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16-10-88/T\SPK02
This website contains an archive of files for the Acorn Electron, BBC Micro, Acorn Archimedes, Commodore 16 and Commodore 64 computers, which Dominic Ford has rescued from his private collection of floppy disks and cassettes.
Some of these files were originally commercial releases in the 1980s and 1990s, but they are now widely available online. I assume that copyright over them is no longer being asserted. If you own the copyright and would like files to be removed, please contact me.
| Tape/disk: | Home » CEEFAX disks » telesoftware10.adl |
| Filename: | 16-10-88/T\SPK02 |
| Read OK: | ✔ |
| File size: | 44E9 bytes |
| Load address: | 0000 |
| Exec address: | FFFFFFFF |
File contents
The Acorn Speech System - by - Gordon Horsington
----------------------------------------------------
Module 2. The Acorn word PHROM.
-------------------------------
The word PHROM used in the Acorn Speech System is a Texas Instruments 16k
TMS 6100. It uses a 14 bit address register and, after an address is
written into the register, data can be read out one bit at a time and made
available to the TMS 5220 Voice Synthesis Processor.
The Acorn word PHROM has been named word PHROM A. It is also refered to as
word PHROM number &0F. The number &0F is used in the Load Address command
but the A in word PHROM A is just a name with little practical use.
Data are stored in a word PHROM in three different formats. Each byte is
either untransformed, rotated or reversed. The data stored from address
&0000 to address &003B are untransformed. The data from &003C to &3FFF are
either rotated or reversed.
Rotated data have every bit in the byte shifted right one bit and bit
seven replaced with bit zero.
+-----------------+ Rotate +-----------------+
| 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 | ---------> | 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 |
+-----------------+ +-----------------+
The bits in the accumulator can be rotated with the following code:
PHA \ temporary store for the byte
ROR A \ rotate one bit right, bit zero into carry
PLA \ restore byte
ROR A \ rotate one bit right, carry into bit seven
Each word or word-part in word PHROM A has an associated word name. The
characters of each word name are stored in reverse order (eg. ACORN is
stored as NROCA) with the bits in every byte of the word name rotated.
Reversed data have every bit in a byte stored in reverse order.
+-----------------+ Reverse +-----------------+
| 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 | ---------> | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 |
+-----------------+ +-----------------+
The bits in the accumulator can be reversed with the following code:
STA &70 \ store byte in &70
ROL &70 \ bit 7 of &70 into carry
ROR A \ carry to bit 7 of accumulator
ROL &70 \ bit 6 into carry
ROR A \ bit 7 to bit 6, carry to bit 7
ROL &70 \ bit 5 into carry
ROR A \ and so on ...
ROL &70
ROR A
ROL &70
ROR A
ROL &70
ROR A
ROL &70
ROR A
ROL &70
ROR A \ bits in accumulator reversed
The speech data stored in a word PHROM are reversed so that they are in a
suitable format to be fed directly to the speech processor. When the Speak
External command is used to speak data stored in RAM, those data must also
be reversed.
The contents and transformations of word PHROM A are shown in figure 1.
+-------------+---------------------------------------+----------------+
| Address | Contents | Transformation |
+-------------+---------------------------------------+----------------+
| &00 | PHROM format type (&00 in PHROM A) | None |
| &01 | File data flag (&FF in PHROM A) | None |
| &02 | ASCII "(" (hex. &28) | None |
| &03 | ASCII "C" (hex. &43) | None |
| &04 | ASCII ")" (hex. &29) | None |
| &05 - &35 | Text - 3 strings separated by &00 | None |
| &36 - &37 | PHROM serial number (&0 in PHROM A) | None |
| &38 - &39 | Number of ASCII words (&005F) | None |
| &3A - &3B | Number of pointers (&0104) | None |
| &3C - &3D | Pointer to end of *ROM data (&4000) | Reversed |
| &3E - &3F | Pointer to end of speech data (&4000) | Reversed |
| &40 - &41 | Pointer to first ASCII word (&0250) | Reversed |
| &42 - &43 | Pointer to second ASCII word (&35CA) | Reversed |
| | | |
| &FC - &FD | Pointer to last ASCII word (&269D) | Reversed |
| &FE - &FF | Pointer to first word (&0250) | Reversed |
| &100 - &101 | Pointer to second word (&025F) | Reversed |
| | | |
| &246 - &247 | Pointer to last word (&3F9B) | Reversed |
| &248 | End of pointer marker (&FF) | Reversed |
| &249 - &24F | Word 1 name )521.( | Rotated |
| &250 - &258 | Word 1 data : bottom byte first | Reversed |
| &259 - &25E | Word 2 name )52.0( | Rotated |
| &25F - &26A | Word 2 data | Reversed |
| | | |
| &3F9A | Last word name Z | Rotated |
| &3F9B - FF | Last word data | Reversed |
+-------------+---------------------------------------+----------------+
| There is no *ROM data or unused space in word PHROM A |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 1. The data stored in word PHROM A
-----------------------------------------
The program REVERSE can be used to examine the contents of word PHROM A in
more detail. REVERSE uses the Load Address and Read Byte commands to read
and then display the contents of the word PHROM.
10 REM: REVERSE
20 MODE3
30 VDU14
40 ON ERROR GOTO 990
50 seventy=&70
60 osbyte=&FFF4
70 DIM mcode &100
80 DIM byte(11)
90 FORpass=0TO2STEP2
100 P%=mcode
110 [ OPT pass
120 .read
130 LDA #&9F \ write to speech processor
140 LDY #&10 \ read byte command
150 JSR osbyte \ send read byte command
160 LDA #&9E \ read speech processor
170 JSR osbyte \ read byte at address register
180 TYA \ result into accumulator
190 RTS
200 .rotate
210 PHA
220 ROR A \ bit 0 into carry flag
230 PLA
240 ROR A \ rotate byte read from PHROM
250 RTS
260 .reverse
270 STA seventy \ store byte in &70
280 LDX #8 \ loop count = 8
290 .again
300 ROL seventy \ bit 7 of &70 into carry
310 ROR A \ carry into bit 7 of accumulator
320 DEX \ decrement counter
330 BNE again \ if not 0 do it again
340 RTS
350 ]
360 NEXT
370 INPUT"Start address &"start$
380 start=EVAL("&"+start$)
390 IF start > &3FFC THEN 370
400 INPUT"End address &"end$
410 end=EVAL("&"+end$)
420 IF end > &3FFF THEN 400
430 A%=&9F:REM: write to speech processor
440 Y%=&40+(start AND &F):REM: add Load Address command to LS nybble
450 CALL osbyte:REM: write LS nybble with Load Address command
460 Y%=&40+(start AND &F0)DIV &10
470 CALL osbyte
480 Y%=&40+(start AND &F00)DIV &100
490 CALL osbyte
500 Y%=&4C+(start AND &F000)DIV &1000
510 CALL osbyte
520 Y%=&43:REM: fifth byte always #&43
530 CALL osbyte
540 INPUT"Printer (Y/N) "yes$
550 IF LEFT$(yes$,1) ="Y" THEN VDU15,2
560 PRINT'"Addr";
570 PRINTTAB(7);"Untransformed";
580 PRINTTAB(28);"Rotated";
590 PRINTTAB(47);"Reversed"'
600 FOR block=start TO end STEP 4
610 IF block < &10 PRINT;"0";
620 IF block < &100 PRINT;"0";
630 IF block < &1000 PRINT;"0";
640 PRINT;~block;" ";
650 FOR memory=0 TO 3
660 byte(memory)=USR(read)AND &FF
670 A%=byte(memory)
680 byte(memory+4)=USR(rotate)AND &FF
690 byte(memory+8)=USR(reverse)AND &FF
700 IF A%<16 VDU48
710 PRINT;~A%;" ";
720 NEXT
730 FOR memory=0 TO 3
740 A%=byte(memory)
750 IF A%>31 AND A%<127 VDUA% ELSE VDU46
760 NEXT
770 PRINT;" ";
780 FOR memory=4 TO 7
790 A%=byte(memory)
800 IF A%<16 VDU48
810 PRINT;~A%;" ";
820 NEXT
830 FOR memory=4 TO 7
840 A%=byte(memory)
850 IF A%>31 AND A%<127 VDUA% ELSE VDU46
860 NEXT
870 PRINT;" ";
880 FOR memory=8 TO 11
890 A%=byte(memory)
900 IF A%<16 VDU48
910 PRINT;~A%;" ";
920 NEXT
930 FOR memory=8 TO 11
940 A%=byte(memory)
950 IF A%>31 AND A%<127 VDUA% ELSE VDU46
960 NEXT
970 PRINT
980 NEXT
990 VDU3
1000 INPUT'"Another (Y/N) "yes$
1010 IF LEFT$(yes$,1)="Y" THEN RUN
1020 END
Load and run the program and use it to display the first &3B bytes of word
PHROM A. You should produce a display similar to the one shown in figure 2
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Start address &0 |
| End address &3B |
| Printer (Y/N) N |
| |
| Addr Untransformed Rotated Reversed |
| |
| 0000 00 FF 28 43 ..(C 00 FF 14 A1 .... 00 FF 14 C2 .... |
| 0004 29 31 39 38 )198 94 98 9C 1C .... 94 8C 9C 1C .... |
| 0008 32 20 41 63 2 Ac 19 10 A0 B1 .... 4C 04 82 C6 L... |
| 000C 6F 72 6E 00 orn. B7 39 37 00 .97. F6 4E 76 00 .Nv. |
| 0010 57 6F 72 64 Word AB B7 39 32 ..92 EA F6 4E 26 ..N& |
| 0014 20 50 48 52 PHR 10 28 24 29 .($) 04 0A 12 4A ...J |
| 0018 4F 4D 20 41 OM A A7 A6 10 A0 .... F2 B2 04 82 .... |
| 001C 00 31 2E 30 .1.0 00 98 17 18 .... 00 8C 74 0C ..t. |
| 0020 30 00 00 00 0... 18 00 00 00 .... 0C 00 00 00 .... |
| 0024 00 00 00 00 .... 00 00 00 00 .... 00 00 00 00 .... |
| 0028 00 00 00 00 .... 00 00 00 00 .... 00 00 00 00 .... |
| 002C 00 00 00 00 .... 00 00 00 00 .... 00 00 00 00 .... |
| 0030 00 00 00 00 .... 00 00 00 00 .... 00 00 00 00 .... |
| 0034 00 00 00 00 .... 00 00 00 00 .... 00 00 00 00 .... |
| 0038 5F 00 04 01 _... AF 00 02 80 .... FA 00 20 80 .. . |
| |
| Another (Y/N) N |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 2. The output from the program REVERSE
---------------------------------------------
The first &3B bytes of word PHROM A are untransformed and you can ignore
the rotated and reversed columns for the first &3B bytes. The useful
information in these first few bytes includes the word PHROM serial number
(&0000) in addresses &36 and &37. The number of ASCII associated words is
&005F (in addresses &38 and &39) and the number of pointers is &0104 (in
addresses &3A and &3B).
The reversed data start at &3C. Run the program again starting at &3C.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Start address &3C |
| End address &270 |
| Printer (Y/N) N |
| |
| Addr Untransformed Rotated Reversed |
| |
| 003C 00 02 00 02 .... 00 01 00 01 .... 00 40 00 40 .@.@ |
| 0040 0A 40 53 AC .@S. 05 20 A9 56 . .V 50 02 CA 35 P..5 |
| 0044 49 60 FC E0 I`.. A4 30 7E 70 .0~p 92 06 3F 07 ..?. |
| 0048 EF E0 6D 10 ..m. F7 70 B6 08 .p.. F7 07 B6 08 .... |
| 004C 6C 90 D3 90 l... 36 48 E9 48 6H.H 36 09 CB 09 6... |
| 0050 62 50 BF 50 bP.P 31 28 DF 28 1(.( 46 0A FD 0A F... |
| 0054 2E 1C A2 34 ...4 17 0E 51 1A ..Q. 74 38 45 2C t8E, |
| 0058 0C A0 84 C4 .... 06 50 42 62 .PBb 30 05 21 23 0.!# |
| 005C D1 34 01 94 .4.. E8 1A 80 4A ...J 8B 2C 80 29 .,.) |
| 0060 EC 20 53 A0 . S. 76 10 A9 50 v..P 37 04 CA 05 7... |
| : : : |
| 00F0 56 E4 3F 7C V.?| 2B 72 9F 3E +r.> 6A 27 FC 3E j'.> |
| 00F4 A8 20 78 D8 . x. 54 10 3C 6C T.<l 15 04 1E 1B .... |
| 00F8 12 54 A9 84 .T.. 09 2A D4 42 .*.B 48 2A 95 21 H*.! |
| 00FC B9 64 0A 40 .d.@ DC 32 05 20 .2. 9D 26 50 02 .&P. |
| 0100 FA 40 4E 40 .@N@ 7D 20 27 20 } ' 5F 02 72 02 _.r. |
| 0104 0D 40 97 40 .@.@ 86 20 CB 20 . . B0 02 E9 02 .... |
| 0108 00 C0 D4 C0 .... 00 60 6A 60 .`j` 00 03 2B 03 ..+. |
| : : : |
| 0230 1D DC B8 3C ...< 8E 6E 5C 1E .n\. B8 3B 1D 3C .;.< |
| 0234 36 3C 43 3C 6<C< 1B 1E A1 1E .... 6C 3C C2 3C l<.< |
| 0238 58 BC 76 BC X.v. 2C 5E 3B 5E ,^;^ 1A 3D 6E 3D .=n= |
| 023C AD BC 88 7C ...| D6 5E 44 3E .^D> B5 3D 11 3E .=.> |
| 0240 61 7C 3F 7C a|?| B0 3E 9F 3E .>.> 86 3E FC 3E .>.> |
| 0244 BC FC D9 FC .... 5E 7E EC 7E ^~.~ 3D 3F 9B 3F =?.? |
| 0248 FF 52 6A 64 .Rjd FF 29 35 32 .)52 FF 4A 56 26 .JV& |
| 024C 62 5C 60 50 b\`P 31 2E 30 28 1.0( 46 3A 06 0A F:.. |
| 0250 10 28 83 BB .(.. 08 14 C1 DD .... 08 14 C1 DD .... |
| 0254 A2 26 C0 00 .&.. 51 13 60 00 Q.`. 45 64 03 00 Ed.. |
| 0258 3F 52 6A 64 ?Rjd 9F 29 35 32 .)52 FC 4A 56 26 .JV& |
| 025C 5C 60 50 10 \`P. 2E 30 28 08 .0(. 3A 06 0A 08 :... |
| 0260 28 83 BB A2 (... 14 C1 DD 51 ...Q 14 C1 DD 45 ...E |
| 0264 26 C0 00 00 &... 13 60 00 00 .`.. 64 03 00 00 d... |
| 0268 00 03 FF 52 ...R 00 81 FF 29 ...) 00 C0 FF 4A ...J |
| 026C 62 8A 9C 9E b... 31 45 4E 4F 1ENO 46 51 39 79 FQ9y |
| 0270 A8 50 B1 4F .P.O 54 28 D8 A7 T(.. 15 0A 8D F2 .... |
| |
| Another (Y/N) N |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 3. Another output from REVERSE
-------------------------------------
The data from &3C to &3FFF are either rotated or reversed. You can ignore
the untransformed column from &3C to &3FFF.
The pointers stored from &3C to &247 are all reversed. The pointer to the
start of *ROM data (addresses &3C and &3D) and the pointer to the end of
speech data (addresses &3E and &3F) both contain the number &4000. This
indicates that there is neither any *ROM data in word PHROM A nor is there
any room for it.
Addresses &40 (LSB) and &41 (MSB) point to the first ASCII associated
word. This word is SPACE (see Appendix B of the Speech System User Guide).
The pointer contains the number &0250 which is the address of the data for
the word (0.125), the short pause (see Appendix A of the User Guide). The
bytes at addresses &42 (LSB) and &43 (MSB) contain the numbner &35CA. This
points to the speech data for the ASCII associated word !, which is TEN.
There are &5F ASCII associated words (see Appendix B of the User Guide).
The pointer for an ASCII associated word, n, from SPACE (n = &20) to ~
(n = &7F) is located at address 2*n in word PHROM A. To find the address
of the speech data associated with, for example, ASCII $ you should first
multiply the ASCII code for $ by 2, &24*2=&48. The number stored at
addresses &48 (LSB) and &49 (MSB) is &07F7. The speech data associated
with ASCII $ (which is 4- not the word DOLLAR) starts at &07F7.
The last pointer for an ASCII associated word is stored at addresses &FC
and &FD. This pointer contains the address of the data associated with the
ASCII word ~. The address is &269D, the word is NOT.
The pointer to the first (non-ASCII associated) word is stored at
addresses &FE (LSB) and &FF (MSB). The address of the start of the speech
data for the first word is &0250 and the word is (0.125), the short pause.
The pointer to the second word is stored at addresses &100 (LSB) and &101
(MSB). The address of the start of the speech data for second word is
&025F and the word is (0.25), the long pause. The pointer to the last word
is stored at addresses &246 (LSB) and &247 (MSB). The address of the start
of the speech data for the last word is &3F9B and the word is Z.
A list of all the words and the addresses of the start of their speech
data can be found in Appendix A of the Speech User Guide. The word number
for each word in Appendix A is the address of the least significant byte
of the associated pointer divided by two. You can use the program REVERSE
to correct the typing errors in the list of addresses in Appendix A. The
addresses for B, BETWEEN, BOTH, and BUTTON are incorrectly listed in issue
2 of the Speech System User Guide.
The byte at address &248 is &FF and this is a marker which can be used to
identify the end of the table of pointers.
The bits in every byte of the data from address &249 to &24F are rotated.
These bytes contain the name of the first word with the bytes in reverse
order. The memory locations from &249 to &24F contain the ASCII bytes for
the word (0.125) stored as )521.0(. The speech data for the word (0.125)
is stored from address &250 to &258. The bits in these bytes are reversed.
The most significant nybble of the last byte of the word data is always
&F, The stop code nybble. Address &258 stores the byte &FC.
The name of the next word starts at address &259 and again the bits are
rotated and the bytes are in reverse order. The word name is followed by
the speech data terminated by the stop code nybble. The whole of the rest
of the word PHROM contains word names, with their bits rotated and bytes in
reverse order, and speech data with reversed bits in every byte.
00000000 54 68 65 20 41 63 6f 72 6e 20 53 70 65 65 63 68 |The Acorn Speech|
00000010 20 53 79 73 74 65 6d 20 20 2d 20 20 62 79 20 20 | System - by |
00000020 2d 20 20 47 6f 72 64 6f 6e 20 48 6f 72 73 69 6e |- Gordon Horsin|
00000030 67 74 6f 6e 0d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |gton.-----------|
00000040 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |----------------|
*
00000060 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0d 4d 6f 64 75 6c |---------..Modul|
00000070 65 20 32 2e 20 54 68 65 20 41 63 6f 72 6e 20 77 |e 2. The Acorn w|
00000080 6f 72 64 20 50 48 52 4f 4d 2e 0d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |ord PHROM..-----|
00000090 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |----------------|
000000a0 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0d 54 68 65 20 |----------..The |
000000b0 77 6f 72 64 20 50 48 52 4f 4d 20 75 73 65 64 20 |word PHROM used |
000000c0 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 41 63 6f 72 6e 20 53 70 65 |in the Acorn Spe|
000000d0 65 63 68 20 53 79 73 74 65 6d 20 69 73 20 61 20 |ech System is a |
000000e0 54 65 78 61 73 20 49 6e 73 74 72 75 6d 65 6e 74 |Texas Instrument|
000000f0 73 20 31 36 6b 0d 54 4d 53 20 36 31 30 30 2e 20 |s 16k.TMS 6100. |
00000100 49 74 20 75 73 65 73 20 61 20 31 34 20 62 69 74 |It uses a 14 bit|
00000110 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 72 65 67 69 73 74 65 | address registe|
00000120 72 20 61 6e 64 2c 20 61 66 74 65 72 20 61 6e 20 |r and, after an |
00000130 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 69 73 0d 77 72 69 74 74 |address is.writt|
00000140 65 6e 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 67 69 |en into the regi|
00000150 73 74 65 72 2c 20 64 61 74 61 20 63 61 6e 20 62 |ster, data can b|
00000160 65 20 72 65 61 64 20 6f 75 74 20 6f 6e 65 20 62 |e read out one b|
00000170 69 74 20 61 74 20 61 20 74 69 6d 65 20 61 6e 64 |it at a time and|
00000180 20 6d 61 64 65 0d 61 76 61 69 6c 61 62 6c 65 20 | made.available |
00000190 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 54 4d 53 20 35 32 32 30 20 |to the TMS 5220 |
000001a0 56 6f 69 63 65 20 53 79 6e 74 68 65 73 69 73 20 |Voice Synthesis |
000001b0 50 72 6f 63 65 73 73 6f 72 2e 0d 0d 54 68 65 20 |Processor...The |
000001c0 41 63 6f 72 6e 20 77 6f 72 64 20 50 48 52 4f 4d |Acorn word PHROM|
000001d0 20 68 61 73 20 62 65 65 6e 20 6e 61 6d 65 64 20 | has been named |
000001e0 77 6f 72 64 20 50 48 52 4f 4d 20 41 2e 20 49 74 |word PHROM A. It|
000001f0 20 69 73 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 72 65 66 65 72 65 64 | is also refered|
00000200 20 74 6f 20 61 73 0d 77 6f 72 64 20 50 48 52 4f | to as.word PHRO|
00000210 4d 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 26 30 46 2e 20 54 68 |M number &0F. Th|
00000220 65 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 26 30 46 20 69 73 20 |e number &0F is |
00000230 75 73 65 64 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 4c 6f 61 64 |used in the Load|
00000240 20 41 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 | Address command|
00000250 0d 62 75 74 20 74 68 65 20 41 20 69 6e 20 77 6f |.but the A in wo|
00000260 72 64 20 50 48 52 4f 4d 20 41 20 69 73 20 6a 75 |rd PHROM A is ju|
00000270 73 74 20 61 20 6e 61 6d 65 20 77 69 74 68 20 6c |st a name with l|
00000280 69 74 74 6c 65 20 70 72 61 63 74 69 63 61 6c 20 |ittle practical |
00000290 75 73 65 2e 0d 0d 44 61 74 61 20 61 72 65 20 73 |use...Data are s|
000002a0 74 6f 72 65 64 20 69 6e 20 61 20 77 6f 72 64 20 |tored in a word |
000002b0 50 48 52 4f 4d 20 69 6e 20 74 68 72 65 65 20 64 |PHROM in three d|
000002c0 69 66 66 65 72 65 6e 74 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 73 |ifferent formats|
000002d0 2e 20 45 61 63 68 20 62 79 74 65 20 69 73 0d 65 |. Each byte is.e|
000002e0 69 74 68 65 72 20 75 6e 74 72 61 6e 73 66 6f 72 |ither untransfor|
000002f0 6d 65 64 2c 20 72 6f 74 61 74 65 64 20 6f 72 20 |med, rotated or |
00000300 72 65 76 65 72 73 65 64 2e 20 54 68 65 20 64 61 |reversed. The da|
00000310 74 61 20 73 74 6f 72 65 64 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 61 |ta stored from a|
00000320 64 64 72 65 73 73 0d 26 30 30 30 30 20 74 6f 20 |ddress.&0000 to |
00000330 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 26 30 30 33 42 20 61 72 |address &003B ar|
00000340 65 20 75 6e 74 72 61 6e 73 66 6f 72 6d 65 64 2e |e untransformed.|
00000350 20 54 68 65 20 64 61 74 61 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 26 | The data from &|
00000360 30 30 33 43 20 74 6f 20 26 33 46 46 46 20 61 72 |003C to &3FFF ar|
00000370 65 0d 65 69 74 68 65 72 20 72 6f 74 61 74 65 64 |e.either rotated|
00000380 20 6f 72 20 72 65 76 65 72 73 65 64 2e 0d 0d 52 | or reversed...R|
00000390 6f 74 61 74 65 64 20 64 61 74 61 20 68 61 76 65 |otated data have|
000003a0 20 65 76 65 72 79 20 62 69 74 20 69 6e 20 74 68 | every bit in th|
000003b0 65 20 62 79 74 65 20 73 68 69 66 74 65 64 20 72 |e byte shifted r|
000003c0 69 67 68 74 20 6f 6e 65 20 62 69 74 20 61 6e 64 |ight one bit and|
000003d0 20 62 69 74 0d 73 65 76 65 6e 20 72 65 70 6c 61 | bit.seven repla|
000003e0 63 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 62 69 74 20 7a 65 72 |ced with bit zer|
000003f0 6f 2e 0d 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2b 2d 2d 2d |o.... +---|
00000400 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2b 20 |--------------+ |
00000410 20 20 52 6f 74 61 74 65 20 20 20 2b 2d 2d 2d 2d | Rotate +----|
00000420 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2b 0d 20 |-------------+. |
00000430 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c 20 37 20 36 20 35 20 34 20 | | 7 6 5 4 |
00000440 33 20 32 20 31 20 30 20 7c 20 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |3 2 1 0 | ------|
00000450 2d 2d 2d 3e 20 7c 20 30 20 37 20 36 20 35 20 34 |---> | 0 7 6 5 4|
00000460 20 33 20 32 20 31 20 7c 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 3 2 1 |. |
00000470 2b 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |+---------------|
00000480 2d 2d 2b 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2b |--+ +|
00000490 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |----------------|
000004a0 2d 2b 0d 0d 0d 54 68 65 20 62 69 74 73 20 69 6e |-+...The bits in|
000004b0 20 74 68 65 20 61 63 63 75 6d 75 6c 61 74 6f 72 | the accumulator|
000004c0 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 72 6f 74 61 74 65 64 20 | can be rotated |
000004d0 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 69 |with the followi|
000004e0 6e 67 20 63 6f 64 65 3a 0d 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 |ng code:... |
000004f0 20 20 50 48 41 20 20 20 20 20 5c 20 74 65 6d 70 | PHA \ temp|
00000500 6f 72 61 72 79 20 73 74 6f 72 65 20 66 6f 72 20 |orary store for |
00000510 74 68 65 20 62 79 74 65 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |the byte. |
00000520 52 4f 52 20 41 20 20 20 5c 20 72 6f 74 61 74 65 |ROR A \ rotate|
00000530 20 6f 6e 65 20 62 69 74 20 72 69 67 68 74 2c 20 | one bit right, |
00000540 62 69 74 20 7a 65 72 6f 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 63 61 |bit zero into ca|
00000550 72 72 79 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 50 4c 41 20 20 |rry. PLA |
00000560 20 20 20 5c 20 72 65 73 74 6f 72 65 20 62 79 74 | \ restore byt|
00000570 65 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 52 4f 52 20 41 20 20 |e. ROR A |
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000018d0 20 2e 61 67 61 69 6e 0d 20 20 33 30 30 20 20 20 | .again. 300 |
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00001c40 73 24 0d 20 20 35 35 30 20 49 46 20 4c 45 46 54 |s$. 550 IF LEFT|
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00003880 20 69 74 2e 0d 0d 41 64 64 72 65 73 73 65 73 20 | it...Addresses |
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000039d0 20 28 4d 53 42 29 20 63 6f 6e 74 61 69 6e 20 74 | (MSB) contain t|
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00003a10 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 41 53 43 49 49 20 61 | for the ASCII a|
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00003a40 0d 54 68 65 72 65 20 61 72 65 20 26 35 46 20 41 |.There are &5F A|
00003a50 53 43 49 49 20 61 73 73 6f 63 69 61 74 65 64 20 |SCII associated |
00003a60 77 6f 72 64 73 20 28 73 65 65 20 41 70 70 65 6e |words (see Appen|
00003a70 64 69 78 20 42 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 55 73 65 |dix B of the Use|
00003a80 72 20 47 75 69 64 65 29 2e 0d 54 68 65 20 70 6f |r Guide)..The po|
00003a90 69 6e 74 65 72 20 66 6f 72 20 61 6e 20 41 53 43 |inter for an ASC|
00003aa0 49 49 20 61 73 73 6f 63 69 61 74 65 64 20 77 6f |II associated wo|
00003ab0 72 64 2c 20 6e 2c 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 53 50 41 43 |rd, n, from SPAC|
00003ac0 45 20 28 6e 20 3d 20 26 32 30 29 20 74 6f 20 7e |E (n = &20) to ~|
00003ad0 0d 28 6e 20 3d 20 26 37 46 29 20 69 73 20 6c 6f |.(n = &7F) is lo|
00003ae0 63 61 74 65 64 20 61 74 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 |cated at address|
00003af0 20 32 2a 6e 20 69 6e 20 77 6f 72 64 20 50 48 52 | 2*n in word PHR|
00003b00 4f 4d 20 41 2e 20 54 6f 20 66 69 6e 64 20 74 68 |OM A. To find th|
00003b10 65 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 0d 6f 66 20 74 68 65 |e address.of the|
00003b20 20 73 70 65 65 63 68 20 64 61 74 61 20 61 73 73 | speech data ass|
00003b30 6f 63 69 61 74 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 2c 20 66 6f |ociated with, fo|
00003b40 72 20 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 2c 20 41 53 43 49 49 |r example, ASCII|
00003b50 20 24 20 79 6f 75 20 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 66 69 | $ you should fi|
00003b60 72 73 74 0d 6d 75 6c 74 69 70 6c 79 20 74 68 65 |rst.multiply the|
00003b70 20 41 53 43 49 49 20 63 6f 64 65 20 66 6f 72 20 | ASCII code for |
00003b80 24 20 62 79 20 32 2c 20 26 32 34 2a 32 3d 26 34 |$ by 2, &24*2=&4|
00003b90 38 2e 20 54 68 65 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 73 74 |8. The number st|
00003ba0 6f 72 65 64 20 61 74 0d 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 65 |ored at.addresse|
00003bb0 73 20 26 34 38 20 28 4c 53 42 29 20 61 6e 64 20 |s &48 (LSB) and |
00003bc0 26 34 39 20 28 4d 53 42 29 20 69 73 20 26 30 37 |&49 (MSB) is &07|
00003bd0 46 37 2e 20 54 68 65 20 73 70 65 65 63 68 20 64 |F7. The speech d|
00003be0 61 74 61 20 61 73 73 6f 63 69 61 74 65 64 0d 77 |ata associated.w|
00003bf0 69 74 68 20 41 53 43 49 49 20 24 20 28 77 68 69 |ith ASCII $ (whi|
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00003c20 61 72 74 73 20 61 74 20 26 30 37 46 37 2e 0d 0d |arts at &07F7...|
00003c30 54 68 65 20 6c 61 73 74 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 65 72 |The last pointer|
00003c40 20 66 6f 72 20 61 6e 20 41 53 43 49 49 20 61 73 | for an ASCII as|
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00003c60 20 73 74 6f 72 65 64 20 61 74 20 61 64 64 72 65 | stored at addre|
00003c70 73 73 65 73 20 26 46 43 0d 61 6e 64 20 26 46 44 |sses &FC.and &FD|
00003c80 2e 20 54 68 69 73 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 65 72 20 63 |. This pointer c|
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00003ca0 65 73 73 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 64 61 74 61 20 |ess of the data |
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00003cc0 74 68 65 0d 41 53 43 49 49 20 77 6f 72 64 20 7e |the.ASCII word ~|
00003cd0 2e 20 54 68 65 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 69 73 |. The address is|
00003ce0 20 26 32 36 39 44 2c 20 74 68 65 20 77 6f 72 64 | &269D, the word|
00003cf0 20 69 73 20 4e 4f 54 2e 0d 0d 54 68 65 20 70 6f | is NOT...The po|
00003d00 69 6e 74 65 72 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 66 69 72 |inter to the fir|
00003d10 73 74 20 28 6e 6f 6e 2d 41 53 43 49 49 20 61 73 |st (non-ASCII as|
00003d20 73 6f 63 69 61 74 65 64 29 20 77 6f 72 64 20 69 |sociated) word i|
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00003d70 65 20 73 74 61 72 74 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 73 |e start of the s|
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00003d90 68 65 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 77 6f 72 64 20 69 73 |he first word is|
00003da0 20 26 30 32 35 30 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 77 | &0250 and the w|
00003db0 6f 72 64 20 69 73 20 28 30 2e 31 32 35 29 2c 20 |ord is (0.125), |
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00003de0 74 68 65 20 73 65 63 6f 6e 64 20 77 6f 72 64 20 |the second word |
00003df0 69 73 20 73 74 6f 72 65 64 20 61 74 20 61 64 64 |is stored at add|
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00003e40 65 20 73 70 65 65 63 68 20 64 61 74 61 20 66 6f |e speech data fo|
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00003ea0 65 20 6c 61 73 74 20 77 6f 72 64 0d 69 73 20 73 |e last word.is s|
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00003ed0 64 20 26 32 34 37 20 28 4d 53 42 29 2e 20 54 68 |d &247 (MSB). Th|
00003ee0 65 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 |e address of the|
00003ef0 20 73 74 61 72 74 0d 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 73 70 | start.of the sp|
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00003f10 65 20 6c 61 73 74 20 77 6f 72 64 20 69 73 20 26 |e last word is &|
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00003f30 64 20 69 73 20 5a 2e 0d 0d 41 20 6c 69 73 74 20 |d is Z...A list |
00003f40 6f 66 20 61 6c 6c 20 74 68 65 20 77 6f 72 64 73 |of all the words|
00003f50 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 | and the address|
00003f60 65 73 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 73 74 61 72 74 20 |es of the start |
00003f70 6f 66 20 74 68 65 69 72 20 73 70 65 65 63 68 0d |of their speech.|
00003f80 64 61 74 61 20 63 61 6e 20 62 65 20 66 6f 75 6e |data can be foun|
00003f90 64 20 69 6e 20 41 70 70 65 6e 64 69 78 20 41 20 |d in Appendix A |
00003fa0 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 53 70 65 65 63 68 20 55 73 |of the Speech Us|
00003fb0 65 72 20 47 75 69 64 65 2e 20 54 68 65 20 77 6f |er Guide. The wo|
00003fc0 72 64 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 0d 66 6f 72 20 65 61 |rd number.for ea|
00003fd0 63 68 20 77 6f 72 64 20 69 6e 20 41 70 70 65 6e |ch word in Appen|
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00003ff0 72 65 73 73 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 6c 65 61 73 |ress of the leas|
00004000 74 20 73 69 67 6e 69 66 69 63 61 6e 74 20 62 79 |t significant by|
00004010 74 65 0d 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 61 73 73 6f 63 69 |te.of the associ|
00004020 61 74 65 64 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 65 72 20 64 69 76 |ated pointer div|
00004030 69 64 65 64 20 62 79 20 74 77 6f 2e 20 59 6f 75 |ided by two. You|
00004040 20 63 61 6e 20 75 73 65 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 6f | can use the pro|
00004050 67 72 61 6d 20 52 45 56 45 52 53 45 0d 74 6f 20 |gram REVERSE.to |
00004060 63 6f 72 72 65 63 74 20 74 68 65 20 74 79 70 69 |correct the typi|
00004070 6e 67 20 65 72 72 6f 72 73 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 |ng errors in the|
00004080 20 6c 69 73 74 20 6f 66 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 | list of address|
00004090 65 73 20 69 6e 20 41 70 70 65 6e 64 69 78 20 41 |es in Appendix A|
000040a0 2e 20 54 68 65 0d 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 65 73 20 |. The.addresses |
000040b0 66 6f 72 20 42 2c 20 42 45 54 57 45 45 4e 2c 20 |for B, BETWEEN, |
000040c0 42 4f 54 48 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 42 55 54 54 4f 4e |BOTH, and BUTTON|
000040d0 20 61 72 65 20 69 6e 63 6f 72 72 65 63 74 6c 79 | are incorrectly|
000040e0 20 6c 69 73 74 65 64 20 69 6e 20 69 73 73 75 65 | listed in issue|
000040f0 0d 32 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 53 70 65 65 63 68 |.2 of the Speech|
00004100 20 53 79 73 74 65 6d 20 55 73 65 72 20 47 75 69 | System User Gui|
00004110 64 65 2e 0d 0d 54 68 65 20 62 79 74 65 20 61 74 |de...The byte at|
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00004130 20 26 46 46 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 69 73 20 69 73 | &FF and this is|
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00004160 64 65 6e 74 69 66 79 20 74 68 65 20 65 6e 64 20 |dentify the end |
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00004190 69 74 73 20 69 6e 20 65 76 65 72 79 20 62 79 74 |its in every byt|
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000044e0 72 79 20 62 79 74 65 2e 0d |ry byte..|
000044e9 
16-10-88/T\SPK02.m0
16-10-88/T\SPK02.m1
16-10-88/T\SPK02.m2
16-10-88/T\SPK02.m4
16-10-88/T\SPK02.m5
.