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F/MUSTXT1

This website contains an archive of files for the Acorn Electron, BBC Micro, Acorn Archimedes, Commodore 16 and Commodore 64 computers, which Dominic Ford has rescued from his private collection of floppy disks and cassettes.

Some of these files were originally commercial releases in the 1980s and 1990s, but they are now widely available online. I assume that copyright over them is no longer being asserted. If you own the copyright and would like files to be removed, please contact me.

Tape/disk: Home » Personal collection » Acorn ADFS disks » Electron_User_Group » EUG_22.ADF
Filename: F/MUSTXT1
Read OK:
File size: 19B2 bytes
Load address: 4D204556
Exec address: 58545355
File contents
�..>......*.......*.......*.......*.......*.......*.......*.......*.......*.<
Writing the screen for EUG22

Starting with the sound command details of which are in the  user
guide, I wrote a simple sound:
10 SOUND 1,-15,0,5

This produced a short tone.

The third parameter sets the pitch of the sound. I set this to A%
so that I could vary it:
10 SOUND 1,-15,A%,5

Now in order to get those values into the routine they need to be listed
and put in in some sort of order. The way I did this was with a FOR NEXT
loop and the READ statement.

The values for A% are in the DATA statements. Initially I set these to
play a short scale and used 8 notes. Because I wanted the data statements
read one at a time alternating with the text being printed onto the screen
I put each value into a separate line each begining with the command DATA.
To make it easier to access these DATA statements with the program I
started the DATA lines at 100. 

These DATA statements are read into the program with a read statement 
READ A%. To make the program cycle through each DATA value I used the FOR
NEXT loop. This is B%=100 TO 170 STEP 10.

The FOR NEXT loop has two effects. The first is to make the program cycle
eight times, 100 to 170 in increments of 10. If this had been the only use
of the FOR NEXT loop I could have used 1 to 7 but I needed to specify the
line numbers from which the READ A% should access data. I put in the command
RESTORE B%. RESTORE states which line the first DATA value can be found
and is most useful when there are more than one sets of DATA lines and the
two should not be mixed up. In this case there will be since the text is
also in its own DATA lines. So B% starts off as being equal to 100 and
with each cycle of the loop increases by 10 to 110, 120, 130 and so on. 

Finally I put in the NEXT command but added B% again because there is more
than one FOR NEXT loop and I wanted to make sure that this loop didn't
respond to the wrong NEXT.

So now I had:  10 FOR B% = 100 to 170 STEP 10
               20 SOUND 1,-15,A%,5
               30 RESTORE B%
               40 READ A%
               50 NEXT B%
              100 DATA 4
              110 DATA 12
              120 DATA 20
              ect.
The program will cycle eight times, reading a value for A% form a DATA
line each time inserting this into the SOUND command which will play a
note.

Now onto the text, and back to the music later.

The text routine isn't too different from the music routine. I started it
at line 400 to give me plenty of space to expand the music routine later
without having to renumber. The first line is a FOR NEXT loop this time
using E% and counts from 500 to 600 in increments of 10 so that it cycles
11 times. Then a RESTORE statement followed by a READ this time the value
was D$, $ because I am using string varibles, that is letters which need
to be treated as they appear rather than numeric variables, indicated
with %, which have to be used to calculate something else.

So now I have: 400 FOR E% = 500 TO 600 STEP 10
               410 RESTORE E%
               420 READ D$
               430 PRINT D$SPC1;
               440 NEXT
               450 
               500 DATA EUG22
               510 DATA MORE
               520 DATA FUN
               ect.

I put SPC1; into line 430 after the D$ to format the printout of the DATA
to make it more attractive. To be honest the words were the first things
which came into my head and when I tried to change them I had some trouble
formatting new ones to make them visually interesting. And after all the
point of the opening screen is visual effect rather than conveying
information of any importance.

Now back to the music.

The first thing to do was to make sure that the text and music would be
called up more or less at the same time. The easiest way to do this was to
treat the text as a subroutine. This is like a procedure but is called
with the command GOSUB <line number> . To my mind a subroutine isn't as
flexable as a procedure or as good but PCs don't tend to use procedures
and subroutines were on my mind at the time. I seem to remember an article
in EU once which may have implyed that subroutines are faster. I'll have
to look it up to check.

Anyway subroutine it is and that means that at the end of the subroutine
itself there must be a command RETURN to instruct the program to return to
the main program:

450 RETURN

Now it was quite important that the whole program continually cycled,
printing a full screen of text then scrolling upwards to print more so
giving that visual effect. If I just put GOSUB 400 then the text routine
would have run for the length of the music routine's FOR NEXT loop and
then restarted. This would have printed a few line of text then the screen
would blank and another few lines of test would have been printed again
from the top and so on. So I put: IF B%< 170 GOSUB 400 ELSE GOTO 10

This meant that the GOSUB was not called on the final cycle of the music's
FOR NEXT loop and so was not reset.

Now another problem is that BBC BASIC won't nest more than 10 FOR NEXT
loops at a time, it it does an error is generated. Easy to deal with,
start the program with: ON ERROR RUN

Now I needed to have some means of stopping the program by pressing the
SPACE bar and loading the main menu. 

I have used A=GET in the past but this won't work here since it will stop
the program on each cycle. So I used: IF INKEY(-99) THEN CHAIN "MENU".

INKEY(-99) will look for a key press in this case the key deemed (-99)
which is the SPACE bar. If it detects it it will hijack the program
otherwise it does nothing. By putting this line in the middle of the music
loop it will be checked once with each cycle.

So now the begining of my program looks like this:
10 ON ERROR RUN                           This causes errors to be ignored
20 MODE 3                                 For the text
30 FOR B% = 100 TO 170 STEP 10            Good old FOR NEXT loop
40                                        Back to this in a moment
50 SOUND 1,-15,A%,5                       To make the music 
60 IF B%< 170 GOSUB 400 ELSE GOTO 30      Calling the subroutine
70 IF INKEY(-99) THEN CHAIN "MENU"        Leaving the program
80 RESTORE B%                             First line of DATA for READ A%
90 READ A%: NEXT                          Two statements on one line
                                     because I was running short of lines.
100 DATA 4                                Value for 'C' in the SOUND table
                                          see the user guide.
00000000  81 2e 2e 3e 2e 2e 2e 2e  2e 2e 2a 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e  |...>......*.....|
00000010  2e 2e 2a 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e  2e 2e 2a 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e  |..*.......*.....|
*
00000040  2e 2e 2a 2e 2e 2e 2e 2e  2e 2e 2a 2e 3c 0d 57 72  |..*.......*.<.Wr|
00000050  69 74 69 6e 67 20 74 68  65 20 73 63 72 65 65 6e  |iting the screen|
00000060  20 66 6f 72 20 45 55 47  32 32 0d 0d 53 74 61 72  | for EUG22..Star|
00000070  74 69 6e 67 20 77 69 74  68 20 74 68 65 20 73 6f  |ting with the so|
00000080  75 6e 64 20 63 6f 6d 6d  61 6e 64 20 64 65 74 61  |und command deta|
00000090  69 6c 73 20 6f 66 20 77  68 69 63 68 20 61 72 65  |ils of which are|
000000a0  20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20  20 75 73 65 72 0d 67 75  | in the  user.gu|
000000b0  69 64 65 2c 20 49 20 77  72 6f 74 65 20 61 20 73  |ide, I wrote a s|
000000c0  69 6d 70 6c 65 20 73 6f  75 6e 64 3a 0d 31 30 20  |imple sound:.10 |
000000d0  53 4f 55 4e 44 20 31 2c  2d 31 35 2c 30 2c 35 0d  |SOUND 1,-15,0,5.|
000000e0  0d 54 68 69 73 20 70 72  6f 64 75 63 65 64 20 61  |.This produced a|
000000f0  20 73 68 6f 72 74 20 74  6f 6e 65 2e 0d 0d 54 68  | short tone...Th|
00000100  65 20 74 68 69 72 64 20  70 61 72 61 6d 65 74 65  |e third paramete|
00000110  72 20 73 65 74 73 20 74  68 65 20 70 69 74 63 68  |r sets the pitch|
00000120  20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20  73 6f 75 6e 64 2e 20 49  | of the sound. I|
00000130  20 73 65 74 20 74 68 69  73 20 74 6f 20 41 25 0d  | set this to A%.|
00000140  73 6f 20 74 68 61 74 20  49 20 63 6f 75 6c 64 20  |so that I could |
00000150  76 61 72 79 20 69 74 3a  0d 31 30 20 53 4f 55 4e  |vary it:.10 SOUN|
00000160  44 20 31 2c 2d 31 35 2c  41 25 2c 35 0d 0d 4e 6f  |D 1,-15,A%,5..No|
00000170  77 20 69 6e 20 6f 72 64  65 72 20 74 6f 20 67 65  |w in order to ge|
00000180  74 20 74 68 6f 73 65 20  76 61 6c 75 65 73 20 69  |t those values i|
00000190  6e 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20  72 6f 75 74 69 6e 65 20  |nto the routine |
000001a0  74 68 65 79 20 6e 65 65  64 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20  |they need to be |
000001b0  6c 69 73 74 65 64 0d 61  6e 64 20 70 75 74 20 69  |listed.and put i|
000001c0  6e 20 69 6e 20 73 6f 6d  65 20 73 6f 72 74 20 6f  |n in some sort o|
000001d0  66 20 6f 72 64 65 72 2e  20 54 68 65 20 77 61 79  |f order. The way|
000001e0  20 49 20 64 69 64 20 74  68 69 73 20 77 61 73 20  | I did this was |
000001f0  77 69 74 68 20 61 20 46  4f 52 20 4e 45 58 54 0d  |with a FOR NEXT.|
00000200  6c 6f 6f 70 20 61 6e 64  20 74 68 65 20 52 45 41  |loop and the REA|
00000210  44 20 73 74 61 74 65 6d  65 6e 74 2e 0d 0d 54 68  |D statement...Th|
00000220  65 20 76 61 6c 75 65 73  20 66 6f 72 20 41 25 20  |e values for A% |
00000230  61 72 65 20 69 6e 20 74  68 65 20 44 41 54 41 20  |are in the DATA |
00000240  73 74 61 74 65 6d 65 6e  74 73 2e 20 49 6e 69 74  |statements. Init|
00000250  69 61 6c 6c 79 20 49 20  73 65 74 20 74 68 65 73  |ially I set thes|
00000260  65 20 74 6f 0d 70 6c 61  79 20 61 20 73 68 6f 72  |e to.play a shor|
00000270  74 20 73 63 61 6c 65 20  61 6e 64 20 75 73 65 64  |t scale and used|
00000280  20 38 20 6e 6f 74 65 73  2e 20 42 65 63 61 75 73  | 8 notes. Becaus|
00000290  65 20 49 20 77 61 6e 74  65 64 20 74 68 65 20 64  |e I wanted the d|
000002a0  61 74 61 20 73 74 61 74  65 6d 65 6e 74 73 0d 72  |ata statements.r|
000002b0  65 61 64 20 6f 6e 65 20  61 74 20 61 20 74 69 6d  |ead one at a tim|
000002c0  65 20 61 6c 74 65 72 6e  61 74 69 6e 67 20 77 69  |e alternating wi|
000002d0  74 68 20 74 68 65 20 74  65 78 74 20 62 65 69 6e  |th the text bein|
000002e0  67 20 70 72 69 6e 74 65  64 20 6f 6e 74 6f 20 74  |g printed onto t|
000002f0  68 65 20 73 63 72 65 65  6e 0d 49 20 70 75 74 20  |he screen.I put |
00000300  65 61 63 68 20 76 61 6c  75 65 20 69 6e 74 6f 20  |each value into |
00000310  61 20 73 65 70 61 72 61  74 65 20 6c 69 6e 65 20  |a separate line |
00000320  65 61 63 68 20 62 65 67  69 6e 69 6e 67 20 77 69  |each begining wi|
00000330  74 68 20 74 68 65 20 63  6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 20 44  |th the command D|
00000340  41 54 41 2e 0d 54 6f 20  6d 61 6b 65 20 69 74 20  |ATA..To make it |
00000350  65 61 73 69 65 72 20 74  6f 20 61 63 63 65 73 73  |easier to access|
00000360  20 74 68 65 73 65 20 44  41 54 41 20 73 74 61 74  | these DATA stat|
00000370  65 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 77  69 74 68 20 74 68 65 20  |ements with the |
00000380  70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20  49 0d 73 74 61 72 74 65  |program I.starte|
00000390  64 20 74 68 65 20 44 41  54 41 20 6c 69 6e 65 73  |d the DATA lines|
000003a0  20 61 74 20 31 30 30 2e  20 0d 0d 54 68 65 73 65  | at 100. ..These|
000003b0  20 44 41 54 41 20 73 74  61 74 65 6d 65 6e 74 73  | DATA statements|
000003c0  20 61 72 65 20 72 65 61  64 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 74  | are read into t|
000003d0  68 65 20 70 72 6f 67 72  61 6d 20 77 69 74 68 20  |he program with |
000003e0  61 20 72 65 61 64 20 73  74 61 74 65 6d 65 6e 74  |a read statement|
000003f0  20 0d 52 45 41 44 20 41  25 2e 20 54 6f 20 6d 61  | .READ A%. To ma|
00000400  6b 65 20 74 68 65 20 70  72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 63  |ke the program c|
00000410  79 63 6c 65 20 74 68 72  6f 75 67 68 20 65 61 63  |ycle through eac|
00000420  68 20 44 41 54 41 20 76  61 6c 75 65 20 49 20 75  |h DATA value I u|
00000430  73 65 64 20 74 68 65 20  46 4f 52 0d 4e 45 58 54  |sed the FOR.NEXT|
00000440  20 6c 6f 6f 70 2e 20 54  68 69 73 20 69 73 20 42  | loop. This is B|
00000450  25 3d 31 30 30 20 54 4f  20 31 37 30 20 53 54 45  |%=100 TO 170 STE|
00000460  50 20 31 30 2e 0d 0d 54  68 65 20 46 4f 52 20 4e  |P 10...The FOR N|
00000470  45 58 54 20 6c 6f 6f 70  20 68 61 73 20 74 77 6f  |EXT loop has two|
00000480  20 65 66 66 65 63 74 73  2e 20 54 68 65 20 66 69  | effects. The fi|
00000490  72 73 74 20 69 73 20 74  6f 20 6d 61 6b 65 20 74  |rst is to make t|
000004a0  68 65 20 70 72 6f 67 72  61 6d 20 63 79 63 6c 65  |he program cycle|
000004b0  0d 65 69 67 68 74 20 74  69 6d 65 73 2c 20 31 30  |.eight times, 10|
000004c0  30 20 74 6f 20 31 37 30  20 69 6e 20 69 6e 63 72  |0 to 170 in incr|
000004d0  65 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 6f  66 20 31 30 2e 20 49 66  |ements of 10. If|
000004e0  20 74 68 69 73 20 68 61  64 20 62 65 65 6e 20 74  | this had been t|
000004f0  68 65 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20  75 73 65 0d 6f 66 20 74  |he only use.of t|
00000500  68 65 20 46 4f 52 20 4e  45 58 54 20 6c 6f 6f 70  |he FOR NEXT loop|
00000510  20 49 20 63 6f 75 6c 64  20 68 61 76 65 20 75 73  | I could have us|
00000520  65 64 20 31 20 74 6f 20  37 20 62 75 74 20 49 20  |ed 1 to 7 but I |
00000530  6e 65 65 64 65 64 20 74  6f 20 73 70 65 63 69 66  |needed to specif|
00000540  79 20 74 68 65 0d 6c 69  6e 65 20 6e 75 6d 62 65  |y the.line numbe|
00000550  72 73 20 66 72 6f 6d 20  77 68 69 63 68 20 74 68  |rs from which th|
00000560  65 20 52 45 41 44 20 41  25 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64  |e READ A% should|
00000570  20 61 63 63 65 73 73 20  64 61 74 61 2e 20 49 20  | access data. I |
00000580  70 75 74 20 69 6e 20 74  68 65 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61  |put in the comma|
00000590  6e 64 0d 52 45 53 54 4f  52 45 20 42 25 2e 20 52  |nd.RESTORE B%. R|
000005a0  45 53 54 4f 52 45 20 73  74 61 74 65 73 20 77 68  |ESTORE states wh|
000005b0  69 63 68 20 6c 69 6e 65  20 74 68 65 20 66 69 72  |ich line the fir|
000005c0  73 74 20 44 41 54 41 20  76 61 6c 75 65 20 63 61  |st DATA value ca|
000005d0  6e 20 62 65 20 66 6f 75  6e 64 0d 61 6e 64 20 69  |n be found.and i|
000005e0  73 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 75  73 65 66 75 6c 20 77 68  |s most useful wh|
000005f0  65 6e 20 74 68 65 72 65  20 61 72 65 20 6d 6f 72  |en there are mor|
00000600  65 20 74 68 61 6e 20 6f  6e 65 20 73 65 74 73 20  |e than one sets |
00000610  6f 66 20 44 41 54 41 20  6c 69 6e 65 73 20 61 6e  |of DATA lines an|
00000620  64 20 74 68 65 0d 74 77  6f 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64  |d the.two should|
00000630  20 6e 6f 74 20 62 65 20  6d 69 78 65 64 20 75 70  | not be mixed up|
00000640  2e 20 49 6e 20 74 68 69  73 20 63 61 73 65 20 74  |. In this case t|
00000650  68 65 72 65 20 77 69 6c  6c 20 62 65 20 73 69 6e  |here will be sin|
00000660  63 65 20 74 68 65 20 74  65 78 74 20 69 73 0d 61  |ce the text is.a|
00000670  6c 73 6f 20 69 6e 20 69  74 73 20 6f 77 6e 20 44  |lso in its own D|
00000680  41 54 41 20 6c 69 6e 65  73 2e 20 53 6f 20 42 25  |ATA lines. So B%|
00000690  20 73 74 61 72 74 73 20  6f 66 66 20 61 73 20 62  | starts off as b|
000006a0  65 69 6e 67 20 65 71 75  61 6c 20 74 6f 20 31 30  |eing equal to 10|
000006b0  30 20 61 6e 64 0d 77 69  74 68 20 65 61 63 68 20  |0 and.with each |
000006c0  63 79 63 6c 65 20 6f 66  20 74 68 65 20 6c 6f 6f  |cycle of the loo|
000006d0  70 20 69 6e 63 72 65 61  73 65 73 20 62 79 20 31  |p increases by 1|
000006e0  30 20 74 6f 20 31 31 30  2c 20 31 32 30 2c 20 31  |0 to 110, 120, 1|
000006f0  33 30 20 61 6e 64 20 73  6f 20 6f 6e 2e 20 0d 0d  |30 and so on. ..|
00000700  46 69 6e 61 6c 6c 79 20  49 20 70 75 74 20 69 6e  |Finally I put in|
00000710  20 74 68 65 20 4e 45 58  54 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e  | the NEXT comman|
00000720  64 20 62 75 74 20 61 64  64 65 64 20 42 25 20 61  |d but added B% a|
00000730  67 61 69 6e 20 62 65 63  61 75 73 65 20 74 68 65  |gain because the|
00000740  72 65 20 69 73 20 6d 6f  72 65 0d 74 68 61 6e 20  |re is more.than |
00000750  6f 6e 65 20 46 4f 52 20  4e 45 58 54 20 6c 6f 6f  |one FOR NEXT loo|
00000760  70 20 61 6e 64 20 49 20  77 61 6e 74 65 64 20 74  |p and I wanted t|
00000770  6f 20 6d 61 6b 65 20 73  75 72 65 20 74 68 61 74  |o make sure that|
00000780  20 74 68 69 73 20 6c 6f  6f 70 20 64 69 64 6e 27  | this loop didn'|
00000790  74 0d 72 65 73 70 6f 6e  64 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65  |t.respond to the|
000007a0  20 77 72 6f 6e 67 20 4e  45 58 54 2e 0d 0d 53 6f  | wrong NEXT...So|
000007b0  20 6e 6f 77 20 49 20 68  61 64 3a 20 20 31 30 20  | now I had:  10 |
000007c0  46 4f 52 20 42 25 20 3d  20 31 30 30 20 74 6f 20  |FOR B% = 100 to |
000007d0  31 37 30 20 53 54 45 50  20 31 30 0d 20 20 20 20  |170 STEP 10.    |
000007e0  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  20 20 20 32 30 20 53 4f  |           20 SO|
000007f0  55 4e 44 20 31 2c 2d 31  35 2c 41 25 2c 35 0d 20  |UND 1,-15,A%,5. |
00000800  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  20 20 20 20 20 20 33 30  |              30|
00000810  20 52 45 53 54 4f 52 45  20 42 25 0d 20 20 20 20  | RESTORE B%.    |
00000820  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  20 20 20 34 30 20 52 45  |           40 RE|
00000830  41 44 20 41 25 0d 20 20  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |AD A%.          |
00000840  20 20 20 20 20 35 30 20  4e 45 58 54 20 42 25 0d  |     50 NEXT B%.|
00000850  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  20 20 20 20 20 20 31 30  |              10|
00000860  30 20 44 41 54 41 20 34  0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |0 DATA 4.       |
00000870  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 31  31 30 20 44 41 54 41 20  |       110 DATA |
00000880  31 32 0d 20 20 20 20 20  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |12.             |
00000890  20 31 32 30 20 44 41 54  41 20 32 30 0d 20 20 20  | 120 DATA 20.   |
000008a0  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  20 20 20 65 63 74 2e 0d  |           ect..|
000008b0  54 68 65 20 70 72 6f 67  72 61 6d 20 77 69 6c 6c  |The program will|
000008c0  20 63 79 63 6c 65 20 65  69 67 68 74 20 74 69 6d  | cycle eight tim|
000008d0  65 73 2c 20 72 65 61 64  69 6e 67 20 61 20 76 61  |es, reading a va|
000008e0  6c 75 65 20 66 6f 72 20  41 25 20 66 6f 72 6d 20  |lue for A% form |
000008f0  61 20 44 41 54 41 0d 6c  69 6e 65 20 65 61 63 68  |a DATA.line each|
00000900  20 74 69 6d 65 20 69 6e  73 65 72 74 69 6e 67 20  | time inserting |
00000910  74 68 69 73 20 69 6e 74  6f 20 74 68 65 20 53 4f  |this into the SO|
00000920  55 4e 44 20 63 6f 6d 6d  61 6e 64 20 77 68 69 63  |UND command whic|
00000930  68 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 70  6c 61 79 20 61 0d 6e 6f  |h will play a.no|
00000940  74 65 2e 0d 0d 4e 6f 77  20 6f 6e 74 6f 20 74 68  |te...Now onto th|
00000950  65 20 74 65 78 74 2c 20  61 6e 64 20 62 61 63 6b  |e text, and back|
00000960  20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20  6d 75 73 69 63 20 6c 61  | to the music la|
00000970  74 65 72 2e 0d 0d 54 68  65 20 74 65 78 74 20 72  |ter...The text r|
00000980  6f 75 74 69 6e 65 20 69  73 6e 27 74 20 74 6f 6f  |outine isn't too|
00000990  20 64 69 66 66 65 72 65  6e 74 20 66 72 6f 6d 20  | different from |
000009a0  74 68 65 20 6d 75 73 69  63 20 72 6f 75 74 69 6e  |the music routin|
000009b0  65 2e 20 49 20 73 74 61  72 74 65 64 20 69 74 0d  |e. I started it.|
000009c0  61 74 20 6c 69 6e 65 20  34 30 30 20 74 6f 20 67  |at line 400 to g|
000009d0  69 76 65 20 6d 65 20 70  6c 65 6e 74 79 20 6f 66  |ive me plenty of|
000009e0  20 73 70 61 63 65 20 74  6f 20 65 78 70 61 6e 64  | space to expand|
000009f0  20 74 68 65 20 6d 75 73  69 63 20 72 6f 75 74 69  | the music routi|
00000a00  6e 65 20 6c 61 74 65 72  0d 77 69 74 68 6f 75 74  |ne later.without|
00000a10  20 68 61 76 69 6e 67 20  74 6f 20 72 65 6e 75 6d  | having to renum|
00000a20  62 65 72 2e 20 54 68 65  20 66 69 72 73 74 20 6c  |ber. The first l|
00000a30  69 6e 65 20 69 73 20 61  20 46 4f 52 20 4e 45 58  |ine is a FOR NEX|
00000a40  54 20 6c 6f 6f 70 20 74  68 69 73 20 74 69 6d 65  |T loop this time|
00000a50  0d 75 73 69 6e 67 20 45  25 20 61 6e 64 20 63 6f  |.using E% and co|
00000a60  75 6e 74 73 20 66 72 6f  6d 20 35 30 30 20 74 6f  |unts from 500 to|
00000a70  20 36 30 30 20 69 6e 20  69 6e 63 72 65 6d 65 6e  | 600 in incremen|
00000a80  74 73 20 6f 66 20 31 30  20 73 6f 20 74 68 61 74  |ts of 10 so that|
00000a90  20 69 74 20 63 79 63 6c  65 73 0d 31 31 20 74 69  | it cycles.11 ti|
00000aa0  6d 65 73 2e 20 54 68 65  6e 20 61 20 52 45 53 54  |mes. Then a REST|
00000ab0  4f 52 45 20 73 74 61 74  65 6d 65 6e 74 20 66 6f  |ORE statement fo|
00000ac0  6c 6c 6f 77 65 64 20 62  79 20 61 20 52 45 41 44  |llowed by a READ|
00000ad0  20 74 68 69 73 20 74 69  6d 65 20 74 68 65 20 76  | this time the v|
00000ae0  61 6c 75 65 0d 77 61 73  20 44 24 2c 20 24 20 62  |alue.was D$, $ b|
00000af0  65 63 61 75 73 65 20 49  20 61 6d 20 75 73 69 6e  |ecause I am usin|
00000b00  67 20 73 74 72 69 6e 67  20 76 61 72 69 62 6c 65  |g string varible|
00000b10  73 2c 20 74 68 61 74 20  69 73 20 6c 65 74 74 65  |s, that is lette|
00000b20  72 73 20 77 68 69 63 68  20 6e 65 65 64 0d 74 6f  |rs which need.to|
00000b30  20 62 65 20 74 72 65 61  74 65 64 20 61 73 20 74  | be treated as t|
00000b40  68 65 79 20 61 70 70 65  61 72 20 72 61 74 68 65  |hey appear rathe|
00000b50  72 20 74 68 61 6e 20 6e  75 6d 65 72 69 63 20 76  |r than numeric v|
00000b60  61 72 69 61 62 6c 65 73  2c 20 69 6e 64 69 63 61  |ariables, indica|
00000b70  74 65 64 0d 77 69 74 68  20 25 2c 20 77 68 69 63  |ted.with %, whic|
00000b80  68 20 68 61 76 65 20 74  6f 20 62 65 20 75 73 65  |h have to be use|
00000b90  64 20 74 6f 20 63 61 6c  63 75 6c 61 74 65 20 73  |d to calculate s|
00000ba0  6f 6d 65 74 68 69 6e 67  20 65 6c 73 65 2e 0d 0d  |omething else...|
00000bb0  53 6f 20 6e 6f 77 20 49  20 68 61 76 65 3a 20 34  |So now I have: 4|
00000bc0  30 30 20 46 4f 52 20 45  25 20 3d 20 35 30 30 20  |00 FOR E% = 500 |
00000bd0  54 4f 20 36 30 30 20 53  54 45 50 20 31 30 0d 20  |TO 600 STEP 10. |
00000be0  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  20 20 20 20 20 20 34 31  |              41|
00000bf0  30 20 52 45 53 54 4f 52  45 20 45 25 0d 20 20 20  |0 RESTORE E%.   |
00000c00  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  20 20 20 20 34 32 30 20  |            420 |
00000c10  52 45 41 44 20 44 24 0d  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |READ D$.        |
00000c20  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 34  33 30 20 50 52 49 4e 54  |       430 PRINT|
00000c30  20 44 24 53 50 43 31 3b  0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  | D$SPC1;.       |
00000c40  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  34 34 30 20 4e 45 58 54  |        440 NEXT|
00000c50  0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |.               |
00000c60  34 35 30 20 0d 20 20 20  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |450 .           |
00000c70  20 20 20 20 35 30 30 20  44 41 54 41 20 45 55 47  |    500 DATA EUG|
00000c80  32 32 0d 20 20 20 20 20  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |22.             |
00000c90  20 20 35 31 30 20 44 41  54 41 20 4d 4f 52 45 0d  |  510 DATA MORE.|
00000ca0  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 35  |               5|
00000cb0  32 30 20 44 41 54 41 20  46 55 4e 0d 20 20 20 20  |20 DATA FUN.    |
00000cc0  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  20 20 20 65 63 74 2e 0d  |           ect..|
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00000d00  74 20 74 68 65 20 70 72  69 6e 74 6f 75 74 20 6f  |t the printout o|
00000d10  66 20 74 68 65 20 44 41  54 41 0d 74 6f 20 6d 61  |f the DATA.to ma|
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00000e60  61 63 6b 20 74 6f 20 74  68 65 20 6d 75 73 69 63  |ack to the music|
00000e70  2e 0d 0d 54 68 65 20 66  69 72 73 74 20 74 68 69  |...The first thi|
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00000f50  68 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f  6d 6d 61 6e 64 20 47 4f  |h the command GO|
00000f60  53 55 42 20 3c 6c 69 6e  65 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72  |SUB <line number|
00000f70  3e 20 2e 20 54 6f 20 6d  79 20 6d 69 6e 64 20 61  |> . To my mind a|
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00000f90  74 20 61 73 0d 66 6c 65  78 61 62 6c 65 20 61 73  |t as.flexable as|
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00000fd0  65 20 70 72 6f 63 65 64  75 72 65 73 0d 61 6e 64  |e procedures.and|
00000fe0  20 73 75 62 72 6f 75 74  69 6e 65 73 20 77 65 72  | subroutines wer|
00000ff0  65 20 6f 6e 20 6d 79 20  6d 69 6e 64 20 61 74 20  |e on my mind at |
00001000  74 68 65 20 74 69 6d 65  2e 20 49 20 73 65 65 6d  |the time. I seem|
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000010d0  6e 65 0d 69 74 73 65 6c  66 20 74 68 65 72 65 20  |ne.itself there |
000010e0  6d 75 73 74 20 62 65 20  61 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e  |must be a comman|
000010f0  64 20 52 45 54 55 52 4e  20 74 6f 20 69 6e 73 74  |d RETURN to inst|
00001100  72 75 63 74 20 74 68 65  20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d  |ruct the program|
00001110  20 74 6f 20 72 65 74 75  72 6e 20 74 6f 0d 74 68  | to return to.th|
00001120  65 20 6d 61 69 6e 20 70  72 6f 67 72 61 6d 3a 0d  |e main program:.|
00001130  0d 34 35 30 20 52 45 54  55 52 4e 0d 0d 4e 6f 77  |.450 RETURN..Now|
00001140  20 69 74 20 77 61 73 20  71 75 69 74 65 20 69 6d  | it was quite im|
00001150  70 6f 72 74 61 6e 74 20  74 68 61 74 20 74 68 65  |portant that the|
00001160  20 77 68 6f 6c 65 20 70  72 6f 67 72 61 6d 20 63  | whole program c|
00001170  6f 6e 74 69 6e 75 61 6c  6c 79 20 63 79 63 6c 65  |ontinually cycle|
00001180  64 2c 0d 70 72 69 6e 74  69 6e 67 20 61 20 66 75  |d,.printing a fu|
00001190  6c 6c 20 73 63 72 65 65  6e 20 6f 66 20 74 65 78  |ll screen of tex|
000011a0  74 20 74 68 65 6e 20 73  63 72 6f 6c 6c 69 6e 67  |t then scrolling|
000011b0  20 75 70 77 61 72 64 73  20 74 6f 20 70 72 69 6e  | upwards to prin|
000011c0  74 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 73  6f 0d 67 69 76 69 6e 67  |t more so.giving|
000011d0  20 74 68 61 74 20 76 69  73 75 61 6c 20 65 66 66  | that visual eff|
000011e0  65 63 74 2e 20 49 66 20  49 20 6a 75 73 74 20 70  |ect. If I just p|
000011f0  75 74 20 47 4f 53 55 42  20 34 30 30 20 74 68 65  |ut GOSUB 400 the|
00001200  6e 20 74 68 65 20 74 65  78 74 20 72 6f 75 74 69  |n the text routi|
00001210  6e 65 0d 77 6f 75 6c 64  20 68 61 76 65 20 72 75  |ne.would have ru|
00001220  6e 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68  65 20 6c 65 6e 67 74 68  |n for the length|
00001230  20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20  6d 75 73 69 63 20 72 6f  | of the music ro|
00001240  75 74 69 6e 65 27 73 20  46 4f 52 20 4e 45 58 54  |utine's FOR NEXT|
00001250  20 6c 6f 6f 70 20 61 6e  64 0d 74 68 65 6e 20 72  | loop and.then r|
00001260  65 73 74 61 72 74 65 64  2e 20 54 68 69 73 20 77  |estarted. This w|
00001270  6f 75 6c 64 20 68 61 76  65 20 70 72 69 6e 74 65  |ould have printe|
00001280  64 20 61 20 66 65 77 20  6c 69 6e 65 20 6f 66 20  |d a few line of |
00001290  74 65 78 74 20 74 68 65  6e 20 74 68 65 20 73 63  |text then the sc|
000012a0  72 65 65 6e 0d 77 6f 75  6c 64 20 62 6c 61 6e 6b  |reen.would blank|
000012b0  20 61 6e 64 20 61 6e 6f  74 68 65 72 20 66 65 77  | and another few|
000012c0  20 6c 69 6e 65 73 20 6f  66 20 74 65 73 74 20 77  | lines of test w|
000012d0  6f 75 6c 64 20 68 61 76  65 20 62 65 65 6e 20 70  |ould have been p|
000012e0  72 69 6e 74 65 64 20 61  67 61 69 6e 0d 66 72 6f  |rinted again.fro|
000012f0  6d 20 74 68 65 20 74 6f  70 20 61 6e 64 20 73 6f  |m the top and so|
00001300  20 6f 6e 2e 20 53 6f 20  49 20 70 75 74 3a 20 49  | on. So I put: I|
00001310  46 20 42 25 3c 20 31 37  30 20 47 4f 53 55 42 20  |F B%< 170 GOSUB |
00001320  34 30 30 20 45 4c 53 45  20 47 4f 54 4f 20 31 30  |400 ELSE GOTO 10|
00001330  0d 0d 54 68 69 73 20 6d  65 61 6e 74 20 74 68 61  |..This meant tha|
00001340  74 20 74 68 65 20 47 4f  53 55 42 20 77 61 73 20  |t the GOSUB was |
00001350  6e 6f 74 20 63 61 6c 6c  65 64 20 6f 6e 20 74 68  |not called on th|
00001360  65 20 66 69 6e 61 6c 20  63 79 63 6c 65 20 6f 66  |e final cycle of|
00001370  20 74 68 65 20 6d 75 73  69 63 27 73 0d 46 4f 52  | the music's.FOR|
00001380  20 4e 45 58 54 20 6c 6f  6f 70 20 61 6e 64 20 73  | NEXT loop and s|
00001390  6f 20 77 61 73 20 6e 6f  74 20 72 65 73 65 74 2e  |o was not reset.|
000013a0  0d 0d 4e 6f 77 20 61 6e  6f 74 68 65 72 20 70 72  |..Now another pr|
000013b0  6f 62 6c 65 6d 20 69 73  20 74 68 61 74 20 42 42  |oblem is that BB|
000013c0  43 20 42 41 53 49 43 20  77 6f 6e 27 74 20 6e 65  |C BASIC won't ne|
000013d0  73 74 20 6d 6f 72 65 20  74 68 61 6e 20 31 30 20  |st more than 10 |
000013e0  46 4f 52 20 4e 45 58 54  0d 6c 6f 6f 70 73 20 61  |FOR NEXT.loops a|
000013f0  74 20 61 20 74 69 6d 65  2c 20 69 74 20 69 74 20  |t a time, it it |
00001400  64 6f 65 73 20 61 6e 20  65 72 72 6f 72 20 69 73  |does an error is|
00001410  20 67 65 6e 65 72 61 74  65 64 2e 20 45 61 73 79  | generated. Easy|
00001420  20 74 6f 20 64 65 61 6c  20 77 69 74 68 2c 0d 73  | to deal with,.s|
00001430  74 61 72 74 20 74 68 65  20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d  |tart the program|
00001440  20 77 69 74 68 3a 20 4f  4e 20 45 52 52 4f 52 20  | with: ON ERROR |
00001450  52 55 4e 0d 0d 4e 6f 77  20 49 20 6e 65 65 64 65  |RUN..Now I neede|
00001460  64 20 74 6f 20 68 61 76  65 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 6d  |d to have some m|
00001470  65 61 6e 73 20 6f 66 20  73 74 6f 70 70 69 6e 67  |eans of stopping|
00001480  20 74 68 65 20 70 72 6f  67 72 61 6d 20 62 79 20  | the program by |
00001490  70 72 65 73 73 69 6e 67  20 74 68 65 0d 53 50 41  |pressing the.SPA|
000014a0  43 45 20 62 61 72 20 61  6e 64 20 6c 6f 61 64 69  |CE bar and loadi|
000014b0  6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 6d  61 69 6e 20 6d 65 6e 75  |ng the main menu|
000014c0  2e 20 0d 0d 49 20 68 61  76 65 20 75 73 65 64 20  |. ..I have used |
000014d0  41 3d 47 45 54 20 69 6e  20 74 68 65 20 70 61 73  |A=GET in the pas|
000014e0  74 20 62 75 74 20 74 68  69 73 20 77 6f 6e 27 74  |t but this won't|
000014f0  20 77 6f 72 6b 20 68 65  72 65 20 73 69 6e 63 65  | work here since|
00001500  20 69 74 20 77 69 6c 6c  20 73 74 6f 70 0d 74 68  | it will stop.th|
00001510  65 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61  6d 20 6f 6e 20 65 61 63  |e program on eac|
00001520  68 20 63 79 63 6c 65 2e  20 53 6f 20 49 20 75 73  |h cycle. So I us|
00001530  65 64 3a 20 49 46 20 49  4e 4b 45 59 28 2d 39 39  |ed: IF INKEY(-99|
00001540  29 20 54 48 45 4e 20 43  48 41 49 4e 20 22 4d 45  |) THEN CHAIN "ME|
00001550  4e 55 22 2e 0d 0d 49 4e  4b 45 59 28 2d 39 39 29  |NU"...INKEY(-99)|
00001560  20 77 69 6c 6c 20 6c 6f  6f 6b 20 66 6f 72 20 61  | will look for a|
00001570  20 6b 65 79 20 70 72 65  73 73 20 69 6e 20 74 68  | key press in th|
00001580  69 73 20 63 61 73 65 20  74 68 65 20 6b 65 79 20  |is case the key |
00001590  64 65 65 6d 65 64 20 28  2d 39 39 29 0d 77 68 69  |deemed (-99).whi|
000015a0  63 68 20 69 73 20 74 68  65 20 53 50 41 43 45 20  |ch is the SPACE |
000015b0  62 61 72 2e 20 49 66 20  69 74 20 64 65 74 65 63  |bar. If it detec|
000015c0  74 73 20 69 74 20 69 74  20 77 69 6c 6c 20 68 69  |ts it it will hi|
000015d0  6a 61 63 6b 20 74 68 65  20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d  |jack the program|
000015e0  0d 6f 74 68 65 72 77 69  73 65 20 69 74 20 64 6f  |.otherwise it do|
000015f0  65 73 20 6e 6f 74 68 69  6e 67 2e 20 42 79 20 70  |es nothing. By p|
00001600  75 74 74 69 6e 67 20 74  68 69 73 20 6c 69 6e 65  |utting this line|
00001610  20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20  6d 69 64 64 6c 65 20 6f  | in the middle o|
00001620  66 20 74 68 65 20 6d 75  73 69 63 0d 6c 6f 6f 70  |f the music.loop|
00001630  20 69 74 20 77 69 6c 6c  20 62 65 20 63 68 65 63  | it will be chec|
00001640  6b 65 64 20 6f 6e 63 65  20 77 69 74 68 20 65 61  |ked once with ea|
00001650  63 68 20 63 79 63 6c 65  2e 0d 0d 53 6f 20 6e 6f  |ch cycle...So no|
00001660  77 20 74 68 65 20 62 65  67 69 6e 69 6e 67 20 6f  |w the begining o|
00001670  66 20 6d 79 20 70 72 6f  67 72 61 6d 20 6c 6f 6f  |f my program loo|
00001680  6b 73 20 6c 69 6b 65 20  74 68 69 73 3a 0d 31 30  |ks like this:.10|
00001690  20 4f 4e 20 45 52 52 4f  52 20 52 55 4e 20 20 20  | ON ERROR RUN   |
000016a0  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |                |
000016b0  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  54 68 69 73 20 63 61 75  |        This cau|
000016c0  73 65 73 20 65 72 72 6f  72 73 20 74 6f 20 62 65  |ses errors to be|
000016d0  20 69 67 6e 6f 72 65 64  0d 32 30 20 4d 4f 44 45  | ignored.20 MODE|
000016e0  20 33 20 20 20 20 20 20  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  | 3              |
000016f0  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |                |
00001700  20 20 20 46 6f 72 20 74  68 65 20 74 65 78 74 0d  |   For the text.|
00001710  33 30 20 46 4f 52 20 42  25 20 3d 20 31 30 30 20  |30 FOR B% = 100 |
00001720  54 4f 20 31 37 30 20 53  54 45 50 20 31 30 20 20  |TO 170 STEP 10  |
00001730  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  20 20 47 6f 6f 64 20 6f  |          Good o|
00001740  6c 64 20 46 4f 52 20 4e  45 58 54 20 6c 6f 6f 70  |ld FOR NEXT loop|
00001750  0d 34 30 20 20 20 20 20  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |.40             |
00001760  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |                |
00001770  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  20 20 20 42 61 63 6b 20  |           Back |
00001780  74 6f 20 74 68 69 73 20  69 6e 20 61 20 6d 6f 6d  |to this in a mom|
00001790  65 6e 74 0d 35 30 20 53  4f 55 4e 44 20 31 2c 2d  |ent.50 SOUND 1,-|
000017a0  31 35 2c 41 25 2c 35 20  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |15,A%,5         |
000017b0  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  20 20 20 20 20 20 54 6f  |              To|
000017c0  20 6d 61 6b 65 20 74 68  65 20 6d 75 73 69 63 20  | make the music |
000017d0  0d 36 30 20 49 46 20 42  25 3c 20 31 37 30 20 47  |.60 IF B%< 170 G|
000017e0  4f 53 55 42 20 34 30 30  20 45 4c 53 45 20 47 4f  |OSUB 400 ELSE GO|
000017f0  54 4f 20 33 30 20 20 20  20 20 20 43 61 6c 6c 69  |TO 30      Calli|
00001800  6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 73  75 62 72 6f 75 74 69 6e  |ng the subroutin|
00001810  65 0d 37 30 20 49 46 20  49 4e 4b 45 59 28 2d 39  |e.70 IF INKEY(-9|
00001820  39 29 20 54 48 45 4e 20  43 48 41 49 4e 20 22 4d  |9) THEN CHAIN "M|
00001830  45 4e 55 22 20 20 20 20  20 20 20 20 4c 65 61 76  |ENU"        Leav|
00001840  69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20  70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 0d  |ing the program.|
00001850  38 30 20 52 45 53 54 4f  52 45 20 42 25 20 20 20  |80 RESTORE B%   |
00001860  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |                |
00001870  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  20 20 46 69 72 73 74 20  |          First |
00001880  6c 69 6e 65 20 6f 66 20  44 41 54 41 20 66 6f 72  |line of DATA for|
00001890  20 52 45 41 44 20 41 25  0d 39 30 20 52 45 41 44  | READ A%.90 READ|
000018a0  20 41 25 3a 20 4e 45 58  54 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  | A%: NEXT       |
000018b0  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |                |
000018c0  20 20 20 54 77 6f 20 73  74 61 74 65 6d 65 6e 74  |   Two statement|
000018d0  73 20 6f 6e 20 6f 6e 65  20 6c 69 6e 65 0d 20 20  |s on one line.  |
000018e0  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |                |
*
00001900  20 20 20 62 65 63 61 75  73 65 20 49 20 77 61 73  |   because I was|
00001910  20 72 75 6e 6e 69 6e 67  20 73 68 6f 72 74 20 6f  | running short o|
00001920  66 20 6c 69 6e 65 73 2e  0d 31 30 30 20 44 41 54  |f lines..100 DAT|
00001930  41 20 34 20 20 20 20 20  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |A 4             |
00001940  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |                |
00001950  20 20 20 56 61 6c 75 65  20 66 6f 72 20 27 43 27  |   Value for 'C'|
00001960  20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20  53 4f 55 4e 44 20 74 61  | in the SOUND ta|
00001970  62 6c 65 0d 20 20 20 20  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |ble.            |
00001980  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |                |
00001990  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  20 20 20 20 20 20 73 65  |              se|
000019a0  65 20 74 68 65 20 75 73  65 72 20 67 75 69 64 65  |e the user guide|
000019b0  2e 0d                                             |..|
000019b2
F/MUSTXT1.m0
F/MUSTXT1.m1
F/MUSTXT1.m2
F/MUSTXT1.m4
F/MUSTXT1.m5