Grafix/Guide

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Grafix/Guide

This website contains an archive of files for the Acorn Electron, BBC Micro, Acorn Archimedes, Commodore 16 and Commodore 64 computers, which Dominic Ford has rescued from his private collection of floppy disks and cassettes.

Some of these files were originally commercial releases in the 1980s and 1990s, but they are now widely available online. I assume that copyright over them is no longer being asserted. If you own the copyright and would like files to be removed, please contact me.

Tape/disk:	Home » Archimedes archive » Micro User » MU 1991-08.adf » PD-Stuff
Filename:	Grafix/Guide
Read OK:	✔
File size:	AAE3 bytes
Load address:	0000
Exec address:	0000

>Guide
_______________________________________________________________________________

Translator 6.36                             -------------------------------
                                             This program is PUBLIC DOMAIN
Version date : 18 Mar 1991                  -------------------------------


----------------
- Introduction -
----------------
Translator is a powerful tool that will convert and process image files from
other computers.

Translator will give you access to the enormous amount of graphics images
created on other computers. Powerful image processing options are available
to produce special effects and/or enhance the quality of images.


---------------------
- Supported formats -
---------------------
The image file formats that are supported are summed up below.

- The 'Name' field gives the name of the format.
- The 'Pixels' field gives the resolution of the image format in pixels.
  A '-' entry means there is no fixed resolution, i.e. several resolutions
  are possible.
- The 'Colours' field gives the number of colour bits used (i.e. 4 means 16
  colours, 8 means 256 colours, etc.), and a suffix 'c' for colour images,
  'm' for monochrome images. Images with <=8 colour bits are 'palette' images,
  i.e. have a colour lookup table. Images with >8 colour bits are pure colour
  images and contain seperate Red, Green and Blue components per pixel.
- The 'Comments' field gives further special information.
                                                                              
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Name                 | Pixels  | Colours   | Comments                       |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Foreign formats
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  GIF                       -      1-8c        Graphics Interchange Format
  TIFF Class B(ilevel)      -      1m          Compression none/packbits/LZW
  TIFF Class G(reyscale)    -      1/2/4/8m    ''
  TIFF Class C(olour)       -      1/2/4/8c    ''
  TIFF Class R(GB)          -      24c         '' (24-bit non-planar RGB)
  Amiga ILBM IFF            -      1-12c       Also HAM (12-bit), halfbright
  Atari Degas PI1/PC1    320x200   4c          PC1 is run length compressed
  ''    ''    PI2/PC2    640x200   2c          PC2 ''
  ''    ''    PI3/PC3    640x400   1c          PC3 ''
  Atari GEM IMG             -      1m
  MacIntosh MacPaint     576x720   1m
  SUN Microsystems          -      1/8c        None/RLE compression supported
  PCX                       -      1/2/4/8c    EGA/MCGA
  QRT                       -      24c         Quick Ray Tracer
  MTV                       -      24c         MTV Ray Tracer
  Windows 3 BMP             -      1/2/4/8c
  Truevision TARGA          -      8/15/16/24/32c
  PBMPlus                   -      1-8m/3-24c  Formats P1 up to P6
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Native formats
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  CadSoft/Millipede         -      8c          Millipede PRISMA digitiser
  Irlam                     -      24c         Irlam I-scan scanner
  Archimedes sprite         -      1/2/4/8c
  Arvis                     -      15c         2 sprite files in HIP/LOP dirs
  Clear                     -      1/2/4/8/24c Translator's own format
  Pro-Artisan            640x256   8c          Compression types 0 and 1
  Watford digitiser      512x256   6m
  Render Bender             -      8c
  AIM                    256x256   8m          Archimedes Image Manager
  Zeridajh Video Digitiser  -      1/2/4/8m    My own video digitiser's multi-
   Animation                                   image animation file
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------


-------------------------
- Using the application -
-------------------------
To start up Translator, either :

- Double-click on the '!Translatr' icon.
- Double-click on an image file, after !Translator has been seen by the filer
  (only for image types in the &690 range). This will auto-load the image
  that was clicked on.

It will install itself on the icon bar, and clicking MENU on Translator's icon
will give the usual 'Info' and 'Quit' options. Clicking SELECT or ADJUST will
pop up the options menu, but most options will not be selectable at this stage.

Loading an image can be done in three ways :
a) by dragging the image file to the Translator icon on the icon bar
b) by dragging the image file to the image window (when an image is loaded)
c) by double-clicking on an image file (not for 'native' Archimedes formats,
   to ensure that the originating programs (when loaded) 'catch' these files,
   not Translator)

NOTE : The ArVis Videographics format consists of two sprite files per image,
of which one resides in a directory named 'HIP', the other in a directory
called 'LOP' (both at the same directory level). To load an ArVis image, drag
the sprite file in the 'HIP' directory to Translator (i.e. a or b).

Image files should be filetyped appropiately to be recognized by Translator.
The following filetypes are used by Translator (the filetypes in the range
&690-&6xx are new filetypes, used for foreign formats) :

-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Filetype Name       Image file type/origin
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
&004     AIM        AIM (Archimedes Image Manager)
&690   * Clear      Translator Clear
&691   * Degas      Atari PI1,PI2,PI3,PC1,PC2,PC3
&692   * Img        Atari IMG
&693  !* AmigaIFF   Amiga IFF (ILBM)
&694  !* MacPaint   MacIntosh MacPaint
&695  !* GIF        GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)
&696  !* SUN        SUN Microsystems
&697   * PCX        PC PCX
&698   * QRT        QRT (Quick Ray Tracer) RAW
&699   * MTV        MTV ray tracer
&69A  !* CadSoft    CadSoft/Millipede PRISMA
&69B  !* Irlam      Irlam Instruments scanners
&69C  !* BMP        PC Windows 3
&69D   * Targa      Truevision TARGA
&69E  !* PBMPlus    PBMPlus (Portable Bit Map toolkit)
&69F  !* ZVDA       Zeridajh Video Digitiser Animation
&D58     RendPic    Render Bender
&DE2     ProArt     ProArtisan
&DFA     Picture    Watford digitiser
&FF0  !* TIFF       TIFF (Tag Image File Format)
&FF9     Sprite     Standard Archimedes sprite file (or ArVis, see above)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
A '*' indicates which filetypes also load by method c) (see above).
A '!' indicates which filetypes can be recognized and loaded without having
the correct filetype. You can choose to give these files the correct filetype
yourself, or leave them as they are. Every 'new' filetype (in the &690 range)
is represented in filer windows by its own icon.

There are two sets of icons, one set for mode 20 and one for mode 12 (default).
The mode 20 icons are more detailed, and can be selected as the default by
renaming !Sprites to !Sprites12, and then renaming !Sprites20 to !Sprites.

When succesfully processed, the image will appear in a resizable, scrollable
window.


-----------------
- The main menu -
-----------------
Clicking MENU on the image window (when an image is loaded) or clicking
SELECT or ADJUST on the iconbar icon will pop up the main menu. All menu
items are explained in detail below.

--------------
| Image info |
--------------
This icon gives access to an information window, in which the resolution,
compression technique, filename, etc. of the image is displayed.

----------
| Pop up |
----------
This icon gives access to a submenu in which options can be set that influence
the way that the image first appears on-screen when succesfully processed.

----------------------
| Pop up | Auto mode |
----------------------
Toggles the 'Auto mode' flag. When ON (i.e. ticked) Translator will select the
most suitable mode for display of the image. When OFF, you must choose a mode
yourself.

-------------------------
| Pop up | Auto palette |
-------------------------
Toggles the 'Auto palette' flag. When ON (i.e. ticked) Translator will select
the image's palette (see 'Image palette') automatically when the image first
appears in its window, and after every mode change. When OFF, the palette
remains unchanged.

----------------------
| Pop up | Auto zoom |
----------------------
Toggles the 'Auto zoom' flag. When ON, Translator will attempt to zoom out
(never *in* though) on the image so that it fits entirely on the current
mode's screen when the image first appears in its window.

----------------------
| Pop up | View mode |
----------------------
Toggles the 'View mode' flag. When ON, then whenever a new image is loaded,
the current mode is remembered, and re-selected when the image window is
closed.

---------------------
| Pop up | Mode set |
---------------------
This icon gives access to a submenu of 'mode sets'.

When one of these mode sets is 'active' (the default is none), the mode for
display of the image (see 'Auto mode') will be selected from this mode set.
Each mode set consists of four mode numbers, which are the modes to be
selected as the required 2,4,16 and 256 colour mode.

There are two standard sets : 'Normal' (modes 0,8,12 and 15, i.e. all 640x256
pixels) can be used on all monitors, 'Multisync' (modes 18,19,20 and 21, i.e.
all 640x512 pixels) is for users of multisync monitors only. A third set is
user-definable and must contain the four required mode numbers seperated by
comma's. Selecting 'None' in this submenu will switch off the mode set option
(so, when 'auto mode' is on, the 'closest' mode will be selected).

-----------
| Process |
-----------
This icon gives access to a submenu in which options can be set that influence
the way in which the input image is processed.

--------------------
| Process | Colour |
--------------------
This icon leads to a submenu in which options can be set that affect the
processing of the input image's colours.

--------------------------------------
| Process | Colour | Black and white |
--------------------------------------
Toggles the 'Black and white' flag. When ON (i.e. ticked), Translator
changes all the image's colours to their closest greyvalues.

------------------------------------
| Process | Colour | Correct gamma |
------------------------------------
This icon gives access to the gamma correction factor. It is usually 1
(default) meaning that no gamma correction is applied to input colours.
When any other value is entered, the input colours will be 'gamma corrected'
by Translator, and this icon will be ticked. Clicking on this icon itself
will reset the gamma correction factor to the default value of 1.

Gamma correction is needed for most 'raw' scanner input, as this input
usually has a linear scale of intensity values for red, green and blue. This
has to be corrected for display, as the phosfors on the tube of display units
do not have a linear response curve for applied voltage (i.e. intensity) versus
brightness, but rather one of brightness=constant*voltage^gamma.

A gamma of 1.5 is a suitable value for most situations, but you can experiment
freely with values between (say) 1 and 4, to see which setting gives the best
results.

------------------------------------
| Process | Colour | Correct black |
------------------------------------
This icon gives access to the black correction factor. It is usually 0
(default). When it is any other value, this icon is ticked, and a black
correction is applied to the image colours. Clicking on this icon itself will
reset the black correction factor to the default value of 0.

Black correction simply adds the value (which may be a +ve or -ve integer
between -255 and 255) to the 8-bit red, green and blue components of the
image's colours. This effectively adds/subtracts an amount of 'white' to/from
the image's colours (i.e. a +ve value makes the image lighter, and a -ve value
makes the image darker). Using a negative value may, for example, be useful to
correct some digitised or scanned images, where areas of black on the original
turn out too light in the device's output. A positive value may be used to
lighten up dark images.

-----------------------------------
| Process | Colour | Expand range |
-----------------------------------
Toggles the 'Expand range' flag. When ON (i.e. ticked), the range of the red,
green and blue components of the image's colours will be (equally) expanded to
the full range of 0-255. This will make the image 'lighter' (in fact, it gives
the image its maximum contrast).

The image info window will show the input image's intensity range, and the
percentage that this represents of the full 0-255 range.

NOTE 1 : For images that contain no palette (i.e. all 'pure' RGB images), it
is necessary for Translator to make an extra 'pass', to determine the range
of intensities present in the image. For 'paletted' images, the range can
be calculated from the palette, and no extra pass is necessary.

NOTE 2 : Set black correction to 0 when using this option. As the intensity
range is already maximised by the range expansion, any extra correction will
cause colour detail to be lost.

-------------------------------------
| Process | Colour | RGB resolution |
-------------------------------------
This icon gives access to a window in which the amount of red, green and blue
in the input image's colours may be reduced.

The slider values for red, green and blue represent the number of bits (0-8)
of the corresponding primary colour that are 'let through' in the final image.
You can drag the sliders to change the number of bits (a full bar is 8 bits).

For example, red=8, green=0, blue=0 will give a red seperation of the input
image, i.e. only the red components of the colours are let through. Depending
on how many bits are reserved for each of the primary colours in each graphics
format (mostly 8 bits giving 24-bit RGB, but sometimes 4 bits or less), a
large range of colour effects and colour seperations can be achieved.

This option also makes it possible to filter out noise bits from 24-bit RGB
input, by setting all the sliders to 6 or 7. This makes it easier to compress
these images, and rarely degrades image quality.

---------------------------------
| Process | Colour | Invert RGB |
---------------------------------
Toggles the 'Invert RGB' flag. When ON (i.e. ticked), all the input image's
colours will 'inverted' (in fact, the red, green and blue components of the
colours are inverted seperately). This results in 'negative' images for both
colour and black and white images.

This may be useful to correct monochrome images which have the black/white
colours 'reversed'. It is also useful to create colour effects.

---------------------------
| Process | Sprite output |
---------------------------
This icon leads to a submenu in which options can be set which affect the
sprite that is built from the input image.

-----------------------------------------
| Process | Sprite output | Output mode |
-----------------------------------------
The output mode for the sprite may be freely chosen. This icon gives access
to a submenu, in which one of two choices of output mode may be selected.

------------------------------------------------
| Process | Sprite output | Output mode | Auto |
------------------------------------------------
When this icon is selected (i.e. ticked), Translator will determine the
best possible output sprite's mode (and palette).

For example, for pure RGB and 256 colour images, a 256 colour mode (with at
least the required resolution) will be chosen for output, whereas if the
image has 5-16 colours, or 3-4, or 1-2, a 16, 4 or 2 colour mode respectively.

The 'Auto' setting is the default setting.

---------------------------------------------------
| Process | Sprite output | Output mode | Current |
---------------------------------------------------
When this icon is selected (i.e. ticked), the current mode will always
be used as the output sprite's mode.

This can be useful when you need to have a sprite defined in a specific mode.
For example, if you wish to create a desktop icon based on some image, you
would select a 16-colour mode and select this option.

When this icon is ticked, the 'Output palette' icon also gives you control
over the output palette (see its discussion below).

It is advisable to always use some form of error spreading (see 'Error
spreading'), so you will still reach a result as close as possible to the
original, given the possibly limited number of colours and a non-ideal
palette that has been chosen.

--------------------------------------------
| Process | Sprite output | Output palette |
--------------------------------------------
This icon gives access to a submenu in which a choice for the output sprite's
palette may be made.

NOTE : This is only effective when 'Current' is selected in the 'Output mode'
submenu, as when 'Auto' is selected, Translator determines the best possible
output palette.

------------------------------------------------------
| Process | Sprite output | Output palette | Current |
------------------------------------------------------
When this icon is selected (i.e. ticked), the current palette is used for
the output image.

Usually this is the desktop palette (ideal for creating icons), but by loading
a palette file or by manipulating the palette by hand (via the palette
utility), any palette may be chosen. In 256 colour modes the palette can only
be changed to a limited extent (consult the Programmers Reference Manuals).

There are some example palette files for 16 colour modes in the 'Palette16'
directory. These contain palettes that divide the 4 available colourbits
between red, green and blue (i.e. 2,1,1 or 1,2,1 or 1,1,2 respectively),
and one palette with 1 bit red, blue, green and 'tint' (amount of white).

------------------------------------------------------
| Process | Sprite output | Output palette | Default |
------------------------------------------------------
When this icon is selected (i.e. ticked), the current mode's default palette
is used in the output sprite (as following a VDU20).

NOTE : In 16 colour modes, the upper eight 'flashing' colours are not used.

--------------------------------------------------------
| Process | Sprite output | Output palette | Greyscale |
--------------------------------------------------------
When this icon is selected (i.e. ticked), a greyscale from black up to
full white will be used.

This may be especially useful for black and white input images.

NOTE : This option does not work in 256 colour modes, as it is impossible to
set a 256-level greyscale palette in these modes. Instead the default palette
will be used.

---------------------------------------------
| Process | Sprite output | Error spreading |
---------------------------------------------
This icon gives access to a submenu, in which Translator can be set to use
one of two kinds of error spreading, or none. This icon is 'ticked' if any
of the available kinds of error spreading is enabled.

When error spreading is enabled, errors made by the approximation of the input
image's colours are spread out (locally) over the image. This usually results
in images with a much higher quality, so you will usually leave some kind of
error spreading on (Floyd-Steinberg at best).

When you switch off error spreading, only the best approximations to colours
are used, and the errors made in this process will be completely ignored. You
may want to do this to compare results.

There are two choices of error spreading available, which differ in the way
they spread the approximation errors.

------------------------------------------------------
| Process | Sprite output | Error spreading | Simple |
------------------------------------------------------
This spreads out the errors along the same pixel row only. In fact, it gives
one of its neighbor pixels the full error factor, as follows :

     ------------------------------------------
     |           | Current pixel | full error |
     ------------------------------------------

This is the fastest of the two, and gives very good results.

---------------------------------------------------------------
| Process | Sprite output | Error spreading | Floyd Steinberg |
---------------------------------------------------------------
Floyd Steinberg error spreading, first discovered by R.W. Floyd and L.
Steinberg, spreads the errors more intelligently. It divides the error
factors among four neighbor pixels (instead of one), as follows :

     -------------------------------------------------
     |               | Current pixel | 7/16 of error |  <-- current line
     -------------------------------------------------
     | 3/16 of error | 5/16 of error | 1/16 of error |  <-- next line
     -------------------------------------------------

The results are usually better than when using 'Simple' error spreading, but
to which degree depends heavily on the type of input image. Digitised images
will usually benefit much less than 'hand-drawn' images. The only penalty of
this error spreading technique is that it is computationally more expensive
than 'Simple' error spreading, so you'll have to wait a few seconds longer.

---------------------------------------------------
| Process | Sprite output | Error spreading | Off |
---------------------------------------------------
Clicking on this icon switches off all error spreading. Colours are
approximated using the 'closest' available colour only.

-------------------------------------
| Process | Sprite output | Zig zag |
-------------------------------------
Toggles the 'Zig zag' flag. When ON, and error spreading is also ON, every
other image line will be plotted in the opposite direction, i.e. left to
right, then right to left, then left to right again, etc..

This reduces the chances of patterning effects in the final image. Sometimes,
however, the effect is not so pleasing, which is why you may switch it off.
When OFF, lines are always plotted from left to right.

--------------------------
| Process | Clear output |
--------------------------
This icon gives access to a file window, in which a Clear file may be 'opened'
by dragging the filetype icon to a filer window. When a Clear file has been
opened in this way, this icon will be ticked.

By clicking on this icon, Clear output is cancelled and the last opened Clear
file (which is always empty at this stage) is deleted.

Refer to 'Clear files' for more information.

---------------------
| Process | Scaling |
---------------------
This icon gives access to a submenu with a further submenu leading to the 'x'
(width) and 'y' (height) scaling factors. There are two ways to specify a
scaling.

- The absolute form

This is entered as 'multiplier:divisor'. Any subsequently loaded image will
be scaled by the ratio defined by multiplier/divisor. For example, when
subsequently loading two images with resolutions of 640x512 and 100x200
pixels, then a scaling of '1:2' for both x and y will result in images that
are 320x256 and 50x100 pixels respectively.

- The relative form

This is entered as 'multiplier'. Any subsequently loaded image will be scaled
by multiplier/ires, where ires is the resolution of the loaded image. This
will always result in images which are exactly 'multiplier' pixels high and/or
wide. For example, the aforementioned images of 640x512 and 100x200 pixels,
when setting x to '80' and y to '40', will both come out as 80x40 pixels. When
using this form, the scaling ratio will re-appear as, e.g., '80:x' and '40:y',
to make clear that the actual scaling ratios depend on the resolution of
the input image itself.

It is perfectly possible to use the relative form for one of x and y, and the
absolute form for the other.

- Miscellaneous

When scaling is active (i.e. not 1:1), the 'Scaling' icon will be ticked.

Clicking on the '1:1' icon will reset the scaling factors (both x and y 1:1),
while clicking on any of the remaining icons will select a preset scaling for
both x and y (i.e. 1:2, 2:1, etc.).

When scaling without error spreading being active, obviously pixels are simply
discarded (when scaling down) or duplicated (when scaling up). Usually, in
this case, you can do the scaling equally well by using the scaling options of
the save functions (which do exactly the same).

However, when error spreading is active, you are likely to get a much better
quality if you pre-scale the image (by setting the appropiate scaling factors
here) and THEN save it (in full). This is because, after error spreading,
every pixel's 'neighbors' usually contain a correction for this pixel's true
colour. When scaling down/up with the 'Save' or 'Zoom' options, you just
lose or duplicate these 'neighbor' pixels and the error spreading effect may
be either completely lost (when scaling down, because the corrections in
the discarded pixels are lost) or not optimal (when scaling up, because all
the duplicated pixels could have been used to more finely spread errors).

------------------
| Process | Misc |
------------------
This icon leads to a submenu in which miscellaneous options can be set.

------------------------------------
| Process | Misc | Screen blanking |
------------------------------------
Toggles the 'Screen blanking' flag. When ON (i.e. ticked), the screen will be
blanked while processing an image.

This considerably speeds up processing, especially when working in high
resolution modes (with consequently high video DMA overheads). When it is OFF
(default), the screen will not be blanked while unpacking (so you'll have to
wait a bit longer).

-----------------------------
| Process | Misc | GIF scan |
-----------------------------
Toggles the 'GIF scan' flag. When ON (i.e. ticked), GIF files are scanned to
count the number of pictures in them.

This number will then appear in the image information. When the GIF file
contains more than one image (which is rare!), you may select any one of them
by using the 'Image number' option (see below). When OFF, GIF files are not
scanned, and are assumed to contain a single image (which is usually true).
This has the advantage of substantially reducing the loading time. The image
info will reflect the unknown number of images in the file by displaying a '?'
instead an image count.

--------------------------------
| Process | Misc | Reload last |
--------------------------------
Reloads last image file. May be convenient when, for example, the original
filer window is no longer on-screen, or just for speed when experimenting
with one image.

-------------------------------
| Process | Misc | Next image |
-------------------------------
Reloads last image file, after incrementing 'Image number' (see below). This
enables fast access to all the images in an input file (e.g. a sprite file).

-----------------------------------
| Process | Misc | Previous image |
-----------------------------------
Reloads last image file, after decrementing 'Image number' (see below). This
enables fast access to all the images in an input file (e.g. a sprite file).

---------------------------------
| Process | Misc | Image number |
---------------------------------
Entering a number in the submenu of this icon enables selection of one of
several images in an image file. Entering 'n' will select the 'n'th image in
the file.

Image files that may contain more than one image are GIF files and Archimedes
sprite files. When this is the case, the image info window will indicate this
(but for GIF only when the 'GIF scan' flag is ON).

When the nth image is not present, Translator will complain (except when
dealing with GIF files and the 'GIF scan' flag is OFF).

Clicking on this icon itself will reset the image number to its default value
of 1.

-------------------------------
| Process | Misc | Percentage |
-------------------------------
Toggles the 'Percentage' flag. When ON (i.e. ticked), the hourglass shows a
percentage indicating the amount of image lines that has been processed so
far.

--------------
| Manipulate |
--------------
This icon gives access to a submenu of several options to manipulate the
output sprite after the input image has been processed.

-----------------------
| Manipulate | Rotate |
-----------------------
This will rotate the output sprite clockwise by 90 degrees. This may be
convenient with high-and-narrow images (especially on normal monitors), so
more of the image can be on-screen without you having to use the scroll bars.

-----------------------
| Manipulate | Mirror |
-----------------------
This icon gives access to two mirror options. Clicking on 'x' will mirror the
output sprite horizontally, while 'y' will mirror it vertically.

-----------
| Examine |
-----------
This icon gives access to a submenu of options with which the output sprite
can be examined more closely.

------------------
| Examine | Zoom |
------------------
This icon gives access to a submenu of zoom options. These can be used to
zoom in or out on the output sprite.

---------------------------
| Examine | Zoom | In/Out |
---------------------------
These icons give access to zoom in and zoom out options respectively. Zooming
takes place in steps of 2 (i.e. 2 times, 4 times, 8 times enlarged/reduced,
etc.). By clicking one of the icons given in their submenu's, zooming can be
performed in x ('x') or y ('y') directions individually, or both at the same
time ('Both').

------------------------
| Examine | Zoom | 1:1 |
------------------------
Clicking this icon will reset the zoom factors to 1 (i.e. the output sprite
is neither enlarged nor reduced).

-----------------------
| Examine | Magnifier |
-----------------------
Clicking on this icon pops up the magnifier window. The magnifier window shows
a (magnified) part of the output sprite. It enables you to examine areas of
the output sprite with ease.

By clicking either SELECT or ADJUST within the image window, the area around
the point clicked on will appear in the magnifier window, with this point
itself in the middle. You can shift through the image simply by holding the
button down and moving the pointer.

The magnifier window starts up at 1:1 magnification. The magnification may
be increased by clicking SELECT or decreased by clicking ADJUST, within the
magnifier window. The MENU button will select 1:1 magnification.

--------
| Misc |
--------
This icon gives access to a submenu with miscellaneous options.

------------------------
| Misc | Image Palette |
------------------------
Clicking on this icon (re-)selects the palette of the output sprite.

The output sprite's palette is selected by default when the 'Auto palette'
flag is on, both after the image has been processed, and after changing
screen mode.

NOTE : selecting the output sprite's palette may make things badly (or not
at all) visible (e.g. menu's, etc.). Re-selecting the image's palette may
be necessary after using the desktop's palette utility (e.g. 'Default') or
when some other application has changed the palette.

---------------
| Misc | Save |
---------------
This icon gives access to a submenu of options to save the output sprite.

----------------------
| Misc | Save | Full |
----------------------
This will save the whole output sprite as a single-sprite file, exactly as it
is stored internally (i.e. without losing any pixels).

The palette saved in the sprite file (when the 'include palette' flag is ON)
will always be the palette of the output sprite itself (not the current one,
as with the other 'saves', see below).

Saving is done by dragging the sprite file icon in the 'Save as' window to
a directory viewer or to another application.

---------------------------------------------------------
| Misc | Save | Whole/Whole (scaled)/Part/Part (scaled) |
---------------------------------------------------------
These will save the output sprite a-la *SCREENSAVE.

The output sprite is displayed on the *current* mode's screen, using the
*currently* selected palette, after which an editable part of the on-screen
image may be saved to a sprite file.

By selecting one of the four 'saves', you can choose to post-scale the output
sprite (the '(scaled)' saves will let you do this), and/or to cut out a
specific piece of the output sprite (the 'Part' saves will let you do this,
the 'Whole' saves won't).

NOTE : The palette saved (if the 'include palette' flag is ON) will be the
*current* one, i.e. a la *SCREENSAVE.

While scaling and/or cutting, the mouse pointer will continuously show the
size of the scaled or cut-out output sprite in pixels, or the pixel
coordinate of the top left corner of a cut-out.

Saving is done by dragging the sprite file icon in the 'Save as' window (which
appears *before* any scaling or cutting is done) to a directory viewer or to
another application.

---------------------------------
| Misc | Save | Include palette |
---------------------------------
Toggles the 'Include palette' flag. When ON (i.e. ticked) any spite file saved
(see above) will include an appropiate palette. When OFF, the sprite file will
be saved without a palette.

-------------------------------
| Misc | Save | Same leafname |
-------------------------------
Toggles the 'Same leafname' flag. When ON (i.e. ticked) the input file's
leafname (i.e. the last part of its filename) will appear as the default
filename in the file-save window. This may be convenient.

-----------------
| Misc | Status |
-----------------
This icon gives access to a submenu of status handling functions. A 'status'
consists of (most of) the current flags and other settings, such as the
error spreading flag, the black and white flag, the gamma correction factor,
the current mode set, etc etc..

Clicking on 'Save' will save the current internal status in Translator's
status file. This file (when present) is always loaded on startup, or
explicitly by using the 'Load' option (to override the current internal
status). The 'Kill' option will remove the status file, so the 'standard'
defaults will be used when Translator is started up.


-----------------
- The hourglass -
-----------------
The hourglass is normally displayed when any processing is done.

When the 'Percentage' flag is on, a percentage will indicate the amount of
image lines that has been processed so far.

In addition, during image processing, the top 'LED' will be 'on' when data
is being loaded from disc. It will be 'off' when processing is taking place.


---------------
- Clear files -
---------------
Translator can output its own graphics file format, called 'Clear' (filetype
&690). I devised this (simple to use) new filetype because of several
shortcomings of the Archimedes and sprite files :

- Too few colours : pure RGB input (Amiga IFF HAM, QRT, ArVis) at best ends
  up in a 256 colour sprite on which error spreading has been applied. A lot
  of the image's colour resolution is lost.

- Too few R/G/B bits : the resolution of the Archimedes red, green and blue
  colour DAC's is only 4 bits, so it can't display more, and sprites can't
  *effectively* store more. This means that any extra bits (>4) of red, green
  and blue colour definition in input images is lost.

- Palette restrictions : because it is not possible to freely define all 256
  colours in 256 colour modes, input images with more than 16 colours (which
  end up in 256-colour sprites) will practically always need error spreading.
  This again loses colour definition.

Without being able to output a 'fully accurate' filetype, it would thus be
impossible, in most cases, to retain the full colour resolution of input
images. This may be essential if the images that Translator can read are to
be put to more serious use, for example image manipulation, or conversion to
other formats (refer to my other applications !MakeGIF and !MakeTIFF !).

Also, I envisaged that it should be very easy to extract the image data from
this 'fully accurate' format, so people can quickly and easily write simple
programs to process it (i.e. no compression, no 'pixel value packing', etc.).

The 'Clear' graphics format was devised because of all this, and holds either
pure 24-bit RGB data or byte-wide pixel values with a 24-bit RGB palette (one
entry per pixel value).

The full format is as follows (the descriptions are necessarily 'formal' to
avoid misinterpretation, the format is actually extremely simple) :

Offset  Bytes   Description
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
0       m       String (e.g. 'Translator') to indicate the maker, or some
                other comment (e.g. date, image contents, whatever)
m       1       0 (string terminator)
m+1     4       Version number *100 (or any other informational value)
m+5     4       Width of image in pixels (w)
m+9     4       Height of image in pixels (h)
m+13    4       Bits per pixel (bpp)
                If 1<=bpp<=8, then 24-bit palette entries for all colours
                follow (i.e. n=3*2^bpp, and l (bytes per pixel) is 1).
                If bpp>8, then pure 24-bit RGB is stored, which needs no
                palette (i.e. n=0, and l (bytes per pixel) is 3)
m+17    n       Palette entries for all colours (only if 1<=bpp<=8), which
                are triples of byte values (0=off, up to 255=full intensity),
                one byte per primary colour, red first, then green, then blue.
                For example, when 'Rx','Gx' and 'Bx' represent the intensities
                of red, green and blue respectively for colour x, the palette
                for 4 colours (bpp=2) would be stored :
                R0,G0,B0, R1,G1,B1, R2,G2,B2, R3,G3,B3.
m+17+n  w*h*l   Pixel values, representing the image rows from top to bottom
                and within every row the pixels from left to right.
                If l=1, every pixel value is a byte representing the colour
                number/index.
                If l=3 (pure 24-bit RGB), data is stored like the palette
                entries, i.e. red first, then green, finally blue, all
                byte values (0-255) representing the intensity of the
                corresponding primary colour for that pixel.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

In the case of pure 24-bit RGB storage (i.e. bpp>8), bpp represents the
bits of RGB resolution of the original image (i.e. 12 for Amiga IFF HAM mode,
15 for ArVis and 24 for QRT currently). If there are less than 8 bits per
primary colour, lower bits are set to 0 (but do not try to deduce how
many per primary colour if you don't know what the original image was).
For example, in the case of�ArVis' 15 bits RGB (5 bits each for red, green
and blue), the lower three bits of red, green and blue for each pixel are set
to 0 when Translator creates the Clear file.

When 1<=bpp<=8, only the lower 2^bpp pixel values of the 256 available
are used.

Clear files are always 'pure' representations of the input images, i.e.
they represent the image exactly 'as it is'. They are thus independent of
Archimedes mode and palette, error spreading, etc.. Their palettes (if any)
are full scale 24-bit RGB, as calculated *after* applying all colour
manipulating options (which are all in the 'Colour' submenu) to the input
inage's colours. To have an exact reflection of the input image in the Clear
file, you would switch off all these options.

IMPORTANT NOTE : When the 'Black and white' option is ON, then where an RGB
(i.e. non-paletted) Clear file would normally result (with R=G=B), instead
a grey-paletted 8-bit Clear file is output. This is to save space, and to
enable easier conversion to formats that do not support non-paletted images
(i.e. GIF).

The image inside the Clear file will also have been scaled as appropiate,
so that you may easily create Clear files of, for example, a specified number
of pixels.


-----------------------
- Memory requirements -
-----------------------
Translator starts up taking a minimum amount of RAM. As and when images
are loaded/discarded, extra memory is claimed/released, as follows :

- When an image is loaded, all available memory is grabbed (to ensure maximum
file buffer sizes), and an attempt is made to load the image. When there is
too little memory available, Translator will complain. After loading (which
may or may not be succesful), all memory that is not needed anymore (i.e. all
but the internal image sprite) is returned to the system.

- When an image is discarded, i.e. by closing the image window, the memory
taken up by the internal image sprite is also released.

This memory allocation strategy ensures that

a) all available memory is used to speed up processing
b) Translator runs in the minimum amount of memory needed
c) you do not need to worry about how much memory to allocate to Translator
   when you start it up


---------------------
- Mode independance -
---------------------
When the 'ideal' mode for display if the output sprite cannot be selected
(usually because of screen memory shortage), a beep will sound and Translator
will try succesively lower resolution modes with the right number of colours
(as, within the WIMP environment, there is, at present, no secure way of
finding out how much memory can and will be allocated to the screen).

Once an image has been created, it can, in principle, be displayed in any
mode. In modes with the 'wrong' number of colours, Translator attempts to
display the image as well as possible, as follows :

- If the number of available colours is larger than the required number of
colours for the output sprite, the 'lower' part of the palette is set (<=16
colour modes) or (256 colour modes) the standard palette is set and the
closest available standard colours are selected.

- If there are too few colours (i.e. only in <=16 colour modes), the most
frequently used colours in the image (the 'base' colours) will determine
the palette, and the remaining colours will simply be mapped to the closest
base colour. This usually gives acceptable results.


----------------
- Sprite files -
----------------
Archimedes sprites may not have a palette. If they don't, the standard
palette setting in the sprite's mode is assumed.

Also, if the mode contained in the sprite is a valid one (i.e. it is a
valid WIMP mode and it is available on your monitor), then this is used by
default. If the mode is not valid, then the 'closest' mode is determined
and used as usual.


-----------
- The end -
-----------
If you have praise, complaints, comments, bugs(!) or information on other
formats to offer me, do not hesitate to write to

John Kortink
Middelhuisstr. 17
7482 EL Haaksbergen
The Netherlands

or send email to kortink@utrcu1.uucp

If you want Translator to handle a new format, send me full information, and
several example files.

New versions are available from the same address : just send some money
to cover postage and a self-addressed envelope containing a 3.5" disc. As
this application is under continuous development, you are very likely to
get a more recent version !

Happy imaging !!!

_______________________________________________________________________________

!!! NOTE !!!

You may NOT change this application or use ANY part of it in other products
without my approval. You may spread it freely (with *ALL* files included), but
not for any profit. This software is provided 'as is'. Using it is entirely at
your own risk.

_______________________________________________________________________________

00000000  3e 47 75 69 64 65 0a 5f  5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f  |>Guide._________|
00000010  5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f  5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f  |________________|
*
00000050  5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 0a 0a  54 72 61 6e 73 6c 61 74  |______..Translat|
00000060  6f 72 20 36 2e 33 36 20  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |or 6.36         |
00000070  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |                |
00000080  20 20 20 20 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |    ------------|
00000090  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |----------------|
000000a0  2d 2d 2d 0a 20 20 20 20  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |---.            |
000000b0  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |                |
*
000000d0  20 54 68 69 73 20 70 72  6f 67 72 61 6d 20 69 73  | This program is|
000000e0  20 50 55 42 4c 49 43 20  44 4f 4d 41 49 4e 0a 56  | PUBLIC DOMAIN.V|
000000f0  65 72 73 69 6f 6e 20 64  61 74 65 20 3a 20 31 38  |ersion date : 18|
00000100  20 4d 61 72 20 31 39 39  31 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  | Mar 1991       |
00000110  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  20 20 20 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |           -----|
00000120  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |----------------|
00000130  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 0a 0a 0a 2d 2d 2d  |----------...---|
00000140  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a 2d 20  |-------------.- |
00000150  49 6e 74 72 6f 64 75 63  74 69 6f 6e 20 2d 0a 2d  |Introduction -.-|
00000160  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a  |---------------.|
00000170  54 72 61 6e 73 6c 61 74  6f 72 20 69 73 20 61 20  |Translator is a |
00000180  70 6f 77 65 72 66 75 6c  20 74 6f 6f 6c 20 74 68  |powerful tool th|
00000190  61 74 20 77 69 6c 6c 20  63 6f 6e 76 65 72 74 20  |at will convert |
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000001c0  65 72 20 63 6f 6d 70 75  74 65 72 73 2e 0a 0a 54  |er computers...T|
000001d0  72 61 6e 73 6c 61 74 6f  72 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 67  |ranslator will g|
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000001f0  6f 20 74 68 65 20 65 6e  6f 72 6d 6f 75 73 20 61  |o the enormous a|
00000200  6d 6f 75 6e 74 20 6f 66  20 67 72 61 70 68 69 63  |mount of graphic|
00000210  73 20 69 6d 61 67 65 73  0a 63 72 65 61 74 65 64  |s images.created|
00000220  20 6f 6e 20 6f 74 68 65  72 20 63 6f 6d 70 75 74  | on other comput|
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00000240  61 67 65 20 70 72 6f 63  65 73 73 69 6e 67 20 6f  |age processing o|
00000250  70 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 61  72 65 20 61 76 61 69 6c  |ptions are avail|
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00000290  68 65 20 71 75 61 6c 69  74 79 20 6f 66 20 69 6d  |he quality of im|
000002a0  61 67 65 73 2e 0a 0a 0a  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |ages....--------|
000002b0  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a 2d 20  |-------------.- |
000002c0  53 75 70 70 6f 72 74 65  64 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 74  |Supported format|
000002d0  73 20 2d 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |s -.------------|
000002e0  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 0a 54 68 65 20 69 6d  |---------.The im|
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*
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*
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*
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*
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000008a0  69 67 61 20 49 4c 42 4d  20 49 46 46 20 20 20 20  |iga ILBM IFF    |
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000008e0  6c 66 62 72 69 67 68 74  0a 20 20 41 74 61 72 69  |lfbright.  Atari|
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00000970  20 20 20 27 27 20 20 20  20 50 49 33 2f 50 43 33  |   ''    PI3/PC3|
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00000990  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  20 20 50 43 33 20 27 27  |          PC3 ''|
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000009d0  73 68 20 4d 61 63 50 61  69 6e 74 20 20 20 20 20  |sh MacPaint     |
000009e0  35 37 36 78 37 32 30 20  20 20 31 6d 0a 20 20 53  |576x720   1m.  S|
000009f0  55 4e 20 4d 69 63 72 6f  73 79 73 74 65 6d 73 20  |UN Microsystems |
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*
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*
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*
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*
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000037a0  69 6e 70 75 74 2c 20 62  79 20 73 65 74 74 69 6e  |input, by settin|
000037b0  67 20 61 6c 6c 20 74 68  65 20 73 6c 69 64 65 72  |g all the slider|
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00003800  72 61 72 65 6c 79 20 64  65 67 72 61 64 65 73 20  |rarely degrades |
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00003820  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |----------------|
*
00003840  2d 0a 7c 20 50 72 6f 63  65 73 73 20 7c 20 43 6f  |-.| Process | Co|
00003850  6c 6f 75 72 20 7c 20 49  6e 76 65 72 74 20 52 47  |lour | Invert RG|
00003860  42 20 7c 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |B |.------------|
00003870  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |----------------|
00003880  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a 54 6f  67 67 6c 65 73 20 74 68  |-----.Toggles th|
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000038a0  6c 61 67 2e 20 57 68 65  6e 20 4f 4e 20 28 69 2e  |lag. When ON (i.|
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000038d0  73 0a 63 6f 6c 6f 75 72  73 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 27  |s.colours will '|
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000038f0  63 74 2c 20 74 68 65 20  72 65 64 2c 20 67 72 65  |ct, the red, gre|
00003900  65 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 62  6c 75 65 20 63 6f 6d 70  |en and blue comp|
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00003960  73 20 66 6f 72 20 62 6f  74 68 0a 63 6f 6c 6f 75  |s for both.colou|
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00003990  68 69 73 20 6d 61 79 20  62 65 20 75 73 65 66 75  |his may be usefu|
000039a0  6c 20 74 6f 20 63 6f 72  72 65 63 74 20 6d 6f 6e  |l to correct mon|
000039b0  6f 63 68 72 6f 6d 65 20  69 6d 61 67 65 73 20 77  |ochrome images w|
000039c0  68 69 63 68 20 68 61 76  65 20 74 68 65 20 62 6c  |hich have the bl|
000039d0  61 63 6b 2f 77 68 69 74  65 0a 63 6f 6c 6f 75 72  |ack/white.colour|
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00003a00  74 6f 20 63 72 65 61 74  65 20 63 6f 6c 6f 75 72  |to create colour|
00003a10  20 65 66 66 65 63 74 73  2e 0a 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  | effects...-----|
00003a20  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |----------------|
00003a30  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a 7c  20 50 72 6f 63 65 73 73  |------.| Process|
00003a40  20 7c 20 53 70 72 69 74  65 20 6f 75 74 70 75 74  | | Sprite output|
00003a50  20 7c 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  | |.-------------|
00003a60  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a 54  |--------------.T|
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00003a90  68 69 63 68 20 6f 70 74  69 6f 6e 73 20 63 61 6e  |hich options can|
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00003ac0  74 68 61 74 20 69 73 20  62 75 69 6c 74 20 66 72  |that is built fr|
00003ad0  6f 6d 20 74 68 65 20 69  6e 70 75 74 20 69 6d 61  |om the input ima|
00003ae0  67 65 2e 0a 0a 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |ge...-----------|
00003af0  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |----------------|
00003b00  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a 7c  |--------------.||
00003b10  20 50 72 6f 63 65 73 73  20 7c 20 53 70 72 69 74  | Process | Sprit|
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00003b30  74 20 6d 6f 64 65 20 7c  0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |t mode |.-------|
00003b40  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |----------------|
*
00003b60  2d 2d 0a 54 68 65 20 6f  75 74 70 75 74 20 6d 6f  |--.The output mo|
00003b70  64 65 20 66 6f 72 20 74  68 65 20 73 70 72 69 74  |de for the sprit|
00003b80  65 20 6d 61 79 20 62 65  20 66 72 65 65 6c 79 20  |e may be freely |
00003b90  63 68 6f 73 65 6e 2e 20  54 68 69 73 20 69 63 6f  |chosen. This ico|
00003ba0  6e 20 67 69 76 65 73 20  61 63 63 65 73 73 0a 74  |n gives access.t|
00003bb0  6f 20 61 20 73 75 62 6d  65 6e 75 2c 20 69 6e 20  |o a submenu, in |
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00003bd0  20 63 68 6f 69 63 65 73  20 6f 66 20 6f 75 74 70  | choices of outp|
00003be0  75 74 20 6d 6f 64 65 20  6d 61 79 20 62 65 20 73  |ut mode may be s|
00003bf0  65 6c 65 63 74 65 64 2e  0a 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |elected...------|
00003c00  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |----------------|
*
00003c20  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 0a 7c 20 50 72 6f  |----------.| Pro|
00003c30  63 65 73 73 20 7c 20 53  70 72 69 74 65 20 6f 75  |cess | Sprite ou|
00003c40  74 70 75 74 20 7c 20 4f  75 74 70 75 74 20 6d 6f  |tput | Output mo|
00003c50  64 65 20 7c 20 41 75 74  6f 20 7c 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d  |de | Auto |.----|
00003c60  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |----------------|
*
00003c80  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 0a 57 68 65  |------------.Whe|
00003c90  6e 20 74 68 69 73 20 69  63 6f 6e 20 69 73 20 73  |n this icon is s|
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00003d20  42 20 61 6e 64 20 32 35  36 20 63 6f 6c 6f 75 72  |B and 256 colour|
00003d30  20 69 6d 61 67 65 73 2c  20 61 20 32 35 36 20 63  | images, a 256 c|
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00003dc0  31 2d 32 2c 20 61 20 31  36 2c 20 34 20 6f 72 20  |1-2, a 16, 4 or |
00003dd0  32 20 63 6f 6c 6f 75 72  20 6d 6f 64 65 20 72 65  |2 colour mode re|
00003de0  73 70 65 63 74 69 76 65  6c 79 2e 0a 0a 54 68 65  |spectively...The|
00003df0  20 27 41 75 74 6f 27 20  73 65 74 74 69 6e 67 20  | 'Auto' setting |
00003e00  69 73 20 74 68 65 20 64  65 66 61 75 6c 74 20 73  |is the default s|
00003e10  65 74 74 69 6e 67 2e 0a  0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |etting...-------|
00003e20  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |----------------|
*
00003e40  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 0a 7c 20 50  |------------.| P|
00003e50  72 6f 63 65 73 73 20 7c  20 53 70 72 69 74 65 20  |rocess | Sprite |
00003e60  6f 75 74 70 75 74 20 7c  20 4f 75 74 70 75 74 20  |output | Output |
00003e70  6d 6f 64 65 20 7c 20 43  75 72 72 65 6e 74 20 7c  |mode | Current ||
00003e80  0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |.---------------|
00003e90  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |----------------|
*
00003eb0  2d 2d 2d 2d 0a 57 68 65  6e 20 74 68 69 73 20 69  |----.When this i|
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00003f00  73 65 64 20 61 73 20 74  68 65 20 6f 75 74 70 75  |sed as the outpu|
00003f10  74 20 73 70 72 69 74 65  27 73 20 6d 6f 64 65 2e  |t sprite's mode.|
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00003f50  69 74 65 20 64 65 66 69  6e 65 64 20 69 6e 20 61  |ite defined in a|
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00003f70  46 6f 72 20 65 78 61 6d  70 6c 65 2c 20 69 66 20  |For example, if |
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00003fe0  65 63 74 20 74 68 69 73  20 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e 2e  |ect this option.|
00003ff0  0a 0a 57 68 65 6e 20 74  68 69 73 20 69 63 6f 6e  |..When this icon|
00004000  20 69 73 20 74 69 63 6b  65 64 2c 20 74 68 65 20  | is ticked, the |
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00004050  65 74 74 65 20 28 73 65  65 20 69 74 73 20 64 69  |ette (see its di|
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000040c0  6e 67 27 29 2c 20 73 6f  20 79 6f 75 20 77 69 6c  |ng'), so you wil|
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00004150  65 20 74 68 61 74 20 68  61 73 20 62 65 65 6e 20  |e that has been |
00004160  63 68 6f 73 65 6e 2e 0a  0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |chosen...-------|
00004170  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |----------------|
*
00004190  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a 7c 20  50 72 6f 63 65 73 73 20  |-----.| Process |
000041a0  7c 20 53 70 72 69 74 65  20 6f 75 74 70 75 74 20  || Sprite output |
000041b0  7c 20 4f 75 74 70 75 74  20 70 61 6c 65 74 74 65  || Output palette|
000041c0  20 7c 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  | |.-------------|
000041d0  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |----------------|
000041e0  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a  |---------------.|
000041f0  54 68 69 73 20 69 63 6f  6e 20 67 69 76 65 73 20  |This icon gives |
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00004240  6c 65 74 74 65 20 6d 61  79 20 62 65 20 6d 61 64  |lette may be mad|
00004250  65 2e 0a 0a 4e 4f 54 45  20 3a 20 54 68 69 73 20  |e...NOTE : This |
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000042a0  27 0a 73 75 62 6d 65 6e  75 2c 20 61 73 20 77 68  |'.submenu, as wh|
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000042c0  65 63 74 65 64 2c 20 54  72 61 6e 73 6c 61 74 6f  |ected, Translato|
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00004300  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |----------------|
*
00004330  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a 7c  20 50 72 6f 63 65 73 73  |------.| Process|
00004340  20 7c 20 53 70 72 69 74  65 20 6f 75 74 70 75 74  | | Sprite output|
00004350  20 7c 20 4f 75 74 70 75  74 20 70 61 6c 65 74 74  | | Output palett|
00004360  65 20 7c 20 43 75 72 72  65 6e 74 20 7c 0a 2d 2d  |e | Current |.--|
00004370  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |----------------|
*
000043a0  2d 2d 2d 2d 0a 57 68 65  6e 20 74 68 69 73 20 69  |----.When this i|
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00004440  2c 20 62 75 74 20 62 79  20 6c 6f 61 64 69 6e 67  |, but by loading|
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00004460  6f 72 20 62 79 20 6d 61  6e 69 70 75 6c 61 74 69  |or by manipulati|
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00004480  79 20 68 61 6e 64 20 28  76 69 61 20 74 68 65 20  |y hand (via the |
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000044a0  2c 20 61 6e 79 20 70 61  6c 65 74 74 65 20 6d 61  |, any palette ma|
000044b0  79 20 62 65 20 63 68 6f  73 65 6e 2e 20 49 6e 20  |y be chosen. In |
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000044d0  20 74 68 65 20 70 61 6c  65 74 74 65 20 63 61 6e  | the palette can|
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000044f0  20 74 6f 20 61 20 6c 69  6d 69 74 65 64 20 65 78  | to a limited ex|
00004500  74 65 6e 74 20 28 63 6f  6e 73 75 6c 74 20 74 68  |tent (consult th|
00004510  65 20 50 72 6f 67 72 61  6d 6d 65 72 73 20 52 65  |e Programmers Re|
00004520  66 65 72 65 6e 63 65 20  4d 61 6e 75 61 6c 73 29  |ference Manuals)|
00004530  2e 0a 0a 54 68 65 72 65  20 61 72 65 20 73 6f 6d  |...There are som|
00004540  65 20 65 78 61 6d 70 6c  65 20 70 61 6c 65 74 74  |e example palett|
00004550  65 20 66 69 6c 65 73 20  66 6f 72 20 31 36 20 63  |e files for 16 c|
00004560  6f 6c 6f 75 72 20 6d 6f  64 65 73 20 69 6e 20 74  |olour modes in t|
00004570  68 65 20 27 50 61 6c 65  74 74 65 31 36 27 0a 64  |he 'Palette16'.d|
00004580  69 72 65 63 74 6f 72 79  2e 20 54 68 65 73 65 20  |irectory. These |
00004590  63 6f 6e 74 61 69 6e 20  70 61 6c 65 74 74 65 73  |contain palettes|
000045a0  20 74 68 61 74 20 64 69  76 69 64 65 20 74 68 65  | that divide the|
000045b0  20 34 20 61 76 61 69 6c  61 62 6c 65 20 63 6f 6c  | 4 available col|
000045c0  6f 75 72 62 69 74 73 0a  62 65 74 77 65 65 6e 20  |ourbits.between |
000045d0  72 65 64 2c 20 67 72 65  65 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 62  |red, green and b|
000045e0  6c 75 65 20 28 69 2e 65  2e 20 32 2c 31 2c 31 20  |lue (i.e. 2,1,1 |
000045f0  6f 72 20 31 2c 32 2c 31  20 6f 72 20 31 2c 31 2c  |or 1,2,1 or 1,1,|
00004600  32 20 72 65 73 70 65 63  74 69 76 65 6c 79 29 2c  |2 respectively),|
00004610  0a 61 6e 64 20 6f 6e 65  20 70 61 6c 65 74 74 65  |.and one palette|
00004620  20 77 69 74 68 20 31 20  62 69 74 20 72 65 64 2c  | with 1 bit red,|
00004630  20 62 6c 75 65 2c 20 67  72 65 65 6e 20 61 6e 64  | blue, green and|
00004640  20 27 74 69 6e 74 27 20  28 61 6d 6f 75 6e 74 20  | 'tint' (amount |
00004650  6f 66 20 77 68 69 74 65  29 2e 0a 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d  |of white)...----|
00004660  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |----------------|
*
00004690  2d 2d 0a 7c 20 50 72 6f  63 65 73 73 20 7c 20 53  |--.| Process | S|
000046a0  70 72 69 74 65 20 6f 75  74 70 75 74 20 7c 20 4f  |prite output | O|
000046b0  75 74 70 75 74 20 70 61  6c 65 74 74 65 20 7c 20  |utput palette | |
000046c0  44 65 66 61 75 6c 74 20  7c 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |Default |.------|
000046d0  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |----------------|
*
00004700  0a 57 68 65 6e 20 74 68  69 73 20 69 63 6f 6e 20  |.When this icon |
00004710  69 73 20 73 65 6c 65 63  74 65 64 20 28 69 2e 65  |is selected (i.e|
00004720  2e 20 74 69 63 6b 65 64  29 2c 20 74 68 65 20 63  |. ticked), the c|
00004730  75 72 72 65 6e 74 20 6d  6f 64 65 27 73 20 64 65  |urrent mode's de|
00004740  66 61 75 6c 74 20 70 61  6c 65 74 74 65 0a 69 73  |fault palette.is|
00004750  20 75 73 65 64 20 69 6e  20 74 68 65 20 6f 75 74  | used in the out|
00004760  70 75 74 20 73 70 72 69  74 65 20 28 61 73 20 66  |put sprite (as f|
00004770  6f 6c 6c 6f 77 69 6e 67  20 61 20 56 44 55 32 30  |ollowing a VDU20|
00004780  29 2e 0a 0a 4e 4f 54 45  20 3a 20 49 6e 20 31 36  |)...NOTE : In 16|
00004790  20 63 6f 6c 6f 75 72 20  6d 6f 64 65 73 2c 20 74  | colour modes, t|
000047a0  68 65 20 75 70 70 65 72  20 65 69 67 68 74 20 27  |he upper eight '|
000047b0  66 6c 61 73 68 69 6e 67  27 20 63 6f 6c 6f 75 72  |flashing' colour|
000047c0  73 20 61 72 65 20 6e 6f  74 20 75 73 65 64 2e 0a  |s are not used..|
000047d0  0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |.---------------|
000047e0  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |----------------|
*
00004800  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 0a 7c 20 50 72 6f 63  |---------.| Proc|
00004810  65 73 73 20 7c 20 53 70  72 69 74 65 20 6f 75 74  |ess | Sprite out|
00004820  70 75 74 20 7c 20 4f 75  74 70 75 74 20 70 61 6c  |put | Output pal|
00004830  65 74 74 65 20 7c 20 47  72 65 79 73 63 61 6c 65  |ette | Greyscale|
00004840  20 7c 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  | |.-------------|
00004850  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |----------------|
*
00004870  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 0a 57 68 65 6e  |-----------.When|
00004880  20 74 68 69 73 20 69 63  6f 6e 20 69 73 20 73 65  | this icon is se|
00004890  6c 65 63 74 65 64 20 28  69 2e 65 2e 20 74 69 63  |lected (i.e. tic|
000048a0  6b 65 64 29 2c 20 61 20  67 72 65 79 73 63 61 6c  |ked), a greyscal|
000048b0  65 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 62  6c 61 63 6b 20 75 70 20  |e from black up |
000048c0  74 6f 0a 66 75 6c 6c 20  77 68 69 74 65 20 77 69  |to.full white wi|
000048d0  6c 6c 20 62 65 20 75 73  65 64 2e 0a 0a 54 68 69  |ll be used...Thi|
000048e0  73 20 6d 61 79 20 62 65  20 65 73 70 65 63 69 61  |s may be especia|
000048f0  6c 6c 79 20 75 73 65 66  75 6c 20 66 6f 72 20 62  |lly useful for b|
00004900  6c 61 63 6b 20 61 6e 64  20 77 68 69 74 65 20 69  |lack and white i|
00004910  6e 70 75 74 20 69 6d 61  67 65 73 2e 0a 0a 4e 4f  |nput images...NO|
00004920  54 45 20 3a 20 54 68 69  73 20 6f 70 74 69 6f 6e  |TE : This option|
00004930  20 64 6f 65 73 20 6e 6f  74 20 77 6f 72 6b 20 69  | does not work i|
00004940  6e 20 32 35 36 20 63 6f  6c 6f 75 72 20 6d 6f 64  |n 256 colour mod|
00004950  65 73 2c 20 61 73 20 69  74 20 69 73 20 69 6d 70  |es, as it is imp|
00004960  6f 73 73 69 62 6c 65 20  74 6f 0a 73 65 74 20 61  |ossible to.set a|
00004970  20 32 35 36 2d 6c 65 76  65 6c 20 67 72 65 79 73  | 256-level greys|
00004980  63 61 6c 65 20 70 61 6c  65 74 74 65 20 69 6e 20  |cale palette in |
00004990  74 68 65 73 65 20 6d 6f  64 65 73 2e 20 49 6e 73  |these modes. Ins|
000049a0  74 65 61 64 20 74 68 65  20 64 65 66 61 75 6c 74  |tead the default|
000049b0  20 70 61 6c 65 74 74 65  0a 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 65  | palette.will be|
000049c0  20 75 73 65 64 2e 0a 0a  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  | used...--------|
000049d0  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |----------------|
*
000049f0  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a 7c 20  50 72 6f 63 65 73 73 20  |-----.| Process |
00004a00  7c 20 53 70 72 69 74 65  20 6f 75 74 70 75 74 20  || Sprite output |
00004a10  7c 20 45 72 72 6f 72 20  73 70 72 65 61 64 69 6e  || Error spreadin|
00004a20  67 20 7c 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |g |.------------|
00004a30  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |----------------|
*
00004a50  2d 0a 54 68 69 73 20 69  63 6f 6e 20 67 69 76 65  |-.This icon give|
00004a60  73 20 61 63 63 65 73 73  20 74 6f 20 61 20 73 75  |s access to a su|
00004a70  62 6d 65 6e 75 2c 20 69  6e 20 77 68 69 63 68 20  |bmenu, in which |
00004a80  54 72 61 6e 73 6c 61 74  6f 72 20 63 61 6e 20 62  |Translator can b|
00004a90  65 20 73 65 74 20 74 6f  20 75 73 65 0a 6f 6e 65  |e set to use.one|
00004aa0  20 6f 66 20 74 77 6f 20  6b 69 6e 64 73 20 6f 66  | of two kinds of|
00004ab0  20 65 72 72 6f 72 20 73  70 72 65 61 64 69 6e 67  | error spreading|
00004ac0  2c 20 6f 72 20 6e 6f 6e  65 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20  |, or none. This |
00004ad0  69 63 6f 6e 20 69 73 20  27 74 69 63 6b 65 64 27  |icon is 'ticked'|
00004ae0  20 69 66 20 61 6e 79 0a  6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 61  | if any.of the a|
00004af0  76 61 69 6c 61 62 6c 65  20 6b 69 6e 64 73 20 6f  |vailable kinds o|
00004b00  66 20 65 72 72 6f 72 20  73 70 72 65 61 64 69 6e  |f error spreadin|
00004b10  67 20 69 73 20 65 6e 61  62 6c 65 64 2e 0a 0a 57  |g is enabled...W|
00004b20  68 65 6e 20 65 72 72 6f  72 20 73 70 72 65 61 64  |hen error spread|
00004b30  69 6e 67 20 69 73 20 65  6e 61 62 6c 65 64 2c 20  |ing is enabled, |
00004b40  65 72 72 6f 72 73 20 6d  61 64 65 20 62 79 20 74  |errors made by t|
00004b50  68 65 20 61 70 70 72 6f  78 69 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e  |he approximation|
00004b60  20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20  69 6e 70 75 74 0a 69 6d  | of the input.im|
00004b70  61 67 65 27 73 20 63 6f  6c 6f 75 72 73 20 61 72  |age's colours ar|
00004b80  65 20 73 70 72 65 61 64  20 6f 75 74 20 28 6c 6f  |e spread out (lo|
00004b90  63 61 6c 6c 79 29 20 6f  76 65 72 20 74 68 65 20  |cally) over the |
00004ba0  69 6d 61 67 65 2e 20 54  68 69 73 20 75 73 75 61  |image. This usua|
00004bb0  6c 6c 79 20 72 65 73 75  6c 74 73 0a 69 6e 20 69  |lly results.in i|
00004bc0  6d 61 67 65 73 20 77 69  74 68 20 61 20 6d 75 63  |mages with a muc|
00004bd0  68 20 68 69 67 68 65 72  20 71 75 61 6c 69 74 79  |h higher quality|
00004be0  2c 20 73 6f 20 79 6f 75  20 77 69 6c 6c 20 75 73  |, so you will us|
00004bf0  75 61 6c 6c 79 20 6c 65  61 76 65 20 73 6f 6d 65  |ually leave some|
00004c00  20 6b 69 6e 64 20 6f 66  0a 65 72 72 6f 72 20 73  | kind of.error s|
00004c10  70 72 65 61 64 69 6e 67  20 6f 6e 20 28 46 6c 6f  |preading on (Flo|
00004c20  79 64 2d 53 74 65 69 6e  62 65 72 67 20 61 74 20  |yd-Steinberg at |
00004c30  62 65 73 74 29 2e 0a 0a  57 68 65 6e 20 79 6f 75  |best)...When you|
00004c40  20 73 77 69 74 63 68 20  6f 66 66 20 65 72 72 6f  | switch off erro|
00004c50  72 20 73 70 72 65 61 64  69 6e 67 2c 20 6f 6e 6c  |r spreading, onl|
00004c60  79 20 74 68 65 20 62 65  73 74 20 61 70 70 72 6f  |y the best appro|
00004c70  78 69 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e  73 20 74 6f 20 63 6f 6c  |ximations to col|
00004c80  6f 75 72 73 0a 61 72 65  20 75 73 65 64 2c 20 61  |ours.are used, a|
00004c90  6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 65  72 72 6f 72 73 20 6d 61  |nd the errors ma|
00004ca0  64 65 20 69 6e 20 74 68  69 73 20 70 72 6f 63 65  |de in this proce|
00004cb0  73 73 20 77 69 6c 6c 20  62 65 20 63 6f 6d 70 6c  |ss will be compl|
00004cc0  65 74 65 6c 79 20 69 67  6e 6f 72 65 64 2e 20 59  |etely ignored. Y|
00004cd0  6f 75 0a 6d 61 79 20 77  61 6e 74 20 74 6f 20 64  |ou.may want to d|
00004ce0  6f 20 74 68 69 73 20 74  6f 20 63 6f 6d 70 61 72  |o this to compar|
00004cf0  65 20 72 65 73 75 6c 74  73 2e 0a 0a 54 68 65 72  |e results...Ther|
00004d00  65 20 61 72 65 20 74 77  6f 20 63 68 6f 69 63 65  |e are two choice|
00004d10  73 20 6f 66 20 65 72 72  6f 72 20 73 70 72 65 61  |s of error sprea|
00004d20  64 69 6e 67 20 61 76 61  69 6c 61 62 6c 65 2c 20  |ding available, |
00004d30  77 68 69 63 68 20 64 69  66 66 65 72 20 69 6e 20  |which differ in |
00004d40  74 68 65 20 77 61 79 0a  74 68 65 79 20 73 70 72  |the way.they spr|
00004d50  65 61 64 20 74 68 65 20  61 70 70 72 6f 78 69 6d  |ead the approxim|
00004d60  61 74 69 6f 6e 20 65 72  72 6f 72 73 2e 0a 0a 2d  |ation errors...-|
00004d70  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |----------------|
*
00004da0  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a 7c 20  50 72 6f 63 65 73 73 20  |-----.| Process |
00004db0  7c 20 53 70 72 69 74 65  20 6f 75 74 70 75 74 20  || Sprite output |
00004dc0  7c 20 45 72 72 6f 72 20  73 70 72 65 61 64 69 6e  || Error spreadin|
00004dd0  67 20 7c 20 53 69 6d 70  6c 65 20 7c 0a 2d 2d 2d  |g | Simple |.---|
00004de0  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |----------------|
*
00004e10  2d 2d 2d 0a 54 68 69 73  20 73 70 72 65 61 64 73  |---.This spreads|
00004e20  20 6f 75 74 20 74 68 65  20 65 72 72 6f 72 73 20  | out the errors |
00004e30  61 6c 6f 6e 67 20 74 68  65 20 73 61 6d 65 20 70  |along the same p|
00004e40  69 78 65 6c 20 72 6f 77  20 6f 6e 6c 79 2e 20 49  |ixel row only. I|
00004e50  6e 20 66 61 63 74 2c 20  69 74 20 67 69 76 65 73  |n fact, it gives|
00004e60  0a 6f 6e 65 20 6f 66 20  69 74 73 20 6e 65 69 67  |.one of its neig|
00004e70  68 62 6f 72 20 70 69 78  65 6c 73 20 74 68 65 20  |hbor pixels the |
00004e80  66 75 6c 6c 20 65 72 72  6f 72 20 66 61 63 74 6f  |full error facto|
00004e90  72 2c 20 61 73 20 66 6f  6c 6c 6f 77 73 20 3a 0a  |r, as follows :.|
00004ea0  0a 20 20 20 20 20 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |.     ----------|
00004eb0  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |----------------|
*
00004ed0  0a 20 20 20 20 20 7c 20  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  |.     |         |
00004ee0  20 20 7c 20 43 75 72 72  65 6e 74 20 70 69 78 65  |  | Current pixe|
00004ef0  6c 20 7c 20 66 75 6c 6c  20 65 72 72 6f 72 20 7c  |l | full error ||
00004f00  0a 20 20 20 20 20 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |.     ----------|
00004f10  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |----------------|
*
00004f30  0a 0a 54 68 69 73 20 69  73 20 74 68 65 20 66 61  |..This is the fa|
00004f40  73 74 65 73 74 20 6f 66  20 74 68 65 20 74 77 6f  |stest of the two|
00004f50  2c 20 61 6e 64 20 67 69  76 65 73 20 76 65 72 79  |, and gives very|
00004f60  20 67 6f 6f 64 20 72 65  73 75 6c 74 73 2e 0a 0a  | good results...|
00004f70  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |----------------|
*
00004fa0  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a  |---------------.|
00004fb0  7c 20 50 72 6f 63 65 73  73 20 7c 20 53 70 72 69  || Process | Spri|
00004fc0  74 65 20 6f 75 74 70 75  74 20 7c 20 45 72 72 6f  |te output | Erro|
00004fd0  72 20 73 70 72 65 61 64  69 6e 67 20 7c 20 46 6c  |r spreading | Fl|
00004fe0  6f 79 64 20 53 74 65 69  6e 62 65 72 67 20 7c 0a  |oyd Steinberg |.|
00004ff0  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |----------------|
*
00005020  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a  |---------------.|
00005030  46 6c 6f 79 64 20 53 74  65 69 6e 62 65 72 67 20  |Floyd Steinberg |
00005040  65 72 72 6f 72 20 73 70  72 65 61 64 69 6e 67 2c  |error spreading,|
00005050  20 66 69 72 73 74 20 64  69 73 63 6f 76 65 72 65  | first discovere|
00005060  64 20 62 79 20 52 2e 57  2e 20 46 6c 6f 79 64 20  |d by R.W. Floyd |
00005070  61 6e 64 20 4c 2e 0a 53  74 65 69 6e 62 65 72 67  |and L..Steinberg|
00005080  2c 20 73 70 72 65 61 64  73 20 74 68 65 20 65 72  |, spreads the er|
00005090  72 6f 72 73 20 6d 6f 72  65 20 69 6e 74 65 6c 6c  |rors more intell|
000050a0  69 67 65 6e 74 6c 79 2e  20 49 74 20 64 69 76 69  |igently. It divi|
000050b0  64 65 73 20 74 68 65 20  65 72 72 6f 72 0a 66 61  |des the error.fa|
000050c0  63 74 6f 72 73 20 61 6d  6f 6e 67 20 66 6f 75 72  |ctors among four|
000050d0  20 6e 65 69 67 68 62 6f  72 20 70 69 78 65 6c 73  | neighbor pixels|
000050e0  20 28 69 6e 73 74 65 61  64 20 6f 66 20 6f 6e 65  | (instead of one|
000050f0  29 2c 20 61 73 20 66 6f  6c 6c 6f 77 73 20 3a 0a  |), as follows :.|
00005100  0a 20 20 20 20 20 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |.     ----------|
00005110  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |----------------|
*
00005130  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a  20 20 20 20 20 7c 20 20  |-------.     |  |
00005140  20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20  20 20 20 20 20 7c 20 43  |             | C|
00005150  75 72 72 65 6e 74 20 70  69 78 65 6c 20 7c 20 37  |urrent pixel | 7|
00005160  2f 31 36 20 6f 66 20 65  72 72 6f 72 20 7c 20 20  |/16 of error |  |
00005170  3c 2d 2d 20 63 75 72 72  65 6e 74 20 6c 69 6e 65  |<-- current line|
00005180  0a 20 20 20 20 20 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |.     ----------|
00005190  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |----------------|
*
000051b0  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a  20 20 20 20 20 7c 20 33  |-------.     | 3|
000051c0  2f 31 36 20 6f 66 20 65  72 72 6f 72 20 7c 20 35  |/16 of error | 5|
000051d0  2f 31 36 20 6f 66 20 65  72 72 6f 72 20 7c 20 31  |/16 of error | 1|
000051e0  2f 31 36 20 6f 66 20 65  72 72 6f 72 20 7c 20 20  |/16 of error |  |
000051f0  3c 2d 2d 20 6e 65 78 74  20 6c 69 6e 65 0a 20 20  |<-- next line.  |
00005200  20 20 20 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |   -------------|
00005210  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |----------------|
*
00005230  2d 2d 2d 2d 0a 0a 54 68  65 20 72 65 73 75 6c 74  |----..The result|
00005240  73 20 61 72 65 20 75 73  75 61 6c 6c 79 20 62 65  |s are usually be|
00005250  74 74 65 72 20 74 68 61  6e 20 77 68 65 6e 20 75  |tter than when u|
00005260  73 69 6e 67 20 27 53 69  6d 70 6c 65 27 20 65 72  |sing 'Simple' er|
00005270  72 6f 72 20 73 70 72 65  61 64 69 6e 67 2c 20 62  |ror spreading, b|
00005280  75 74 0a 74 6f 20 77 68  69 63 68 20 64 65 67 72  |ut.to which degr|
00005290  65 65 20 64 65 70 65 6e  64 73 20 68 65 61 76 69  |ee depends heavi|
000052a0  6c 79 20 6f 6e 20 74 68  65 20 74 79 70 65 20 6f  |ly on the type o|
000052b0  66 20 69 6e 70 75 74 20  69 6d 61 67 65 2e 20 44  |f input image. D|
000052c0  69 67 69 74 69 73 65 64  20 69 6d 61 67 65 73 0a  |igitised images.|
000052d0  77 69 6c 6c 20 75 73 75  61 6c 6c 79 20 62 65 6e  |will usually ben|
000052e0  65 66 69 74 20 6d 75 63  68 20 6c 65 73 73 20 74  |efit much less t|
000052f0  68 61 6e 20 27 68 61 6e  64 2d 64 72 61 77 6e 27  |han 'hand-drawn'|
00005300  20 69 6d 61 67 65 73 2e  20 54 68 65 20 6f 6e 6c  | images. The onl|
00005310  79 20 70 65 6e 61 6c 74  79 20 6f 66 0a 74 68 69  |y penalty of.thi|
00005320  73 20 65 72 72 6f 72 20  73 70 72 65 61 64 69 6e  |s error spreadin|
00005330  67 20 74 65 63 68 6e 69  71 75 65 20 69 73 20 74  |g technique is t|
00005340  68 61 74 20 69 74 20 69  73 20 63 6f 6d 70 75 74  |hat it is comput|
00005350  61 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c 6c  79 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 65  |ationally more e|
00005360  78 70 65 6e 73 69 76 65  0a 74 68 61 6e 20 27 53  |xpensive.than 'S|
00005370  69 6d 70 6c 65 27 20 65  72 72 6f 72 20 73 70 72  |imple' error spr|
00005380  65 61 64 69 6e 67 2c 20  73 6f 20 79 6f 75 27 6c  |eading, so you'l|
00005390  6c 20 68 61 76 65 20 74  6f 20 77 61 69 74 20 61  |l have to wait a|
000053a0  20 66 65 77 20 73 65 63  6f 6e 64 73 20 6c 6f 6e  | few seconds lon|
000053b0  67 65 72 2e 0a 0a 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |ger...----------|
000053c0  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |----------------|
*
000053e0  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 0a 7c 20 50 72 6f 63  |---------.| Proc|
000053f0  65 73 73 20 7c 20 53 70  72 69 74 65 20 6f 75 74  |ess | Sprite out|
00005400  70 75 74 20 7c 20 45 72  72 6f 72 20 73 70 72 65  |put | Error spre|
00005410  61 64 69 6e 67 20 7c 20  4f 66 66 20 7c 0a 2d 2d  |ading | Off |.--|
00005420  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  |----------------|
*
00005450  2d 0a 43 6c 69 63 6b 69  6e 67 20 6f 6e 20 74 68  |-.Clicking on th|
00005460  69 73 20 69 63 6f 6e 20  73 77 69 74 63 68 65 73  |is icon switches|
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*
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00006500  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 0a 7c 20 50  |------------.| P|
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*
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*
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000074a0  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d  2d 2d 0a 7c 20 45 78 61  |----------.| Exa|
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00007780  4d 69 73 63 20 7c 0a 2d  2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0a  |Misc |.--------.|
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*
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*
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*
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0000a940  5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f  5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f  |________________|
*
0000a980  5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f  0a 0a 21 21 21 20 4e 4f  |________..!!! NO|
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0000aaa0  5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f  5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f  |________________|
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0000aae0  5f 0a 0a                                          |_..|
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