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!Armony/!Help

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                   !Armony, by Mike Smith, � October 1993


!Armony is an application that allows the chords of a song to be entered and
played, in any sequence and in any rhythm.  The rhythms can also contain
bass lines and special effects (FX).  A keyboard is also included so that
a melody can be played along with the chord accompaniment.  Instruments can
be changed, depending on the voices loaded as relocatable modules.  Songs
and rhythms can be saved and loaded.

The sound quality can be greatly improved by using stereo headphones or
taking the sound output through a hi-fi amplifier and good loudspeakers.


Files:

The main application directory "!Armony" contains other directories that
should be opened.  These are: "songs", "rhythms", and "p_rhythms".  The
latter contain pre-set rhythms as examples that cannot be overwritten unless
the access information for the files is modified.

There is also an "instrument" directory which contains a number of 
relocatable modules of individual voices and special effects and one called
"SMOD1" which gives an extra 12 voices to the standard 9.  Other sounds
could be sampled and stored here as relocatable modules.

The !Help application can be installed on the icon bar and the information
displayed from within the main !Armony directory or by clicking on "help" in
the filer menu.  The Help window can be closed and then re-opened again at
any time by clicking on the icon bar icon.  !Edit is not required.


Installing !Armony:

The main application can be installed on the icon bar by double-clicking on
the !Armony file or any of the song or rhythm files.  It is best to first
quit any applications such as clocks or background graphics that are
regularly updated, as these intefere with the timing of beats when played.

Clicking "menu" on the icon bar icon will pop-up the usual menu for "Info"
or "Quit".  Options for displaying the current "Keyboard", or "Chords and
Rhythms" windows, or updating the Instrument menus after installing or
killing Relocateable Sound Modules, are also included.

Alternatively, clicking "select" on the icon bar icon will display the first
blank "sequence" and "rhythm" windows.

Similarly, clicking "adjust" on the icon bar icon will display a "keyboard"
window, showing the keyboard keys to press in relation to a three-octave
range, and various play parameters.

Alternatively, a complete song or a particular rhythm can be loaded by
double-clicking on a "song", "rhythm" or "p_rhythm" file, or dragging their
icons to the icon bar, when the windows will be automatically displayed. 
Loading another song will replace and redraw all of the windows; loading
another rhythm will only add it to those currently displayed.

The windows can be closed at any time, reopening them by clicking "select"
or "adjust" on the icon bar icon, or by clicking on the appropriate menu 
item on the icon bar menu, but they cannot be deleted except by loading a
new song.  The song file "Newsong" can be loaded to return to the original
blank sequence and rhythm windows.  This file cannot be written to unless
access is modified and should be left for this purpose.

It may be found helpful to position the open song file directory at the top
right of the screen, and the open rhythm file directory at the bottom left. 
They can the be brought to the front as required by clicking on the top or
bottom right corner icons.  Similarly, when a number of sequence or rhythm
windows are open, it is best to leave them in their original position and
use the window icons to bring them to the front as required.


Playing the Keyboard:

The keyboard can only be played when the "Keybd" icon is set to "ON".  This
can be done by clicking "select" or "adjust" on the grey "OFF", when it will
change to an orange "ON".  The text input cursor will also appear, but this
has no effect and no characters can be input, except "K" and the normal
editing keys which should be avoided.

Occasionally, if the sound channels are not flushed at installation, a
curious buzzing will be heard for the first two or three notes, but this
will correct itself.  It also interferes with other input so the keyboard
should be turned on and a few notes played before proceeding.

The keyboard extends over three octaves as shown, but the range can be moved
up or down as explained later under the "keyboard menu".  Note that the
lower "C" on the top two octaves is the "Tab" key, and the top "C" is the
"Insert" key, not "Delete" which unfortunately is an edit key.


Setting up a Rhythm:

Before any chords or songs can be played one or more rhythms must be set to
play the notes required.  If an already composed song or rhythm is loaded
this will be done automatically, but if a new song or rhythm is to be
entered, or an existing one altered, the notes have to be entered in the
rhythm window using the mouse.  Initially, each rhythm is set up as a matrix
of 7 channels vertically and 8 beats horizontally.  Up to 26 different
rhythms can be used in any one song, each being given a unique reference
"a", "b", "c", etc., and a file name (shown in brackets).

The 7 channels comprise the six notes of a chord, "1" being the root or
lowest note, "2" the second lowest note, and so on to "6" the highest note.
The bottom line of notes is the "bass" line.  Notes will be played on the
beat from left to right.

A note is entered by pointing to a cell of the matrix and pressing "select"
or "adjust", when it will change from blue to grey. It can be deleted by
pressing "select" again with the pointer over it.  The stress, accent or
relative volume of the note can be adjusted by pointing to it and pressing
"adjust" repeatedly, when it will cycle through 8 levels, from black (full
volume) to white (silence).  The latter is useful to stop a note from
sounding on that particular channel after a number of beats, limiting
sustain and giving damped or staccatto type effects.  The pitch of the
chord note (1 to 6) played will depend on the chord and channel.

The bass line can be entered in a similar way, but the pitch is set by
pointing at a cell, pressing "select", holding it down, and then pressing
the middle or "menu" button repeatedly, cycling through the six pitches of
the current chord with the number shown in red.  If just "select" is pressed
it will either show blank and play the root note (1) of the chord, or
restore the note and pitch previously entered.  The accent can be changed
using "adjust" as previously described.

It is possible to use up to 6 different instruments or voices on any of the
chord notes, by pointing to it, pressing "select", holding it down, and then
pressing "menu" repeatedly, which will cycle through the 6 "FX" voices shown
in green.  The pitch will be the same as the chord note would be, unless
that channel is set to "FX", when the sample will be played at a fixed pitch
(middle "C"), as described below under instrument selection from the
"Keyboard Menu".

Note that block chords, arppegios or "finger-style" rhythms can be
reproduced, using the variable accent settings to give a very natural
effect.  The examples in the "p_rhythms" directory give the general idea. 
These can be loaded for use in other songs, modified in any way as required.
The rhythm patterns can be saved separately in the "rhythms" directory, or
saved with the song.


Rhythm Menu:

By pointing to any rhythm window and pressing the "menu" button on its own
the Rhythm Menu for that particular rhythm will be displayed.  The options
from the top are:

    Play rhythm     This will play the notes of the rhythm once at the
                    current tempo, using the chord of "C" major.  Note that
                    an orange cell will follow the beat on the top line for
                    tempos above 8.

    Repeat          Toggles repeats on or off, as ticked.
                    Note that the rhythm can be edited while playing.

    Copy rhythm     Adds a new rhythm with the notes entered exactly as the
                    rhythm clicked on.

    Add rhythm      Adds a new blank rhythm.

    Clear rhythm    Clears all the note entries of the rhythm clicked on.

    No. of beats    Sets the number of beats in the rhythm clicked on, from
                    1 to 16.  Different rhythms can be of different lengths
                    in the same song.

    Chord volume    Sets the overall volume range for chords to either half
                    or full, relative to the keyboard.

    Bass volume     As above, for the bass.

    FX volume       As above, for FX instruments.

    Load rhythm     Loads the rhythm shown in the writable box.  The full
                    file path can be entered if required.  If only the last
                    file name, or "leaf", is entered the program attempts to
                    load from the "rhythms" directory.

                    Note that it is also posible to load a rhythm by
                    double-clicking on a file, dragging it to the
                    application's icon on the icon bar, or dragging it to
                    any of the application's windows.

                    In either case a new rhythm window will be opened, with
                    the file name in brackets, as well as its single
                    reference for use in the sequence windows.

    Save rhythm     A rhythm can be saved from the dialogue box either by
                    dragging the rhythm file icon (black notes in a blue
                    matrix with black outline) to a directory, or pressing
                    <Return> with the caret in the title box, or clicking on
                    "OK".  The full file path can be entered in the title
                    box, or the file will be saved to the "rhythms"
                    directory with a "leaf" name.  The rhythm window will
                    then be renamed.


Entering a Sequence of Chords:

A song is composed of one or more "sequences" of chords that are played in a
set order, or song "structure".  Each sequence can contain from 1 to 32
chords, each with its own rhythm which may vary in length or pattern
throughout the song.  Thus it is possible to add repeats, variations, intros
or codas as required, each sequence being referred to by its name, "A", "B",
"C", etc.  Up to 26 different sequences can be entered, but only 19 are
possible in any one song.

The chord names are entered in the larger white boxes by first pointing to
one and pressing "select" or "adjust" to position the caret.  The caret will
then appear in the box and the chord name can be typed in.  Only the
appropriate characters can be used, as follows:            

ABCDEFG     The root note of the chord.
#b          Sharp or flat.
Mm          Major or minor; M not required for simple major chords.
-           Diminished
+           Augmented
s           Suspended
6 7 11 13   Sixth, seventh, eleventh or thirteenth
/           Repeat chord
            No chord will play if the box is blank.

N.B.        It is essential to press <Return> with the caret in the box for
            the chord to be entered into the sequence array.

            The caret will then transfer to the next chord box, which will
            be added to the sequence if the previous entry was in the last
            box, unless it was the 32nd box.

It is also possible to delete a chord at the caret position by pressing
<Ctrl>+<D>, or insert a blank box by pressing <Ctrl>+<I>.

The rhythm associated with each chord is shown in the orange box to its
right.  Initially, these are all set to "a", but each one can be edited by
pointing to it and pressing "select" or "adjust" to position the caret,
deleting the old and entering the new rhythm reference.  Note that only
lower-case "a" - "z" will be accepted.

N.B.        Again, it is essential to press <Return> with the caret in the
            box for the rhythm to be entered into the sequence array.  The
            caret will then automatically move to the next rhythm.


Sequence Menu:

By pointing to any sequence window and pressing the "menu" button on its own
the Sequence Menu for that particular sequence will be displayed.  The
options from the top are:

    Play sequence   This will play the sequence once at the current tempo.
                    Note that a green cell will follow the chord currently
                    being played.

    Repeat          Toggles repeats on or off, as ticked.
                    Note that the sequence can be edited while playing.

    Copy sequence   Adds a new sequence with the chords and rhythms entered
                    exactly as the sequence clicked on.

    Add sequence    Adds a new blank sequence.

    Clear sequence  Clears the sequence clicked on.

    Global rhythm   Changes all the rhythm references in the sequence
                    clicked on to the reference entered in the writable box.


Keyboard Window:

A number of parameters can be set in the Keyboard window, as follows:

    Tempo           The current tempo is shown in centi-seconds of beat
                    length.  This can be changed by one up or down by
                    pointing to the red arrows and pressing "select", or 
                    doubled or halved by pressing "adjust".

    Keybd           Toggle "ON" or "OFF" by pointing and pressing "select"
                    or "adjust".

    Sustn           The keyboard sustain can be toggled "ON" or "OFF" by
                    pointing and pressing "select" or "adjust".

    Trans           The whole range of pitches for all instruments and
                    channels can be varied in intervals of 1/16 of a tone up 
                    or down by pointing to the red arrows and pressing
                    "select", or by a semi-tone by pressing "adjust".  The
                    total range is one octave.  This facility could be
                    useful if accompanying another instrument. 

The "Structure/Pause" box shows the current structure, with the current
sequence being played in brackets.  It is red when the music is paused and
white when playing.  The music can be paused or played (once initiated on
the appropriate menu) by pointing and pressing "select" or "adjust".

The current chord, bass and keyboard instrument is shown, but can only be
changed from the keyboard menu.


Keyboard Menu:

The keyboard menu can be displayed by pointing to the keyboard window and 
pressing the "menu" button.  The options from the top are:                 
 
    Load song       Loads the song shown in the writable box.  The full
                    file path can be entered if required.  If only the last
                    file name, or "leaf", is entered the program attempts to
                    load from the "songs" directory.

                    Note that it is also posible to load a song by
                    double-clicking on a file, dragging it to the
                    application's icon on the icon bar, or dragging it to
                    any of the application's windows.

                    In either case a new windows will be opened, with the
                    song file name shown in the keyboard window.
    
    Save song       A song can be saved from the dialogue box either by
                    dragging the song file icon (black notes on coloured
                    staves on a white background) to a directory, or
                    pressing <Return> with the caret in the title box, or
                    clicking on "OK".  The full file path can be entered in
                    the title box, or the file will be saved to the
                    "songs" directory with a "leaf" name.  The keyboard
                    window will then be renamed.

    Play song       This will play the song once at the current tempo.
                    Note that a green cell will follow the chord currently
                    being played, and an orange cell will follow the beat in
                    the rhythm being played (if tempo is 8 or slower).
    
    Repeat          Toggles repeats on or off, as ticked.
                    Note that the sequences and rhythms can be edited while
                    playing.
    
    Song structure  The song structure can be entered in the writable box as
                    a series of up to 19 sequences referred to as "A", "B",
                    "C", etc.  Repeats are allowed.

    Tempo           The tempo in centi-seconds per beat can be entered in
                    the writable box. 
    
    Chord octave    The range of pitches used for chords can be selected, as
                    shown by the tick.
    
    Bass octave     The range of pitches used for the bass line can be
                    selected, as shown by the tick.
    
    Keyboard octave The range of pitches used for the keyboard can be
                    selected, as shown by the tick.                    
    
    Instruments     The instrument or voice used for chords, bass, keyboard
                    or special effects (FX) 1-6 can be chosen, as shown by
                    the tick.  Up to 32 different voice samples are allowed.
 
                    To add a sound module, just double-click on its file
                    icon; to remove one, press F12 to get the O.S. command
                    line, then type "RMKill <module name>".  Press <Return>
                    to revert to the desk-top and then click on the "menu"
                    button with the arrow over the icon bar icon. Select
                    "Update Instruments" to ensure that all voices currently
                    installed are shown on the Instruments menu.                
                    The pitch of the special effects will be the same as the
                    chord note would be unless the channel is set to "FX" in
                    the "FX channel" dialogue box, as shown ticked.  The
                    rhythm windows will also show "FX" in the appropriate
                    channel.  The pitch at which the samples are played in
                    that channel will then be constant at middle "C".
    
    Stereo position A dialogue box will be displayed showing the stereo
                    position of all eight channels.  They can be modified by
                    pointing at the "radio" buttons and pressing "select" to
                    remove the box and "adjust" to retain it.  Incidentally,
                    all menu selections work in a similar fashion.

    Transpose       A transposition in 1/16ths of a tone can be entered in
                    the writable box.  All instruments are affected.


Chord Structure:

Although it is not necessary to understand harmonic structure or how the 
programme determines the various chord notes, the following may be of
interest.

The root note (1) is determined by the chord name.  Other notes (2-6) are 
determined by the programme according to the chord type as follows, using
"C"as an example; other chord roots are transposed accordingly:

Semitone      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
MajorInterval 1   2   3 4   5   6    7  8     9     10 11    12    13    14
MinorInterval 1   2 3   4   5   6 7     8     9  10    11    12    13 14
Note (in C)   C   D   E F   G   A    B  C     D     E  F     G     A     B
Chord/channel       
Major    (C)  1       2     3           4           5        6
minor    (m)  1     2       3           4        5           6
Seventh  (7)  1       2     3     4                 5        6
MinSvnth (m7) 1     2       3     4              5           6
MajSvnth (M7) 1       2     3        4              5        6
Augmentd (+)  1       2       3         4           5           6
Diminshd (-)  1     2     3     4       5        6
Suspnded (s)  1         2   3           4              5     6
Sixth    (6)  1       2         3       4           5              6     
Ninth    (9)  1       2     3                 4     5        6
Eleventh (11) 1         2   3     4                    5     6
Thirtnth (13) 1       2         3             4     5              6


If you have any comments or queries on the !Armony application please
contact:

Mike Smith, 57 Arlington Drive, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK1 8QL.

tel: 0625 431349

Program developed with routines written by A.P.Senior as provided with
the book "Basic Wimp Programming" published by Dabs Press.  









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00004eb0  20 35 20 20 20 20 20 20  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  | 5              |
00004ec0  36 0a 0a 0a 49 66 20 79  6f 75 20 68 61 76 65 20  |6...If you have |
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00004f30  76 65 2c 20 4d 61 63 63  6c 65 73 66 69 65 6c 64  |ve, Macclesfield|
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00004fc0  69 6d 70 20 50 72 6f 67  72 61 6d 6d 69 6e 67 22  |imp Programming"|
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00004fe0  62 73 20 50 72 65 73 73  2e 20 20 0a 0a 0a 0a 0a  |bs Press.  .....|
00004ff0  0a 0a 0a 0a 0a                                    |.....|
00004ff5