a 31 33 09 3c 43 61 72 72 |ow=>28>.13.<Carr|
00000a60 69 61 67 65 20 72 65 74 75 72 6e 3d 3e 31 33 3e |iage return=>13>|
00000a70 09 09 09 09 20 09 09 32 39 09 3c 53 65 74 20 67 |.... ..29.<Set g|
00000a80 72 61 70 68 69 63 73 20 6f 72 69 67 69 6e 3d 3e |raphics origin=>|
00000a90 32 39 3e 0a 31 34 09 3c 50 61 67 65 20 6d 6f 64 |29>.14.<Page mod|
00000aa0 65 20 6f 6e 3d 3e 31 34 3e 09 09 09 09 20 09 09 |e on=>14>.... ..|
00000ab0 33 30 09 3c 48 6f 6d 65 3d 3e 33 30 3e 0a 31 35 |30.<Home=>30>.15|
00000ac0 09 3c 50 61 67 65 20 6d 6f 64 65 20 6f 66 66 3d |.<Page mode off=|
00000ad0 3e 31 34 3e 09 09 09 09 20 09 09 33 31 09 3c 50 |>14>.... ..31.<P|
00000ae0 6f 73 69 74 69 6f 6e 20 74 65 78 74 20 63 75 72 |osition text cur|
00000af0 73 6f 72 3d 3e 33 31 3e 0a 31 32 37 09 3c 44 65 |sor=>31>.127.<De|
00000b00 6c 65 74 65 3d 3e 31 32 37 3e 0a 0a 23 54 61 62 |lete=>127>..#Tab|
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