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Resources/unzip.doc
This website contains an archive of files for the Acorn Electron, BBC Micro, Acorn Archimedes, Commodore 16 and Commodore 64 computers, which Dominic Ford has rescued from his private collection of floppy disks and cassettes.
Some of these files were originally commercial releases in the 1980s and 1990s, but they are now widely available online. I assume that copyright over them is no longer being asserted. If you own the copyright and would like files to be removed, please contact me.
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File contents
UNZIP(1L) UNZIP(1L)
NAME
unzip - list, test and extract compressed files in a ZIP
archive
SYNOPSIS
unzip [-Z] [-cflptuvz[abjnoqsCLMVX$]] file[.zip]
[file(s) ...] [-x xfile(s) ...] [-d exdir]
DESCRIPTION
unzip will list, test, or extract files from a ZIP
archive, commonly found on MS-DOS systems. The default
behavior (with no options) is to extract into the current
directory (and subdirectories below it) all files from the
specified ZIP archive. A companion program, zip(1L), cre-
ates ZIP archives; both programs are compatible with
archives created by PKWARE's PKZIP and PKUNZIP for MS-DOS,
but in many cases the program options or default behaviors
differ.
ARGUMENTS
file[.zip]
Path of the ZIP archive(s). If the file specifica-
tion is a wildcard, each matching file is processed
in an order determined by the operating system (or
file system). Only the filename can be a wildcard;
the path itself cannot. Wildcard expressions are
similar to Unix egrep(1) (regular) expressions and
may contain:
* matches a sequence of 0 or more characters
? matches exactly 1 character
[...] matches any single character found inside
the brackets; ranges are specified by a
beginning character, a hyphen, and an ending
character. If an exclamation point or a
caret (`!' or `^') follows the left bracket,
then the range of characters within the
brackets is complemented (that is, anything
except the characters inside the brackets is
considered a match).
(Be sure to quote any character that might other-
wise be interpreted or modified by the operating
system, particularly under Unix and VMS.) If no
matches are found, the specification is assumed to
be a literal filename; and if that also fails, the
suffix .zip is appended. Note that self-extracting
ZIP files are supported, as with any other ZIP
archive; just specify the .exe suffix (if any)
explicitly.
Info-ZIP 3 November 1997 (v5.32) 1
UNZIP(1L) UNZIP(1L)
[file(s)]
An optional list of archive members to be pro-
cessed, separated by spaces. (VMS versions com-
piled with VMSCLI defined must delimit files with
commas instead. See -v in OPTIONS below.) Regular
expressions (wildcards) may be used to match multi-
ple members; see above. Again, be sure to quote
expressions that would otherwise be expanded or
modified by the operating system.
[-x xfile(s)]
An optional list of archive members to be excluded
from processing. Since wildcard characters match
directory separators (`/'), this option may be used
to exclude any files that are in subdirectories.
For example, ``unzip foo *.[ch] -x */*'' would
extract all C source files in the main directory,
but none in any subdirectories. Without the -x
option, all C source files in all directories
within the zipfile would be extracted.
[-d exdir]
An optional directory to which to extract files.
By default, all files and subdirectories are recre-
ated in the current directory; the -d option allows
extraction in an arbitrary directory (always assum-
ing one has permission to write to the directory).
This option need not appear at the end of the com-
mand line; it is also accepted before the zipfile
specification (with the normal options), immedi-
ately after the zipfile specification, or between
the file(s) and the -x option. The option and
directory may be concatenated without any white
space between them, but note that this may cause
normal shell behavior to be suppressed. In partic-
ular, ``-d ~'' (tilde) is expanded by Unix C shells
into the name of the user's home directory, but
``-d~'' is treated as a literal subdirectory ``~''
of the current directory.
OPTIONS
Note that, in order to support obsolescent hardware,
unzip's usage screen is limited to 22 or 23 lines and
should therefore be considered only a reminder of the
basic unzip syntax rather than an exhaustive list of all
possible flags. The exhaustive list follows:
-Z zipinfo(1L) mode. If the first option on the com-
mand line is -Z, the remaining options are taken to
be zipinfo(1L) options. See the appropriate manual
page for a description of these options.
-A [OS/2, Unix DLL] print extended help for the DLL's
programming interface (API).
Info-ZIP 3 November 1997 (v5.32) 2
UNZIP(1L) UNZIP(1L)
-c extract files to stdout/screen (``CRT''). This
option is similar to the -p option except that the
name of each file is printed as it is extracted,
the -a option is allowed, and ASCII-EBCDIC conver-
sion is automatically performed if appropriate.
This option is not listed in the unzip usage
screen.
-f freshen existing files, i.e., extract only those
files that already exist on disk and that are newer
than the disk copies. By default unzip queries
before overwriting, but the -o option may be used
to suppress the queries. Note that under many
operating systems, the TZ (timezone) environment
variable must be set correctly in order for -f and
-u to work properly (under Unix the variable is
usually set automatically). The reasons for this
are somewhat subtle but have to do with the differ-
ences between DOS-format file times (always local
time) and Unix-format times (always in GMT/UTC) and
the necessity to compare the two. A typical TZ
value is ``PST8PDT'' (US Pacific time with auto-
matic adjustment for Daylight Savings Time or
``summer time'').
-l list archive files (short format). The names,
uncompressed file sizes and modification dates and
times of the specified files are printed, along
with totals for all files specified. If UnZip was
compiled with OS2_EAS defined, the -l option also
lists columns for the sizes of stored OS/2 extended
attributes (EAs) and OS/2 access control lists
(ACLs). In addition, the zipfile comment and indi-
vidual file comments (if any) are displayed. If a
file was archived from a single-case file system
(for example, the old MS-DOS FAT file system) and
the -L option was given, the filename is converted
to lowercase and is prefixed with a caret (^).
-p extract files to pipe (stdout). Nothing but the
file data is sent to stdout, and the files are
always extracted in binary format, just as they are
stored (no conversions).
-t test archive files. This option extracts each
specified file in memory and compares the CRC
(cyclic redundancy check, an enhanced checksum) of
the expanded file with the original file's stored
CRC value.
-T [most OSes] set the timestamp on the archive(s) to
that of the newest file in each one. This corre-
sponds to zip's -go option except that it can be
used on wildcard zipfiles (e.g., ``unzip -T
Info-ZIP 3 November 1997 (v5.32) 3
UNZIP(1L) UNZIP(1L)
\*.zip'') and is much faster.
-u update existing files and create new ones if
needed. This option performs the same function as
the -f option, extracting (with query) files that
are newer than those with the same name on disk,
and in addition it extracts those files that do not
already exist on disk. See -f above for informa-
tion on setting the timezone properly.
-v be verbose or print diagnostic version info. This
option has evolved and now behaves as both an
option and a modifier. As an option it has two
purposes: when a zipfile is specified with no
other options, -v lists archive files verbosely,
adding to the basic -l info the compression method,
compressed size, compression ratio and 32-bit CRC.
When no zipfile is specified (that is, the complete
command is simply ``unzip -v''), a diagnostic
screen is printed. In addition to the normal
header with release date and version, unzip lists
the home Info-ZIP ftp site and where to find a list
of other ftp and non-ftp sites; the target operat-
ing system for which it was compiled, as well as
(possibly) the hardware on which it was compiled,
the compiler and version used, and the compilation
date; any special compilation options that might
affect the program's operation (see also DECRYPTION
below); and any options stored in environment vari-
ables that might do the same (see ENVIRONMENT
OPTIONS below). As a modifier it works in conjunc-
tion with other options (e.g., -t) to produce more
verbose or debugging output; this is not yet fully
implemented but will be in future releases.
-z display only the archive comment.
MODIFIERS
-a convert text files. Ordinarily all files are
extracted exactly as they are stored (as ``binary''
files). The -a option causes files identified by
zip as text files (those with the `t' label in zip-
info listings, rather than `b') to be automatically
extracted as such, converting line endings, end-of-
file characters and the character set itself as
necessary. (For example, Unix files use line feeds
(LFs) for end-of-line (EOL) and have no end-of-file
(EOF) marker; Macintoshes use carriage returns
(CRs) for EOLs; and most PC operating systems use
CR+LF for EOLs and control-Z for EOF. In addition,
IBM mainframes and the Michigan Terminal System use
EBCDIC rather than the more common ASCII character
set, and NT supports Unicode.) Note that zip's
identification of text files is by no means
Info-ZIP 3 November 1997 (v5.32) 4
UNZIP(1L) UNZIP(1L)
perfect; some ``text'' files may actually be binary
and vice versa. unzip therefore prints ``[text]''
or ``[binary]'' as a visual check for each file it
extracts when using the -a option. The -aa option
forces all files to be extracted as text, regard-
less of the supposed file type.
-b [non-VMS] treat all files as binary (no text con-
versions). This is a shortcut for ---a.
-b [VMS] auto-convert binary files (see -a above) to
fixed-length, 512-byte record format. Doubling the
option (-bb) forces all files to be extracted in
this format.
-B [Unix only, and only if compiled with UNIXBACKUP
defined] save a backup copy of each overwritten
file with a tilde appended (e.g., the old copy of
``foo'' is renamed to ``foo~''). This is similar
to the default behavior of emacs(1) in many loca-
tions.
-C match filenames case-insensitively. unzip's phi-
losophy is ``you get what you ask for'' (this is
also responsible for the -L/-U change; see the rel-
evant options below). Because some file systems
are fully case-sensitive (notably those under the
Unix operating system) and because both ZIP
archives and unzip itself are portable across plat-
forms, unzip's default behavior is to match both
wildcard and literal filenames case-sensitively.
That is, specifying ``makefile'' on the command
line will only match ``makefile'' in the archive,
not ``Makefile'' or ``MAKEFILE'' (and similarly for
wildcard specifications). Since this does not cor-
respond to the behavior of many other operat-
ing/file systems (for example, OS/2 HPFS, which
preserves mixed case but is not sensitive to it),
the -C option may be used to force all filename
matches to be case-insensitive. In the example
above, all three files would then match ``make-
file'' (or ``make*'', or similar). The -C option
affects files in both the normal file list and the
excluded-file list (xlist).
-j junk paths. The archive's directory structure is
not recreated; all files are deposited in the
extraction directory (by default, the current one).
-L convert to lowercase any filename originating on an
uppercase-only operating system or file system.
(This was unzip's default behavior in releases
prior to 5.11; the new default behavior is identi-
cal to the old behavior with the -U option, which
Info-ZIP 3 November 1997 (v5.32) 5
UNZIP(1L) UNZIP(1L)
is now obsolete and will be removed in a future
release.) Depending on the archiver, files
archived under single-case file systems (VMS, old
MS-DOS FAT, etc.) may be stored as all-uppercase
names; this can be ugly or inconvenient when
extracting to a case-preserving file system such as
OS/2 HPFS or a case-sensitive one such as under
Unix. By default unzip lists and extracts such
filenames exactly as they're stored (excepting
truncation, conversion of unsupported characters,
etc.); this option causes the names of all files
from certain systems to be converted to lowercase.
-M pipe all output through an internal pager similar
to the Unixmore(1) command. At the end of a
screenful of output, unzip pauses with a
``--More--'' prompt; the next screenful may be
viewed by pressing the Enter (Return) key or the
space bar. unzip can be terminated by pressing the
``q'' key and, on some systems, the Enter/Return
key. Unlike Unix more(1), there is no forward-
searching or editing capability. Also, unzip
doesn't notice if long lines wrap at the edge of
the screen, effectively resulting in the printing
of two or more lines and the likelihood that some
text will scroll off the top of the screen before
being viewed. On some systems the number of avail-
able lines on the screen is not detected, in which
case unzip assumes the height is 24 lines.
-n never overwrite existing files. If a file already
exists, skip the extraction of that file without
prompting. By default unzip queries before
extracting any file that already exists; the user
may choose to overwrite only the current file,
overwrite all files, skip extraction of the current
file, skip extraction of all existing files, or
rename the current file.
-N [Amiga] extract file comments as Amiga filenotes.
File comments are created with the -c option of
zip(1L), or with the -N option of the Amiga port of
zip(1L), which stores filenotes as comments.
-o overwrite existing files without prompting. This
is a dangerous option, so use it with care. (It is
often used with -f, however, and is the only way to
overwrite directory EAs under OS/2.)
-P password
use password to decrypt encrypted zipfile entries
(if any). THIS IS INSECURE! Many multi-user oper-
ating systems provide ways for any user to see the
Info-ZIP 3 November 1997 (v5.32) 6
UNZIP(1L) UNZIP(1L)
current command line of any other user; even on
stand-alone systems there is always the threat of
over-the-shoulder peeking. Storing the plaintext
password as part of a command line in an automated
script is even worse. Whenever possible, use the
non-echoing, interactive prompt to enter passwords.
(And where security is truly important, use strong
encryption such as Pretty Good Privacy instead of
the relatively weak encryption provided by standard
zipfile utilities.)
-q perform operations quietly (-qq = even quieter).
Ordinarily unzip prints the names of the files it's
extracting or testing, the extraction methods, any
file or zipfile comments that may be stored in the
archive, and possibly a summary when finished with
each archive. The -q[q] options suppress the
printing of some or all of these messages.
-s [OS/2, NT, MS-DOS] convert spaces in filenames to
underscores. Since all PC operating systems allow
spaces in filenames, unzip by default extracts
filenames with spaces intact (e.g.,
``EA DATA. SF''). This can be awkward, however,
since MS-DOS in particular does not gracefully sup-
port spaces in filenames. Conversion of spaces to
underscores can eliminate the awkwardness in some
cases.
-U (obsolete; to be removed in a future release) leave
filenames uppercase if created under MS-DOS, VMS,
etc. See -L above.
-V retain (VMS) file version numbers. VMS files can
be stored with a version number, in the format
file.ext;##. By default the ``;##'' version num-
bers are stripped, but this option allows them to
be retained. (On file systems that limit filenames
to particularly short lengths, the version numbers
may be truncated or stripped regardless of this
option.)
-X [VMS, Unix, OS/2, NT] restore owner/protection info
(UICs) under VMS, or user and group info (UID/GID)
under Unix, or access control lists (ACLs) under
certain network-enabled versions of OS/2 (Warp
Server with IBM LAN Server/Requester 3.0 to 5.0;
Warp Connect with IBM Peer 1.0), or security ACLs
under Windows NT. In most cases this will require
special system privileges, and doubling the option
(-XX) under NT instructs unzip to use privileges
for extraction; but under Unix, for example, a user
who belongs to several groups can restore files
owned by any of those groups, as long as the user
Info-ZIP 3 November 1997 (v5.32) 7
UNZIP(1L) UNZIP(1L)
IDs match his or her own. Note that ordinary file
attributes are always restored--this option applies
only to optional, extra ownership info available on
some operating systems. [NT's access control lists
do not appear to be especially compatible with
OS/2's, so no attempt is made at cross-platform
portability of access privileges. It is not clear
under what conditions this would ever be useful
anyway.]
-$ [MS-DOS, OS/2, NT] restore the volume label if the
extraction medium is removable (e.g., a diskette).
Doubling the option (-$$) allows fixed media (hard
disks) to be labelled as well. By default, volume
labels are ignored.
ENVIRONMENT OPTIONS
unzip's default behavior may be modified via options
placed in an environment variable. This can be done with
any option, but it is probably most useful with the -a,
-L, -C, -q, -o, or -n modifiers: make unzip auto-convert
text files by default, make it convert filenames from
uppercase systems to lowercase, make it match names case-
insensitively, make it quieter, or make it always over-
write or never overwrite files as it extracts them. For
example, to make unzip act as quietly as possible, only
reporting errors, one would use one of the following com-
mands:
UNZIP=-qq; export UNZIP Unix Bourne shell
setenv UNZIP -qq Unix C shell
set UNZIP=-qq OS/2 or MS-DOS
define UNZIP_OPTS "-qq" VMS (quotes for lowercase)
Environment options are, in effect, considered to be just
like any other command-line options, except that they are
effectively the first options on the command line. To
override an environment option, one may use the ``minus
operator'' to remove it. For instance, to override one of
the quiet-flags in the example above, use the command
unzip --q[other options] zipfile
The first hyphen is the normal switch character, and the
second is a minus sign, acting on the q option. Thus the
effect here is to cancel one quantum of quietness. To
cancel both quiet flags, two (or more) minuses may be
used:
unzip -t--q zipfile
unzip ---qt zipfile
(the two are equivalent). This may seem awkward or con-
fusing, but it is reasonably intuitive: just ignore the
Info-ZIP 3 November 1997 (v5.32) 8
UNZIP(1L) UNZIP(1L)
first hyphen and go from there. It is also consistent
with the behavior of Unix nice(1).
As suggested by the examples above, the default variable
names are UNZIP_OPTS for VMS (where the symbol used to
install unzip as a foreign command would otherwise be con-
fused with the environment variable), and UNZIP for all
other operating systems. For compatibility with zip(1L),
UNZIPOPT is also accepted (don't ask). If both UNZIP and
UNZIPOPT are defined, however, UNZIP takes precedence.
unzip's diagnostic option (-v with no zipfile name) can be
used to check the values of all four possible unzip and
zipinfo environment variables.
The timezone variable (TZ) should be set according to the
local timezone in order for the -f and -u to operate cor-
rectly. See the description of -f above for details.
This variable may also be necessary in order for times-
tamps on extracted files to be set correctly. Under Win-
dows 95/NT unzip should know the correct timezone even if
TZ is unset, assuming the timezone is correctly set in the
Control Panel.
DECRYPTION
Encrypted archives are fully supported by Info-ZIP soft-
ware, but due to United States export restrictions, the
encryption and decryption sources are not packaged with
the regular unzip and zip distributions. Since the crypt
sources were written by Europeans, however, they are
freely available at sites throughout the world; see the
file ``WHERE'' in any Info-ZIP source or binary distribu-
tion for locations both inside and outside the US.
Because of the separate distribution, not all compiled
versions of unzip support decryption. To check a version
for crypt support, either attempt to test or extract an
encrypted archive, or else check unzip's diagnostic screen
(see the -v option above) for ``[decryption]'' as one of
the special compilation options.
As noted above, the -P option may be used to supply a
password on the command line, but at a cost in security.
The preferred decryption method is simply to extract nor-
mally; if a zipfile member is encrypted, unzip will prompt
for the password without echoing what is typed. unzip
continues to use the same password as long as it appears
to be valid, by testing a 12-byte header on each file.
The correct password will always check out against the
header, but there is a 1-in-256 chance that an incorrect
password will as well. (This is a security feature of the
PKWARE zipfile format; it helps prevent brute-force
attacks that might otherwise gain a large speed advantage
by testing only the header.) In the case that an incor-
rect password is given but it passes the header test
Info-ZIP 3 November 1997 (v5.32) 9
UNZIP(1L) UNZIP(1L)
anyway, either an incorrect CRC will be generated for the
extracted data or else unzip will fail during the extrac-
tion because the ``decrypted'' bytes do not constitute a
valid compressed data stream.
If the first password fails the header check on some file,
unzip will prompt for another password, and so on until
all files are extracted. If a password is not known,
entering a null password (that is, just a carriage return
or ``Enter'') is taken as a signal to skip all further
prompting. Only unencrypted files in the archive(s) will
thereafter be extracted. (In fact, that's not quite true;
older versions of zip(1L) and zipcloak(1L) allowed null
passwords, so unzip checks each encrypted file to see if
the null password works. This may result in ``false posi-
tives'' and extraction errors, as noted above.)
Archives encrypted with 8-bit passwords (for example,
passwords with accented European characters) may not be
portable across systems and/or other archivers. This
problem stems from the use of multiple encoding methods
for such characters, including Latin-1 (ISO 8859-1) and
OEM code page 850. DOS PKZIP 2.04g uses the OEM code
page; Windows PKZIP 2.50 uses Latin-1 (and is therefore
incompatible with DOS PKZIP); Info-ZIP uses the OEM code
page on DOS, OS/2 and Win3.x ports but Latin-1 everywhere
else; and Nico Mak's WinZip 6.x does not allow 8-bit pass-
words at all. UnZip 5.3 attempts to use the default char-
acter set first (e.g., Latin-1), followed by the alternate
one (e.g., OEM code page) to test passwords. On EBCDIC
systems, if both of these fail, EBCDIC encoding will be
tested as a last resort. (Since there are no known
archivers that encrypt using EBCDIC encoding, EBCDIC is
not tested on non-EBCDIC systems.) ISO character encod-
ings other than Latin-1 are not supported.
EXAMPLES
To use unzip to extract all members of the archive let-
ters.zip into the current directory and subdirectories
below it, creating any subdirectories as necessary:
unzip letters
To extract all members of letters.zip into the current
directory only:
unzip -j letters
To test letters.zip, printing only a summary message indi-
cating whether the archive is OK or not:
unzip -tq letters
To test all zipfiles in the current directory, printing
Info-ZIP 3 November 1997 (v5.32) 10
UNZIP(1L) UNZIP(1L)
only the summaries:
unzip -tq \*.zip
(The backslash before the asterisk is only required if the
shell expands wildcards, as in Unix; double quotes could
have been used instead, as in the source examples
below.) To extract to standard output all members of let-
ters.zip whose names end in .tex, auto-converting to the
local end-of-line convention and piping the output into
more(1):
unzip -ca letters \*.tex | more
To extract the binary file paper1.dvi to standard output
and pipe it to a printing program:
unzip -p articles paper1.dvi | dvips
To extract all FORTRAN and C source files--*.f, *.c, *.h,
and Makefile--into the /tmp directory:
unzip source.zip "*.[fch]" Makefile -d /tmp
(the double quotes are necessary only in Unix and only if
globbing is turned on). To extract all FORTRAN and C
source files, regardless of case (e.g., both *.c and *.C,
and any makefile, Makefile, MAKEFILE or similar):
unzip -C source.zip "*.[fch]" makefile -d /tmp
To extract any such files but convert any uppercase MS-DOS
or VMS names to lowercase and convert the line-endings of
all of the files to the local standard (without respect to
any files that might be marked ``binary''):
unzip -aaCL source.zip "*.[fch]" makefile -d /tmp
To extract only newer versions of the files already in the
current directory, without querying (NOTE: be careful of
unzipping in one timezone a zipfile created in
another--ZIP archives other than those created by Zip 2.1
or later contain no timezone information, and a ``newer''
file from an eastern timezone may, in fact, be older):
unzip -fo sources
To extract newer versions of the files already in the cur-
rent directory and to create any files not already there
(same caveat as previous example):
unzip -uo sources
To display a diagnostic screen showing which unzip and
Info-ZIP 3 November 1997 (v5.32) 11
UNZIP(1L) UNZIP(1L)
zipinfo options are stored in environment variables,
whether decryption support was compiled in, the compiler
with which unzip was compiled, etc.:
unzip -v
In the last five examples, assume that UNZIP or UNZIP_OPTS
is set to -q. To do a singly quiet listing:
unzip -l file.zip
To do a doubly quiet listing:
unzip -ql file.zip
(Note that the ``.zip'' is generally not necessary.) To
do a standard listing:
unzip --ql file.zip
or
unzip -l-q file.zip
or
unzip -l--q file.zip (extra minuses don't hurt)
TIPS
The current maintainer, being a lazy sort, finds it very
useful to define a pair of aliases: tt for ``unzip -tq''
and ii for ``unzip -Z'' (or ``zipinfo''). One may then
simply type ``tt zipfile'' to test an archive, something
that is worth making a habit of doing. With luck unzip
will report ``No errors detected in compressed data of
zipfile.zip,'' after which one may breathe a sigh of
relief.
The maintainer also finds it useful to set the UNZIP envi-
ronment variable to ``-aL'' and is tempted to add ``-C''
as well. His ZIPINFO variable is set to ``-z''.
DIAGNOSTICS
The exit status (or error level) approximates the exit
codes defined by PKWARE and takes on the following values,
except under VMS:
0 normal; no errors or warnings detected.
1 one or more warning errors were encountered,
but processing completed successfully any-
way. This includes zipfiles where one or
more files was skipped due to unsupported
compression method or encryption with an
unknown password.
2 a generic error in the zipfile format was
detected. Processing may have completed
Info-ZIP 3 November 1997 (v5.32) 12
UNZIP(1L) UNZIP(1L)
successfully anyway; some broken zipfiles
created by other archivers have simple work-
arounds.
3 a severe error in the zipfile format was
detected. Processing probably failed imme-
diately.
4 unzip was unable to allocate memory for one
or more buffers during program initializa-
tion.
5 unzip was unable to allocate memory or
unable to obtain a tty to read the decryp-
tion password(s).
6 unzip was unable to allocate memory during
decompression to disk.
7 unzip was unable to allocate memory during
in-memory decompression.
8 [currently not used]
9 the specified zipfiles were not found.
10 invalid options were specified on the com-
mand line.
11 no matching files were found.
50 the disk is (or was) full during extraction.
51 the end of the ZIP archive was encountered
prematurely.
80 the user aborted unzip prematurely with con-
trol-C (or similar)
81 testing or extraction of one or more files
failed due to unsupported compression meth-
ods or unsupported decryption.
82 no files were found due to bad decryption
password(s). (If even one file is success-
fully processed, however, the exit status is
1.)
VMS interprets standard Unix (or PC) return values as
other, scarier-looking things, so unzip instead maps them
into VMS-style status codes. The current mapping is as
follows: 1 (success) for normal exit, 0x7fff0001 for
warning errors, and (0x7fff000? + 16*nor-
mal_unzip_exit_status) for all other errors, where the `?'
Info-ZIP 3 November 1997 (v5.32) 13
UNZIP(1L) UNZIP(1L)
is 2 (error) for unzip values 2, 9-11 and 80-82, and 4
(fatal error) for the remaining ones (3-8, 50, 51). In
addition, there is a compilation option to expand upon
this behavior: defining RETURN_CODES results in a human-
readable explanation of what the error status means.
BUGS
Multi-part archives are not yet supported, except in con-
junction with zip. (All parts must be concatenated
together in order, and then ``zip -F'' must be performed
on the concatenated archive in order to ``fix'' it.) This
will definitely be corrected in the next major release.
Archives read from standard input are not yet supported,
except with funzip (and then only the first member of the
archive can be extracted).
Archives encrypted with 8-bit passwords (e.g., passwords
with accented European characters) may not be portable
across systems and/or other archivers. See the discussion
in DECRYPTION above.
unzip's -M (``more'') option is overly simplistic in its
handling of screen output; as noted above, it fails to
detect the wrapping of long lines and may thereby cause
lines at the top of the screen to be scrolled off before
being read. unzip should detect and treat each occurrence
of line-wrap as one additional line printed. This
requires knowledge of the screen's width as well as its
height. In addition, unzip should detect the true screen
geometry on all systems.
Dates, times and permissions of stored directories are not
restored except under Unix.
[MS-DOS] When extracting or testing files from an archive
on a defective floppy diskette, if the ``Fail'' option is
chosen from DOS's ``Abort, Retry, Fail?'' message, older
versions of unzip may hang the system, requiring a reboot.
This problem appears to be fixed, but control-C (or con-
trol-Break) can still be used to terminate unzip.
Under DEC Ultrix, unzip would sometimes fail on long zip-
files (bad CRC, not always reproducible). This was appar-
ently due either to a hardware bug (cache memory) or an
operating system bug (improper handling of page faults?).
Since Ultrix has been abandoned in favor of Digital Unix
(OSF/1), this may not be an issue anymore.
[Unix] Unix special files such as FIFO buffers (named
pipes), block devices and character devices are not
restored even if they are somehow represented in the zip-
file, nor are hard-linked files relinked. Basically the
only file types restored by unzip are regular files,
Info-ZIP 3 November 1997 (v5.32) 14
UNZIP(1L) UNZIP(1L)
directories and symbolic (soft) links.
[OS/2] Extended attributes for existing directories are
only updated if the -o (``overwrite all'') option is
given. This is a limitation of the operating system;
because directories only have a creation time associated
with them, unzip has no way to determine whether the
stored attributes are newer or older than those on disk.
In practice this may mean a two-pass approach is required:
first unpack the archive normally (with or without fresh-
ening/updating existing files), then overwrite just the
directory entries (e.g., ``unzip -o foo */'').
[VMS] When extracting to another directory, only the
[.foo] syntax is accepted for the -d option; the simple
Unix foo syntax is silently ignored (as is the less common
VMS foo.dir syntax).
[VMS] When the file being extracted already exists,
unzip's query only allows skipping, overwriting or renam-
ing; there should additionally be a choice for creating a
new version of the file. In fact, the ``overwrite''
choice does create a new version; the old version is not
overwritten or deleted.
SEE ALSO
funzip(1L), zip(1L), zipcloak(1L), zipgrep(1L), zip-
info(1L), zipnote(1L), zipsplit(1L)
URL
The Info-ZIP home page is currently at
http://www.cdrom.com/pub/infozip/ .
AUTHORS
The primary Info-ZIP authors (current semi-active members
of the Zip-Bugs workgroup) are: Greg ``Cave Newt''
Roelofs (UnZip); Onno van der Linden (Zip); Jean-loup
Gailly (compression); Mark Adler (decompression, fUnZip);
Christian Spieler (VMS, MS-DOS, Windows 95, NT, shared
code, general Zip and UnZip integration and optimization);
Mike White (Windows GUI, Windows DLLs); Kai Uwe Rommel
(OS/2); Paul Kienitz (Amiga, Windows 95); Chris Herborth
(BeOS, QNX, Atari); Jonathan Hudson (SMS/QDOS); Sergio
Monesi (Acorn RISC OS); Harald Denker (Atari, MVS); John
Bush (Solaris, Amiga); Hunter Goatley (VMS); Steve Salis-
bury (Windows 95, NT); Steve Miller (Windows CE GUI),
Johnny Lee (MS-DOS, Windows 95, NT); and Dave Smith (Tan-
dem NSK). The author of the original unzip code upon
which Info-ZIP's was based is Samuel H. Smith; Carl Mas-
cott did the first Unix port; and David P. Kirschbaum
organized and led Info-ZIP in its early days with Keith
Petersen hosting the original mailing list at WSMR-Sim-
Tel20. The full list of contributors to UnZip has grown
quite large; please refer to the CONTRIBS file in the
Info-ZIP 3 November 1997 (v5.32) 15
UNZIP(1L) UNZIP(1L)
UnZip source distribution for a relatively complete ver-
sion.
VERSIONS
v1.2 15 Mar 89 Samuel H. Smith
v2.0 9 Sep 89 Samuel H. Smith
v2.x fall 1989 many Usenet contributors
v3.0 1 May 90 Info-ZIP (DPK, consolidator)
v3.1 15 Aug 90 Info-ZIP (DPK, consolidator)
v4.0 1 Dec 90 Info-ZIP (GRR, maintainer)
v4.1 12 May 91 Info-ZIP
v4.2 20 Mar 92 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
v5.0 21 Aug 92 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
v5.01 15 Jan 93 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
v5.1 7 Feb 94 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
v5.11 2 Aug 94 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
v5.12 28 Aug 94 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
v5.2 30 Apr 96 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
v5.3 22 Apr 97 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
v5.31 31 May 97 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
v5.32 3 Nov 97 Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
Info-ZIP 3 November 1997 (v5.32) 16
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If no. | 00000880 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 6d 61 74 63 | matc| 00000890 68 65 73 20 61 72 65 20 66 6f 75 6e 64 2c 20 74 |hes are found, t| 000008a0 68 65 20 73 70 65 63 69 66 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e |he specification| 000008b0 20 69 73 20 61 73 73 75 6d 65 64 20 20 74 6f 0a | is assumed to.| 000008c0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 62 65 | be| 000008d0 20 20 61 20 6c 69 74 65 72 61 6c 20 66 69 6c 65 | a literal file| 000008e0 6e 61 6d 65 3b 20 61 6e 64 20 69 66 20 74 68 61 |name; and if tha| 000008f0 74 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 66 61 69 6c 73 2c 20 74 68 |t also fails, th| 00000900 65 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |e. | 00000910 73 75 66 66 69 78 20 2e 7a 69 70 20 69 73 20 61 |suffix .zip is a| 00000920 70 70 65 6e 64 65 64 2e 20 20 4e 6f 74 65 20 74 |ppended. Note t| 00000930 68 61 74 20 73 65 6c 66 2d 65 78 74 72 61 63 74 |hat self-extract| 00000940 69 6e 67 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ing. | 00000950 20 20 5a 49 50 20 20 66 69 6c 65 73 20 20 61 72 | ZIP files ar| 00000960 65 20 20 73 75 70 70 6f 72 74 65 64 2c 20 20 61 |e supported, a| 00000970 73 20 20 77 69 74 68 20 61 6e 79 20 6f 74 68 65 |s with any othe| 00000980 72 20 5a 49 50 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |r ZIP. | 00000990 20 20 20 20 61 72 63 68 69 76 65 3b 20 6a 75 73 | archive; jus| 000009a0 74 20 73 70 65 63 69 66 79 20 20 74 68 65 20 20 |t specify the | 000009b0 2e 65 78 65 20 20 73 75 66 66 69 78 20 20 28 69 |.exe suffix (i| 000009c0 66 20 20 61 6e 79 29 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |f any). | 000009d0 20 20 20 20 20 20 65 78 70 6c 69 63 69 74 6c 79 | explicitly| 000009e0 2e 0a 0a 49 6e 66 6f 2d 5a 49 50 20 20 20 20 20 |...Info-ZIP | 000009f0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 33 20 4e 6f 76 65 6d 62 | 3 Novemb| 00000a00 65 72 20 31 39 39 37 20 28 76 35 2e 33 32 29 20 |er 1997 (v5.32) | 00000a10 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | 00000a20 20 20 20 31 0a 0a 55 4e 5a 49 50 28 31 4c 29 20 | 1..UNZIP(1L) | 00000a30 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | * 00000a50 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 55 4e | UN| 00000a60 5a 49 50 28 31 4c 29 0a 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ZIP(1L).. | 00000a70 5b 66 69 6c 65 28 73 29 5d 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 |[file(s)]. | 00000a80 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 41 6e 20 20 6f 70 74 69 | An opti| 00000a90 6f 6e 61 6c 20 20 6c 69 73 74 20 20 6f 66 20 20 |onal list of | 00000aa0 61 72 63 68 69 76 65 20 20 6d 65 6d 62 65 72 73 |archive members| 00000ab0 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 70 72 6f 2d 0a 20 20 20 20 | to be pro-. | 00000ac0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 63 65 73 73 65 64 | cessed| 00000ad0 2c 20 73 65 70 61 72 61 74 65 64 20 62 79 20 73 |, separated by s| 00000ae0 70 61 63 65 73 2e 20 20 20 28 56 4d 53 20 20 76 |paces. 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(see th| 00006860 65 20 2d 76 20 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e 20 61 62 6f 76 |e -v option abov| 00006870 65 29 20 66 6f 72 20 60 60 5b 64 65 63 72 79 70 |e) for ``[decryp| 00006880 74 69 6f 6e 5d 27 27 20 61 73 20 20 6f 6e 65 20 |tion]'' as one | 00006890 20 6f 66 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 74 68 65 20 73 | of. the s| 000068a0 70 65 63 69 61 6c 20 63 6f 6d 70 69 6c 61 74 69 |pecial compilati| 000068b0 6f 6e 20 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e 73 2e 0a 0a 20 20 20 |on options... | 000068c0 20 20 20 20 41 73 20 20 6e 6f 74 65 64 20 20 61 | As noted a| 000068d0 62 6f 76 65 2c 20 20 74 68 65 20 20 2d 50 20 20 |bove, the -P | 000068e0 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e 20 6d 61 79 20 62 65 20 75 73 |option may be us| 000068f0 65 64 20 74 6f 20 73 75 70 70 6c 79 20 61 0a 20 |ed to supply a. | 00006900 20 20 20 20 20 20 70 61 73 73 77 6f 72 64 20 6f | password o| 00006910 6e 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 20 6c 69 |n the command li| 00006920 6e 65 2c 20 62 75 74 20 61 74 20 61 20 63 6f 73 |ne, but at a cos| 00006930 74 20 20 69 6e 20 20 73 65 63 75 72 69 74 79 2e |t in security.| 00006940 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 54 68 65 20 20 70 72 65 |. The pre| 00006950 66 65 72 72 65 64 20 64 65 63 72 79 70 74 69 6f |ferred decryptio| 00006960 6e 20 6d 65 74 68 6f 64 20 69 73 20 73 69 6d 70 |n method is simp| 00006970 6c 79 20 74 6f 20 65 78 74 72 61 63 74 20 6e 6f |ly to extract no| 00006980 72 2d 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 6d 61 6c 6c 79 3b |r-. mally;| 00006990 20 69 66 20 61 20 7a 69 70 66 69 6c 65 20 6d 65 | if a zipfile me| 000069a0 6d 62 65 72 20 69 73 20 65 6e 63 72 79 70 74 65 |mber is encrypte| 000069b0 64 2c 20 75 6e 7a 69 70 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 70 72 |d, unzip will pr| 000069c0 6f 6d 70 74 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 66 6f 72 20 |ompt. for | 000069d0 20 74 68 65 20 20 70 61 73 73 77 6f 72 64 20 20 | the password | 000069e0 77 69 74 68 6f 75 74 20 20 65 63 68 6f 69 6e 67 |without echoing| 000069f0 20 77 68 61 74 20 69 73 20 74 79 70 65 64 2e 20 | what is typed. | 00006a00 20 75 6e 7a 69 70 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 63 6f | unzip. co| 00006a10 6e 74 69 6e 75 65 73 20 74 6f 20 75 73 65 20 74 |ntinues to use t| 00006a20 68 65 20 73 61 6d 65 20 70 61 73 73 77 6f 72 64 |he same password| 00006a30 20 61 73 20 6c 6f 6e 67 20 61 73 20 20 69 74 20 | as long as it | 00006a40 20 61 70 70 65 61 72 73 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | appears. | 00006a50 74 6f 20 20 62 65 20 20 76 61 6c 69 64 2c 20 20 |to be valid, | 00006a60 62 79 20 20 74 65 73 74 69 6e 67 20 61 20 31 32 |by testing a 12| 00006a70 2d 62 79 74 65 20 68 65 61 64 65 72 20 6f 6e 20 |-byte header on | 00006a80 65 61 63 68 20 66 69 6c 65 2e 0a 20 20 20 20 20 |each file.. | 00006a90 20 20 54 68 65 20 63 6f 72 72 65 63 74 20 70 61 | The correct pa| 00006aa0 73 73 77 6f 72 64 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 61 6c 77 61 |ssword will alwa| 00006ab0 79 73 20 20 63 68 65 63 6b 20 20 6f 75 74 20 20 |ys check out | 00006ac0 61 67 61 69 6e 73 74 20 20 74 68 65 0a 20 20 20 |against the. | 00006ad0 20 20 20 20 68 65 61 64 65 72 2c 20 20 62 75 74 | header, but| 00006ae0 20 20 74 68 65 72 65 20 69 73 20 61 20 31 2d 69 | there is a 1-i| 00006af0 6e 2d 32 35 36 20 63 68 61 6e 63 65 20 74 68 61 |n-256 chance tha| 00006b00 74 20 61 6e 20 69 6e 63 6f 72 72 65 63 74 0a 20 |t an incorrect. | 00006b10 20 20 20 20 20 20 70 61 73 73 77 6f 72 64 20 77 | password w| 00006b20 69 6c 6c 20 61 73 20 77 65 6c 6c 2e 20 20 28 54 |ill as well. (T| 00006b30 68 69 73 20 69 73 20 61 20 73 65 63 75 72 69 74 |his is a securit| 00006b40 79 20 66 65 61 74 75 72 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 |y feature of the| 00006b50 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 50 4b 57 41 52 45 20 20 |. PKWARE | 00006b60 20 7a 69 70 66 69 6c 65 20 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 | zipfile format| 00006b70 3b 20 20 69 74 20 20 68 65 6c 70 73 20 20 70 72 |; it helps pr| 00006b80 65 76 65 6e 74 20 20 62 72 75 74 65 2d 66 6f 72 |event brute-for| 00006b90 63 65 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 61 74 74 61 63 6b |ce. attack| 00006ba0 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 6d 69 67 68 74 20 6f 74 68 |s that might oth| 00006bb0 65 72 77 69 73 65 20 67 61 69 6e 20 61 20 6c 61 |erwise gain a la| 00006bc0 72 67 65 20 73 70 65 65 64 20 20 61 64 76 61 6e |rge speed advan| 00006bd0 74 61 67 65 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 62 79 20 20 |tage. by | 00006be0 74 65 73 74 69 6e 67 20 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 74 68 |testing only th| 00006bf0 65 20 68 65 61 64 65 72 2e 29 20 20 49 6e 20 74 |e header.) In t| 00006c00 68 65 20 63 61 73 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 61 6e 20 |he case that an | 00006c10 69 6e 63 6f 72 2d 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 72 65 |incor-. re| 00006c20 63 74 20 70 61 73 73 77 6f 72 64 20 69 73 20 67 |ct password is g| 00006c30 69 76 65 6e 20 20 62 75 74 20 20 69 74 20 20 70 |iven but it p| 00006c40 61 73 73 65 73 20 20 74 68 65 20 20 68 65 61 64 |asses the head| 00006c50 65 72 20 20 74 65 73 74 0a 0a 49 6e 66 6f 2d 5a |er test..Info-Z| 00006c60 49 50 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 33 |IP 3| 00006c70 20 4e 6f 76 65 6d 62 65 72 20 31 39 39 37 20 28 | November 1997 (| 00006c80 76 35 2e 33 32 29 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |v5.32) | 00006c90 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 39 0a 0a 55 4e 5a | 9..UNZ| 00006ca0 49 50 28 31 4c 29 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |IP(1L) | 00006cb0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | * 00006cd0 20 20 20 20 20 55 4e 5a 49 50 28 31 4c 29 0a 0a | UNZIP(1L)..| 00006ce0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 61 6e 79 77 61 79 2c 20 20 | anyway, | 00006cf0 65 69 74 68 65 72 20 61 6e 20 69 6e 63 6f 72 72 |either an incorr| 00006d00 65 63 74 20 43 52 43 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 20 |ect CRC will be | 00006d10 67 65 6e 65 72 61 74 65 64 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 |generated for th| 00006d20 65 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 65 78 74 72 61 63 74 |e. extract| 00006d30 65 64 20 64 61 74 61 20 6f 72 20 65 6c 73 65 20 |ed data or else | 00006d40 75 6e 7a 69 70 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 66 61 69 6c 20 |unzip will fail | 00006d50 64 75 72 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 20 65 78 74 72 |during the extr| 00006d60 61 63 2d 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 74 69 6f 6e 20 |ac-. tion | 00006d70 20 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 20 74 68 65 20 60 60 | because the ``| 00006d80 64 65 63 72 79 70 74 65 64 27 27 20 62 79 74 65 |decrypted'' byte| 00006d90 73 20 64 6f 20 6e 6f 74 20 63 6f 6e 73 74 69 74 |s do not constit| 00006da0 75 74 65 20 61 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 76 61 6c |ute a. val| 00006db0 69 64 20 63 6f 6d 70 72 65 73 73 65 64 20 64 61 |id compressed da| 00006dc0 74 61 20 73 74 72 65 61 6d 2e 0a 0a 20 20 20 20 |ta stream... | 00006dd0 20 20 20 49 66 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 | If the first | 00006de0 70 61 73 73 77 6f 72 64 20 66 61 69 6c 73 20 74 |password fails t| 00006df0 68 65 20 68 65 61 64 65 72 20 63 68 65 63 6b 20 |he header check | 00006e00 6f 6e 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 66 69 6c 65 2c 0a 20 20 |on some file,. | 00006e10 20 20 20 20 20 75 6e 7a 69 70 20 20 77 69 6c 6c | unzip will| 00006e20 20 20 70 72 6f 6d 70 74 20 20 66 6f 72 20 61 6e | prompt for an| 00006e30 6f 74 68 65 72 20 70 61 73 73 77 6f 72 64 2c 20 |other password, | 00006e40 61 6e 64 20 73 6f 20 6f 6e 20 75 6e 74 69 6c 0a |and so on until.| 00006e50 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 61 6c 6c 20 66 69 6c 65 73 | all files| 00006e60 20 61 72 65 20 65 78 74 72 61 63 74 65 64 2e 20 | are extracted. | 00006e70 20 49 66 20 20 61 20 20 70 61 73 73 77 6f 72 64 | If a password| 00006e80 20 20 69 73 20 20 6e 6f 74 20 20 6b 6e 6f 77 6e | is not known| 00006e90 2c 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 65 6e 74 65 72 69 6e |,. enterin| 00006ea0 67 20 20 61 20 6e 75 6c 6c 20 70 61 73 73 77 6f |g a null passwo| 00006eb0 72 64 20 28 74 68 61 74 20 69 73 2c 20 6a 75 73 |rd (that is, jus| 00006ec0 74 20 61 20 63 61 72 72 69 61 67 65 20 72 65 74 |t a carriage ret| 00006ed0 75 72 6e 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 6f 72 20 60 60 |urn. or ``| 00006ee0 45 6e 74 65 72 27 27 29 20 69 73 20 74 61 6b 65 |Enter'') is take| 00006ef0 6e 20 61 73 20 61 20 73 69 67 6e 61 6c 20 20 74 |n as a signal t| 00006f00 6f 20 20 73 6b 69 70 20 20 61 6c 6c 20 20 66 75 |o skip all fu| 00006f10 72 74 68 65 72 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 70 72 6f |rther. pro| 00006f20 6d 70 74 69 6e 67 2e 20 20 20 4f 6e 6c 79 20 75 |mpting. Only u| 00006f30 6e 65 6e 63 72 79 70 74 65 64 20 66 69 6c 65 73 |nencrypted files| 00006f40 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 61 72 63 68 69 76 65 28 | in the archive(| 00006f50 73 29 20 77 69 6c 6c 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 74 |s) will. t| 00006f60 68 65 72 65 61 66 74 65 72 20 62 65 20 65 78 74 |hereafter be ext| 00006f70 72 61 63 74 65 64 2e 20 20 28 49 6e 20 66 61 63 |racted. (In fac| 00006f80 74 2c 20 74 68 61 74 27 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 71 75 |t, that's not qu| 00006f90 69 74 65 20 74 72 75 65 3b 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ite true;. | 00006fa0 20 6f 6c 64 65 72 20 20 76 65 72 73 69 6f 6e 73 | older versions| 00006fb0 20 20 6f 66 20 20 7a 69 70 28 31 4c 29 20 61 6e | of zip(1L) an| 00006fc0 64 20 7a 69 70 63 6c 6f 61 6b 28 31 4c 29 20 61 |d zipcloak(1L) a| 00006fd0 6c 6c 6f 77 65 64 20 6e 75 6c 6c 0a 20 20 20 20 |llowed null. | 00006fe0 20 20 20 70 61 73 73 77 6f 72 64 73 2c 20 73 6f | passwords, so| 00006ff0 20 75 6e 7a 69 70 20 63 68 65 63 6b 73 20 65 61 | unzip checks ea| 00007000 63 68 20 65 6e 63 72 79 70 74 65 64 20 66 69 6c |ch encrypted fil| 00007010 65 20 74 6f 20 20 73 65 65 20 20 69 66 0a 20 20 |e to see if. | 00007020 20 20 20 20 20 74 68 65 20 6e 75 6c 6c 20 70 61 | the null pa| 00007030 73 73 77 6f 72 64 20 77 6f 72 6b 73 2e 20 20 54 |ssword works. T| 00007040 68 69 73 20 6d 61 79 20 72 65 73 75 6c 74 20 69 |his may result i| 00007050 6e 20 60 60 66 61 6c 73 65 20 70 6f 73 69 2d 0a |n ``false posi-.| 00007060 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 74 69 76 65 73 27 27 20 61 | tives'' a| 00007070 6e 64 20 65 78 74 72 61 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 65 72 |nd extraction er| 00007080 72 6f 72 73 2c 20 61 73 20 6e 6f 74 65 64 20 61 |rors, as noted a| 00007090 62 6f 76 65 2e 29 0a 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 41 |bove.).. A| 000070a0 72 63 68 69 76 65 73 20 65 6e 63 72 79 70 74 65 |rchives encrypte| 000070b0 64 20 20 77 69 74 68 20 20 38 2d 62 69 74 20 20 |d with 8-bit | 000070c0 70 61 73 73 77 6f 72 64 73 20 20 28 66 6f 72 20 |passwords (for | 000070d0 20 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 2c 0a 20 20 20 20 20 20 | example,. | 000070e0 20 70 61 73 73 77 6f 72 64 73 20 20 77 69 74 68 | passwords with| 000070f0 20 20 61 63 63 65 6e 74 65 64 20 20 45 75 72 6f | accented Euro| 00007100 70 65 61 6e 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 72 73 29 |pean characters)| 00007110 20 6d 61 79 20 6e 6f 74 20 62 65 0a 20 20 20 20 | may not be. | 00007120 20 20 20 70 6f 72 74 61 62 6c 65 20 61 63 72 6f | portable acro| 00007130 73 73 20 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d 73 20 20 61 6e 64 |ss systems and| 00007140 2f 6f 72 20 20 6f 74 68 65 72 20 20 61 72 63 68 |/or other arch| 00007150 69 76 65 72 73 2e 20 20 20 54 68 69 73 0a 20 20 |ivers. 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