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08-10-88/T\SPK01
This website contains an archive of files for the Acorn Electron, BBC Micro, Acorn Archimedes, Commodore 16 and Commodore 64 computers, which Dominic Ford has rescued from his private collection of floppy disks and cassettes.
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| Tape/disk: | Home » CEEFAX disks » telesoftware10.adl |
| Filename: | 08-10-88/T\SPK01 |
| Read OK: | ✔ |
| File size: | 5A55 bytes |
| Load address: | 0000 |
| Exec address: | FFFFFFFF |
File contents
The Acorn Speech System - by - Gordon Horsington
----------------------------------------------------
Module 1. The Speech Synthesiser Commands.
------------------------------------------
The Acorn speech system can be programmed using the SOUND command from
BASIC and Osword &07 from both BASIC and Assembly language. These
techniques are explained in detail in the Speech System User Guide. They
are easy to understand and I will assume that you are familiar with them
when they are used in this series.
This series will be concerned with programming the speech processor as
another processor fitted inside the BBC B which is controlled by the BBC's
CPU. The Texas Instruments TMS 5220 speech synthesiser is a processor in
its own right and it can be programmed by the computer's CPU and left to
get on with the speech synthesis. The TMS 5220 has two input and two
output registers and responds to a set of eight commands.
The TMS 5220 registers are described in detail on pages 19 and 20 of the
Speech System User Guide. Briefly the input registers are a command
register and a 16 byte FIFO register. The output registers are a data
register and a status register. Another register of interest is the 14 bit
word PHROM address register. All these registers will be used when
programming the TMS 5220 and you should read pages 18 to 22 of the User
Guide if you need more information about them.
The eight commands recognised by the TMS 5220 can be sent to the speech
processor using Osbyte &9F. Once a command is sent, the speech processor
executes the command independantly of the CPU. The eight commands are
shown in figure 1.
Command Code | Operation
Binary Hex. |
-------------------------+---------------------
x000xxxx &00 | Nop
x001xxxx &10 | Read Byte
x010xxxx &20 | Nop
x011xxxx &30 | Read and Branch
x100aaaa &4a | Load Address
x101xxxx &50 | Speak
x110xxxx &60 | Speak External
x111xxxx &70 | Reset
x = doesn't matter
a = address
Figure 1. The TMS 5220 command set
----------------------------------
These commands are sent to the speech processor using Osbyte &9F with a
command, or data, in the Y register. On return from Osbyte &9F the A, X
and Y registers are preserved but the carry flag is undefined.
Osbyte &9E is used to read data from a word PHROM or to read the status
register of the speech processor. The result is returned in the Y
register. In order to read data from a word PHROM a Read Byte command must
have been sent to the speech processor using Osbyte &9F. If this command
has not been sent then a copy of the status regiser is returned from
Osbyte &9E. On return from Osbyte &9E the A and X registers are preserved
but the carry flag is undefined.
Each command will now be considered in detail and an example of how each
one can be used will be given.
---
NOP
---
Osbyte &9F with Y = &20 or Y = &00
The NOP command is the Speech Processor's equivalent of the Assembly
language NOP dummy instruction and it does nothing. Because it does
nothing it is a suitable pad character to include in lists of commands to
be sent to the speech processor.
LDA #&9F \ write to speech processor
LDY #&20 \ Nop command
JSR &FFF4 \ JSR osbyte
-----
Reset
-----
Osbyte &9F with Y = &70
*FX 159,0,112
The Reset command allows the CPU to immediately halt a Speak command and
put the speech processor into a known state. Reset will not halt a Speak
External command because the &70 in the Y register is then taken as data
rather than a command. The main use for this command will be to "chop up"
the words available in a word PHROM. In this way the word "Acorn" can be
made to sound like "ache" or "a-". This method of producing an extended
vocabulary will be covered in detail in module 6.
LDA #&9F \ write to speech processor
LDY #&70 \ Reset command
JSR &FFF4 \ JSR osbyte
------------
Load Address
------------
Osbyte &9F with Y = &4n, where n = &0 to &F
The Load Address command is used to alter the address register of a word
PHROM. This command has to be sent to the speech processor five times to
alter the 14 bit word PHROM address register. The 14 bits are sent a
nybble at a time with the least significant nybble first, the most
significant nybble last, and followed by a null nybble. Each nybble has to
be ORed with #&40, the Load Address command, to create a byte which is
loaded into the Y register and then Osbyte &9F is used to write the
command to the speech processor. The word PHROM number, usually &0F in the
Acorn system, is also sent with the Load Address command by ORing the most
significant two bits of the word PHROM number (%1100 = &0C) with the
fourth byte and ORing the least significant two bits of the word PHROM
number (%0011 = &03) with the fifth byte.
This rather complicated method of writing to the word PHROM address
register is best illustrated with some examples. Let us suppose that the
address &1234 is to be written into the address register for word PHROM A.
All the examples will use word PHROM A because this is the only one
commonly available. The number &0F has been assigned to word PHROM A.
First the order of the nybbles has to be reversed and a null fifth nybble
added onto the end. The four nybbles 1 2 3 4 are reordered into 4 3 2 1 0
(with the null nybble added onto the end). Each nybble has to be ORed with
&40. The five nybbles are transformed into the five bytes &44 &43 &42 &41
and &40. The fourth byte has to be ORed with the two most significant bits
(%1100) of the word PHROM number. &41 OR &0C = &4D. The fifth byte has to
be ORed with the two least significant bits (%0011) of the word PHROM
number. &40 OR &03 = &43. The address &1234 is transformed into the five
bytes &44 &43 &42 &4D &43, each of which will need to be loaded into the Y
register and sent to the speech processor using Osbyte &9F.
The following code could be used to write the address &1234 into the
address register for word PHROM A.
LDA #&9F \ Osbyte &9F, write to speech processor
LDY #&44 \ least significant nybble OR #&40
JSR &FFF4 \ JSR osbyte
LDY #&43
JSR &FFF4
LDY #&42
JSR &FFF4
LDY #&4D \ most significant nybble OR #&4C
JSR &FFF4
LDY #&43 \ last byte always #&43 with word PHROM A
JSR &FFF4
The load address command has to be used five times even if less than four
nybbles are used to specify an address. If, for example, the address &42
is to be loaded into the address register it must still undergo the same
transformation into five bytes. &0042 is reversed and a null nybble is
added onto the end to give 2 4 0 0 0. Each nybble is ORed with &40 to form
the five bytes &42 &44 &40 &40 &40. The fourth byte is ORed with &0C and
the fifth byte is ORed with &03 to specify word PHROM A (number &0F). The
bytes &42 &44 &40 &4C &43 can then be sent to the speech processor using
Osbyte &9F five times to load the address register with &42.
It should be clear from these examples that, when using word PHROM A
(number &0F), the fifth byte will always be &43. Because the word PHROM
addresses 16k bytes of memory the most significant nybble of the address
will always be either 0, 1, 2 or 3 which, when ORed with &4C, will always
result in the fourth byte being either &4C, &4D, &4E or &4F.
The transformation of the address into the relevant five bytes and writing
the bytes into the address register can be done with subroutine such as
the one shown below. The subroutine labeled 'address' is called with the
least significant byte of the word PHROM address in the X register and the
most significant byte in the Y register.
LDX #addr MOD 256 \ addr = 14 bit address for word PHROM
LDY #addr DIV 256 \ address register
JSR address \ write address into PHROM address register
RTS \ return to BASIC
.address
TYA
PHA \ save the MSB of word PHROM address by
PHA \ pushing it on the stack twice
TXA \ the least significant nybble is in the X register
AND #&F \ isolate the least significant nybble
ORA #&40 \ OR it with #&40
JSR write \ and write it to the speech processor
TXA \ the next nybble is also in the X register
AND #&F0 \ isolate the second nybble
LSR A \ shift right by four bits
LSR A \ to move it into the first four bits
LSR A
LSR A
ORA #&40 \ OR the second nybble with #&40
JSR write \ and write it to the speech processor
PLA \ the third and fourth nybbles are on the stack
AND #&F \ isolate the third nybble
ORA #&40 \ OR it with #&40
JSR write \ and write it to the speech processor
PLA \ the fourth nybble is also on the stack
AND #&F0 \ isolate the fourth nybble
LSR A \ shift right by four bits
LSR A \ to move it into the first four bits
LSR A
LSR A
ORA #&4C \ OR the most significant nybble with #&4C
JSR write \ and write it to the speech processor
LDA #&43 \ last byte always &43 with PHROM &0F
.write
TAY \ command from A to Y
LDA #&9F \ write to speech processor command
JMP &FFF4 \ Osbyte and return
Coding similar to the Assembly language subroutine address, and its
equivalent BASIC procedure PROCaddress, will be used in this series to
write to the address register for word PHROM A.
DEFPROCaddress(address)
A%=&9F :REM: load accumulator with #&9F
Y%=&40+(address AND &F) :REM: #&40 OR (least significant nybble)
CALL &FFF4 :REM: call osbyte
Y%=&40+(address AND &F0) DIV &10
CALL &FFF4
Y%=&40+(address AND &F00) DIV &100
CALL &FFF4
Y%=&4C+(address AND &F000) DIV &1000
CALL &FFF4
Y%=&43 :REM: last byte always #&43
CALL &FFF4
ENDPROC
Although it is unlikely that you would ever want to load the contents of
the word PHROM address register with a specific 14 bit address and then do
nothing with the speech processor afterwards, it is always possible to do
such things by accident rather than design. If you do this and follow a
Load Address command with another Load Address command, the second address
will not be loaded into the address register as required. Loading the
address register must always be followed by either a Read Byte, Read and
Branch, Speak or Reset command. A Load Address command should not be
followed by either an NOP, a Speak External or another Load Address
command. There is no reason why a Load Address command should be followed
by any of these commands and this mistake should be avoided in all your
programs.
The effect of this programming error is demonstrated in the program
BEWARE. If you load and run this program it will respond by printing the
contents of memory location &0272 in word PHROM A after one set of five
Load Address commands and again after another two sets of five Load
Address commands. Because the second set of five Load Address commands has
been followed by a Reset command the two bytes are identical. Either
delete lines 350 to 370 or alter line 350 to LDA #0 and run the program
again. You will then see that the second byte is not the same as the first
indicating the error described above. Using the Load Address command is a
useful and very important part of programming the speech processor and you
must be aware of this potential error and design your programs so that it
never occurs.
10 REM: BEWARE
20 REM: Writing to the word PHROM address register
30 REM: must be followed by a write to speech
40 REM: processor command (osbyte &9F with
50 REM: Y = either &10, &30, &50 or &70) before
60 REM: writing to the address register again.
70 REM: Otherwise the second Load Address results in
80 REM: an error in the address register.
90 osnewl=&FFE7
100 oswrch=&FFEE
110 osbyte=&FFF4
120 DIM mcode &100
130 FORpass=0TO2STEP2
140 P%=mcode
150 [ OPT pass
160 LDA #&EB
170 LDX #0
180 LDY #&FF
190 JSR osbyte \ check for Acorn Speech upgrade
200 CPX #&FF
210 BEQ start
220 BRK
230 BRK
240 EQUS "No Speech upgrade"
250 BRK
260 .start
270 JSR address \ (TONE1) data address
280 JSR read \ read the byte
290 JSR printhex \ should be &B1
300 JSR address \ (TONE1) data address
310 \
320 \ use LDY #0 in line 350 to generate an error
330 \ or just delete lines 350, 360 and 370
340 \ &10,&30,&50,&70 work &0,&20,&4n,&60 don't
350 LDY #&70 \ reset command
360 LDA #&9F \ write to speech processor
370 JSR osbyte
380 \
390 JSR address \ (TONE1) data address
400 JSR read \ read the byte
410 JSR printhex \ should be &B1
420 JSR osnewl
430 RTS \ return to BASIC
440 .address
450 LDA #&9F \ write to speech processor
460 LDY #&42 \ address &0272
470 JSR osbyte
480 LDY #&47
490 JSR osbyte
500 LDY #&42
510 JSR osbyte
520 LDY #&4C
530 JSR osbyte
540 LDY #&43
550 JMP osbyte \ osbyte and return
560 .read
570 LDA #&9F \ write to speech processor
580 LDY #&10 \ read byte command
590 JSR osbyte \ send read byte command
600 LDA #&9E \ read from speech processor
610 JSR osbyte \ read next byte from PHROM
620 TYA \ result in accumulator
630 RTS
640 .printhex
650 PHA
660 LSR A
670 LSR A
680 LSR A
690 LSR A
700 JSR nybble
710 PLA
720 .nybble
730 AND #&F
740 SED
750 CLC
760 ADC #&90
770 ADC #&40
780 CLD
790 JMP oswrch
800 ]
810 NEXT
820 CALL mcode
-----
Speak
-----
Osbyte &9F with Y = &50
*FX 159,0,80
The Speak command is used to generate speech using the speech data stored
in a word PHROM. The word PHROM address register must be loaded with the
first byte of the speech data and speech will continue until a stop code
(%1111) is read from the word PHROM. The Speak command can be halted by a
Reset command (Osbyte &9F with Y = &70 or *FX 159,0,112). The Speak and
Reset commands will be used in module 6 to produce an almost unlimited
vocabulary from word PHROM A.
The example program PENCE demonstrates how the Speak command should be
used in Assembly language programs. The address register is first loaded
with the address of the start of the speech data for the word PENCE and
then the Speak command is executed. The speech data for the word PENCE
starts at &2B58. This address has been transformed into the five bytes &48
&45 &4B &4E and &43 to be used with the Load Address command.
10 REM: PENCE
20 DIM mcode &100
30 osbyte=&FFF4
40 FORpass=0TO2STEP2
50 P%=mcode
60 [ OPT pass
70 LDA #&9F \ write to speech processor
80 LDY #&48 \ address &2B58 "pence"
90 JSR osbyte
100 LDY #&45
110 JSR osbyte
120 LDY #&4B
130 JSR osbyte
140 LDY #&4E
150 JSR osbyte
160 LDY #&43
170 JSR osbyte
180 LDY #&50 \ speak command
190 JMP osbyte \ say "pence" and return to BASIC
200 ]
210 NEXT
220 CALL mcode
--------------
Speak External
--------------
Osbyte &9F with Y = &60
The Speak External command is used to allow the CPU to send speech data
from RAM to the speech processor. Using Osbyte &9F with Y = &60 flushes
the 16 byte FIFO buffer and data subsequently sent to the speech processor
are put into this buffer. While this command is active all data sent to
the speech processor are routed to the FIFO buffer. The reset command
(Osbyte &9F with Y = &70) is not recognised when Speak External is active.
Creating the speech data will be covered in some detail in module 5 but,
for now, you should look at the demonstration program CLOCK to see how the
speak external command can be used. Note in particular that the program
does not return until the speech has halted. This is essential if you are
to avoid producing garbled nonsence. The program and its data can be in
main memory, a Second Processor or reformated for Sideways RAM.
10 REM: CLOCK
20 DIM mcode &100
30 osbyte=&FFF4
40 FORpass=0TO2STEP2
50 P%=mcode
60 [ OPT pass
70 LDA #&9F \ write to speech processor
80 LDY #&60 \ speak external command
90 JSR osbyte
100 LDX #0
110 .loop
120 LDY clock,X \ load Y with data
130 JSR osbyte \ write data to speech processor
140 INX
150 CPX #&47
160 BNE loop
170 .status
180 LDA #&9E \ read speech processor status register
190 JSR osbyte
200 TYA \ status register in Y transfered to A
210 ROL A \ bit 7 (talk status) into carry
220 BCS status \ carry set if still speaking
230 RTS \ return to BASIC
240 .clock
250 EQUD &003BA528
260 EQUD &60A46B5D
270 EQUD &55090D59
280 EQUD &35A4BC32
290 EQUD &70D1AD4B
300 EQUD &D716F673
310 EQUD &ADCC2B29
320 EQUD &AD674DCA
330 EQUD &50AEF52C
340 EQUD &D486389D
350 EQUD &65654B3B
360 EQUD &754BD298
370 EQUD &1264DAF3
380 EQUD &6445DDCA
390 EQUD &28000003
400 EQUD &02231520
410 EQUD &808CE4E4
420 EQUW &072C
430 EQUB &FE
440 ]
450 NEXT
460 CALL mcode
---------
Read Byte
---------
Osbyte &9F with Y = &10, followed by Osbyte &9E
The Read Byte command allows the CPU to read one byte from a word PHROM.
Before executing the Read Byte command the Load Address command should be
used to specify the address of the byte to be read. The Read byte command
causes the byte indicated by the address register to be placed in the
eight bit data register. This data byte can then be read by the CPU using
Osbyte &9E which returns the contents of the data register in the Y
register. The address register is automatically incremented after the Read
Byte command so that the next byte can be read without using the Load
Address command.
The Read Byte command should always be followed by an Osbyte &9E command.
If any other command is sent to the speech processor before using Osbyte
&9E the data byte will be lost and the status register will be returned in
the Y register. The Assembly language subroutine labeled 'read' can be
used to read a byte from a word PHROM at the address specified by the
address register and return that byte in the accumulator.
.read
LDA #&9F \ write to speech processor
LDY #&10 \ read byte command
JSR osbyte \ send read byte command
LDA #&9E \ read from speech processor
JSR osbyte \ read byte
TYA \ result into accumulator
RTS
---------------
Read and Branch
---------------
Osbyte &9F with Y = &30
The Read and Branch instruction is used as an indirect Load Address
instruction and can only be used after setting up an address with the Load
Address command. The Load Address command must load the address register
with the address of a pointer which contains the start address of speech
data.
Acorn recommend that this command should not be used as it can only be
guarenteed to work when only one word PHROM is fitted into the computer.
This advice can often be ignored since there is only one word PHROM
generally available, that is word PHROM A. If you intend to write software
for other users you cannot assume that they have only one word PHROM and
you should avoid using this command under those circumstances.
The example program TONE1 uses the Load Address command to load the
address &0074 into the address register. &0074 is the address in word
PHROM A of the pointer to the speech data of (TONE1). The Read and Branch
instruction is then used to load the address of the speech data (&0272 -
although there is no need to know what the address is) and the Speak
command is used to speak the data.
10 REM: TONE1
20 osbyte=&FFF4
30 DIM mcode &100
40 FORpass=0TO2STEP2
50 P%=mcode
60 [ OPT pass
70 LDA #&9F \ write to speech processor
80 LDY #&44 \ address &74 (TONE1) pointer
90 JSR osbyte
100 LDY #&47
110 JSR osbyte
120 LDY #&40
130 JSR osbyte
140 LDY #&4C
150 JSR osbyte
160 LDY #&43
170 JSR osbyte
180 LDA #&9F \ write to speech processor
190 LDY #&30 \ read and branch
200 JSR osbyte
210 LDY #&50 \ speak command
220 JMP osbyte \ speak the word and return
230 ]
240 NEXT
250 CALL mcode
--------------------
Read Status Register
--------------------
Osbyte &9E
The status register can be read using Osbyte &9E at any time except
immediately after a Read Byte instruction. The status register contents
are returned in the three most significant bits of the Y register.
Bit 7 is the Talk Status bit (TS) and is set if speech is being produced.
Bit 6 is the Buffer Low bit (BL) which is set if the FIFO buffer is more
than half empty. Bit 5 is the Buffer empty bit (BE) which is set if the
FIFO buffer has run out of data while executing a Speak External command.
The subroutine status can be used to waste time while waiting for bit 7
of the status register to clear. Bit 7 will clear when the production of
speech is halted by processing a stop code (%1111), or when the FIFO
buffer is empty, or when the Speech Processor is reset.
.status
LDA #&9E \ read speech processor status register
JSR osbyte
TYA \ status register in Y transfered to A
ROL A \ bit 7 (talk status) into carry
BCS status \ carry set if still speaking
RTS \ return when speech halted
You will need to understand and use all the speech processor commands in
the following modules of this series.
00000000 54 68 65 20 41 63 6f 72 6e 20 53 70 65 65 63 68 |The Acorn Speech| 00000010 20 53 79 73 74 65 6d 20 20 2d 20 20 62 79 20 20 | System - by | 00000020 2d 20 20 47 6f 72 64 6f 6e 20 48 6f 72 73 69 6e |- Gordon Horsin| 00000030 67 74 6f 6e 0d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |gton.-----------| 00000040 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |----------------| * 00000060 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0d 4d 6f 64 75 6c |---------..Modul| 00000070 65 20 31 2e 20 54 68 65 20 53 70 65 65 63 68 20 |e 1. The Speech | 00000080 53 79 6e 74 68 65 73 69 73 65 72 20 43 6f 6d 6d |Synthesiser Comm| 00000090 61 6e 64 73 2e 0d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |ands..----------| 000000a0 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |----------------| * 000000c0 0d 0d 54 68 65 20 41 63 6f 72 6e 20 73 70 65 65 |..The Acorn spee| 000000d0 63 68 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 |ch system can be| 000000e0 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d 65 64 20 75 73 69 6e | programmed usin| 000000f0 67 20 74 68 65 20 53 4f 55 4e 44 20 63 6f 6d 6d |g the SOUND comm| 00000100 61 6e 64 20 66 72 6f 6d 0d 42 41 53 49 43 20 61 |and from.BASIC a| 00000110 6e 64 20 4f 73 77 6f 72 64 20 26 30 37 20 66 72 |nd Osword &07 fr| 00000120 6f 6d 20 62 6f 74 68 20 42 41 53 49 43 20 61 6e |om both BASIC an| 00000130 64 20 41 73 73 65 6d 62 6c 79 20 6c 61 6e 67 75 |d Assembly langu| 00000140 61 67 65 2e 20 54 68 65 73 65 0d 74 65 63 68 6e |age. These.techn| 00000150 69 71 75 65 73 20 61 72 65 20 65 78 70 6c 61 69 |iques are explai| 00000160 6e 65 64 20 69 6e 20 64 65 74 61 69 6c 20 69 6e |ned in detail in| 00000170 20 74 68 65 20 53 70 65 65 63 68 20 53 79 73 74 | the Speech Syst| 00000180 65 6d 20 55 73 65 72 20 47 75 69 64 65 2e 20 54 |em User Guide. T| 00000190 68 65 79 0d 61 72 65 20 65 61 73 79 20 74 6f 20 |hey.are easy to | 000001a0 75 6e 64 65 72 73 74 61 6e 64 20 61 6e 64 20 49 |understand and I| 000001b0 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 61 73 73 75 6d 65 20 74 68 61 | will assume tha| 000001c0 74 20 79 6f 75 20 61 72 65 20 66 61 6d 69 6c 69 |t you are famili| 000001d0 61 72 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 6d 0d 77 68 65 |ar with them.whe| 000001e0 6e 20 74 68 65 79 20 61 72 65 20 75 73 65 64 20 |n they are used | 000001f0 69 6e 20 74 68 69 73 20 73 65 72 69 65 73 2e 0d |in this series..| 00000200 0d 54 68 69 73 20 73 65 72 69 65 73 20 77 69 6c |.This series wil| 00000210 6c 20 62 65 20 63 6f 6e 63 65 72 6e 65 64 20 77 |l be concerned w| 00000220 69 74 68 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d 69 6e 67 20 |ith programming | 00000230 74 68 65 20 73 70 65 65 63 68 20 70 72 6f 63 65 |the speech proce| 00000240 73 73 6f 72 20 61 73 0d 61 6e 6f 74 68 65 72 20 |ssor as.another | 00000250 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 6f 72 20 66 69 74 74 65 64 |processor fitted| 00000260 20 69 6e 73 69 64 65 20 74 68 65 20 42 42 43 20 | inside the BBC | 00000270 42 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 69 73 20 63 6f 6e 74 72 |B which is contr| 00000280 6f 6c 6c 65 64 20 62 79 20 74 68 65 20 42 42 43 |olled by the BBC| 00000290 27 73 0d 43 50 55 2e 20 54 68 65 20 54 65 78 61 |'s.CPU. The Texa| 000002a0 73 20 49 6e 73 74 72 75 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 54 4d |s Instruments TM| 000002b0 53 20 35 32 32 30 20 73 70 65 65 63 68 20 73 79 |S 5220 speech sy| 000002c0 6e 74 68 65 73 69 73 65 72 20 69 73 20 61 20 70 |nthesiser is a p| 000002d0 72 6f 63 65 73 73 6f 72 20 69 6e 0d 69 74 73 20 |rocessor in.its | 000002e0 6f 77 6e 20 72 69 67 68 74 20 61 6e 64 20 69 74 |own right and it| 000002f0 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d | can be programm| 00000300 65 64 20 62 79 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f 6d 70 75 74 |ed by the comput| 00000310 65 72 27 73 20 43 50 55 20 61 6e 64 20 6c 65 66 |er's CPU and lef| 00000320 74 20 74 6f 0d 67 65 74 20 6f 6e 20 77 69 74 68 |t to.get on with| 00000330 20 74 68 65 20 73 70 65 65 63 68 20 73 79 6e 74 | the speech synt| 00000340 68 65 73 69 73 2e 20 54 68 65 20 54 4d 53 20 35 |hesis. 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Another | 000004a0 72 65 67 69 73 74 65 72 20 6f 66 20 69 6e 74 65 |register of inte| 000004b0 72 65 73 74 20 69 73 20 74 68 65 20 31 34 20 62 |rest is the 14 b| 000004c0 69 74 0d 77 6f 72 64 20 50 48 52 4f 4d 20 61 64 |it.word PHROM ad| 000004d0 64 72 65 73 73 20 72 65 67 69 73 74 65 72 2e 20 |dress register. | 000004e0 41 6c 6c 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 72 65 67 69 73 74 |All these regist| 000004f0 65 72 73 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 20 75 73 65 64 |ers will be used| 00000500 20 77 68 65 6e 0d 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d 69 6e | when.programmin| 00000510 67 20 74 68 65 20 54 4d 53 20 35 32 32 30 20 61 |g the TMS 5220 a| 00000520 6e 64 20 79 6f 75 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 72 65 |nd you should re| 00000530 61 64 20 70 61 67 65 73 20 31 38 20 74 6f 20 32 |ad pages 18 to 2| 00000540 32 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 55 73 65 72 0d 47 75 |2 of the User.Gu| 00000550 69 64 65 20 69 66 20 79 6f 75 20 6e 65 65 64 20 |ide if you need | 00000560 6d 6f 72 65 20 69 6e 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e |more information| 00000570 20 61 62 6f 75 74 20 74 68 65 6d 2e 0d 0d 54 68 | about them...Th| 00000580 65 20 65 69 67 68 74 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 73 |e eight commands| 00000590 20 72 65 63 6f 67 6e 69 73 65 64 20 62 79 20 74 | recognised by t| 000005a0 68 65 20 54 4d 53 20 35 32 32 30 20 63 61 6e 20 |he TMS 5220 can | 000005b0 62 65 20 73 65 6e 74 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 73 |be sent to the s| 000005c0 70 65 65 63 68 0d 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 6f 72 20 |peech.processor | 000005d0 75 73 69 6e 67 20 4f 73 62 79 74 65 20 26 39 46 |using Osbyte &9F| 000005e0 2e 20 4f 6e 63 65 20 61 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 |. 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Th| 00000640 65 20 65 69 67 68 74 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 73 |e eight commands| 00000650 20 61 72 65 0d 73 68 6f 77 6e 20 69 6e 20 66 69 | are.shown in fi| 00000660 67 75 72 65 20 31 2e 0d 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 |gure 1.... | 00000670 20 20 20 20 20 43 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 20 43 6f 64 | Command Cod| 00000680 65 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 20 20 20 20 20 |e | | 00000690 20 4f 70 65 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 0d 20 20 20 20 20 | Operation. | 000006a0 20 20 42 69 6e 61 72 79 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | Binary | 000006b0 20 20 48 65 78 2e 20 20 20 20 20 7c 0d 20 20 20 | Hex. |. | 000006c0 20 20 20 20 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | ------------| 000006d0 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2b 2d 2d |-------------+--| 000006e0 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |----------------| 000006f0 2d 2d 2d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 78 30 30 30 78 |---. x000x| 00000700 78 78 78 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 26 30 30 20 20 |xxx &00 | 00000710 20 20 20 20 7c 20 20 20 20 20 20 4e 6f 70 0d 20 | | Nop. | 00000720 20 20 20 20 20 20 78 30 30 31 78 78 78 78 20 20 | x001xxxx | 00000730 20 20 20 20 20 20 26 31 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c | &10 || 00000740 20 20 20 20 20 20 52 65 61 64 20 42 79 74 65 0d | Read Byte.| 00000750 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 78 30 31 30 78 78 78 78 20 | x010xxxx | 00000760 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 26 32 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 | &20 | 00000770 7c 20 20 20 20 20 20 4e 6f 70 0d 20 20 20 20 20 || Nop. | 00000780 20 20 78 30 31 31 78 78 78 78 20 20 20 20 20 20 | x011xxxx | 00000790 20 20 26 33 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 20 20 20 20 | &30 | | 000007a0 20 20 52 65 61 64 20 61 6e 64 20 42 72 61 6e 63 | Read and Branc| 000007b0 68 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 78 31 30 30 61 61 61 |h. x100aaa| 000007c0 61 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 26 34 61 20 20 20 20 |a &4a | 000007d0 20 20 7c 20 20 20 20 20 20 4c 6f 61 64 20 41 64 | | Load Ad| 000007e0 64 72 65 73 73 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 78 31 30 |dress. x10| 000007f0 31 78 78 78 78 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 26 35 30 |1xxxx &50| 00000800 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 20 20 20 20 20 20 53 70 65 | | Spe| 00000810 61 6b 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 78 31 31 30 78 78 |ak. x110xx| 00000820 78 78 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 26 36 30 20 20 20 |xx &60 | 00000830 20 20 20 7c 20 20 20 20 20 20 53 70 65 61 6b 20 | | Speak | 00000840 45 78 74 65 72 6e 61 6c 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |External. | 00000850 78 31 31 31 78 78 78 78 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |x111xxxx | 00000860 26 37 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 20 20 20 20 20 20 |&70 | | 00000870 52 65 73 65 74 0d 0d 78 20 3d 20 64 6f 65 73 6e |Reset..x = doesn| 00000880 27 74 20 6d 61 74 74 65 72 0d 61 20 3d 20 61 64 |'t matter.a = ad| 00000890 64 72 65 73 73 0d 0d 46 69 67 75 72 65 20 31 2e |dress..Figure 1.| 000008a0 20 54 68 65 20 54 4d 53 20 35 32 32 30 20 63 6f | The TMS 5220 co| 000008b0 6d 6d 61 6e 64 20 73 65 74 0d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |mmand set.------| 000008c0 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |----------------| 000008d0 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0d 0d 54 |------------...T| 000008e0 68 65 73 65 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 73 20 61 72 |hese commands ar| 000008f0 65 20 73 65 6e 74 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 73 70 |e sent to the sp| 00000900 65 65 63 68 20 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 6f 72 20 75 |eech processor u| 00000910 73 69 6e 67 20 4f 73 62 79 74 65 20 26 39 46 20 |sing Osbyte &9F | 00000920 77 69 74 68 20 61 0d 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 2c 20 |with a.command, | 00000930 6f 72 20 64 61 74 61 2c 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |or data, in the | 00000940 59 20 72 65 67 69 73 74 65 72 2e 20 4f 6e 20 72 |Y register. 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20 6a 75 | \ or ju| 00003360 73 74 20 64 65 6c 65 74 65 20 6c 69 6e 65 73 20 |st delete lines | 00003370 33 35 30 2c 20 33 36 30 20 61 6e 64 20 33 37 30 |350, 360 and 370| 00003380 0d 20 20 33 34 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |. 340 | 00003390 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 5c 20 26 | \ &| 000033a0 31 30 2c 26 33 30 2c 26 35 30 2c 26 37 30 20 77 |10,&30,&50,&70 w| 000033b0 6f 72 6b 20 26 30 2c 26 32 30 2c 26 34 6e 2c 26 |ork &0,&20,&4n,&| 000033c0 36 30 20 64 6f 6e 27 74 0d 20 20 33 35 30 20 20 |60 don't. 350 | 000033d0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4c 44 59 20 23 26 37 30 20 | LDY #&70 | 000033e0 20 20 20 20 20 5c 20 72 65 73 65 74 20 63 6f 6d | \ reset com| 000033f0 6d 61 6e 64 0d 20 20 33 36 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 |mand. 360 | 00003400 20 20 20 4c 44 41 20 23 26 39 46 20 20 20 20 20 | LDA #&9F | 00003410 20 5c 20 77 72 69 74 65 20 74 6f 20 73 70 65 65 | \ write to spee| 00003420 63 68 20 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 6f 72 0d 20 20 33 |ch processor. 3| 00003430 37 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4a 53 52 20 6f |70 JSR o| 00003440 73 62 79 74 65 0d 20 20 33 38 30 20 20 20 20 20 |sbyte. 380 | 00003450 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 00003460 20 20 5c 0d 20 20 33 39 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | \. 390 | 00003470 20 20 4a 53 52 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 20 20 | JSR address | 00003480 5c 20 28 54 4f 4e 45 31 29 20 64 61 74 61 20 61 |\ (TONE1) data a| 00003490 64 64 72 65 73 73 0d 20 20 34 30 30 20 20 20 20 |ddress. 400 | 000034a0 20 20 20 20 20 4a 53 52 20 72 65 61 64 20 20 20 | JSR read | 000034b0 20 20 20 5c 20 72 65 61 64 20 74 68 65 20 62 79 | \ read the by| 000034c0 74 65 0d 20 20 34 31 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |te. 410 | 000034d0 20 4a 53 52 20 70 72 69 6e 74 68 65 78 20 20 5c | JSR printhex \| 000034e0 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 65 20 26 42 31 0d 20 | should be &B1. | 000034f0 20 34 32 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4a 53 52 | 420 JSR| 00003500 20 6f 73 6e 65 77 6c 0d 20 20 34 33 30 20 20 20 | osnewl. 430 | 00003510 20 20 20 20 20 20 52 54 53 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | RTS | 00003520 20 20 20 20 5c 20 72 65 74 75 72 6e 20 74 6f 20 | \ return to | 00003530 42 41 53 49 43 0d 20 20 34 34 30 20 2e 61 64 64 |BASIC. 440 .add| 00003540 72 65 73 73 0d 20 20 34 35 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ress. 450 | 00003550 20 20 20 4c 44 41 20 23 26 39 46 20 20 20 20 20 | LDA #&9F | 00003560 20 5c 20 77 72 69 74 65 20 74 6f 20 73 70 65 65 | \ write to spee| 00003570 63 68 20 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 6f 72 0d 20 20 34 |ch processor. 4| 00003580 36 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4c 44 59 20 23 |60 LDY #| 00003590 26 34 32 20 20 20 20 20 20 5c 20 61 64 64 72 65 |&42 \ addre| 000035a0 73 73 20 26 30 32 37 32 0d 20 20 34 37 30 20 20 |ss &0272. 470 | 000035b0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4a 53 52 20 6f 73 62 79 74 | JSR osbyt| 000035c0 65 0d 20 20 34 38 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |e. 480 | 000035d0 4c 44 59 20 23 26 34 37 0d 20 20 34 39 30 20 20 |LDY #&47. 490 | 000035e0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4a 53 52 20 6f 73 62 79 74 | JSR osbyt| 000035f0 65 0d 20 20 35 30 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |e. 500 | 00003600 4c 44 59 20 23 26 34 32 0d 20 20 35 31 30 20 20 |LDY #&42. 510 | 00003610 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4a 53 52 20 6f 73 62 79 74 | JSR osbyt| 00003620 65 0d 20 20 35 32 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |e. 520 | 00003630 4c 44 59 20 23 26 34 43 0d 20 20 35 33 30 20 20 |LDY #&4C. 530 | 00003640 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4a 53 52 20 6f 73 62 79 74 | JSR osbyt| 00003650 65 0d 20 20 35 34 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |e. 540 | 00003660 4c 44 59 20 23 26 34 33 0d 20 20 35 35 30 20 20 |LDY #&43. 550 | 00003670 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4a 4d 50 20 6f 73 62 79 74 | JMP osbyt| 00003680 65 20 20 20 20 5c 20 6f 73 62 79 74 65 20 61 6e |e \ osbyte an| 00003690 64 20 72 65 74 75 72 6e 0d 20 20 35 36 30 20 2e |d return. 560 .| 000036a0 72 65 61 64 0d 20 20 35 37 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 |read. 570 | 000036b0 20 20 20 4c 44 41 20 23 26 39 46 20 20 20 20 20 | LDA #&9F | 000036c0 20 5c 20 77 72 69 74 65 20 74 6f 20 73 70 65 65 | \ write to spee| 000036d0 63 68 20 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 6f 72 0d 20 20 35 |ch processor. 5| 000036e0 38 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4c 44 59 20 23 |80 LDY #| 000036f0 26 31 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 5c 20 72 65 61 64 20 |&10 \ read | 00003700 62 79 74 65 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 0d 20 20 35 |byte command. 5| 00003710 39 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4a 53 52 20 6f |90 JSR o| 00003720 73 62 79 74 65 20 20 20 20 5c 20 73 65 6e 64 20 |sbyte \ send | 00003730 72 65 61 64 20 62 79 74 65 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e |read byte comman| 00003740 64 0d 20 20 36 30 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |d. 600 | 00003750 4c 44 41 20 23 26 39 45 20 20 20 20 20 20 5c 20 |LDA #&9E \ | 00003760 72 65 61 64 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 73 70 65 65 63 68 |read from speech| 00003770 20 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 6f 72 0d 20 20 36 31 30 | processor. 610| 00003780 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4a 53 52 20 6f 73 62 | JSR osb| 00003790 79 74 65 20 20 20 20 5c 20 72 65 61 64 20 6e 65 |yte \ read ne| 000037a0 78 74 20 62 79 74 65 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 50 48 52 |xt byte from PHR| 000037b0 4f 4d 0d 20 20 36 32 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |OM. 620 | 000037c0 20 54 59 41 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 5c | TYA \| 000037d0 20 72 65 73 75 6c 74 20 69 6e 20 61 63 63 75 6d | result in accum| 000037e0 75 6c 61 74 6f 72 0d 20 20 36 33 30 20 20 20 20 |ulator. 630 | 000037f0 20 20 20 20 20 52 54 53 0d 20 20 36 34 30 20 2e | RTS. 640 .| 00003800 70 72 69 6e 74 68 65 78 0d 20 20 36 35 30 20 20 |printhex. 650 | 00003810 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 50 48 41 0d 20 20 36 36 30 | PHA. 660| 00003820 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4c 53 52 20 41 0d 20 | LSR A. | 00003830 20 36 37 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4c 53 52 | 670 LSR| 00003840 20 41 0d 20 20 36 38 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | A. 680 | 00003850 20 4c 53 52 20 41 0d 20 20 36 39 30 20 20 20 20 | LSR A. 690 | 00003860 20 20 20 20 20 4c 53 52 20 41 0d 20 20 37 30 30 | LSR A. 700| 00003870 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4a 53 52 20 6e 79 62 | JSR nyb| 00003880 62 6c 65 0d 20 20 37 31 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ble. 710 | 00003890 20 20 50 4c 41 0d 20 20 37 32 30 20 2e 6e 79 62 | PLA. 720 .nyb| 000038a0 62 6c 65 0d 20 20 37 33 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ble. 730 | 000038b0 20 20 41 4e 44 20 23 26 46 0d 20 20 37 34 30 20 | AND #&F. 740 | 000038c0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 53 45 44 0d 20 20 37 35 | SED. 75| 000038d0 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 43 4c 43 0d 20 20 |0 CLC. | 000038e0 37 36 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 41 44 43 20 |760 ADC | 000038f0 23 26 39 30 0d 20 20 37 37 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 |#&90. 770 | 00003900 20 20 20 41 44 43 20 23 26 34 30 0d 20 20 37 38 | ADC #&40. 78| 00003910 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 43 4c 44 0d 20 20 |0 CLD. | 00003920 37 39 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4a 4d 50 20 |790 JMP | 00003930 6f 73 77 72 63 68 0d 20 20 38 30 30 20 5d 0d 20 |oswrch. 800 ]. | 00003940 20 38 31 30 20 4e 45 58 54 0d 20 20 38 32 30 20 | 810 NEXT. 820 | 00003950 43 41 4c 4c 20 6d 63 6f 64 65 0d 0d 0d 2d 2d 2d |CALL mcode...---| 00003960 2d 2d 0d 53 70 65 61 6b 0d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0d |--.Speak.-----..| 00003970 4f 73 62 79 74 65 20 26 39 46 20 77 69 74 68 20 |Osbyte &9F with | 00003980 59 20 3d 20 26 35 30 0d 2a 46 58 20 31 35 39 2c |Y = &50.*FX 159,| 00003990 30 2c 38 30 0d 0d 54 68 65 20 53 70 65 61 6b 20 |0,80..The Speak | 000039a0 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 20 69 73 20 75 73 65 64 20 |command is used | 000039b0 74 6f 20 67 65 6e 65 72 61 74 65 20 73 70 65 65 |to generate spee| 000039c0 63 68 20 75 73 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 73 70 65 |ch using the spe| 000039d0 65 63 68 20 64 61 74 61 20 73 74 6f 72 65 64 0d |ech data stored.| 000039e0 69 6e 20 61 20 77 6f 72 64 20 50 48 52 4f 4d 2e |in a word PHROM.| 000039f0 20 54 68 65 20 77 6f 72 64 20 50 48 52 4f 4d 20 | The word PHROM | 00003a00 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 72 65 67 69 73 74 65 72 |address register| 00003a10 20 6d 75 73 74 20 62 65 20 6c 6f 61 64 65 64 20 | must be loaded | 00003a20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 0d 66 69 72 73 74 20 62 |with the.first b| 00003a30 79 74 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 73 70 65 65 63 |yte of the speec| 00003a40 68 20 64 61 74 61 20 61 6e 64 20 73 70 65 65 63 |h data and speec| 00003a50 68 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 63 6f 6e 74 69 6e 75 65 20 |h will continue | 00003a60 75 6e 74 69 6c 20 61 20 73 74 6f 70 20 63 6f 64 |until a stop cod| 00003a70 65 0d 28 25 31 31 31 31 29 20 69 73 20 72 65 61 |e.(%1111) is rea| 00003a80 64 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 20 77 6f 72 64 20 |d from the word | 00003a90 50 48 52 4f 4d 2e 20 54 68 65 20 53 70 65 61 6b |PHROM. The Speak| 00003aa0 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 | command can be | 00003ab0 68 61 6c 74 65 64 20 62 79 20 61 0d 52 65 73 65 |halted by a.Rese| 00003ac0 74 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 20 28 4f 73 62 79 74 |t command (Osbyt| 00003ad0 65 20 26 39 46 20 77 69 74 68 20 59 20 3d 20 26 |e &9F with Y = &| 00003ae0 37 30 20 6f 72 20 2a 46 58 20 31 35 39 2c 30 2c |70 or *FX 159,0,| 00003af0 31 31 32 29 2e 20 54 68 65 20 53 70 65 61 6b 20 |112). The Speak | 00003b00 61 6e 64 0d 52 65 73 65 74 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e |and.Reset comman| 00003b10 64 73 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 20 75 73 65 64 20 |ds will be used | 00003b20 69 6e 20 6d 6f 64 75 6c 65 20 36 20 74 6f 20 70 |in module 6 to p| 00003b30 72 6f 64 75 63 65 20 61 6e 20 61 6c 6d 6f 73 74 |roduce an almost| 00003b40 20 75 6e 6c 69 6d 69 74 65 64 0d 76 6f 63 61 62 | unlimited.vocab| 00003b50 75 6c 61 72 79 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 77 6f 72 64 20 |ulary from word | 00003b60 50 48 52 4f 4d 20 41 2e 0d 0d 54 68 65 20 65 78 |PHROM A...The ex| 00003b70 61 6d 70 6c 65 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 50 45 |ample program PE| 00003b80 4e 43 45 20 64 65 6d 6f 6e 73 74 72 61 74 65 73 |NCE demonstrates| 00003b90 20 68 6f 77 20 74 68 65 20 53 70 65 61 6b 20 63 | how the Speak c| 00003ba0 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 65 |ommand should be| 00003bb0 0d 75 73 65 64 20 69 6e 20 41 73 73 65 6d 62 6c |.used in Assembl| 00003bc0 79 20 6c 61 6e 67 75 61 67 65 20 70 72 6f 67 72 |y language progr| 00003bd0 61 6d 73 2e 20 54 68 65 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 |ams. The address| 00003be0 20 72 65 67 69 73 74 65 72 20 69 73 20 66 69 72 | register is fir| 00003bf0 73 74 20 6c 6f 61 64 65 64 0d 77 69 74 68 20 74 |st loaded.with t| 00003c00 68 65 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 6f 66 20 74 68 |he address of th| 00003c10 65 20 73 74 61 72 74 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 73 |e start of the s| 00003c20 70 65 65 63 68 20 64 61 74 61 20 66 6f 72 20 74 |peech data for t| 00003c30 68 65 20 77 6f 72 64 20 50 45 4e 43 45 20 61 6e |he word PENCE an| 00003c40 64 0d 74 68 65 6e 20 74 68 65 20 53 70 65 61 6b |d.then the Speak| 00003c50 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 20 69 73 20 65 78 65 63 | command is exec| 00003c60 75 74 65 64 2e 20 54 68 65 20 73 70 65 65 63 68 |uted. The speech| 00003c70 20 64 61 74 61 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 77 6f | data for the wo| 00003c80 72 64 20 50 45 4e 43 45 0d 73 74 61 72 74 73 20 |rd PENCE.starts | 00003c90 61 74 20 26 32 42 35 38 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20 61 |at &2B58. This a| 00003ca0 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 68 61 73 20 62 65 65 6e 20 |ddress has been | 00003cb0 74 72 61 6e 73 66 6f 72 6d 65 64 20 69 6e 74 6f |transformed into| 00003cc0 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 76 65 20 62 79 74 65 73 20 | the five bytes | 00003cd0 26 34 38 0d 26 34 35 20 26 34 42 20 26 34 45 20 |&48.&45 &4B &4E | 00003ce0 61 6e 64 20 26 34 33 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 75 73 |and &43 to be us| 00003cf0 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 20 4c 6f 61 64 |ed with the Load| 00003d00 20 41 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 | Address command| 00003d10 2e 0d 0d 0d 20 20 20 31 30 20 52 45 4d 3a 20 50 |.... 10 REM: P| 00003d20 45 4e 43 45 0d 20 20 20 32 30 20 44 49 4d 20 6d |ENCE. 20 DIM m| 00003d30 63 6f 64 65 20 26 31 30 30 0d 20 20 20 33 30 20 |code &100. 30 | 00003d40 6f 73 62 79 74 65 3d 26 46 46 46 34 0d 20 20 20 |osbyte=&FFF4. | 00003d50 34 30 20 46 4f 52 70 61 73 73 3d 30 54 4f 32 53 |40 FORpass=0TO2S| 00003d60 54 45 50 32 0d 20 20 20 35 30 20 50 25 3d 6d 63 |TEP2. 50 P%=mc| 00003d70 6f 64 65 0d 20 20 20 36 30 20 5b 20 20 20 20 20 |ode. 60 [ | 00003d80 20 20 4f 50 54 20 70 61 73 73 0d 20 20 20 37 30 | OPT pass. 70| 00003d90 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4c 44 41 20 23 26 39 | LDA #&9| 00003da0 46 20 20 20 20 20 20 5c 20 77 72 69 74 65 20 74 |F \ write t| 00003db0 6f 20 73 70 65 65 63 68 20 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 |o speech process| 00003dc0 6f 72 0d 20 20 20 38 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |or. 80 | 00003dd0 20 4c 44 59 20 23 26 34 38 20 20 20 20 20 20 5c | LDY #&48 \| 00003de0 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 26 32 42 35 38 20 22 | address &2B58 "| 00003df0 70 65 6e 63 65 22 0d 20 20 20 39 30 20 20 20 20 |pence". 90 | 00003e00 20 20 20 20 20 4a 53 52 20 6f 73 62 79 74 65 0d | JSR osbyte.| 00003e10 20 20 31 30 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4c 44 | 100 LD| 00003e20 59 20 23 26 34 35 0d 20 20 31 31 30 20 20 20 20 |Y #&45. 110 | 00003e30 20 20 20 20 20 4a 53 52 20 6f 73 62 79 74 65 0d | JSR osbyte.| 00003e40 20 20 31 32 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4c 44 | 120 LD| 00003e50 59 20 23 26 34 42 0d 20 20 31 33 30 20 20 20 20 |Y #&4B. 130 | 00003e60 20 20 20 20 20 4a 53 52 20 6f 73 62 79 74 65 0d | JSR osbyte.| 00003e70 20 20 31 34 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4c 44 | 140 LD| 00003e80 59 20 23 26 34 45 0d 20 20 31 35 30 20 20 20 20 |Y #&4E. 150 | 00003e90 20 20 20 20 20 4a 53 52 20 6f 73 62 79 74 65 0d | JSR osbyte.| 00003ea0 20 20 31 36 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4c 44 | 160 LD| 00003eb0 59 20 23 26 34 33 0d 20 20 31 37 30 20 20 20 20 |Y #&43. 170 | 00003ec0 20 20 20 20 20 4a 53 52 20 6f 73 62 79 74 65 0d | JSR osbyte.| 00003ed0 20 20 31 38 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4c 44 | 180 LD| 00003ee0 59 20 23 26 35 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 5c 20 73 70 |Y #&50 \ sp| 00003ef0 65 61 6b 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 0d 20 20 31 39 |eak command. 19| 00003f00 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4a 4d 50 20 6f 73 |0 JMP os| 00003f10 62 79 74 65 20 20 20 20 5c 20 73 61 79 20 22 70 |byte \ say "p| 00003f20 65 6e 63 65 22 20 61 6e 64 20 72 65 74 75 72 6e |ence" and return| 00003f30 20 74 6f 20 42 41 53 49 43 0d 20 20 32 30 30 20 | to BASIC. 200 | 00003f40 5d 0d 20 20 32 31 30 20 4e 45 58 54 0d 20 20 32 |]. 210 NEXT. 2| 00003f50 32 30 20 43 41 4c 4c 20 6d 63 6f 64 65 0d 0d 0d |20 CALL mcode...| 00003f60 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 53 |--------------.S| 00003f70 70 65 61 6b 20 45 78 74 65 72 6e 61 6c 0d 2d 2d |peak External.--| 00003f80 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0d 4f 73 |------------..Os| 00003f90 62 79 74 65 20 26 39 46 20 77 69 74 68 20 59 20 |byte &9F with Y | 00003fa0 3d 20 26 36 30 0d 0d 54 68 65 20 53 70 65 61 6b |= &60..The Speak| 00003fb0 20 45 78 74 65 72 6e 61 6c 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e | External comman| 00003fc0 64 20 69 73 20 75 73 65 64 20 74 6f 20 61 6c 6c |d is used to all| 00003fd0 6f 77 20 74 68 65 20 43 50 55 20 74 6f 20 73 65 |ow the CPU to se| 00003fe0 6e 64 20 73 70 65 65 63 68 20 64 61 74 61 0d 66 |nd speech data.f| 00003ff0 72 6f 6d 20 52 41 4d 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 73 |rom RAM to the s| 00004000 70 65 65 63 68 20 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 6f 72 2e |peech processor.| 00004010 20 55 73 69 6e 67 20 4f 73 62 79 74 65 20 26 39 | Using Osbyte &9| 00004020 46 20 77 69 74 68 20 59 20 3d 20 26 36 30 20 66 |F with Y = &60 f| 00004030 6c 75 73 68 65 73 0d 74 68 65 20 31 36 20 62 79 |lushes.the 16 by| 00004040 74 65 20 46 49 46 4f 20 62 75 66 66 65 72 20 61 |te FIFO buffer a| 00004050 6e 64 20 64 61 74 61 20 73 75 62 73 65 71 75 65 |nd data subseque| 00004060 6e 74 6c 79 20 73 65 6e 74 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 |ntly sent to the| 00004070 20 73 70 65 65 63 68 20 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 6f | speech processo| 00004080 72 0d 61 72 65 20 70 75 74 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 74 |r.are put into t| 00004090 68 69 73 20 62 75 66 66 65 72 2e 20 57 68 69 6c |his buffer. Whil| 000040a0 65 20 74 68 69 73 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 20 69 |e this command i| 000040b0 73 20 61 63 74 69 76 65 20 61 6c 6c 20 64 61 74 |s active all dat| 000040c0 61 20 73 65 6e 74 20 74 6f 0d 74 68 65 20 73 70 |a sent to.the sp| 000040d0 65 65 63 68 20 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 6f 72 20 61 |eech processor a| 000040e0 72 65 20 72 6f 75 74 65 64 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 |re routed to the| 000040f0 20 46 49 46 4f 20 62 75 66 66 65 72 2e 20 54 68 | FIFO buffer. Th| 00004100 65 20 72 65 73 65 74 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 0d |e reset command.| 00004110 28 4f 73 62 79 74 65 20 26 39 46 20 77 69 74 68 |(Osbyte &9F with| 00004120 20 59 20 3d 20 26 37 30 29 20 69 73 20 6e 6f 74 | Y = &70) is not| 00004130 20 72 65 63 6f 67 6e 69 73 65 64 20 77 68 65 6e | recognised when| 00004140 20 53 70 65 61 6b 20 45 78 74 65 72 6e 61 6c 20 | Speak External | 00004150 69 73 20 61 63 74 69 76 65 2e 0d 0d 43 72 65 61 |is active...Crea| 00004160 74 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 73 70 65 65 63 68 20 |ting the speech | 00004170 64 61 74 61 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 20 63 6f 76 |data will be cov| 00004180 65 72 65 64 20 69 6e 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 64 65 74 |ered in some det| 00004190 61 69 6c 20 69 6e 20 6d 6f 64 75 6c 65 20 35 20 |ail in module 5 | 000041a0 62 75 74 2c 0d 66 6f 72 20 6e 6f 77 2c 20 79 6f |but,.for now, yo| 000041b0 75 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 6c 6f 6f 6b 20 61 74 |u should look at| 000041c0 20 74 68 65 20 64 65 6d 6f 6e 73 74 72 61 74 69 | the demonstrati| 000041d0 6f 6e 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 43 4c 4f 43 4b |on program CLOCK| 000041e0 20 74 6f 20 73 65 65 20 68 6f 77 20 74 68 65 0d | to see how the.| 000041f0 73 70 65 61 6b 20 65 78 74 65 72 6e 61 6c 20 63 |speak external c| 00004200 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 75 73 |ommand can be us| 00004210 65 64 2e 20 4e 6f 74 65 20 69 6e 20 70 61 72 74 |ed. 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4f 4e 45 31 0d 20 20 20 32 30 20 6f 73 62 79 74 |ONE1. 20 osbyt| 000052b0 65 3d 26 46 46 46 34 0d 20 20 20 33 30 20 44 49 |e=&FFF4. 30 DI| 000052c0 4d 20 6d 63 6f 64 65 20 26 31 30 30 0d 20 20 20 |M mcode &100. | 000052d0 34 30 20 46 4f 52 70 61 73 73 3d 30 54 4f 32 53 |40 FORpass=0TO2S| 000052e0 54 45 50 32 0d 20 20 20 35 30 20 50 25 3d 6d 63 |TEP2. 50 P%=mc| 000052f0 6f 64 65 0d 20 20 20 36 30 20 5b 20 20 20 20 20 |ode. 60 [ | 00005300 20 20 4f 50 54 20 70 61 73 73 0d 20 20 20 37 30 | OPT pass. 70| 00005310 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4c 44 41 20 23 26 39 | LDA #&9| 00005320 46 20 20 20 20 20 20 5c 20 77 72 69 74 65 20 74 |F \ write t| 00005330 6f 20 73 70 65 65 63 68 20 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 |o speech process| 00005340 6f 72 0d 20 20 20 38 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |or. 80 | 00005350 20 4c 44 59 20 23 26 34 34 20 20 20 20 20 20 5c | LDY #&44 \| 00005360 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 26 37 34 20 28 54 4f | address &74 (TO| 00005370 4e 45 31 29 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 65 72 0d 20 20 20 |NE1) 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return. 230 ]| 00005540 0d 20 20 32 34 30 20 4e 45 58 54 0d 20 20 32 35 |. 240 NEXT. 25| 00005550 30 20 43 41 4c 4c 20 6d 63 6f 64 65 0d 0d 0d 2d |0 CALL mcode...-| 00005560 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |----------------| 00005570 2d 2d 2d 0d 52 65 61 64 20 53 74 61 74 75 73 20 |---.Read Status | 00005580 52 65 67 69 73 74 65 72 0d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |Register.-------| 00005590 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0d 4f |-------------..O| 000055a0 73 62 79 74 65 20 26 39 45 0d 0d 54 68 65 20 73 |sbyte &9E..The s| 000055b0 74 61 74 75 73 20 72 65 67 69 73 74 65 72 20 63 |tatus register c| 000055c0 61 6e 20 62 65 20 72 65 61 64 20 75 73 69 6e 67 |an be read using| 000055d0 20 4f 73 62 79 74 65 20 26 39 45 20 61 74 20 61 | Osbyte &9E at a| 000055e0 6e 79 20 74 69 6d 65 20 65 78 63 65 70 74 0d 69 |ny time except.i| 000055f0 6d 6d 65 64 69 61 74 65 6c 79 20 61 66 74 65 72 |mmediately after| 00005600 20 61 20 52 65 61 64 20 42 79 74 65 20 69 6e 73 | a Read Byte ins| 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Bit 7 | 00005810 77 69 6c 6c 20 63 6c 65 61 72 20 77 68 65 6e 20 |will clear when | 00005820 74 68 65 20 70 72 6f 64 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f |the production o| 00005830 66 0d 73 70 65 65 63 68 20 69 73 20 68 61 6c 74 |f.speech is halt| 00005840 65 64 20 62 79 20 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 69 6e 67 |ed by processing| 00005850 20 61 20 73 74 6f 70 20 63 6f 64 65 20 28 25 31 | a stop code (%1| 00005860 31 31 31 29 2c 20 6f 72 20 77 68 65 6e 20 74 68 |111), or when th| 00005870 65 20 46 49 46 4f 0d 62 75 66 66 65 72 20 69 73 |e FIFO.buffer is| 00005880 20 65 6d 70 74 79 2c 20 6f 72 20 77 68 65 6e 20 | empty, or when | 00005890 74 68 65 20 53 70 65 65 63 68 20 50 72 6f 63 65 |the Speech Proce| 000058a0 73 73 6f 72 20 69 73 20 72 65 73 65 74 2e 0d 0d |ssor is reset...| 000058b0 0d 2e 73 74 61 74 75 73 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |..status. | 000058c0 20 4c 44 41 20 23 26 39 45 20 20 20 20 20 20 5c | LDA #&9E \| 000058d0 20 72 65 61 64 20 73 70 65 65 63 68 20 70 72 6f | read speech pro| 000058e0 63 65 73 73 6f 72 20 73 74 61 74 75 73 20 72 65 |cessor status re| 000058f0 67 69 73 74 65 72 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4a |gister. J| 00005900 53 52 20 6f 73 62 79 74 65 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 |SR osbyte. | 00005910 20 20 54 59 41 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | TYA | 00005920 5c 20 73 74 61 74 75 73 20 72 65 67 69 73 74 65 |\ status registe| 00005930 72 20 69 6e 20 59 20 74 72 61 6e 73 66 65 72 65 |r in Y transfere| 00005940 64 20 74 6f 20 41 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 52 |d to A. R| 00005950 4f 4c 20 41 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 5c 20 62 |OL A \ b| 00005960 69 74 20 37 20 28 74 61 6c 6b 20 73 74 61 74 75 |it 7 (talk statu| 00005970 73 29 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 63 61 72 72 79 0d 20 20 |s) into carry. | 00005980 20 20 20 20 20 20 42 43 53 20 73 74 61 74 75 73 | BCS status| 00005990 20 20 20 20 5c 20 63 61 72 72 79 20 73 65 74 20 | \ carry set | 000059a0 69 66 20 73 74 69 6c 6c 20 73 70 65 61 6b 69 6e |if still speakin| 000059b0 67 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 52 54 53 20 20 20 |g. RTS | 000059c0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 5c 20 72 65 74 75 72 6e | \ return| 000059d0 20 77 68 65 6e 20 73 70 65 65 63 68 20 68 61 6c | when speech hal| 000059e0 74 65 64 0d 0d 0d 59 6f 75 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 6e |ted...You will n| 000059f0 65 65 64 20 74 6f 20 75 6e 64 65 72 73 74 61 6e |eed to understan| 00005a00 64 20 61 6e 64 20 75 73 65 20 61 6c 6c 20 74 68 |d and use all th| 00005a10 65 20 73 70 65 65 63 68 20 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 |e speech process| 00005a20 6f 72 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 73 20 69 6e 0d 74 |or commands in.t| 00005a30 68 65 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 69 6e 67 20 6d 6f 64 |he following mod| 00005a40 75 6c 65 73 20 6f 66 20 74 68 69 73 20 73 65 72 |ules of this ser| 00005a50 69 65 73 2e 0d |ies..| 00005a55
08-10-88/T\SPK01.m0
08-10-88/T\SPK01.m1
08-10-88/T\SPK01.m2
08-10-88/T\SPK01.m4
08-10-88/T\SPK01.m5
.