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05-08-88/ALG-UG
This website contains an archive of files for the Acorn Electron, BBC Micro, Acorn Archimedes, Commodore 16 and Commodore 64 computers, which Dominic Ford has rescued from his private collection of floppy disks and cassettes.
Some of these files were originally commercial releases in the 1980s and 1990s, but they are now widely available online. I assume that copyright over them is no longer being asserted. If you own the copyright and would like files to be removed, please contact me.
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Duplicates
There is 1 duplicate copy of this file in the archive:
- CEEFAX disks » telesoftware12.adl » 04-02-89/AlgInfo
- CEEFAX disks » telesoftware8.adl » 05-08-88/ALG-UG
File contents
Foreword
I conceived the idea of 'alGINOn' and began its development
some time ago, when I realised that I was spending (wasting) a
large proportion of my time developing new graph plotting
routines for every new program I produced which required these
facilities.
'alGINOn' has grown from this realisation and has proved
to be a great timesaver for me in the development of new graph
drawing programs for specific situations, despite the amount of
time I had to spend in developing the routines such that they
would be generally applicable to these situations. The routines
have proved to be fairly robust and of a sufficiently general
nature that I have decided to release them for others to make use
of.
'alGINOn' is not in itself a program, it is only a set of
routines which when called in the appropriate way will cause
graphs to be drawn. The features available are not terribly
sophisticated and are not intended to be exhaustive. 'alGINOn' is
simply a set of routines which may be tailored by the user to
their particular needs without too much difficulty.
You will find the routines to be fairly well structured and
hopefully relatively easy to understand. This was a fairly high
priority when I decided to develop them for general use. You
will undoubtedly improve on the routines when you get used to
them. I would be particularly grateful for any ideas for
improvements which you may think of especially if they would be
of general interest to other users.
N.B.
The routines as they stand produce output to the screen, though
they were originally intended for use with an X-Y plotter, and are
easily converted to work with any graphics output device.
A screen dump utility is provided, if required this must be
provided by the user.
What is alGINOn ?
'alGINOn' is a set of functions and procedures which have been
written for the BBC microcomputer and which, it is hoped will be
able to provide any program written in BBC BASIC with the
ability to create drawings of graphs on any available graphics
output device, with minimal levels of programing expenditure.
The routines themselves are written in BASIC and though not
very sophisticated, do enable graphs of experimental data and/or
mathematical functions to be plotted with a minimal amount of
additional programing.
'alGINOn' includes features which :
i) Define the space in which plotting may occur;
ii) Draw straight lines, crossed points and mathematical
functions;
iii) Draw Cartesian axes;
iv) Print characters and numbers;
v) Calculate and plot best fit lines.
The section which follows should introduce the newcomer to the
concepts of 'alGINOn', by showing some examples of the use of the
various routines.
Some simple Examples
****************************************************************
* All of the example programs in this section are contained *
* on the disc in directory 'E' and the relevant one should be *
* detailed in the text. *
****************************************************************
'alGINOn' can operate at two levels :
i) It can plot data about which the user knows something
ii) It can examine and plot data in a file on disc on its own.
take the first of these:
The user wishes to plot the functions y=sin x & y=tan x
in the range -1 to +1 on X and -1 to +1 on Y
Such that the graphs fill the screen.
The following statements would cause this to be done
MODE 4
PROCgstart
PROCscale(1)
PROCplot(1,"SIN(X)")
PROCplot(1,"TAN(X)")
PROCgstop
in this example, (E.EX1) the default values of the scale and
graph size were appropriate.
N.B. the screen mode to be used is user specified. Mode 0 is
sometimes usable on a standard BBC, though the NO ROOM error is
frequently encountered. Mode 4 will certainly work. NO problem
should be encountered on a BBC master where Shadow RAM may be
used.
Suppose, however, that a graph from -360 to 360 on X and -1 to +1
on Y was to be plotted. This could be done with the additional
use of the procedure: PROCsca(default,Xsmi,Xsma,sx,Ysmi,Ysma,sy)
Here, the default values are not required, thus the value FALSE
should be sent. This now requires all the parameters to be set by
the user.
A tick mark spacing of 40 on X and 0.1 on Y would be appropriate.
Thus a call :
PROCsca(FALSE,-360,360,40,-1,1,0.1)
could be used, it should be inserted after the call to
PROCgstart, and before a call to PROCscale.
Now, the position of the axes could be altered, in a similar way,
by a call to PROCpos. If output to the screen is required,
X should range from 0 to 1279 and Y from 0 to 1023.
Example E.EX4 shows the error recovery routine of PROCerror in
action, as a graph of y=1/x is being plotted.
An example of the second type of use is where the user either has
a set of data he wishes to plot or has a function he knows little
about.
A set of expermiental data may be written to disc by the user in
one of two ways.
i) use the archiving program STAT1 which is on the disc or
ii) use the routines PROCfile and PROCdata in your own
program.
eg., E.EX2
PROCfile(TRUE,"TFILE")
FOR PAIR%=20 TO 1 STEP -1
PROCdata(PAIR%,PAIR%-1,(PAIR%-1)^2,TRUE,"","")
NEXT PAIR%
PROCfile(FALSE,"")
this will produce a file on disc containing 20 pairs of data
for the graph y=x^2.
Let us treat this file as a set of experimental data, and use the
other routines to choose an appropriate scale and to plot the
square root of the Y data against the X values, to calculate and
plot the line of best fit.
PROCgstart E.EX3
PROCAutoScales("TFILE","X","SQR(Y)")
PROCscale(1)
PROCDrawfile("TFILE",1,"X","SQR(Y)",TRUE)
PROCbestfit("TFILE","X","SQR(Y)")
PROCplot(1,"m*X+c)
PROCgstop
Adding the routines to a program
The 'alGINOn' routines are supplied in the form of an ASCII file
on disc, and may be added on to the end of a user program.
This is done by the command :
*EXEC alGINOn
The routines will be added to the user program starting at line
10000. The total size of the routines is approximately 4k.
Not all of the routines may be used by the user, in which case,
the redundant ones may be deleted.
STAT1
'STAT1' is a simple program which may be used to produce and/or
edit 'alGINOn' disc based data files.
The file to be set up or edited is asked for by the program
at the beginning. This name should be no longer than that
allowed by the resident disc filing system.
If you are about to edit an existing file, 'STAT1' will ask which
pair of data you wish to start with. ([return] = 0)
Once in the editing screen, the five pairs of data either side of
the current pair are shown. The current pair is shown by a '>'
symbol. To change pairs, use the 'up' and 'down' cursor keys to
move up or down the screen.
To alter a particular pair, press the 'left' cursor key. You will
then have to enter the two new values for that pair of data.
When you have finished a particular session, press the 'TAB' key,
which will ensure that all data is saved to disk.
Uniplot
The 'precursor' to 'alGINOn' is also supplied on the disc in
directory 'U' it is a fairly well annotated set of routines which
are limited to plotting mathematical functions. It retains some
features which enabled it to work with the Parfitt plotter.
Though it is very similar to 'alGINOn', it is not identical by
any means. It may be of use in circumstances of severe memory
shortage, it should be noted that I don't intend to support these
routines in any way.
'A list of Global Variables'
X and Y : are used to contain the current pair of X and Y data
that have been read from disc by PROCdata.
total : the number of pairs of data in the current disc file.
L% : the line to which control will return after error
recovery.
Xtmax :
Xtmin : the dimensions of the graph as plotted in terms
Ytmax : of the device being used for plotting.
Ytmin :
xsl : the length of the tick marks, in terms of the
ysl : plotting device.
Pry : the length (range) of the scales in terms of
Prx : the plotting device.
Xsmin :
Xsmax : the dimensions of the graph in terms of the
Ysmin : scale chosen.
Ysmax :
stx : the gap between tick marks in terms of the scale.
sty :
Sry : the length (range) of the scales, in terms of the
Srx : scales.
X0 : the position of the x=0 and y=0 lines in terms of the
Y0 : plotting device
Xsmin2 : alternative to Xsmin used in error recovery.
m : statistical quantities related to the current disc
c : file.
r : see PROCbestfit
The Routines...
PROCfile(open,name$)
This procedure is used to set up, open for reading or for writing
and to close a random access disc file.
The argument 'open' is simply used to specify whether the file
specified by the string 'name$' should be OPENED or CLOSED
depending on whether its value is TRUE or FALSE respectively. The
length of 'name$' should be no more than that allowed by the
current version of the disc filing system. No error checking is
performed on this point. If 'open' is TRUE, a file is created
and opened for reading or writing if it doesn't already exist.
Otherwise, the existing file is simply opened for reading or
writing. When closing a file with 'open' = FALSE, the specific
file name need not be specified, as all files are closed.
10000 DEF PROCfile(open,name$)
10010 IF NOT open THEN PTR#E%=0
: PRINT#E%,total
: CLOSE#0
: ENDPROC
10020 CLOSE#0
10030 E%=OPENIN(name$)
10040 IF E%=0 CLOSE#0
: E%=OPENOUT(name$)
: CLOSE#0
: E%=OPENIN(name$)
: total=1
: PRINT#E%,total,E%,E%
: ENDPROC
10050 IF E%<>0 INPUT#E%,total
10060 ENDPROC
PROCdata(pair,x,y,write,alterX$,alterY$)
This procedure is used to read or write data to or from a file
previously opened by PROCfile.
Data is stored on the disc simply as pairs of real variables, one
pair after another. The first value stored in a file is the
total number of pairs of data in that file, thereafter, follows
the data. To WRITE data to a file, one must specify which pair of
data is to be written, and the two values to be written, that
which should appear on the X axis should be the first number and
should be written as the 'x' argument etc. The value of 'write'
should be TRUE. N.B. 'PAIR' should be an integer greater than
zero. The strings alterX$ AND alterY$ are not used, but must be
sent. eg.,
PROCdata(1,8,16,TRUE,"","")
Would write the first pair of data as (8,16)
When data is read, the data are returned in the Global variables
X and Y. The 'pair' must be specified, 'x' and 'y' are not used,
but a value must be sent. 'write' should be FALSE and 'alterX$'
and 'altery$' must be sent.
These latter two variables may be used to change the returned
value of X and Y. eg, if alterX$="SIN(X)" then the returned value
X would be the sine of the value stored on the disc. If no change
is required, alterX$ should be equal to "X" and alterY$ to "Y".
When the routine is used to write calculated data, the data should
be written in reverse order. ie., the highest value of pair
should be written first. This ensures that sufficient space is
initialised on the disc.
10070 DEF PROCdata(pair,x,y,write,alterX$,alterY$)
10080 LOCAL Z%,xn
10090 IF pair<1 THEN PROCfile(FALSE,"")
: PRINT "ERROR PAIR < 1"
: END
10100 IF pair>total THEN PTR#E%=12*total-6
: INPUT#E%,Z%,Z%
: FOR Z%=total+1 TO pair
: PRINT#E%,Z%,Z%
: NEXT
10110 PTR#E%=12*pair-6
10120 IF write THEN PRINT#E%,x,y ELSE INPUT#E%,X,Y
10130 IF pair>total THEN total=pair
10140 IF NOT write xn=EVAL(alterX$)
: Y=EVAL(alterY$)
: X=xn
10150 ENDPROC
PROCgstart
This procedure is used to initialise the graph drawing routines.
It closes all open files, clears the graphics screen, sets the
drawing area and the scale to their defaults and setsup the error
checking routine.
It should be used at the start of the graphics section of any
program using the ALGINON routines.
10160 DEF PROCgstart
10170 CLG
10180 PROCpos(TRUE,0,0,0,0,0,0)
10190 PROCsca(TRUE,0,0,0,0,0,0)
10200 CLOSE#0
10210 ON ERROR PROCerror
: GOTO L%
10220 L%=0
10230 ENDPROC
PROCgstop
This procedure should be used at the end of the calls to the
graph drawing routines. It simply closes any open files.
10240 DEF PROCgstop
10250 CLOSE#0
10260 ENDPROC
PROCpos(default,Xtmi,Xtma,xs,Ytmi,Ytma,ys)
This procedure sets up the available drawing area.
Xtmi & Xtma are the minimum and maximum X values of the area
inside which graph plotting will occur. The defaults are 15 and
1279 'xs' is the length of the tick marks. These are plotted
outside of the area specified by Xtmi & Xtma. Thus to ensure they
are actually plotted, Xtmi should always be larger than xs. The
default is 15
Defaults for the Y axis are 15,1023 and 15
If default = TRUE , then the default values are set, otherwise
the values specified by the arguments are used.
10270 DEF PROCpos(default,Xtmi,Xtma,xs,Ytmi,Ytma,ys)
10280 IF default THEN Xtmin=15
: Xtmax=1279
: xsl=15
: Ytmin=15
: Ytmax=1023
: ysl=15
10290 IF NOT default THEN Xtmin=Xtmi
: Xtmax=Xtma
: xsl=xs
: Ytmin=Ytmi
: Ytmax=Ytma
: ysl=ys
10300 Pry=Ytmax-Ytmin
10310 Prx=Xtmax-Xtmin
10320 ENDPROC
PROCsca(default,Xsmi,Xsma,sx,Ysmi,Ysma,sy)
The syntax of this procedure is similar to that of PROCpos. This
procedure is used to set the minimum and maximum scale values and
the distance between tick marks.
The defaults are for a graph with axes from -1 to 1 and tick
marks with a spacing of 0.1
10330 DEF PROCsca(default,Xsmi,Xsma,sx,Ysmi,Ysma,sy)
10340 IF default THEN Xsmin=-1
: Xsmax=1
: stx=0.1
: Ysmin=-1
: Ysmax=1
: sty=0.1
10350 IF NOT default THEN Xsmin=Xsmi
: Xsmax=Xsma
: stx=sx
: Ysmin=Ysmi
: Ysmax=Ysma
: sty=sy
10360 PROCscalevars
10370 ENDPROC
PROCAutoScales(name$,alterX$,alterY$)
This procedure is used to read through the named file, and having
altered the X and Y values as specified, to determine appropriate
values for the scale.
10380 DEF PROCAutoScales(name$,alterX$,alterY$)
10390 LOCAL RangeX,RangeY,Pwx%,Pwy%,X%
10400 PROCfile(TRUE,name$)
10410 PROCdata(1,0,0,FALSE,alterX$,alterY$)
10420 Xsmax=X
: Xsmin=X
10430 Ysmin=Y
: Ysmax=Y
10440 FOR X%=2 TO total
10450 PROCdata(X%,0,0,FALSE,alterX$,alterY$)
10460 IF X>Xsmax THEN Xsmax=X
10470 IF X<Xsmin THEN Xsmin=X
10480 IF Y>Ysmax THEN Ysmax=Y
10490 IF Y<Ysmin THEN Ysmin=Y
10500 NEXT X%
10510 RangeX=Xsmax-Xsmin
10520 RangeY=Ysmax-Ysmin
10530 Pwx%=FNpower(RangeX)
10540 Pwy%=FNpower(RangeY)
10550 Xsmax=(INT(Xsmax/10^Pwx%+1))*10^Pwx%
10560 Xsmin=(INT(Xsmin/10^Pwx%))*10^Pwx%
10570 Ysmax=(INT(Ysmax/10^Pwy%+1))*10^Pwy%
10580 Ysmin=(INT(Ysmin/10^Pwy%))*10^Pwy%
10590 stx=FNstepsize(Xsmax-Xsmin)
10600 sty=FNstepsize(Ysmax-Ysmin)
10610 PROCscalevars
10620 ENDPROC
FNpower(number)
This function will return the power of ten to which a given
number is raised.
10630 DEF FNpower(number)
10640 =INT(LOG(number))
FNstepsize(range)
This function will return an appropriate spacing for tick marks
on an axis of given range.
10650 DEF FNstepsize(range)
10660 LOCAL power%
10670 power%=FNpower(range)
10680 range=range/10^power%
10690 IF range<=3 THEN =2*10^(power%-1)
10700 IF range>3 AND range<7 THEN =5*10^(power%-1)
10710 =1*10^power%
PROCscalevars
This procedure is used to set up a number of variables used
within the graph drawing routines. X0 and Y0 are the positions of
the lines X=0 and Y=0 (on the scale) on the screen.
10720 DEF PROCscalevars
10730 Sry=Ysmax-Ysmin
10740 Y0=Ytmax-Pry*Ysmax/Sry
10750 Srx=Xsmax-Xsmin
10760 X0=Xtmax-Prx*Xsmax/Srx
10770 Xsmin2=Xsmin
10780 ENDPROC
PROCDrawfile(name$,_p_en,alterX$,alterY$,crosses)
This procedure will read the data from a named file, alter it as
specified and plot it as either joined lines or crosses in the
specified pen colour.
Crosses are plotted if 'crosses' = TRUE
10790 DEF PROCDrawfile(name$,pen,alterX$,alterY$,crosses)
10800 LOCAL PEN,X%,P
10810 PROCfile(TRUE,name$)
10820 FOR X%=1 TO total
10830 PROCdata(X%,0,0,FALSE,alterX$,alterY$)
10840 Y=FNy(Y)
: X=FNx(X)
10850 IF X%=1 THEN PEN=0 ELSE PEN=pen
10860 IF NOT crosses THEN PROCdraw(X,Y,PEN)
: GOTO10950
10870 P=0
10880 PROCdraw(X-10,Y,P)
10890 P=pen
10900 PROCdraw(X+10,Y,P)
10910 P=0
10920 PROCdraw(X,Y-10,P)
10930 P=pen
10940 PROCdraw(X,Y+10,P)
10950 NEXT X%
10960 PROCfile(FALSE,name$)
10970 ENDPROC
PROCdraw(x,y,pen)
This procedure is the one which is used by the various routines
to draw lines on the screen. All routines use this procedure, so
this is the one to alter if a plotter needs to be driven.
10980 DEF PROCdraw(x,y,pen)
10990 IF pen=0 MOVE x,y ELSE GCOL0,pen
: DRAWx,y
11000 ENDPROC
FNx(X) and FNy(Y)
These two functions return the screen position of the
corresponding scale position sent in the argument.
11010 DEF FNx(X)
11020 =(Prx/Srx)*X+X0
11030 DEF FNy(Y)
11040 =(Pry/Sry)*Y+Y0
PROCscale(pen)
This procedure will draw a scale in the specified pen colour
using the position and scale values previously specified by the
procedures:
PROCpos
or PROCsca
PROCAutoScales
11050 DEF PROCscale(pen)
11060 LOCAL X,X2,Y,Y2,P
11070 IF Y0>Ytmax THEN Y2=Ytmax
: GOTO11120
11080 IF Y0<Ytmin THEN Y2=Ytmin
: GOTO11120
11090 Y2=Y0
11100 X=Xtmin
: Y=Y2
: P=0
: PROCdraw(X,Y,P)
11110 X=Xtmax
: P=pen
: PROCdraw(X,Y,P)
11120 IF X0>Xtmax THEN X2=Xtmax
: GOTO11170
11130 IF X0<Xtmin THEN X2=Xtmin
: GOTO11170
11140 X2=X0
11150 X=X2
: Y=Ytmin
: P=0
: PROCdraw(X,Y,P)
11160 Y=Ytmax
: P=pen
: PROCdraw(X,Y,P)
11170 FOR X=Xsmax TO Xsmin STEP -1*stx
11180 x1=FNx(X)
: Y=Y2
: P=0
11190 PROCdraw(x1,Y,P)
: IF X=0 THEN P=0 ELSE P=pen
11200 Y=Y2-xsl
: PROCdraw(x1,Y,P)
11210 NEXT X
11220 FOR Y=Ysmin TO Ysmax STEP sty
11230 y1=FNy(Y)
: X=X2
: P=0
11240 PROCdraw(X,y1,P)
: IF Y=0 THEN P=0 ELSE P=pen
11250 X=X2-ysl
: PROCdraw(X,y1,P)
11260 NEXT Y
11270 ENDPROC
PROCplot(pen,equ$)
This procedure will draw within the previously set scale ranges
the function specified in 'equ$' in the specified pen colour.
eg.,
PROCplot(1,"SIN(X)")
will plot the function y=sin x in colour 1
N.B. The variable L% should be set to be equal to the line
number of the line following a call to PROCplot if errors are
likely eg if plotting a function where division by zero may
occur, such as y=1/x --see PROCerror
11280 DEF PROCplot(pen,equ$)
11290 LOCAL X,y1,y2,P
11300 y2=2
11310 FOR X=Xsmin2 TO Xsmax STEP Srx/Prx*10
11320 Y=FNy(EVAL(equ$))
11330 IF Y>Ytmax OR Y<Ytmin THEN y1=FALSE
: y2=2 ELSE y1=TRUE
: y2=y2-1
11340 IF y1=FALSE THEN P=0
: Y=Ytmin
11350 IFy2>0 P=0 ELSE P=pen
11360 PROCdraw(FNx(X),Y,P)
11370 NEXT X
: P=0
: PROCdraw(FNx(X),Y,P)
11380 ENDPROC
PROCstring(x,y,string$)
This procedure will print the string specified on the graph at
the SCALE position (x,y) .
11390 DEF PROCstring(x,y,string$)
11400 MOVE FNx(x),FNy(y)
11410 VDU5
11420 PRINT string$
11430 VDU4
11440 ENDPROC
PROCerror
This procedure will handle DIVISION BY ZERO and TOO BIG errors
generated by functions being plotted by PROCplot. After the
function has finished being plotted, execution will return to the
line specified by the variable L%. If L% is unset, then the
error recovery routine will halt the program as it will if any
other error is detected. The value tested for in line 11470 ie.,
ERL<> [a number]
Should be the line number of the first line of the function
FNy(Y).
11450 DEF PROCerror
11460 IF ERR<>18 AND ERR<>20 THEN 11510
11470 IF ERL<>11030 OR L%=0 THEN 11510
11480 Xsmin2=X+(Srx/Prx)
11490 PROCplot(pen,equ$)
11500 ENDPROC
11510 CLS
: PRINT '"EXECUTION HALTED, there is an error"
11520 @%=0
: PRINT'"at line "ERL" It is : -"'
11530 REPORT
11540 PRINT ''"Please record how you 'crashed' the"
11550 PRINT "program and contact the author."
11560 PROCgstop
: STOP
PROCbestfit(name$,alterX$,alterY$)
This procedure will read through a named file and having altered
the X and Y values as specified, will calculate the equation of
the bestfit line and the correlation coefficient of the two pairs
of data.
Gradient is returned in the Global variable : m
intercept on Y in : c
correlation coefficient in : r
11570 DEF PROCbestfit(name$,alterX$,alterY$)
11580 LOCAL sigX,sigY,sigXY,sigX2,sigY2,top,base,X%
11590 PROCfile(TRUE,name$)
11620 FOR X%=1 TO total
11630 PROCdata(X%,0,0,FALSE,alterX$,alterY$)
11680 sigX=sigX+X
11690 sigY=sigY+Y
11700 sigXY=sigXY+X*Y
11710 sigX2=sigX2+X^2
11720 sigY2=sigY2+Y^2
11730 NEXT X%
11740 PROCfile(FALSE,name$)
11750 m=(sigXY-(sigX*sigY/(total)))/(sigX2-sigX^2/(total))
11760 c=sigY/(total)-m*sigX/(total)
11761 top=(total)*sigXY-sigX*sigY
11762 base=SQR(((total)*sigX2-sigX^2)*((total)*sigY2-sigY^2))
11763 r=top/base
11770 ENDPROC
INDEX
Adding the routines to a program 4
E.EX1 2
E.EX2 3
E.EX3 4
E.EX4 3
FNpower(number) 10
FNstepsize(range) 10
FNx(X) 11
FNy(Y) 11
Foreword 1
Global Variables 5
PROCAutoScales(name$,alterX$,alterY$) 9
PROCbestfit(name$,alterX$,alterY$) 14
PROCdata(pair,x,y,write,alterX$,alterY$) 6
PROCDrawfile(name$,pen,alterX$,alterY$,crosses) 11
PROCdraw(x,y,pen) 11
PROCerror 13
PROCfile(open,name$) 6
PROCgstart 7
PROCgstop 8
PROCplot(pen,equ$) 13
PROCpos(default,Xtmi,Xtma,xs,Ytmi,Ytma,ys) 8
PROCscalevars 10
PROCscale(pen) 12
PROCsca(default,Xsmi,Xsma,sx,Ysmi,Ysma,sy) 9
PROCstring(x,y,string$) 13
Some simple Examples 2
STAT1 4
Uniplot 4
What is alGINOn ? 2
00000000 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00000010 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 46 6f 72 65 | Fore|
00000020 77 6f 72 64 0d 0d 49 20 63 6f 6e 63 65 69 76 65 |word..I conceive|
00000030 64 20 74 68 65 20 69 64 65 61 20 6f 66 20 27 61 |d the idea of 'a|
00000040 6c 47 49 4e 4f 6e 27 20 61 6e 64 20 62 65 67 61 |lGINOn' and bega|
00000050 6e 20 69 74 73 20 64 65 76 65 6c 6f 70 6d 65 6e |n its developmen|
00000060 74 0d 73 6f 6d 65 20 74 69 6d 65 20 61 67 6f 2c |t.some time ago,|
00000070 20 77 68 65 6e 20 49 20 72 65 61 6c 69 73 65 64 | when I realised|
00000080 20 74 68 61 74 20 49 20 77 61 73 20 73 70 65 6e | that I was spen|
00000090 64 69 6e 67 20 28 77 61 73 74 69 6e 67 29 20 61 |ding (wasting) a|
000000a0 0d 6c 61 72 67 65 20 70 72 6f 70 6f 72 74 69 6f |.large proportio|
000000b0 6e 20 6f 66 20 6d 79 20 74 69 6d 65 20 64 65 76 |n of my time dev|
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000021f0 32 20 20 20 20 3a 20 61 6c 74 65 72 6e 61 74 69 |2 : alternati|
00002200 76 65 20 74 6f 20 58 73 6d 69 6e 20 75 73 65 64 |ve to Xsmin used|
00002210 20 69 6e 20 65 72 72 6f 72 20 72 65 63 6f 76 65 | in error recove|
00002220 72 79 2e 0d 0d 6d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a |ry...m :|
00002230 20 73 74 61 74 69 73 74 69 63 61 6c 20 71 75 61 | statistical qua|
00002240 6e 74 69 74 69 65 73 20 72 65 6c 61 74 65 64 20 |ntities related |
00002250 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 63 75 72 72 65 6e 74 20 64 |to the current d|
00002260 69 73 63 0d 63 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 |isc.c : |
00002270 66 69 6c 65 2e 20 20 0d 72 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |file. .r |
00002280 20 20 3a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 73 65 65 20 50 | : see P|
00002290 52 4f 43 62 65 73 74 66 69 74 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 |ROCbestfit.. |
000022a0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
000022b0 20 20 20 20 20 54 68 65 20 52 6f 75 74 69 6e 65 | The Routine|
000022c0 73 2e 2e 2e 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |s.... |
000022d0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 50 52 4f 43 66 | PROCf|
000022e0 69 6c 65 28 6f 70 65 6e 2c 6e 61 6d 65 24 29 0d |ile(open,name$).|
000022f0 0d 54 68 69 73 20 70 72 6f 63 65 64 75 72 65 20 |.This procedure |
00002300 69 73 20 75 73 65 64 20 74 6f 20 73 65 74 20 75 |is used to set u|
00002310 70 2c 20 6f 70 65 6e 20 66 6f 72 20 72 65 61 64 |p, open for read|
00002320 69 6e 67 20 6f 72 20 66 6f 72 20 77 72 69 74 69 |ing or for writi|
00002330 6e 67 0d 61 6e 64 20 74 6f 20 63 6c 6f 73 65 20 |ng.and to close |
00002340 61 20 72 61 6e 64 6f 6d 20 61 63 63 65 73 73 20 |a random access |
00002350 64 69 73 63 20 66 69 6c 65 2e 0d 0d 54 68 65 20 |disc file...The |
00002360 61 72 67 75 6d 65 6e 74 20 20 27 6f 70 65 6e 27 |argument 'open'|
00002370 20 20 69 73 20 73 69 6d 70 6c 79 20 75 73 65 64 | is simply used|
00002380 20 74 6f 20 73 70 65 63 69 66 79 20 77 68 65 74 | to specify whet|
00002390 68 65 72 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 6c 65 0d 73 70 65 |her the file.spe|
000023a0 63 69 66 69 65 64 20 62 79 20 74 68 65 20 73 74 |cified by the st|
000023b0 72 69 6e 67 20 27 6e 61 6d 65 24 27 20 73 68 6f |ring 'name$' sho|
000023c0 75 6c 64 20 62 65 20 4f 50 45 4e 45 44 20 6f 72 |uld be OPENED or|
000023d0 20 43 4c 4f 53 45 44 0d 64 65 70 65 6e 64 69 6e | CLOSED.dependin|
000023e0 67 20 6f 6e 20 77 68 65 74 68 65 72 20 69 74 73 |g on whether its|
000023f0 20 76 61 6c 75 65 20 69 73 20 54 52 55 45 20 6f | value is TRUE o|
00002400 72 20 46 41 4c 53 45 20 72 65 73 70 65 63 74 69 |r FALSE respecti|
00002410 76 65 6c 79 2e 20 54 68 65 0d 6c 65 6e 67 74 68 |vely. The.length|
00002420 20 6f 66 20 27 6e 61 6d 65 24 27 20 73 68 6f 75 | of 'name$' shou|
00002430 6c 64 20 62 65 20 6e 6f 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 74 68 |ld be no more th|
00002440 61 6e 20 74 68 61 74 20 61 6c 6c 6f 77 65 64 20 |an that allowed |
00002450 62 79 20 74 68 65 0d 63 75 72 72 65 6e 74 20 76 |by the.current v|
00002460 65 72 73 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 64 69 |ersion of the di|
00002470 73 63 20 66 69 6c 69 6e 67 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d |sc filing system|
00002480 2e 20 20 4e 6f 20 65 72 72 6f 72 20 63 68 65 63 |. No error chec|
00002490 6b 69 6e 67 20 69 73 0d 70 65 72 66 6f 72 6d 65 |king is.performe|
000024a0 64 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 69 73 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 2e |d on this point.|
000024b0 20 20 20 49 66 20 27 6f 70 65 6e 27 20 69 73 20 | If 'open' is |
000024c0 54 52 55 45 2c 20 61 20 66 69 6c 65 20 69 73 20 |TRUE, a file is |
000024d0 63 72 65 61 74 65 64 0d 61 6e 64 20 6f 70 65 6e |created.and open|
000024e0 65 64 20 66 6f 72 20 72 65 61 64 69 6e 67 20 6f |ed for reading o|
000024f0 72 20 77 72 69 74 69 6e 67 20 69 66 20 69 74 20 |r writing if it |
00002500 64 6f 65 73 6e 27 74 20 61 6c 72 65 61 64 79 20 |doesn't already |
00002510 65 78 69 73 74 2e 0d 4f 74 68 65 72 77 69 73 65 |exist..Otherwise|
00002520 2c 20 74 68 65 20 65 78 69 73 74 69 6e 67 20 66 |, the existing f|
00002530 69 6c 65 20 69 73 20 73 69 6d 70 6c 79 20 6f 70 |ile is simply op|
00002540 65 6e 65 64 20 66 6f 72 20 72 65 61 64 69 6e 67 |ened for reading|
00002550 20 6f 72 0d 77 72 69 74 69 6e 67 2e 20 57 68 65 | or.writing. Whe|
00002560 6e 20 63 6c 6f 73 69 6e 67 20 61 20 66 69 6c 65 |n closing a file|
00002570 20 77 69 74 68 20 27 6f 70 65 6e 27 20 3d 20 46 | with 'open' = F|
00002580 41 4c 53 45 2c 20 74 68 65 20 73 70 65 63 69 66 |ALSE, the specif|
00002590 69 63 0d 66 69 6c 65 20 6e 61 6d 65 20 6e 65 65 |ic.file name nee|
000025a0 64 20 6e 6f 74 20 62 65 20 73 70 65 63 69 66 69 |d not be specifi|
000025b0 65 64 2c 20 61 73 20 61 6c 6c 20 66 69 6c 65 73 |ed, as all files|
000025c0 20 61 72 65 20 63 6c 6f 73 65 64 2e 20 20 0d 0d | are closed. ..|
000025d0 31 30 30 30 30 20 44 45 46 20 50 52 4f 43 66 69 |10000 DEF PROCfi|
000025e0 6c 65 28 6f 70 65 6e 2c 6e 61 6d 65 24 29 0d 31 |le(open,name$).1|
000025f0 30 30 31 30 20 49 46 20 4e 4f 54 20 6f 70 65 6e |0010 IF NOT open|
00002600 20 54 48 45 4e 20 50 54 52 23 45 25 3d 30 20 20 | THEN PTR#E%=0 |
00002610 20 20 20 20 20 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 50 | . : P|
00002620 52 49 4e 54 23 45 25 2c 74 6f 74 61 6c 0d 20 20 |RINT#E%,total. |
00002630 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 43 4c 4f 53 45 23 30 0d 20 | : CLOSE#0. |
00002640 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 45 4e 44 50 52 4f 43 0d | : ENDPROC.|
00002650 31 30 30 32 30 20 43 4c 4f 53 45 23 30 0d 31 30 |10020 CLOSE#0.10|
00002660 30 33 30 20 45 25 3d 4f 50 45 4e 49 4e 28 6e 61 |030 E%=OPENIN(na|
00002670 6d 65 24 29 0d 31 30 30 34 30 20 49 46 20 45 25 |me$).10040 IF E%|
00002680 3d 30 20 43 4c 4f 53 45 23 30 0d 20 20 20 20 20 |=0 CLOSE#0. |
00002690 20 20 3a 20 45 25 3d 4f 50 45 4e 4f 55 54 28 6e | : E%=OPENOUT(n|
000026a0 61 6d 65 24 29 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 43 |ame$). : C|
000026b0 4c 4f 53 45 23 30 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 |LOSE#0. : |
000026c0 45 25 3d 4f 50 45 4e 49 4e 28 6e 61 6d 65 24 29 |E%=OPENIN(name$)|
000026d0 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 74 6f 74 61 6c 3d |. : total=|
000026e0 31 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 50 52 49 4e 54 |1. : PRINT|
000026f0 23 45 25 2c 74 6f 74 61 6c 2c 45 25 2c 45 25 0d |#E%,total,E%,E%.|
00002700 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 45 4e 44 50 52 4f 43 | : ENDPROC|
00002710 0d 31 30 30 35 30 20 49 46 20 45 25 3c 3e 30 20 |.10050 IF E%<>0 |
00002720 49 4e 50 55 54 23 45 25 2c 74 6f 74 61 6c 0d 31 |INPUT#E%,total.1|
00002730 30 30 36 30 20 45 4e 44 50 52 4f 43 0d 0d 20 20 |0060 ENDPROC.. |
00002740 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 50 52 4f 43 64 61 | PROCda|
00002750 74 61 28 70 61 69 72 2c 78 2c 79 2c 77 72 69 74 |ta(pair,x,y,writ|
00002760 65 2c 61 6c 74 65 72 58 24 2c 61 6c 74 65 72 59 |e,alterX$,alterY|
00002770 24 29 0d 0d 54 68 69 73 20 70 72 6f 63 65 64 75 |$)..This procedu|
00002780 72 65 20 69 73 20 75 73 65 64 20 74 6f 20 72 65 |re is used to re|
00002790 61 64 20 6f 72 20 77 72 69 74 65 20 64 61 74 61 |ad or write data|
000027a0 20 74 6f 20 6f 72 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 61 20 66 69 | to or from a fi|
000027b0 6c 65 0d 70 72 65 76 69 6f 75 73 6c 79 20 6f 70 |le.previously op|
000027c0 65 6e 65 64 20 62 79 20 50 52 4f 43 66 69 6c 65 |ened by PROCfile|
000027d0 2e 0d 0d 44 61 74 61 20 69 73 20 73 74 6f 72 65 |...Data is store|
000027e0 64 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 64 69 73 63 20 73 69 |d on the disc si|
000027f0 6d 70 6c 79 20 61 73 20 70 61 69 72 73 20 6f 66 |mply as pairs of|
00002800 20 72 65 61 6c 20 76 61 72 69 61 62 6c 65 73 2c | real variables,|
00002810 20 6f 6e 65 0d 70 61 69 72 20 61 66 74 65 72 20 | one.pair after |
00002820 61 6e 6f 74 68 65 72 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 66 69 |another. The fi|
00002830 72 73 74 20 76 61 6c 75 65 20 73 74 6f 72 65 64 |rst value stored|
00002840 20 69 6e 20 61 20 66 69 6c 65 20 69 73 20 74 68 | in a file is th|
00002850 65 0d 74 6f 74 61 6c 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 6f |e.total number o|
00002860 66 20 70 61 69 72 73 20 6f 66 20 64 61 74 61 20 |f pairs of data |
00002870 69 6e 20 74 68 61 74 20 66 69 6c 65 2c 20 74 68 |in that file, th|
00002880 65 72 65 61 66 74 65 72 2c 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 |ereafter, follow|
00002890 73 0d 74 68 65 20 64 61 74 61 2e 20 54 6f 20 57 |s.the data. To W|
000028a0 52 49 54 45 20 64 61 74 61 20 74 6f 20 61 20 66 |RITE data to a f|
000028b0 69 6c 65 2c 20 6f 6e 65 20 6d 75 73 74 20 73 70 |ile, one must sp|
000028c0 65 63 69 66 79 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 70 61 69 72 |ecify which pair|
000028d0 20 6f 66 0d 64 61 74 61 20 69 73 20 74 6f 20 62 | of.data is to b|
000028e0 65 20 77 72 69 74 74 65 6e 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 74 |e written, and t|
000028f0 68 65 20 74 77 6f 20 76 61 6c 75 65 73 20 74 6f |he two values to|
00002900 20 62 65 20 77 72 69 74 74 65 6e 2c 20 74 68 61 | be written, tha|
00002910 74 0d 77 68 69 63 68 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 61 |t.which should a|
00002920 70 70 65 61 72 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 58 20 61 |ppear on the X a|
00002930 78 69 73 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 65 20 74 68 |xis should be th|
00002940 65 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 61 |e first number a|
00002950 6e 64 0d 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 65 20 77 72 69 |nd.should be wri|
00002960 74 74 65 6e 20 61 73 20 74 68 65 20 27 78 27 20 |tten as the 'x' |
00002970 61 72 67 75 6d 65 6e 74 20 65 74 63 2e 20 20 54 |argument etc. T|
00002980 68 65 20 76 61 6c 75 65 20 6f 66 20 27 77 72 69 |he value of 'wri|
00002990 74 65 27 0d 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 65 20 54 52 |te'.should be TR|
000029a0 55 45 2e 20 20 4e 2e 42 2e 20 27 50 41 49 52 27 |UE. N.B. 'PAIR'|
000029b0 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 65 20 61 6e 20 69 6e | should be an in|
000029c0 74 65 67 65 72 20 67 72 65 61 74 65 72 20 74 68 |teger greater th|
000029d0 61 6e 0d 7a 65 72 6f 2e 20 54 68 65 20 73 74 72 |an.zero. The str|
000029e0 69 6e 67 73 20 20 61 6c 74 65 72 58 24 20 41 4e |ings alterX$ AN|
000029f0 44 20 61 6c 74 65 72 59 24 20 20 61 72 65 20 6e |D alterY$ are n|
00002a00 6f 74 20 75 73 65 64 2c 20 62 75 74 20 6d 75 73 |ot used, but mus|
00002a10 74 20 62 65 0d 73 65 6e 74 2e 20 20 20 65 67 2e |t be.sent. eg.|
00002a20 2c 0d 0d 50 52 4f 43 64 61 74 61 28 31 2c 38 2c |,..PROCdata(1,8,|
00002a30 31 36 2c 54 52 55 45 2c 22 22 2c 22 22 29 0d 0d |16,TRUE,"","")..|
00002a40 57 6f 75 6c 64 20 77 72 69 74 65 20 74 68 65 20 |Would write the |
00002a50 66 69 72 73 74 20 70 61 69 72 20 6f 66 20 64 61 |first pair of da|
00002a60 74 61 20 61 73 20 28 38 2c 31 36 29 0d 0d 57 68 |ta as (8,16)..Wh|
00002a70 65 6e 20 64 61 74 61 20 69 73 20 72 65 61 64 2c |en data is read,|
00002a80 20 74 68 65 20 64 61 74 61 20 61 72 65 20 72 65 | the data are re|
00002a90 74 75 72 6e 65 64 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 47 6c |turned in the Gl|
00002aa0 6f 62 61 6c 20 76 61 72 69 61 62 6c 65 73 0d 58 |obal variables.X|
00002ab0 20 61 6e 64 20 59 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 27 70 61 | and Y. The 'pa|
00002ac0 69 72 27 20 6d 75 73 74 20 62 65 20 73 70 65 63 |ir' must be spec|
00002ad0 69 66 69 65 64 2c 20 27 78 27 20 61 6e 64 20 27 |ified, 'x' and '|
00002ae0 79 27 20 61 72 65 20 6e 6f 74 20 75 73 65 64 2c |y' are not used,|
00002af0 0d 62 75 74 20 61 20 76 61 6c 75 65 20 6d 75 73 |.but a value mus|
00002b00 74 20 62 65 20 73 65 6e 74 2e 20 27 77 72 69 74 |t be sent. 'writ|
00002b10 65 27 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 65 20 46 41 4c |e' should be FAL|
00002b20 53 45 20 61 6e 64 20 27 61 6c 74 65 72 58 24 27 |SE and 'alterX$'|
00002b30 0d 61 6e 64 20 27 61 6c 74 65 72 79 24 27 20 6d |.and 'altery$' m|
00002b40 75 73 74 20 62 65 20 73 65 6e 74 2e 0d 0d 54 68 |ust be sent...Th|
00002b50 65 73 65 20 6c 61 74 74 65 72 20 74 77 6f 20 76 |ese latter two v|
00002b60 61 72 69 61 62 6c 65 73 20 6d 61 79 20 62 65 20 |ariables may be |
00002b70 75 73 65 64 20 74 6f 20 63 68 61 6e 67 65 20 74 |used to change t|
00002b80 68 65 20 72 65 74 75 72 6e 65 64 0d 76 61 6c 75 |he returned.valu|
00002b90 65 20 6f 66 20 58 20 61 6e 64 20 59 2e 20 65 67 |e of X and Y. eg|
00002ba0 2c 20 69 66 20 61 6c 74 65 72 58 24 3d 22 53 49 |, if alterX$="SI|
00002bb0 4e 28 58 29 22 20 74 68 65 6e 20 74 68 65 20 72 |N(X)" then the r|
00002bc0 65 74 75 72 6e 65 64 20 76 61 6c 75 65 0d 58 20 |eturned value.X |
00002bd0 77 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 65 20 74 68 65 20 73 69 6e |would be the sin|
00002be0 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 76 61 6c 75 65 20 73 |e of the value s|
00002bf0 74 6f 72 65 64 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 64 69 73 |tored on the dis|
00002c00 63 2e 20 49 66 20 6e 6f 20 63 68 61 6e 67 65 0d |c. If no change.|
00002c10 69 73 20 72 65 71 75 69 72 65 64 2c 20 61 6c 74 |is required, alt|
00002c20 65 72 58 24 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 65 20 65 |erX$ should be e|
00002c30 71 75 61 6c 20 74 6f 20 22 58 22 20 61 6e 64 20 |qual to "X" and |
00002c40 61 6c 74 65 72 59 24 20 74 6f 20 22 59 22 2e 0d |alterY$ to "Y"..|
00002c50 0d 57 68 65 6e 20 74 68 65 20 72 6f 75 74 69 6e |.When the routin|
00002c60 65 20 69 73 20 75 73 65 64 20 74 6f 20 77 72 69 |e is used to wri|
00002c70 74 65 20 63 61 6c 63 75 6c 61 74 65 64 20 64 61 |te calculated da|
00002c80 74 61 2c 20 74 68 65 20 64 61 74 61 20 73 68 6f |ta, the data sho|
00002c90 75 6c 64 0d 62 65 20 77 72 69 74 74 65 6e 20 69 |uld.be written i|
00002ca0 6e 20 72 65 76 65 72 73 65 20 6f 72 64 65 72 2e |n reverse order.|
00002cb0 20 69 65 2e 2c 20 74 68 65 20 68 69 67 68 65 73 | ie., the highes|
00002cc0 74 20 76 61 6c 75 65 20 6f 66 20 70 61 69 72 0d |t value of pair.|
00002cd0 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 65 20 77 72 69 74 74 65 |should be writte|
00002ce0 6e 20 66 69 72 73 74 2e 20 20 54 68 69 73 20 65 |n first. This e|
00002cf0 6e 73 75 72 65 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 73 75 66 66 |nsures that suff|
00002d00 69 63 69 65 6e 74 20 73 70 61 63 65 20 69 73 0d |icient space is.|
00002d10 69 6e 69 74 69 61 6c 69 73 65 64 20 6f 6e 20 74 |initialised on t|
00002d20 68 65 20 64 69 73 63 2e 0d 0d 31 30 30 37 30 20 |he disc...10070 |
00002d30 44 45 46 20 50 52 4f 43 64 61 74 61 28 70 61 69 |DEF PROCdata(pai|
00002d40 72 2c 78 2c 79 2c 77 72 69 74 65 2c 61 6c 74 65 |r,x,y,write,alte|
00002d50 72 58 24 2c 61 6c 74 65 72 59 24 29 0d 31 30 30 |rX$,alterY$).100|
00002d60 38 30 20 4c 4f 43 41 4c 20 5a 25 2c 78 6e 0d 31 |80 LOCAL Z%,xn.1|
00002d70 30 30 39 30 20 49 46 20 70 61 69 72 3c 31 20 54 |0090 IF pair<1 T|
00002d80 48 45 4e 20 50 52 4f 43 66 69 6c 65 28 46 41 4c |HEN PROCfile(FAL|
00002d90 53 45 2c 22 22 29 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 |SE,""). : |
00002da0 50 52 49 4e 54 20 22 45 52 52 4f 52 20 50 41 49 |PRINT "ERROR PAI|
00002db0 52 20 3c 20 31 22 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 |R < 1". : |
00002dc0 45 4e 44 0d 31 30 31 30 30 20 49 46 20 70 61 69 |END.10100 IF pai|
00002dd0 72 3e 74 6f 74 61 6c 20 54 48 45 4e 20 50 54 52 |r>total THEN PTR|
00002de0 23 45 25 3d 31 32 2a 74 6f 74 61 6c 2d 36 0d 20 |#E%=12*total-6. |
00002df0 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 49 4e 50 55 54 23 45 25 | : INPUT#E%|
00002e00 2c 5a 25 2c 5a 25 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 |,Z%,Z%. : |
00002e10 46 4f 52 20 5a 25 3d 74 6f 74 61 6c 2b 31 20 54 |FOR Z%=total+1 T|
00002e20 4f 20 70 61 69 72 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 |O pair. : |
00002e30 50 52 49 4e 54 23 45 25 2c 5a 25 2c 5a 25 0d 20 |PRINT#E%,Z%,Z%. |
00002e40 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 4e 45 58 54 0d 31 30 31 | : NEXT.101|
00002e50 31 30 20 50 54 52 23 45 25 3d 31 32 2a 70 61 69 |10 PTR#E%=12*pai|
00002e60 72 2d 36 0d 31 30 31 32 30 20 49 46 20 77 72 69 |r-6.10120 IF wri|
00002e70 74 65 20 54 48 45 4e 20 50 52 49 4e 54 23 45 25 |te THEN PRINT#E%|
00002e80 2c 78 2c 79 20 45 4c 53 45 20 49 4e 50 55 54 23 |,x,y ELSE INPUT#|
00002e90 45 25 2c 58 2c 59 0d 31 30 31 33 30 20 49 46 20 |E%,X,Y.10130 IF |
00002ea0 70 61 69 72 3e 74 6f 74 61 6c 20 54 48 45 4e 20 |pair>total THEN |
00002eb0 74 6f 74 61 6c 3d 70 61 69 72 0d 31 30 31 34 30 |total=pair.10140|
00002ec0 20 49 46 20 4e 4f 54 20 77 72 69 74 65 20 78 6e | IF NOT write xn|
00002ed0 3d 45 56 41 4c 28 61 6c 74 65 72 58 24 29 0d 20 |=EVAL(alterX$). |
00002ee0 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 59 3d 45 56 41 4c 28 61 | : Y=EVAL(a|
00002ef0 6c 74 65 72 59 24 29 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a |lterY$). :|
00002f00 20 58 3d 78 6e 0d 31 30 31 35 30 20 45 4e 44 50 | X=xn.10150 ENDP|
00002f10 52 4f 43 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ROC.. |
00002f20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00002f30 50 52 4f 43 67 73 74 61 72 74 0d 0d 54 68 69 73 |PROCgstart..This|
00002f40 20 70 72 6f 63 65 64 75 72 65 20 69 73 20 75 73 | procedure is us|
00002f50 65 64 20 74 6f 20 69 6e 69 74 69 61 6c 69 73 65 |ed to initialise|
00002f60 20 74 68 65 20 67 72 61 70 68 20 64 72 61 77 69 | the graph drawi|
00002f70 6e 67 20 72 6f 75 74 69 6e 65 73 2e 0d 49 74 20 |ng routines..It |
00002f80 63 6c 6f 73 65 73 20 61 6c 6c 20 6f 70 65 6e 20 |closes all open |
00002f90 66 69 6c 65 73 2c 20 63 6c 65 61 72 73 20 74 68 |files, clears th|
00002fa0 65 20 67 72 61 70 68 69 63 73 20 73 63 72 65 65 |e graphics scree|
00002fb0 6e 2c 20 73 65 74 73 20 74 68 65 0d 64 72 61 77 |n, sets the.draw|
00002fc0 69 6e 67 20 61 72 65 61 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 |ing area and the|
00002fd0 20 73 63 61 6c 65 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 69 72 20 | scale to their |
00002fe0 64 65 66 61 75 6c 74 73 20 61 6e 64 20 73 65 74 |defaults and set|
00002ff0 73 75 70 20 74 68 65 20 65 72 72 6f 72 0d 63 68 |sup the error.ch|
00003000 65 63 6b 69 6e 67 20 72 6f 75 74 69 6e 65 2e 0d |ecking routine..|
00003010 0d 49 74 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 65 20 75 73 |.It should be us|
00003020 65 64 20 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 73 74 61 72 74 20 |ed at the start |
00003030 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 67 72 61 70 68 69 63 73 20 |of the graphics |
00003040 73 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 61 6e 79 0d 70 |section of any.p|
00003050 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 75 73 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 |rogram using the|
00003060 20 41 4c 47 49 4e 4f 4e 20 72 6f 75 74 69 6e 65 | ALGINON routine|
00003070 73 2e 0d 0d 31 30 31 36 30 20 44 45 46 20 50 52 |s...10160 DEF PR|
00003080 4f 43 67 73 74 61 72 74 0d 31 30 31 37 30 20 43 |OCgstart.10170 C|
00003090 4c 47 0d 31 30 31 38 30 20 50 52 4f 43 70 6f 73 |LG.10180 PROCpos|
000030a0 28 54 52 55 45 2c 30 2c 30 2c 30 2c 30 2c 30 2c |(TRUE,0,0,0,0,0,|
000030b0 30 29 0d 31 30 31 39 30 20 50 52 4f 43 73 63 61 |0).10190 PROCsca|
000030c0 28 54 52 55 45 2c 30 2c 30 2c 30 2c 30 2c 30 2c |(TRUE,0,0,0,0,0,|
000030d0 30 29 0d 31 30 32 30 30 20 43 4c 4f 53 45 23 30 |0).10200 CLOSE#0|
000030e0 0d 31 30 32 31 30 20 4f 4e 20 45 52 52 4f 52 20 |.10210 ON ERROR |
000030f0 50 52 4f 43 65 72 72 6f 72 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 |PROCerror. |
00003100 20 3a 20 47 4f 54 4f 20 4c 25 0d 31 30 32 32 30 | : GOTO L%.10220|
00003110 20 4c 25 3d 30 0d 31 30 32 33 30 20 45 4e 44 50 | L%=0.10230 ENDP|
00003120 52 4f 43 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ROC.. |
00003130 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00003140 20 50 52 4f 43 67 73 74 6f 70 0d 0d 54 68 69 73 | PROCgstop..This|
00003150 20 70 72 6f 63 65 64 75 72 65 20 73 68 6f 75 6c | procedure shoul|
00003160 64 20 62 65 20 75 73 65 64 20 61 74 20 74 68 65 |d be used at the|
00003170 20 65 6e 64 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 63 61 6c 6c | end of the call|
00003180 73 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 0d 67 72 61 70 68 20 64 |s to the.graph d|
00003190 72 61 77 69 6e 67 20 72 6f 75 74 69 6e 65 73 2e |rawing routines.|
000031a0 20 49 74 20 73 69 6d 70 6c 79 20 63 6c 6f 73 65 | It simply close|
000031b0 73 20 61 6e 79 20 6f 70 65 6e 20 66 69 6c 65 73 |s any open files|
000031c0 2e 0d 0d 31 30 32 34 30 20 44 45 46 20 50 52 4f |...10240 DEF PRO|
000031d0 43 67 73 74 6f 70 0d 31 30 32 35 30 20 43 4c 4f |Cgstop.10250 CLO|
000031e0 53 45 23 30 0d 31 30 32 36 30 20 45 4e 44 50 52 |SE#0.10260 ENDPR|
000031f0 4f 43 0d 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 50 52 4f 43 70 6f |OC... PROCpo|
00003200 73 28 64 65 66 61 75 6c 74 2c 58 74 6d 69 2c 58 |s(default,Xtmi,X|
00003210 74 6d 61 2c 78 73 2c 59 74 6d 69 2c 59 74 6d 61 |tma,xs,Ytmi,Ytma|
00003220 2c 79 73 29 0d 0d 54 68 69 73 20 70 72 6f 63 65 |,ys)..This proce|
00003230 64 75 72 65 20 73 65 74 73 20 75 70 20 74 68 65 |dure sets up the|
00003240 20 61 76 61 69 6c 61 62 6c 65 20 64 72 61 77 69 | available drawi|
00003250 6e 67 20 61 72 65 61 2e 0d 0d 58 74 6d 69 20 26 |ng area...Xtmi &|
00003260 20 58 74 6d 61 20 61 72 65 20 74 68 65 20 6d 69 | Xtma are the mi|
00003270 6e 69 6d 75 6d 20 61 6e 64 20 6d 61 78 69 6d 75 |nimum and maximu|
00003280 6d 20 58 20 76 61 6c 75 65 73 20 6f 66 20 74 68 |m X values of th|
00003290 65 20 61 72 65 61 0d 69 6e 73 69 64 65 20 77 68 |e area.inside wh|
000032a0 69 63 68 20 67 72 61 70 68 20 70 6c 6f 74 74 69 |ich graph plotti|
000032b0 6e 67 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 6f 63 63 75 72 2e 20 54 |ng will occur. T|
000032c0 68 65 20 64 65 66 61 75 6c 74 73 20 61 72 65 20 |he defaults are |
000032d0 31 35 20 61 6e 64 0d 31 32 37 39 20 27 78 73 27 |15 and.1279 'xs'|
000032e0 20 69 73 20 74 68 65 20 6c 65 6e 67 74 68 20 6f | is the length o|
000032f0 66 20 74 68 65 20 74 69 63 6b 20 6d 61 72 6b 73 |f the tick marks|
00003300 2e 20 54 68 65 73 65 20 61 72 65 20 70 6c 6f 74 |. These are plot|
00003310 74 65 64 0d 6f 75 74 73 69 64 65 20 6f 66 20 74 |ted.outside of t|
00003320 68 65 20 61 72 65 61 20 73 70 65 63 69 66 69 65 |he area specifie|
00003330 64 20 62 79 20 58 74 6d 69 20 26 20 58 74 6d 61 |d by Xtmi & Xtma|
00003340 2e 20 54 68 75 73 20 74 6f 20 65 6e 73 75 72 65 |. Thus to ensure|
00003350 20 74 68 65 79 0d 61 72 65 20 61 63 74 75 61 6c | they.are actual|
00003360 6c 79 20 70 6c 6f 74 74 65 64 2c 20 58 74 6d 69 |ly plotted, Xtmi|
00003370 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 61 6c 77 61 79 73 20 62 | should always b|
00003380 65 20 6c 61 72 67 65 72 20 74 68 61 6e 20 78 73 |e larger than xs|
00003390 2e 20 54 68 65 0d 64 65 66 61 75 6c 74 20 69 73 |. The.default is|
000033a0 20 31 35 0d 0d 44 65 66 61 75 6c 74 73 20 66 6f | 15..Defaults fo|
000033b0 72 20 74 68 65 20 59 20 61 78 69 73 20 61 72 65 |r the Y axis are|
000033c0 20 31 35 2c 31 30 32 33 20 61 6e 64 20 31 35 0d | 15,1023 and 15.|
000033d0 0d 49 66 20 64 65 66 61 75 6c 74 20 3d 20 54 52 |.If default = TR|
000033e0 55 45 20 2c 20 74 68 65 6e 20 74 68 65 20 64 65 |UE , then the de|
000033f0 66 61 75 6c 74 20 76 61 6c 75 65 73 20 61 72 65 |fault values are|
00003400 20 73 65 74 2c 20 6f 74 68 65 72 77 69 73 65 0d | set, otherwise.|
00003410 74 68 65 20 76 61 6c 75 65 73 20 73 70 65 63 69 |the values speci|
00003420 66 69 65 64 20 62 79 20 74 68 65 20 61 72 67 75 |fied by the argu|
00003430 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 61 72 65 20 75 73 65 64 2e 0d |ments are used..|
00003440 0d 31 30 32 37 30 20 44 45 46 20 50 52 4f 43 70 |.10270 DEF PROCp|
00003450 6f 73 28 64 65 66 61 75 6c 74 2c 58 74 6d 69 2c |os(default,Xtmi,|
00003460 58 74 6d 61 2c 78 73 2c 59 74 6d 69 2c 59 74 6d |Xtma,xs,Ytmi,Ytm|
00003470 61 2c 79 73 29 0d 31 30 32 38 30 20 49 46 20 64 |a,ys).10280 IF d|
00003480 65 66 61 75 6c 74 20 54 48 45 4e 20 58 74 6d 69 |efault THEN Xtmi|
00003490 6e 3d 31 35 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 58 74 |n=15. : Xt|
000034a0 6d 61 78 3d 31 32 37 39 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |max=1279. |
000034b0 3a 20 78 73 6c 3d 31 35 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |: xsl=15. |
000034c0 3a 20 59 74 6d 69 6e 3d 31 35 0d 20 20 20 20 20 |: Ytmin=15. |
000034d0 20 20 3a 20 59 74 6d 61 78 3d 31 30 32 33 0d 20 | : Ytmax=1023. |
000034e0 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 79 73 6c 3d 31 35 0d 31 | : ysl=15.1|
000034f0 30 32 39 30 20 49 46 20 4e 4f 54 20 64 65 66 61 |0290 IF NOT defa|
00003500 75 6c 74 20 54 48 45 4e 20 58 74 6d 69 6e 3d 58 |ult THEN Xtmin=X|
00003510 74 6d 69 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 58 74 6d |tmi. : Xtm|
00003520 61 78 3d 58 74 6d 61 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a |ax=Xtma. :|
00003530 20 78 73 6c 3d 78 73 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a | xsl=xs. :|
00003540 20 59 74 6d 69 6e 3d 59 74 6d 69 0d 20 20 20 20 | Ytmin=Ytmi. |
00003550 20 20 20 3a 20 59 74 6d 61 78 3d 59 74 6d 61 0d | : Ytmax=Ytma.|
00003560 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 79 73 6c 3d 79 73 0d | : ysl=ys.|
00003570 31 30 33 30 30 20 50 72 79 3d 59 74 6d 61 78 2d |10300 Pry=Ytmax-|
00003580 59 74 6d 69 6e 0d 31 30 33 31 30 20 50 72 78 3d |Ytmin.10310 Prx=|
00003590 58 74 6d 61 78 2d 58 74 6d 69 6e 0d 31 30 33 32 |Xtmax-Xtmin.1032|
000035a0 30 20 45 4e 44 50 52 4f 43 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 |0 ENDPROC.. |
000035b0 20 20 20 20 20 20 50 52 4f 43 73 63 61 28 64 65 | PROCsca(de|
000035c0 66 61 75 6c 74 2c 58 73 6d 69 2c 58 73 6d 61 2c |fault,Xsmi,Xsma,|
000035d0 73 78 2c 59 73 6d 69 2c 59 73 6d 61 2c 73 79 29 |sx,Ysmi,Ysma,sy)|
000035e0 0d 0d 54 68 65 20 73 79 6e 74 61 78 20 6f 66 20 |..The syntax of |
000035f0 74 68 69 73 20 70 72 6f 63 65 64 75 72 65 20 69 |this procedure i|
00003600 73 20 73 69 6d 69 6c 61 72 20 74 6f 20 74 68 61 |s similar to tha|
00003610 74 20 6f 66 20 50 52 4f 43 70 6f 73 2e 20 54 68 |t of PROCpos. Th|
00003620 69 73 0d 70 72 6f 63 65 64 75 72 65 20 69 73 20 |is.procedure is |
00003630 75 73 65 64 20 74 6f 20 73 65 74 20 74 68 65 20 |used to set the |
00003640 6d 69 6e 69 6d 75 6d 20 61 6e 64 20 6d 61 78 69 |minimum and maxi|
00003650 6d 75 6d 20 73 63 61 6c 65 20 76 61 6c 75 65 73 |mum scale values|
00003660 20 61 6e 64 0d 74 68 65 20 64 69 73 74 61 6e 63 | and.the distanc|
00003670 65 20 62 65 74 77 65 65 6e 20 74 69 63 6b 20 6d |e between tick m|
00003680 61 72 6b 73 2e 0d 0d 54 68 65 20 64 65 66 61 75 |arks...The defau|
00003690 6c 74 73 20 61 72 65 20 66 6f 72 20 61 20 67 72 |lts are for a gr|
000036a0 61 70 68 20 77 69 74 68 20 61 78 65 73 20 66 72 |aph with axes fr|
000036b0 6f 6d 20 2d 31 20 74 6f 20 31 20 61 6e 64 20 74 |om -1 to 1 and t|
000036c0 69 63 6b 0d 6d 61 72 6b 73 20 77 69 74 68 20 61 |ick.marks with a|
000036d0 20 73 70 61 63 69 6e 67 20 6f 66 20 30 2e 31 0d | spacing of 0.1.|
000036e0 0d 31 30 33 33 30 20 44 45 46 20 50 52 4f 43 73 |.10330 DEF PROCs|
000036f0 63 61 28 64 65 66 61 75 6c 74 2c 58 73 6d 69 2c |ca(default,Xsmi,|
00003700 58 73 6d 61 2c 73 78 2c 59 73 6d 69 2c 59 73 6d |Xsma,sx,Ysmi,Ysm|
00003710 61 2c 73 79 29 0d 31 30 33 34 30 20 49 46 20 64 |a,sy).10340 IF d|
00003720 65 66 61 75 6c 74 20 54 48 45 4e 20 58 73 6d 69 |efault THEN Xsmi|
00003730 6e 3d 2d 31 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 58 73 |n=-1. : Xs|
00003740 6d 61 78 3d 31 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 73 |max=1. : s|
00003750 74 78 3d 30 2e 31 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 |tx=0.1. : |
00003760 59 73 6d 69 6e 3d 2d 31 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |Ysmin=-1. |
00003770 3a 20 59 73 6d 61 78 3d 31 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 |: Ysmax=1. |
00003780 20 3a 20 73 74 79 3d 30 2e 31 0d 31 30 33 35 30 | : sty=0.1.10350|
00003790 20 49 46 20 4e 4f 54 20 64 65 66 61 75 6c 74 20 | IF NOT default |
000037a0 54 48 45 4e 20 58 73 6d 69 6e 3d 58 73 6d 69 0d |THEN Xsmin=Xsmi.|
000037b0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 58 73 6d 61 78 3d 58 | : Xsmax=X|
000037c0 73 6d 61 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 73 74 78 |sma. : stx|
000037d0 3d 73 78 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 59 73 6d |=sx. : Ysm|
000037e0 69 6e 3d 59 73 6d 69 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a |in=Ysmi. :|
000037f0 20 59 73 6d 61 78 3d 59 73 6d 61 0d 20 20 20 20 | Ysmax=Ysma. |
00003800 20 20 20 3a 20 73 74 79 3d 73 79 0d 31 30 33 36 | : sty=sy.1036|
00003810 30 20 50 52 4f 43 73 63 61 6c 65 76 61 72 73 0d |0 PROCscalevars.|
00003820 31 30 33 37 30 20 45 4e 44 50 52 4f 43 0d 0d 20 |10370 ENDPROC.. |
00003830 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 50 52 4f | PRO|
00003840 43 41 75 74 6f 53 63 61 6c 65 73 28 6e 61 6d 65 |CAutoScales(name|
00003850 24 2c 61 6c 74 65 72 58 24 2c 61 6c 74 65 72 59 |$,alterX$,alterY|
00003860 24 29 0d 0d 54 68 69 73 20 70 72 6f 63 65 64 75 |$)..This procedu|
00003870 72 65 20 69 73 20 75 73 65 64 20 74 6f 20 72 65 |re is used to re|
00003880 61 64 20 74 68 72 6f 75 67 68 20 74 68 65 20 6e |ad through the n|
00003890 61 6d 65 64 20 66 69 6c 65 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 68 |amed file, and h|
000038a0 61 76 69 6e 67 0d 61 6c 74 65 72 65 64 20 74 68 |aving.altered th|
000038b0 65 20 58 20 61 6e 64 20 59 20 76 61 6c 75 65 73 |e X and Y values|
000038c0 20 61 73 20 73 70 65 63 69 66 69 65 64 2c 20 74 | as specified, t|
000038d0 6f 20 64 65 74 65 72 6d 69 6e 65 20 61 70 70 72 |o determine appr|
000038e0 6f 70 72 69 61 74 65 0d 76 61 6c 75 65 73 20 66 |opriate.values f|
000038f0 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 73 63 61 6c 65 2e 20 0d 0d |or the scale. ..|
00003900 31 30 33 38 30 20 44 45 46 20 50 52 4f 43 41 75 |10380 DEF PROCAu|
00003910 74 6f 53 63 61 6c 65 73 28 6e 61 6d 65 24 2c 61 |toScales(name$,a|
00003920 6c 74 65 72 58 24 2c 61 6c 74 65 72 59 24 29 0d |lterX$,alterY$).|
00003930 31 30 33 39 30 20 4c 4f 43 41 4c 20 52 61 6e 67 |10390 LOCAL Rang|
00003940 65 58 2c 52 61 6e 67 65 59 2c 50 77 78 25 2c 50 |eX,RangeY,Pwx%,P|
00003950 77 79 25 2c 58 25 0d 31 30 34 30 30 20 50 52 4f |wy%,X%.10400 PRO|
00003960 43 66 69 6c 65 28 54 52 55 45 2c 6e 61 6d 65 24 |Cfile(TRUE,name$|
00003970 29 0d 31 30 34 31 30 20 50 52 4f 43 64 61 74 61 |).10410 PROCdata|
00003980 28 31 2c 30 2c 30 2c 46 41 4c 53 45 2c 61 6c 74 |(1,0,0,FALSE,alt|
00003990 65 72 58 24 2c 61 6c 74 65 72 59 24 29 0d 31 30 |erX$,alterY$).10|
000039a0 34 32 30 20 58 73 6d 61 78 3d 58 0d 20 20 20 20 |420 Xsmax=X. |
000039b0 20 20 20 3a 20 58 73 6d 69 6e 3d 58 0d 31 30 34 | : Xsmin=X.104|
000039c0 33 30 20 59 73 6d 69 6e 3d 59 0d 20 20 20 20 20 |30 Ysmin=Y. |
000039d0 20 20 3a 20 59 73 6d 61 78 3d 59 0d 31 30 34 34 | : Ysmax=Y.1044|
000039e0 30 20 46 4f 52 20 58 25 3d 32 20 54 4f 20 74 6f |0 FOR X%=2 TO to|
000039f0 74 61 6c 0d 31 30 34 35 30 20 50 52 4f 43 64 61 |tal.10450 PROCda|
00003a00 74 61 28 58 25 2c 30 2c 30 2c 46 41 4c 53 45 2c |ta(X%,0,0,FALSE,|
00003a10 61 6c 74 65 72 58 24 2c 61 6c 74 65 72 59 24 29 |alterX$,alterY$)|
00003a20 0d 31 30 34 36 30 20 49 46 20 58 3e 58 73 6d 61 |.10460 IF X>Xsma|
00003a30 78 20 54 48 45 4e 20 58 73 6d 61 78 3d 58 0d 31 |x THEN Xsmax=X.1|
00003a40 30 34 37 30 20 49 46 20 58 3c 58 73 6d 69 6e 20 |0470 IF X<Xsmin |
00003a50 54 48 45 4e 20 58 73 6d 69 6e 3d 58 0d 31 30 34 |THEN Xsmin=X.104|
00003a60 38 30 20 49 46 20 59 3e 59 73 6d 61 78 20 54 48 |80 IF Y>Ysmax TH|
00003a70 45 4e 20 59 73 6d 61 78 3d 59 0d 31 30 34 39 30 |EN Ysmax=Y.10490|
00003a80 20 49 46 20 59 3c 59 73 6d 69 6e 20 54 48 45 4e | IF Y<Ysmin THEN|
00003a90 20 59 73 6d 69 6e 3d 59 0d 31 30 35 30 30 20 4e | Ysmin=Y.10500 N|
00003aa0 45 58 54 20 58 25 0d 31 30 35 31 30 20 52 61 6e |EXT X%.10510 Ran|
00003ab0 67 65 58 3d 58 73 6d 61 78 2d 58 73 6d 69 6e 0d |geX=Xsmax-Xsmin.|
00003ac0 31 30 35 32 30 20 52 61 6e 67 65 59 3d 59 73 6d |10520 RangeY=Ysm|
00003ad0 61 78 2d 59 73 6d 69 6e 0d 31 30 35 33 30 20 50 |ax-Ysmin.10530 P|
00003ae0 77 78 25 3d 46 4e 70 6f 77 65 72 28 52 61 6e 67 |wx%=FNpower(Rang|
00003af0 65 58 29 0d 31 30 35 34 30 20 50 77 79 25 3d 46 |eX).10540 Pwy%=F|
00003b00 4e 70 6f 77 65 72 28 52 61 6e 67 65 59 29 0d 31 |Npower(RangeY).1|
00003b10 30 35 35 30 20 58 73 6d 61 78 3d 28 49 4e 54 28 |0550 Xsmax=(INT(|
00003b20 58 73 6d 61 78 2f 31 30 5e 50 77 78 25 2b 31 29 |Xsmax/10^Pwx%+1)|
00003b30 29 2a 31 30 5e 50 77 78 25 0d 31 30 35 36 30 20 |)*10^Pwx%.10560 |
00003b40 58 73 6d 69 6e 3d 28 49 4e 54 28 58 73 6d 69 6e |Xsmin=(INT(Xsmin|
00003b50 2f 31 30 5e 50 77 78 25 29 29 2a 31 30 5e 50 77 |/10^Pwx%))*10^Pw|
00003b60 78 25 0d 31 30 35 37 30 20 59 73 6d 61 78 3d 28 |x%.10570 Ysmax=(|
00003b70 49 4e 54 28 59 73 6d 61 78 2f 31 30 5e 50 77 79 |INT(Ysmax/10^Pwy|
00003b80 25 2b 31 29 29 2a 31 30 5e 50 77 79 25 0d 31 30 |%+1))*10^Pwy%.10|
00003b90 35 38 30 20 59 73 6d 69 6e 3d 28 49 4e 54 28 59 |580 Ysmin=(INT(Y|
00003ba0 73 6d 69 6e 2f 31 30 5e 50 77 79 25 29 29 2a 31 |smin/10^Pwy%))*1|
00003bb0 30 5e 50 77 79 25 0d 31 30 35 39 30 20 73 74 78 |0^Pwy%.10590 stx|
00003bc0 3d 46 4e 73 74 65 70 73 69 7a 65 28 58 73 6d 61 |=FNstepsize(Xsma|
00003bd0 78 2d 58 73 6d 69 6e 29 0d 31 30 36 30 30 20 73 |x-Xsmin).10600 s|
00003be0 74 79 3d 46 4e 73 74 65 70 73 69 7a 65 28 59 73 |ty=FNstepsize(Ys|
00003bf0 6d 61 78 2d 59 73 6d 69 6e 29 0d 31 30 36 31 30 |max-Ysmin).10610|
00003c00 20 50 52 4f 43 73 63 61 6c 65 76 61 72 73 0d 31 | PROCscalevars.1|
00003c10 30 36 32 30 20 45 4e 44 50 52 4f 43 0d 0d 20 20 |0620 ENDPROC.. |
00003c20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00003c30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 46 4e 70 6f 77 65 72 28 6e | FNpower(n|
00003c40 75 6d 62 65 72 29 0d 0d 54 68 69 73 20 66 75 6e |umber)..This fun|
00003c50 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 72 65 74 75 72 |ction will retur|
00003c60 6e 20 74 68 65 20 70 6f 77 65 72 20 6f 66 20 74 |n the power of t|
00003c70 65 6e 20 74 6f 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 61 20 67 69 |en to which a gi|
00003c80 76 65 6e 0d 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 69 73 20 72 61 |ven.number is ra|
00003c90 69 73 65 64 2e 0d 0d 31 30 36 33 30 20 44 45 46 |ised...10630 DEF|
00003ca0 20 46 4e 70 6f 77 65 72 28 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 29 | FNpower(number)|
00003cb0 0d 31 30 36 34 30 20 3d 49 4e 54 28 4c 4f 47 28 |.10640 =INT(LOG(|
00003cc0 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 29 29 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 |number)).. |
00003cd0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00003ce0 20 20 46 4e 73 74 65 70 73 69 7a 65 28 72 61 6e | FNstepsize(ran|
00003cf0 67 65 29 0d 0d 54 68 69 73 20 66 75 6e 63 74 69 |ge)..This functi|
00003d00 6f 6e 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 72 65 74 75 72 6e 20 61 |on will return a|
00003d10 6e 20 61 70 70 72 6f 70 72 69 61 74 65 20 73 70 |n appropriate sp|
00003d20 61 63 69 6e 67 20 66 6f 72 20 74 69 63 6b 20 6d |acing for tick m|
00003d30 61 72 6b 73 0d 6f 6e 20 61 6e 20 61 78 69 73 20 |arks.on an axis |
00003d40 6f 66 20 67 69 76 65 6e 20 72 61 6e 67 65 2e 0d |of given range..|
00003d50 0d 31 30 36 35 30 20 44 45 46 20 46 4e 73 74 65 |.10650 DEF FNste|
00003d60 70 73 69 7a 65 28 72 61 6e 67 65 29 0d 31 30 36 |psize(range).106|
00003d70 36 30 20 4c 4f 43 41 4c 20 70 6f 77 65 72 25 0d |60 LOCAL power%.|
00003d80 31 30 36 37 30 20 70 6f 77 65 72 25 3d 46 4e 70 |10670 power%=FNp|
00003d90 6f 77 65 72 28 72 61 6e 67 65 29 0d 31 30 36 38 |ower(range).1068|
00003da0 30 20 72 61 6e 67 65 3d 72 61 6e 67 65 2f 31 30 |0 range=range/10|
00003db0 5e 70 6f 77 65 72 25 0d 31 30 36 39 30 20 49 46 |^power%.10690 IF|
00003dc0 20 72 61 6e 67 65 3c 3d 33 20 54 48 45 4e 20 3d | range<=3 THEN =|
00003dd0 32 2a 31 30 5e 28 70 6f 77 65 72 25 2d 31 29 0d |2*10^(power%-1).|
00003de0 31 30 37 30 30 20 49 46 20 72 61 6e 67 65 3e 33 |10700 IF range>3|
00003df0 20 41 4e 44 20 72 61 6e 67 65 3c 37 20 54 48 45 | AND range<7 THE|
00003e00 4e 20 3d 35 2a 31 30 5e 28 70 6f 77 65 72 25 2d |N =5*10^(power%-|
00003e10 31 29 0d 31 30 37 31 30 20 3d 31 2a 31 30 5e 70 |1).10710 =1*10^p|
00003e20 6f 77 65 72 25 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ower%.. |
00003e30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00003e40 20 50 52 4f 43 73 63 61 6c 65 76 61 72 73 0d 0d | PROCscalevars..|
00003e50 54 68 69 73 20 70 72 6f 63 65 64 75 72 65 20 69 |This procedure i|
00003e60 73 20 75 73 65 64 20 74 6f 20 73 65 74 20 75 70 |s used to set up|
00003e70 20 61 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 6f 66 20 76 61 72 | a number of var|
00003e80 69 61 62 6c 65 73 20 75 73 65 64 0d 77 69 74 68 |iables used.with|
00003e90 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 67 72 61 70 68 20 64 72 61 |in the graph dra|
00003ea0 77 69 6e 67 20 72 6f 75 74 69 6e 65 73 2e 20 58 |wing routines. X|
00003eb0 30 20 61 6e 64 20 59 30 20 61 72 65 20 74 68 65 |0 and Y0 are the|
00003ec0 20 70 6f 73 69 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 6f 66 0d 74 68 | positions of.th|
00003ed0 65 20 6c 69 6e 65 73 20 58 3d 30 20 61 6e 64 20 |e lines X=0 and |
00003ee0 59 3d 30 20 28 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 73 63 61 6c |Y=0 (on the scal|
00003ef0 65 29 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 73 63 72 65 65 6e |e) on the screen|
00003f00 2e 0d 0d 31 30 37 32 30 20 44 45 46 20 50 52 4f |...10720 DEF PRO|
00003f10 43 73 63 61 6c 65 76 61 72 73 0d 31 30 37 33 30 |Cscalevars.10730|
00003f20 20 53 72 79 3d 59 73 6d 61 78 2d 59 73 6d 69 6e | Sry=Ysmax-Ysmin|
00003f30 0d 31 30 37 34 30 20 59 30 3d 59 74 6d 61 78 2d |.10740 Y0=Ytmax-|
00003f40 50 72 79 2a 59 73 6d 61 78 2f 53 72 79 0d 31 30 |Pry*Ysmax/Sry.10|
00003f50 37 35 30 20 53 72 78 3d 58 73 6d 61 78 2d 58 73 |750 Srx=Xsmax-Xs|
00003f60 6d 69 6e 0d 31 30 37 36 30 20 58 30 3d 58 74 6d |min.10760 X0=Xtm|
00003f70 61 78 2d 50 72 78 2a 58 73 6d 61 78 2f 53 72 78 |ax-Prx*Xsmax/Srx|
00003f80 0d 31 30 37 37 30 20 58 73 6d 69 6e 32 3d 58 73 |.10770 Xsmin2=Xs|
00003f90 6d 69 6e 0d 31 30 37 38 30 20 45 4e 44 50 52 4f |min.10780 ENDPRO|
00003fa0 43 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 50 52 4f 43 44 |C.. PROCD|
00003fb0 72 61 77 66 69 6c 65 28 6e 61 6d 65 24 2c 5f 70 |rawfile(name$,_p|
00003fc0 5f 65 6e 2c 61 6c 74 65 72 58 24 2c 61 6c 74 65 |_en,alterX$,alte|
00003fd0 72 59 24 2c 63 72 6f 73 73 65 73 29 0d 0d 54 68 |rY$,crosses)..Th|
00003fe0 69 73 20 70 72 6f 63 65 64 75 72 65 20 77 69 6c |is procedure wil|
00003ff0 6c 20 72 65 61 64 20 74 68 65 20 64 61 74 61 20 |l read the data |
00004000 66 72 6f 6d 20 61 20 6e 61 6d 65 64 20 66 69 6c |from a named fil|
00004010 65 2c 20 61 6c 74 65 72 20 69 74 20 61 73 0d 73 |e, alter it as.s|
00004020 70 65 63 69 66 69 65 64 20 61 6e 64 20 70 6c 6f |pecified and plo|
00004030 74 20 69 74 20 61 73 20 65 69 74 68 65 72 20 6a |t it as either j|
00004040 6f 69 6e 65 64 20 6c 69 6e 65 73 20 6f 72 20 63 |oined lines or c|
00004050 72 6f 73 73 65 73 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 0d 73 70 |rosses in the.sp|
00004060 65 63 69 66 69 65 64 20 70 65 6e 20 63 6f 6c 6f |ecified pen colo|
00004070 75 72 2e 0d 0d 43 72 6f 73 73 65 73 20 61 72 65 |ur...Crosses are|
00004080 20 70 6c 6f 74 74 65 64 20 69 66 20 27 63 72 6f | plotted if 'cro|
00004090 73 73 65 73 27 20 3d 20 54 52 55 45 0d 0d 31 30 |sses' = TRUE..10|
000040a0 37 39 30 20 44 45 46 20 50 52 4f 43 44 72 61 77 |790 DEF PROCDraw|
000040b0 66 69 6c 65 28 6e 61 6d 65 24 2c 70 65 6e 2c 61 |file(name$,pen,a|
000040c0 6c 74 65 72 58 24 2c 61 6c 74 65 72 59 24 2c 63 |lterX$,alterY$,c|
000040d0 72 6f 73 73 65 73 29 0d 31 30 38 30 30 20 4c 4f |rosses).10800 LO|
000040e0 43 41 4c 20 50 45 4e 2c 58 25 2c 50 0d 31 30 38 |CAL PEN,X%,P.108|
000040f0 31 30 20 50 52 4f 43 66 69 6c 65 28 54 52 55 45 |10 PROCfile(TRUE|
00004100 2c 6e 61 6d 65 24 29 0d 31 30 38 32 30 20 46 4f |,name$).10820 FO|
00004110 52 20 58 25 3d 31 20 54 4f 20 74 6f 74 61 6c 0d |R X%=1 TO total.|
00004120 31 30 38 33 30 20 50 52 4f 43 64 61 74 61 28 58 |10830 PROCdata(X|
00004130 25 2c 30 2c 30 2c 46 41 4c 53 45 2c 61 6c 74 65 |%,0,0,FALSE,alte|
00004140 72 58 24 2c 61 6c 74 65 72 59 24 29 0d 31 30 38 |rX$,alterY$).108|
00004150 34 30 20 59 3d 46 4e 79 28 59 29 0d 20 20 20 20 |40 Y=FNy(Y). |
00004160 20 20 20 3a 20 58 3d 46 4e 78 28 58 29 0d 31 30 | : X=FNx(X).10|
00004170 38 35 30 20 49 46 20 58 25 3d 31 20 54 48 45 4e |850 IF X%=1 THEN|
00004180 20 50 45 4e 3d 30 20 45 4c 53 45 20 50 45 4e 3d | PEN=0 ELSE PEN=|
00004190 70 65 6e 20 0d 31 30 38 36 30 20 49 46 20 4e 4f |pen .10860 IF NO|
000041a0 54 20 63 72 6f 73 73 65 73 20 54 48 45 4e 20 50 |T crosses THEN P|
000041b0 52 4f 43 64 72 61 77 28 58 2c 59 2c 50 45 4e 29 |ROCdraw(X,Y,PEN)|
000041c0 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 47 4f 54 4f 31 30 |. : GOTO10|
000041d0 39 35 30 0d 31 30 38 37 30 20 50 3d 30 0d 31 30 |950.10870 P=0.10|
000041e0 38 38 30 20 50 52 4f 43 64 72 61 77 28 58 2d 31 |880 PROCdraw(X-1|
000041f0 30 2c 59 2c 50 29 0d 31 30 38 39 30 20 50 3d 70 |0,Y,P).10890 P=p|
00004200 65 6e 0d 31 30 39 30 30 20 50 52 4f 43 64 72 61 |en.10900 PROCdra|
00004210 77 28 58 2b 31 30 2c 59 2c 50 29 0d 31 30 39 31 |w(X+10,Y,P).1091|
00004220 30 20 50 3d 30 0d 31 30 39 32 30 20 50 52 4f 43 |0 P=0.10920 PROC|
00004230 64 72 61 77 28 58 2c 59 2d 31 30 2c 50 29 0d 31 |draw(X,Y-10,P).1|
00004240 30 39 33 30 20 50 3d 70 65 6e 0d 31 30 39 34 30 |0930 P=pen.10940|
00004250 20 50 52 4f 43 64 72 61 77 28 58 2c 59 2b 31 30 | PROCdraw(X,Y+10|
00004260 2c 50 29 0d 31 30 39 35 30 20 4e 45 58 54 20 58 |,P).10950 NEXT X|
00004270 25 0d 31 30 39 36 30 20 50 52 4f 43 66 69 6c 65 |%.10960 PROCfile|
00004280 28 46 41 4c 53 45 2c 6e 61 6d 65 24 29 0d 31 30 |(FALSE,name$).10|
00004290 39 37 30 20 45 4e 44 50 52 4f 43 0d 0d 20 20 20 |970 ENDPROC.. |
000042a0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
000042b0 20 20 20 20 20 50 52 4f 43 64 72 61 77 28 78 2c | PROCdraw(x,|
000042c0 79 2c 70 65 6e 29 0d 0d 54 68 69 73 20 70 72 6f |y,pen)..This pro|
000042d0 63 65 64 75 72 65 20 69 73 20 74 68 65 20 6f 6e |cedure is the on|
000042e0 65 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 69 73 20 75 73 65 64 20 |e which is used |
000042f0 62 79 20 74 68 65 20 76 61 72 69 6f 75 73 20 72 |by the various r|
00004300 6f 75 74 69 6e 65 73 0d 74 6f 20 64 72 61 77 20 |outines.to draw |
00004310 6c 69 6e 65 73 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 73 63 72 |lines on the scr|
00004320 65 65 6e 2e 20 41 6c 6c 20 72 6f 75 74 69 6e 65 |een. All routine|
00004330 73 20 75 73 65 20 74 68 69 73 20 70 72 6f 63 65 |s use this proce|
00004340 64 75 72 65 2c 20 73 6f 0d 74 68 69 73 20 69 73 |dure, so.this is|
00004350 20 74 68 65 20 6f 6e 65 20 74 6f 20 61 6c 74 65 | the one to alte|
00004360 72 20 69 66 20 61 20 70 6c 6f 74 74 65 72 20 6e |r if a plotter n|
00004370 65 65 64 73 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 64 72 69 76 65 |eeds to be drive|
00004380 6e 2e 0d 0d 31 30 39 38 30 20 44 45 46 20 50 52 |n...10980 DEF PR|
00004390 4f 43 64 72 61 77 28 78 2c 79 2c 70 65 6e 29 0d |OCdraw(x,y,pen).|
000043a0 31 30 39 39 30 20 49 46 20 70 65 6e 3d 30 20 4d |10990 IF pen=0 M|
000043b0 4f 56 45 20 78 2c 79 20 45 4c 53 45 20 47 43 4f |OVE x,y ELSE GCO|
000043c0 4c 30 2c 70 65 6e 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 |L0,pen. : |
000043d0 44 52 41 57 78 2c 79 20 0d 31 31 30 30 30 20 45 |DRAWx,y .11000 E|
000043e0 4e 44 50 52 4f 43 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |NDPROC.. |
000043f0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00004400 46 4e 78 28 58 29 20 61 6e 64 20 46 4e 79 28 59 |FNx(X) and FNy(Y|
00004410 29 0d 0d 54 68 65 73 65 20 74 77 6f 20 66 75 6e |)..These two fun|
00004420 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 72 65 74 75 72 6e 20 74 68 |ctions return th|
00004430 65 20 73 63 72 65 65 6e 20 70 6f 73 69 74 69 6f |e screen positio|
00004440 6e 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 0d 63 6f 72 72 65 73 70 |n of the.corresp|
00004450 6f 6e 64 69 6e 67 20 73 63 61 6c 65 20 70 6f 73 |onding scale pos|
00004460 69 74 69 6f 6e 20 73 65 6e 74 20 69 6e 20 74 68 |ition sent in th|
00004470 65 20 61 72 67 75 6d 65 6e 74 2e 0d 0d 31 31 30 |e argument...110|
00004480 31 30 20 44 45 46 20 46 4e 78 28 58 29 0d 31 31 |10 DEF FNx(X).11|
00004490 30 32 30 20 3d 28 50 72 78 2f 53 72 78 29 2a 58 |020 =(Prx/Srx)*X|
000044a0 2b 58 30 0d 0d 31 31 30 33 30 20 44 45 46 20 46 |+X0..11030 DEF F|
000044b0 4e 79 28 59 29 0d 31 31 30 34 30 20 3d 28 50 72 |Ny(Y).11040 =(Pr|
000044c0 79 2f 53 72 79 29 2a 59 2b 59 30 0d 0d 20 20 20 |y/Sry)*Y+Y0.. |
000044d0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
000044e0 20 20 20 20 20 20 50 52 4f 43 73 63 61 6c 65 28 | PROCscale(|
000044f0 70 65 6e 29 0d 0d 54 68 69 73 20 70 72 6f 63 65 |pen)..This proce|
00004500 64 75 72 65 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 64 72 61 77 20 61 |dure will draw a|
00004510 20 73 63 61 6c 65 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 73 70 | scale in the sp|
00004520 65 63 69 66 69 65 64 20 70 65 6e 20 63 6f 6c 6f |ecified pen colo|
00004530 75 72 0d 75 73 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 70 6f 73 |ur.using the pos|
00004540 69 74 69 6f 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 73 63 61 6c 65 20 |ition and scale |
00004550 76 61 6c 75 65 73 20 70 72 65 76 69 6f 75 73 6c |values previousl|
00004560 79 20 73 70 65 63 69 66 69 65 64 20 62 79 20 74 |y specified by t|
00004570 68 65 0d 70 72 6f 63 65 64 75 72 65 73 3a 0d 20 |he.procedures:. |
00004580 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00004590 20 20 50 52 4f 43 70 6f 73 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 | PROCpos. |
000045a0 20 20 20 20 20 20 6f 72 20 20 20 20 20 50 52 4f | or PRO|
000045b0 43 73 63 61 20 20 20 20 20 20 0d 20 20 20 20 20 |Csca . |
000045c0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 50 52 | PR|
000045d0 4f 43 41 75 74 6f 53 63 61 6c 65 73 0d 0d 31 31 |OCAutoScales..11|
000045e0 30 35 30 20 44 45 46 20 50 52 4f 43 73 63 61 6c |050 DEF PROCscal|
000045f0 65 28 70 65 6e 29 0d 31 31 30 36 30 20 4c 4f 43 |e(pen).11060 LOC|
00004600 41 4c 20 58 2c 58 32 2c 59 2c 59 32 2c 50 0d 31 |AL X,X2,Y,Y2,P.1|
00004610 31 30 37 30 20 49 46 20 59 30 3e 59 74 6d 61 78 |1070 IF Y0>Ytmax|
00004620 20 54 48 45 4e 20 59 32 3d 59 74 6d 61 78 0d 20 | THEN Y2=Ytmax. |
00004630 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 47 4f 54 4f 31 31 31 32 | : GOTO1112|
00004640 30 0d 31 31 30 38 30 20 49 46 20 59 30 3c 59 74 |0.11080 IF Y0<Yt|
00004650 6d 69 6e 20 54 48 45 4e 20 59 32 3d 59 74 6d 69 |min THEN Y2=Ytmi|
00004660 6e 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 47 4f 54 4f 31 |n. : GOTO1|
00004670 31 31 32 30 0d 31 31 30 39 30 20 59 32 3d 59 30 |1120.11090 Y2=Y0|
00004680 0d 31 31 31 30 30 20 58 3d 58 74 6d 69 6e 0d 20 |.11100 X=Xtmin. |
00004690 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 59 3d 59 32 0d 20 20 20 | : Y=Y2. |
000046a0 20 20 20 20 3a 20 50 3d 30 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 | : P=0. |
000046b0 20 3a 20 50 52 4f 43 64 72 61 77 28 58 2c 59 2c | : PROCdraw(X,Y,|
000046c0 50 29 0d 31 31 31 31 30 20 58 3d 58 74 6d 61 78 |P).11110 X=Xtmax|
000046d0 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 50 3d 70 65 6e 0d |. : P=pen.|
000046e0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 50 52 4f 43 64 72 61 | : PROCdra|
000046f0 77 28 58 2c 59 2c 50 29 0d 31 31 31 32 30 20 49 |w(X,Y,P).11120 I|
00004700 46 20 58 30 3e 58 74 6d 61 78 20 54 48 45 4e 20 |F X0>Xtmax THEN |
00004710 58 32 3d 58 74 6d 61 78 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |X2=Xtmax. |
00004720 3a 20 47 4f 54 4f 31 31 31 37 30 0d 31 31 31 33 |: GOTO11170.1113|
00004730 30 20 49 46 20 58 30 3c 58 74 6d 69 6e 20 54 48 |0 IF X0<Xtmin TH|
00004740 45 4e 20 58 32 3d 58 74 6d 69 6e 0d 20 20 20 20 |EN X2=Xtmin. |
00004750 20 20 20 3a 20 47 4f 54 4f 31 31 31 37 30 0d 31 | : GOTO11170.1|
00004760 31 31 34 30 20 58 32 3d 58 30 0d 31 31 31 35 30 |1140 X2=X0.11150|
00004770 20 58 3d 58 32 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 59 | X=X2. : Y|
00004780 3d 59 74 6d 69 6e 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 |=Ytmin. : |
00004790 50 3d 30 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 50 52 4f |P=0. : PRO|
000047a0 43 64 72 61 77 28 58 2c 59 2c 50 29 0d 31 31 31 |Cdraw(X,Y,P).111|
000047b0 36 30 20 59 3d 59 74 6d 61 78 0d 20 20 20 20 20 |60 Y=Ytmax. |
000047c0 20 20 3a 20 50 3d 70 65 6e 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 | : P=pen. |
000047d0 20 3a 20 50 52 4f 43 64 72 61 77 28 58 2c 59 2c | : PROCdraw(X,Y,|
000047e0 50 29 0d 31 31 31 37 30 20 46 4f 52 20 58 3d 58 |P).11170 FOR X=X|
000047f0 73 6d 61 78 20 54 4f 20 58 73 6d 69 6e 20 53 54 |smax TO Xsmin ST|
00004800 45 50 20 2d 31 2a 73 74 78 0d 31 31 31 38 30 20 |EP -1*stx.11180 |
00004810 78 31 3d 46 4e 78 28 58 29 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 |x1=FNx(X). |
00004820 20 3a 20 59 3d 59 32 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a | : Y=Y2. :|
00004830 20 50 3d 30 0d 31 31 31 39 30 20 50 52 4f 43 64 | P=0.11190 PROCd|
00004840 72 61 77 28 78 31 2c 59 2c 50 29 0d 20 20 20 20 |raw(x1,Y,P). |
00004850 20 20 20 3a 20 49 46 20 58 3d 30 20 54 48 45 4e | : IF X=0 THEN|
00004860 20 50 3d 30 20 45 4c 53 45 20 50 3d 70 65 6e 0d | P=0 ELSE P=pen.|
00004870 31 31 32 30 30 20 59 3d 59 32 2d 78 73 6c 0d 20 |11200 Y=Y2-xsl. |
00004880 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 50 52 4f 43 64 72 61 77 | : PROCdraw|
00004890 28 78 31 2c 59 2c 50 29 0d 31 31 32 31 30 20 4e |(x1,Y,P).11210 N|
000048a0 45 58 54 20 58 0d 31 31 32 32 30 20 46 4f 52 20 |EXT X.11220 FOR |
000048b0 59 3d 59 73 6d 69 6e 20 54 4f 20 59 73 6d 61 78 |Y=Ysmin TO Ysmax|
000048c0 20 53 54 45 50 20 73 74 79 0d 31 31 32 33 30 20 | STEP sty.11230 |
000048d0 79 31 3d 46 4e 79 28 59 29 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 |y1=FNy(Y). |
000048e0 20 3a 20 58 3d 58 32 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a | : X=X2. :|
000048f0 20 50 3d 30 0d 31 31 32 34 30 20 50 52 4f 43 64 | P=0.11240 PROCd|
00004900 72 61 77 28 58 2c 79 31 2c 50 29 0d 20 20 20 20 |raw(X,y1,P). |
00004910 20 20 20 3a 20 49 46 20 59 3d 30 20 54 48 45 4e | : IF Y=0 THEN|
00004920 20 50 3d 30 20 45 4c 53 45 20 50 3d 70 65 6e 0d | P=0 ELSE P=pen.|
00004930 31 31 32 35 30 20 58 3d 58 32 2d 79 73 6c 0d 20 |11250 X=X2-ysl. |
00004940 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 50 52 4f 43 64 72 61 77 | : PROCdraw|
00004950 28 58 2c 79 31 2c 50 29 0d 31 31 32 36 30 20 4e |(X,y1,P).11260 N|
00004960 45 58 54 20 59 0d 31 31 32 37 30 20 45 4e 44 50 |EXT Y.11270 ENDP|
00004970 52 4f 43 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ROC.. |
00004980 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 50 52 4f 43 | PROC|
00004990 70 6c 6f 74 28 70 65 6e 2c 65 71 75 24 29 0d 0d |plot(pen,equ$)..|
000049a0 54 68 69 73 20 70 72 6f 63 65 64 75 72 65 20 77 |This procedure w|
000049b0 69 6c 6c 20 64 72 61 77 20 77 69 74 68 69 6e 20 |ill draw within |
000049c0 74 68 65 20 70 72 65 76 69 6f 75 73 6c 79 20 73 |the previously s|
000049d0 65 74 20 73 63 61 6c 65 20 72 61 6e 67 65 73 0d |et scale ranges.|
000049e0 74 68 65 20 66 75 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 73 70 65 |the function spe|
000049f0 63 69 66 69 65 64 20 69 6e 20 27 65 71 75 24 27 |cified in 'equ$'|
00004a00 20 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 73 70 65 63 69 66 69 | in the specifi|
00004a10 65 64 20 70 65 6e 20 63 6f 6c 6f 75 72 2e 0d 65 |ed pen colour..e|
00004a20 67 2e 2c 0d 0d 50 52 4f 43 70 6c 6f 74 28 31 2c |g.,..PROCplot(1,|
00004a30 22 53 49 4e 28 58 29 22 29 0d 0d 77 69 6c 6c 20 |"SIN(X)")..will |
00004a40 70 6c 6f 74 20 74 68 65 20 66 75 6e 63 74 69 6f |plot the functio|
00004a50 6e 20 79 3d 73 69 6e 20 78 20 20 69 6e 20 63 6f |n y=sin x in co|
00004a60 6c 6f 75 72 20 31 20 0d 0d 4e 2e 42 2e 20 20 20 |lour 1 ..N.B. |
00004a70 54 68 65 20 76 61 72 69 61 62 6c 65 20 4c 25 20 |The variable L% |
00004a80 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 65 20 73 65 74 20 74 6f |should be set to|
00004a90 20 62 65 20 65 71 75 61 6c 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 | be equal to the|
00004aa0 20 6c 69 6e 65 0d 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 6f 66 20 | line.number of |
00004ab0 74 68 65 20 6c 69 6e 65 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 69 |the line followi|
00004ac0 6e 67 20 61 20 63 61 6c 6c 20 74 6f 20 50 52 4f |ng a call to PRO|
00004ad0 43 70 6c 6f 74 20 69 66 20 65 72 72 6f 72 73 20 |Cplot if errors |
00004ae0 61 72 65 0d 6c 69 6b 65 6c 79 20 20 65 67 20 69 |are.likely eg i|
00004af0 66 20 70 6c 6f 74 74 69 6e 67 20 61 20 66 75 6e |f plotting a fun|
00004b00 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 77 68 65 72 65 20 64 69 76 69 |ction where divi|
00004b10 73 69 6f 6e 20 62 79 20 7a 65 72 6f 20 6d 61 79 |sion by zero may|
00004b20 0d 6f 63 63 75 72 2c 20 73 75 63 68 20 61 73 20 |.occur, such as |
00004b30 79 3d 31 2f 78 20 2d 2d 73 65 65 20 50 52 4f 43 |y=1/x --see PROC|
00004b40 65 72 72 6f 72 0d 0d 0d 31 31 32 38 30 20 44 45 |error...11280 DE|
00004b50 46 20 50 52 4f 43 70 6c 6f 74 28 70 65 6e 2c 65 |F PROCplot(pen,e|
00004b60 71 75 24 29 0d 31 31 32 39 30 20 4c 4f 43 41 4c |qu$).11290 LOCAL|
00004b70 20 58 2c 79 31 2c 79 32 2c 50 0d 31 31 33 30 30 | X,y1,y2,P.11300|
00004b80 20 79 32 3d 32 0d 31 31 33 31 30 20 46 4f 52 20 | y2=2.11310 FOR |
00004b90 58 3d 58 73 6d 69 6e 32 20 54 4f 20 58 73 6d 61 |X=Xsmin2 TO Xsma|
00004ba0 78 20 53 54 45 50 20 53 72 78 2f 50 72 78 2a 31 |x STEP Srx/Prx*1|
00004bb0 30 0d 31 31 33 32 30 20 59 3d 46 4e 79 28 45 56 |0.11320 Y=FNy(EV|
00004bc0 41 4c 28 65 71 75 24 29 29 20 0d 31 31 33 33 30 |AL(equ$)) .11330|
00004bd0 20 49 46 20 59 3e 59 74 6d 61 78 20 4f 52 20 59 | IF Y>Ytmax OR Y|
00004be0 3c 59 74 6d 69 6e 20 54 48 45 4e 20 79 31 3d 46 |<Ytmin THEN y1=F|
00004bf0 41 4c 53 45 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 79 32 |ALSE. : y2|
00004c00 3d 32 20 45 4c 53 45 20 79 31 3d 54 52 55 45 0d |=2 ELSE y1=TRUE.|
00004c10 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 79 32 3d 79 32 2d 31 | : y2=y2-1|
00004c20 0d 31 31 33 34 30 20 49 46 20 79 31 3d 46 41 4c |.11340 IF y1=FAL|
00004c30 53 45 20 54 48 45 4e 20 50 3d 30 0d 20 20 20 20 |SE THEN P=0. |
00004c40 20 20 20 3a 20 59 3d 59 74 6d 69 6e 0d 31 31 33 | : Y=Ytmin.113|
00004c50 35 30 20 49 46 79 32 3e 30 20 50 3d 30 20 45 4c |50 IFy2>0 P=0 EL|
00004c60 53 45 20 50 3d 70 65 6e 0d 31 31 33 36 30 20 50 |SE P=pen.11360 P|
00004c70 52 4f 43 64 72 61 77 28 46 4e 78 28 58 29 2c 59 |ROCdraw(FNx(X),Y|
00004c80 2c 50 29 0d 31 31 33 37 30 20 4e 45 58 54 20 58 |,P).11370 NEXT X|
00004c90 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 50 3d 30 0d 20 20 |. : P=0. |
00004ca0 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 50 52 4f 43 64 72 61 77 28 | : PROCdraw(|
00004cb0 46 4e 78 28 58 29 2c 59 2c 50 29 0d 31 31 33 38 |FNx(X),Y,P).1138|
00004cc0 30 20 45 4e 44 50 52 4f 43 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 |0 ENDPROC.. |
00004cd0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00004ce0 50 52 4f 43 73 74 72 69 6e 67 28 78 2c 79 2c 73 |PROCstring(x,y,s|
00004cf0 74 72 69 6e 67 24 29 0d 0d 54 68 69 73 20 70 72 |tring$)..This pr|
00004d00 6f 63 65 64 75 72 65 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 70 72 69 |ocedure will pri|
00004d10 6e 74 20 74 68 65 20 73 74 72 69 6e 67 20 73 70 |nt the string sp|
00004d20 65 63 69 66 69 65 64 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 67 |ecified on the g|
00004d30 72 61 70 68 20 61 74 0d 74 68 65 20 53 43 41 4c |raph at.the SCAL|
00004d40 45 20 70 6f 73 69 74 69 6f 6e 20 28 78 2c 79 29 |E position (x,y)|
00004d50 20 2e 0d 0d 31 31 33 39 30 20 44 45 46 20 50 52 | ...11390 DEF PR|
00004d60 4f 43 73 74 72 69 6e 67 28 78 2c 79 2c 73 74 72 |OCstring(x,y,str|
00004d70 69 6e 67 24 29 0d 31 31 34 30 30 20 4d 4f 56 45 |ing$).11400 MOVE|
00004d80 20 46 4e 78 28 78 29 2c 46 4e 79 28 79 29 0d 31 | FNx(x),FNy(y).1|
00004d90 31 34 31 30 20 56 44 55 35 0d 31 31 34 32 30 20 |1410 VDU5.11420 |
00004da0 50 52 49 4e 54 20 73 74 72 69 6e 67 24 0d 31 31 |PRINT string$.11|
00004db0 34 33 30 20 56 44 55 34 0d 31 31 34 34 30 20 45 |430 VDU4.11440 E|
00004dc0 4e 44 50 52 4f 43 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |NDPROC.. |
00004dd0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00004de0 20 20 20 20 50 52 4f 43 65 72 72 6f 72 0d 0d 54 | PROCerror..T|
00004df0 68 69 73 20 70 72 6f 63 65 64 75 72 65 20 77 69 |his procedure wi|
00004e00 6c 6c 20 68 61 6e 64 6c 65 20 44 49 56 49 53 49 |ll handle DIVISI|
00004e10 4f 4e 20 42 59 20 5a 45 52 4f 20 61 6e 64 20 54 |ON BY ZERO and T|
00004e20 4f 4f 20 42 49 47 20 65 72 72 6f 72 73 0d 67 65 |OO BIG errors.ge|
00004e30 6e 65 72 61 74 65 64 20 62 79 20 66 75 6e 63 74 |nerated by funct|
00004e40 69 6f 6e 73 20 62 65 69 6e 67 20 70 6c 6f 74 74 |ions being plott|
00004e50 65 64 20 62 79 20 50 52 4f 43 70 6c 6f 74 2e 20 |ed by PROCplot. |
00004e60 41 66 74 65 72 20 74 68 65 0d 66 75 6e 63 74 69 |After the.functi|
00004e70 6f 6e 20 68 61 73 20 66 69 6e 69 73 68 65 64 20 |on has finished |
00004e80 62 65 69 6e 67 20 70 6c 6f 74 74 65 64 2c 20 65 |being plotted, e|
00004e90 78 65 63 75 74 69 6f 6e 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 72 65 |xecution will re|
00004ea0 74 75 72 6e 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 0d 6c 69 6e 65 |turn to the.line|
00004eb0 20 73 70 65 63 69 66 69 65 64 20 62 79 20 74 68 | specified by th|
00004ec0 65 20 76 61 72 69 61 62 6c 65 20 4c 25 2e 20 20 |e variable L%. |
00004ed0 49 66 20 4c 25 20 69 73 20 75 6e 73 65 74 2c 20 |If L% is unset, |
00004ee0 74 68 65 6e 20 74 68 65 0d 65 72 72 6f 72 20 72 |then the.error r|
00004ef0 65 63 6f 76 65 72 79 20 72 6f 75 74 69 6e 65 20 |ecovery routine |
00004f00 77 69 6c 6c 20 68 61 6c 74 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 |will halt the pr|
00004f10 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 61 73 20 69 74 20 77 69 6c 6c |ogram as it will|
00004f20 20 69 66 20 61 6e 79 0d 6f 74 68 65 72 20 65 72 | if any.other er|
00004f30 72 6f 72 20 69 73 20 64 65 74 65 63 74 65 64 2e |ror is detected.|
00004f40 20 54 68 65 20 76 61 6c 75 65 20 74 65 73 74 65 | The value teste|
00004f50 64 20 66 6f 72 20 69 6e 20 6c 69 6e 65 20 31 31 |d for in line 11|
00004f60 34 37 30 20 20 69 65 2e 2c 0d 45 52 4c 3c 3e 20 |470 ie.,.ERL<> |
00004f70 20 5b 61 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 5d 20 0d 53 68 6f | [a number] .Sho|
00004f80 75 6c 64 20 62 65 20 74 68 65 20 6c 69 6e 65 20 |uld be the line |
00004f90 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 |number of the fi|
00004fa0 72 73 74 20 6c 69 6e 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 |rst line of the |
00004fb0 66 75 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e 0d 46 4e 79 28 59 29 2e |function.FNy(Y).|
00004fc0 0d 0d 31 31 34 35 30 20 44 45 46 20 50 52 4f 43 |..11450 DEF PROC|
00004fd0 65 72 72 6f 72 0d 31 31 34 36 30 20 49 46 20 45 |error.11460 IF E|
00004fe0 52 52 3c 3e 31 38 20 41 4e 44 20 45 52 52 3c 3e |RR<>18 AND ERR<>|
00004ff0 32 30 20 54 48 45 4e 20 31 31 35 31 30 0d 31 31 |20 THEN 11510.11|
00005000 34 37 30 20 49 46 20 45 52 4c 3c 3e 31 31 30 33 |470 IF ERL<>1103|
00005010 30 20 4f 52 20 4c 25 3d 30 20 54 48 45 4e 20 31 |0 OR L%=0 THEN 1|
00005020 31 35 31 30 0d 31 31 34 38 30 20 58 73 6d 69 6e |1510.11480 Xsmin|
00005030 32 3d 58 2b 28 53 72 78 2f 50 72 78 29 0d 31 31 |2=X+(Srx/Prx).11|
00005040 34 39 30 20 50 52 4f 43 70 6c 6f 74 28 70 65 6e |490 PROCplot(pen|
00005050 2c 65 71 75 24 29 0d 31 31 35 30 30 20 45 4e 44 |,equ$).11500 END|
00005060 50 52 4f 43 0d 31 31 35 31 30 20 43 4c 53 0d 20 |PROC.11510 CLS. |
00005070 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 50 52 49 4e 54 20 27 22 | : PRINT '"|
00005080 45 58 45 43 55 54 49 4f 4e 20 48 41 4c 54 45 44 |EXECUTION HALTED|
00005090 2c 20 74 68 65 72 65 20 69 73 20 61 6e 20 65 72 |, there is an er|
000050a0 72 6f 72 22 20 0d 31 31 35 32 30 20 40 25 3d 30 |ror" .11520 @%=0|
000050b0 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 3a 20 50 52 49 4e 54 27 |. : PRINT'|
000050c0 22 61 74 20 6c 69 6e 65 20 22 45 52 4c 22 20 49 |"at line "ERL" I|
000050d0 74 20 69 73 20 3a 20 2d 22 27 0d 31 31 35 33 30 |t is : -"'.11530|
000050e0 20 52 45 50 4f 52 54 0d 31 31 35 34 30 20 50 52 | REPORT.11540 PR|
000050f0 49 4e 54 20 27 27 22 50 6c 65 61 73 65 20 72 65 |INT ''"Please re|
00005100 63 6f 72 64 20 68 6f 77 20 79 6f 75 20 27 63 72 |cord how you 'cr|
00005110 61 73 68 65 64 27 20 74 68 65 22 20 0d 31 31 35 |ashed' the" .115|
00005120 35 30 20 50 52 49 4e 54 20 22 70 72 6f 67 72 61 |50 PRINT "progra|
00005130 6d 20 61 6e 64 20 63 6f 6e 74 61 63 74 20 74 68 |m and contact th|
00005140 65 20 61 75 74 68 6f 72 2e 22 0d 31 31 35 36 30 |e author.".11560|
00005150 20 50 52 4f 43 67 73 74 6f 70 0d 20 20 20 20 20 | PROCgstop. |
00005160 20 20 3a 20 53 54 4f 50 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 | : STOP.. |
00005170 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 50 52 4f 43 62 65 73 | PROCbes|
00005180 74 66 69 74 28 6e 61 6d 65 24 2c 61 6c 74 65 72 |tfit(name$,alter|
00005190 58 24 2c 61 6c 74 65 72 59 24 29 0d 0d 54 68 69 |X$,alterY$)..Thi|
000051a0 73 20 70 72 6f 63 65 64 75 72 65 20 77 69 6c 6c |s procedure will|
000051b0 20 72 65 61 64 20 74 68 72 6f 75 67 68 20 61 20 | read through a |
000051c0 6e 61 6d 65 64 20 66 69 6c 65 20 61 6e 64 20 68 |named file and h|
000051d0 61 76 69 6e 67 20 61 6c 74 65 72 65 64 0d 74 68 |aving altered.th|
000051e0 65 20 58 20 61 6e 64 20 59 20 76 61 6c 75 65 73 |e X and Y values|
000051f0 20 61 73 20 73 70 65 63 69 66 69 65 64 2c 20 77 | as specified, w|
00005200 69 6c 6c 20 63 61 6c 63 75 6c 61 74 65 20 74 68 |ill calculate th|
00005210 65 20 65 71 75 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 0d 74 68 |e equation of.th|
00005220 65 20 62 65 73 74 66 69 74 20 6c 69 6e 65 20 61 |e bestfit line a|
00005230 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f 72 72 65 6c 61 74 69 |nd the correlati|
00005240 6f 6e 20 63 6f 65 66 66 69 63 69 65 6e 74 20 6f |on coefficient o|
00005250 66 20 74 68 65 20 74 77 6f 20 70 61 69 72 73 0d |f the two pairs.|
00005260 6f 66 20 64 61 74 61 2e 0d 0d 47 72 61 64 69 65 |of data...Gradie|
00005270 6e 74 20 69 73 20 72 65 74 75 72 6e 65 64 20 69 |nt is returned i|
00005280 6e 20 74 68 65 20 47 6c 6f 62 61 6c 20 76 61 72 |n the Global var|
00005290 69 61 62 6c 65 20 3a 20 6d 0d 69 6e 74 65 72 63 |iable : m.interc|
000052a0 65 70 74 20 6f 6e 20 59 20 69 6e 20 3a 20 20 20 |ept on Y in : |
000052b0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
000052c0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 63 0d 63 6f 72 72 65 6c | c.correl|
000052d0 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 63 6f 65 66 66 69 63 69 65 6e |ation coefficien|
000052e0 74 20 69 6e 20 20 3a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |t in : |
000052f0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 72 0d 0d 31 31 35 37 30 | r..11570|
00005300 20 44 45 46 20 50 52 4f 43 62 65 73 74 66 69 74 | DEF PROCbestfit|
00005310 28 6e 61 6d 65 24 2c 61 6c 74 65 72 58 24 2c 61 |(name$,alterX$,a|
00005320 6c 74 65 72 59 24 29 0d 31 31 35 38 30 20 4c 4f |lterY$).11580 LO|
00005330 43 41 4c 20 73 69 67 58 2c 73 69 67 59 2c 73 69 |CAL sigX,sigY,si|
00005340 67 58 59 2c 73 69 67 58 32 2c 73 69 67 59 32 2c |gXY,sigX2,sigY2,|
00005350 74 6f 70 2c 62 61 73 65 2c 58 25 0d 31 31 35 39 |top,base,X%.1159|
00005360 30 20 50 52 4f 43 66 69 6c 65 28 54 52 55 45 2c |0 PROCfile(TRUE,|
00005370 6e 61 6d 65 24 29 0d 31 31 36 32 30 20 46 4f 52 |name$).11620 FOR|
00005380 20 58 25 3d 31 20 54 4f 20 74 6f 74 61 6c 0d 31 | X%=1 TO total.1|
00005390 31 36 33 30 20 50 52 4f 43 64 61 74 61 28 58 25 |1630 PROCdata(X%|
000053a0 2c 30 2c 30 2c 46 41 4c 53 45 2c 61 6c 74 65 72 |,0,0,FALSE,alter|
000053b0 58 24 2c 61 6c 74 65 72 59 24 29 0d 31 31 36 38 |X$,alterY$).1168|
000053c0 30 20 73 69 67 58 3d 73 69 67 58 2b 58 0d 31 31 |0 sigX=sigX+X.11|
000053d0 36 39 30 20 73 69 67 59 3d 73 69 67 59 2b 59 0d |690 sigY=sigY+Y.|
000053e0 31 31 37 30 30 20 73 69 67 58 59 3d 73 69 67 58 |11700 sigXY=sigX|
000053f0 59 2b 58 2a 59 0d 31 31 37 31 30 20 73 69 67 58 |Y+X*Y.11710 sigX|
00005400 32 3d 73 69 67 58 32 2b 58 5e 32 0d 31 31 37 32 |2=sigX2+X^2.1172|
00005410 30 20 73 69 67 59 32 3d 73 69 67 59 32 2b 59 5e |0 sigY2=sigY2+Y^|
00005420 32 0d 31 31 37 33 30 20 4e 45 58 54 20 58 25 0d |2.11730 NEXT X%.|
00005430 31 31 37 34 30 20 50 52 4f 43 66 69 6c 65 28 46 |11740 PROCfile(F|
00005440 41 4c 53 45 2c 6e 61 6d 65 24 29 0d 31 31 37 35 |ALSE,name$).1175|
00005450 30 20 6d 3d 28 73 69 67 58 59 2d 28 73 69 67 58 |0 m=(sigXY-(sigX|
00005460 2a 73 69 67 59 2f 28 74 6f 74 61 6c 29 29 29 2f |*sigY/(total)))/|
00005470 28 73 69 67 58 32 2d 73 69 67 58 5e 32 2f 28 74 |(sigX2-sigX^2/(t|
00005480 6f 74 61 6c 29 29 0d 31 31 37 36 30 20 63 3d 73 |otal)).11760 c=s|
00005490 69 67 59 2f 28 74 6f 74 61 6c 29 2d 6d 2a 73 69 |igY/(total)-m*si|
000054a0 67 58 2f 28 74 6f 74 61 6c 29 0d 31 31 37 36 31 |gX/(total).11761|
000054b0 20 74 6f 70 3d 28 74 6f 74 61 6c 29 2a 73 69 67 | top=(total)*sig|
000054c0 58 59 2d 73 69 67 58 2a 73 69 67 59 0d 31 31 37 |XY-sigX*sigY.117|
000054d0 36 32 20 62 61 73 65 3d 53 51 52 28 28 28 74 6f |62 base=SQR(((to|
000054e0 74 61 6c 29 2a 73 69 67 58 32 2d 73 69 67 58 5e |tal)*sigX2-sigX^|
000054f0 32 29 2a 28 28 74 6f 74 61 6c 29 2a 73 69 67 59 |2)*((total)*sigY|
00005500 32 2d 73 69 67 59 5e 32 29 29 0d 31 31 37 36 33 |2-sigY^2)).11763|
00005510 20 72 3d 74 6f 70 2f 62 61 73 65 0d 31 31 37 37 | r=top/base.1177|
00005520 30 20 45 4e 44 50 52 4f 43 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 |0 ENDPROC.. |
00005530 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00005540 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 49 4e 44 45 58 0d 0d | INDEX..|
00005550 41 64 64 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 72 6f 75 74 69 |Adding the routi|
00005560 6e 65 73 20 74 6f 20 61 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d |nes to a program|
00005570 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00005580 20 20 20 20 20 34 0d 45 2e 45 58 31 20 20 20 20 | 4.E.EX1 |
00005590 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
*
000055b0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 32 0d 45 2e | 2.E.|
000055c0 45 58 32 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |EX2 |
000055d0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
*
000055f0 20 20 20 33 0d 45 2e 45 58 33 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 3.E.EX3 |
00005600 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
*
00005620 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 34 0d 45 2e 45 58 | 4.E.EX|
00005630 34 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |4 |
00005640 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
*
00005660 20 33 0d 46 4e 70 6f 77 65 72 28 6e 75 6d 62 65 | 3.FNpower(numbe|
00005670 72 29 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |r) |
00005680 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00005690 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 31 30 0d 46 4e 73 74 65 70 | 10.FNstep|
000056a0 73 69 7a 65 28 72 61 6e 67 65 29 20 20 20 20 20 |size(range) |
000056b0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
000056c0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 31 30 | 10|
000056d0 0d 46 4e 78 28 58 29 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |.FNx(X) |
000056e0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
*
00005700 20 20 20 20 20 31 31 0d 46 4e 79 28 59 29 20 20 | 11.FNy(Y) |
00005710 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
*
00005730 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 31 31 0d 46 | 11.F|
00005740 6f 72 65 77 6f 72 64 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |oreword |
00005750 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
*
00005770 20 20 20 20 31 0d 47 6c 6f 62 61 6c 20 56 61 72 | 1.Global Var|
00005780 69 61 62 6c 65 73 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |iables |
00005790 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
000057a0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 35 0d 50 52 4f | 5.PRO|
000057b0 43 41 75 74 6f 53 63 61 6c 65 73 28 6e 61 6d 65 |CAutoScales(name|
000057c0 24 2c 61 6c 74 65 72 58 24 2c 61 6c 74 65 72 59 |$,alterX$,alterY|
000057d0 24 29 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |$) |
000057e0 20 20 39 0d 50 52 4f 43 62 65 73 74 66 69 74 28 | 9.PROCbestfit(|
000057f0 6e 61 6d 65 24 2c 61 6c 74 65 72 58 24 2c 61 6c |name$,alterX$,al|
00005800 74 65 72 59 24 29 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |terY$) |
00005810 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 31 34 0d 50 52 4f 43 64 | 14.PROCd|
00005820 61 74 61 28 70 61 69 72 2c 78 2c 79 2c 77 72 69 |ata(pair,x,y,wri|
00005830 74 65 2c 61 6c 74 65 72 58 24 2c 61 6c 74 65 72 |te,alterX$,alter|
00005840 59 24 29 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |Y$) |
00005850 36 0d 50 52 4f 43 44 72 61 77 66 69 6c 65 28 6e |6.PROCDrawfile(n|
00005860 61 6d 65 24 2c 70 65 6e 2c 61 6c 74 65 72 58 24 |ame$,pen,alterX$|
00005870 2c 61 6c 74 65 72 59 24 2c 63 72 6f 73 73 65 73 |,alterY$,crosses|
00005880 29 20 20 20 20 20 31 31 0d 50 52 4f 43 64 72 61 |) 11.PROCdra|
00005890 77 28 78 2c 79 2c 70 65 6e 29 20 20 20 20 20 20 |w(x,y,pen) |
000058a0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
000058b0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 31 31 0d | 11.|
000058c0 50 52 4f 43 65 72 72 6f 72 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |PROCerror |
000058d0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
*
000058f0 20 20 20 20 31 33 0d 50 52 4f 43 66 69 6c 65 28 | 13.PROCfile(|
00005900 6f 70 65 6e 2c 6e 61 6d 65 24 29 20 20 20 20 20 |open,name$) |
00005910 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00005920 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 36 0d 50 52 | 6.PR|
00005930 4f 43 67 73 74 61 72 74 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |OCgstart |
00005940 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
*
00005960 20 20 20 37 0d 50 52 4f 43 67 73 74 6f 70 20 20 | 7.PROCgstop |
00005970 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
*
00005990 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 38 0d 50 52 4f 43 | 8.PROC|
000059a0 70 6c 6f 74 28 70 65 6e 2c 65 71 75 24 29 20 20 |plot(pen,equ$) |
000059b0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
*
000059d0 31 33 0d 50 52 4f 43 70 6f 73 28 64 65 66 61 75 |13.PROCpos(defau|
000059e0 6c 74 2c 58 74 6d 69 2c 58 74 6d 61 2c 78 73 2c |lt,Xtmi,Xtma,xs,|
000059f0 59 74 6d 69 2c 59 74 6d 61 2c 79 73 29 20 20 20 |Ytmi,Ytma,ys) |
00005a00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 38 0d 50 52 4f 43 73 63 | 8.PROCsc|
00005a10 61 6c 65 76 61 72 73 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |alevars |
00005a20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00005a30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 31 30 | 10|
00005a40 0d 50 52 4f 43 73 63 61 6c 65 28 70 65 6e 29 20 |.PROCscale(pen) |
00005a50 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
*
00005a70 20 20 20 20 20 31 32 0d 50 52 4f 43 73 63 61 28 | 12.PROCsca(|
00005a80 64 65 66 61 75 6c 74 2c 58 73 6d 69 2c 58 73 6d |default,Xsmi,Xsm|
00005a90 61 2c 73 78 2c 59 73 6d 69 2c 59 73 6d 61 2c 73 |a,sx,Ysmi,Ysma,s|
00005aa0 79 29 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 39 0d 50 |y) 9.P|
00005ab0 52 4f 43 73 74 72 69 6e 67 28 78 2c 79 2c 73 74 |ROCstring(x,y,st|
00005ac0 72 69 6e 67 24 29 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ring$) |
00005ad0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00005ae0 20 20 20 31 33 0d 53 6f 6d 65 20 73 69 6d 70 6c | 13.Some simpl|
00005af0 65 20 45 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 73 20 20 20 20 20 20 |e Examples |
00005b00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
00005b10 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 32 0d 53 54 41 | 2.STA|
00005b20 54 31 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |T1 |
00005b30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
*
00005b50 20 20 34 0d 55 6e 69 70 6c 6f 74 20 20 20 20 20 | 4.Uniplot |
00005b60 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
*
00005b80 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 34 0d 57 68 61 74 20 | 4.What |
00005b90 69 73 20 61 6c 47 49 4e 4f 6e 20 3f 20 20 20 20 |is alGINOn ? |
00005ba0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | |
*
00005bc0 32 0d |2.|
00005bc2 
05-08-88/ALG-UG.m0
05-08-88/ALG-UG.m1
05-08-88/ALG-UG.m2
05-08-88/ALG-UG.m4
05-08-88/ALG-UG.m5
.