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!FontCtrl/!Help

This website contains an archive of files for the Acorn Electron, BBC Micro, Acorn Archimedes, Commodore 16 and Commodore 64 computers, which Dominic Ford has rescued from his private collection of floppy disks and cassettes.

Some of these files were originally commercial releases in the 1980s and 1990s, but they are now widely available online. I assume that copyright over them is no longer being asserted. If you own the copyright and would like files to be removed, please contact me.

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File contents
                        About !FontCtrl (version 0.12)
                        ==============================

FontCtrl provides an easy way to configure a system to get the best out of
the outline font manager (FontManager 2.43 and upwards). It provides the
ability to change the parameters which control the way the font manager
renders the fonts and it also allows the cacheing of specific fonts on disc
for speedier reference. Some knowledge of fonts is necessary!


How your fonts are stored
-------------------------

The !Fonts application contains a set of fonts, each held in two files in a
subdirectory with the same name as the font.  For example:

        !Fonts.Trinity.Medium.IntMetrics
        !Fonts.Trinity.Medium.Outlines

The "IntMetrics" file contains the width information for the font, and is
scaled by the Font Manager according to the point size required.

The "Outlines" file contains a set of Bezier curve outline definitions, with
extra "hint" information, which can be scaled to any size to give a
high-quality monochrome or anti-aliased bitmap image.

Normally, the Font Manager converts the outlines to bitmaps as they are
required, but it is also possible, using !FontCtrl, to precompute certain
sizes of bitmaps, and store them in the appropriate font directory, eg:

        !Fonts.Trinity.Medium.b400x200           (monochrome)
        !Fonts.Trinity.Medium.f480x240           (anti-aliased)

The numbers in the filename indicate the size of the bitmap, according to
the following formula:

        point size * 16 * dots-per-inch / 72

Note that in mode 12, there are 90 dots-per-inch in the x-direction, and 45
dots-per-inch in the y-direction, so the above files represent a
monochrome 20 point set of bitmaps and an anti-aliased 24 point set.


How the Font Manager makes fonts
--------------------------------

The Font Manager has an area of memory known as the "font cache", which you
can make bigger or smaller by dragging the appropriate bar in the Task
display window.

Normally, the Font Manager makes fonts by converting the outlines into
bitmaps of the required size as they are requested, storing the results in
the font cache.  If the same size is requested later, the data in the cache
can be used again, so saving on computation time.

However, there are several other possibilities, which essentially depend on
the size of the font required:

   1. If the exact size of bitmap required is already stored on disc, the
      data can be loaded and used immediately.  This applies to anti-aliased
      and monochrome bitmaps.

   2. For very large sizes, the outlines can be rendered on the screen
      directly, without being stored in the cache.  This saves other font
      data from being squeezed out of the cache.  Note that anti-aliasing is
      not possible when the outlines are rendered directly.

   3. Above a certain size, anti-aliasing may not be necessary, but the
      font data should still be stored in the cache.  In this case,
      monochrome bitmaps may be used, which are smaller and take less time
      to compute.

   4. If a suitable anti-aliased bitmap master is available, the Font
      Manager can scale this, rather than using the outlines.  This is
      generally faster, but produces a slightly lower-quality result.

   5. When converting outlines to anti-aliased bitmaps, the Font Manager
      first generates monochrome bitmaps at 4 times the size required and
      then uses super-sampling to convert to a 16-level greyscale image.  By
      altering the position of the monochrome master by 0,1,2 or 3 pixels
      vertically and horizontally, it is possible to produce up to 16
      different anti-aliased versions of each character.  Normally this is
      only done for the 4 possible horizontal placements, and then only for
      small sizes (as it is rather slow).

Using !FontCtrl, you can set the five possible "threshold" values which
determine for which point sizes the Font Manager will use methods 2 to 5.


The FontCtrl window
-------------------

The FontCtrl window is in two parts: the top half allows you to make
precomputed bitmaps at certain sizes, while the bottom half controls the
"FontMax" parameters used by the Font Manager to decide how to render fonts.


(1) The font manufacturing section


"Font:"         A box needs to be filled with the name of the font. You can
                click MENU to obtain a list of the current fonts, or you can
                type a font name into the box.

"Size:"         The point size and height of the font can be entered by
"Height:"       typing into these boxes.  If no specific height is given it
                will be the same as the size.

"Screen X,Y"    !FontCtrl fills these values in itself by looking at the
"Printer X,Y"   current screen mode and printer. Fonts are made specific to
                a particular device, but you can type in your own values if
                you wish to make a font for a device which you are not
                currently using.

"Make"          Make the font for the device. The information will be
                computed with the current font parameters and then written
                to the place where the font information came from as a file
                with a name of the form f or b <number> x <number> e.g.
                f480x240.  The numbers represent a combination of the device
                resolution and the point size.

"Del"           The font information is deleted, if it exists.


(2) The configuration section.

The bottom of the !FontCtrl window provides easy alteration of the various
"fontmax" parameters held in the CMOS RAM of the machine. These parameters
control the choices made by the font manager in the process of providing the
desired font and they can be tuned to provide more accurate displays or
faster production of the information. To take each section in turn:


"Max height of rescaled bitmaps" (FontMax1)

The Font Manager is able to scale precomputed anti-aliased bitmaps, if it is
told which set of bitmaps is to be used as the master set.  It will only do
this if the size of font required is less than or equal to this parameter.

Scaling from bitmaps is very fast (compared to creating the font from the
outline) but gives a less accurate result, particularly when the original
information must be magnified.  You should therefore choose a master size
that is at least as big as the "max height of rescaled bitmaps" parameter.

To make a master bitmap font:

    * Use FontCtrl to make a bitmap font which will serve as the master,
      making sure that the result is anti-aliased, with no subpixel scaling.

    * Create a text file called "x90y45" in the font directory, which
      contains a single line consisting of the leafname of the bitmap font
      file, eg:

                f480x240                (for 20 points at 90x45 dpi)

The scaling process is not used for monochrome output unless it is the only
possible method of displaying the font. It is recommended that magnification
of the original is not used unless the need for speed is high.


"Max height of anti-aliasing" (FontMax2)

This parameter only applies when the Font Manager is going to scale outlines
to bitmaps in the cache: if the size required is less than or equal to this
parameter, the result will be anti-aliased, otherwise it will be
monochrome.


"Max height of cached bitmaps" (FontMax3)

Fonts, derived from the outline or previously computed pixel maps, are
stored in the computer's memory (in a "cache") to speed things up. However,
large fonts may take up more memory than they are worth (in terms of losing
that storage for other fonts or other purposes), so a limit can be set on
the maximum size of fonts which will be cached. Non cached fonts cannot be
anti-aliased, so this value should be larger than "max height of
anti-aliasing".

Note also that if you have a non-PostScript printer, this parameter affects
whether fonts are cached when printing.  If the value in the "printer" box
is smaller than your typical body text size, there may be a very long pause
at the start of each page, as all the characters on the page are rendered
from the outline form.


"Max width for horiz subpixel use" (FontMax4)
"Max height for vert subpixel use" (FontMax5)

As explained above, it is possible for the Font Manager to generate
4 versions of each character in each direction, so that each character can
be more accurately "positioned" by choosing the most appropriate version.

The process improves the legibility of small type faces particularly. It is
expensive in terms of both time and storage, especially if both horizontal
and vertical parameters apply, so it is best used only on small fonts or
when cacheing a font on disc (see above). Note that the vertical option is
defeated by !Edit, but still applies to !Draw etc.

These parameters override the "max height of rescaled bitmaps" value, since
the Font Manager can only do subpixel scaling on outlines.

Recommended setting is either off or a setting of around 10 point.


"Max size of font cache" (FontMax)

The font manager has a minimum size of memory to use for putting fonts in
("fontsize" - set it with *configure fontsize <n>K" or use the RISC OS task
manager to drag the font cache red bar) and it can also take extra memory
from the system to expand its cache "when the going gets tough". This may
lead to an undesireably large font cache, with the font manager owning up
to 1MByte of the memory, so a maximum size is also provided. Recommended
setting is around 1/8 of your machine's memory.


"Redraw whole screen"

After changing the parameters, you can see the effect on information already
on display by clicking here. The display will be redrawn with all fonts
being recomputed if needed to show the effect of the changes.


"Reset Values"

Click here to reset the parameters to the values they had when FontCtrl was
started or to the last time "save values" was clicked.


"Save Values"

Click here to cause FontCtrl to memorise the current parameters as a point
that can be returned to while experimenting.

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000027a0  0a                                                |.|
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